[英语]北京市2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试试题(解析版)

这是一份[英语]北京市2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试试题(解析版)，共19页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分），7% t 4等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
It was my first day f high schl, and it was my first day f schl in a new city. There was nly ne thing n my mind: what t wear. A gd image is everything, s it was imprtant fr me t 1 the peple wh I wuld spend the next fur years with.
Fr the first time in my life, I thught abut hw cnvenient it wuld be t wear the schl unifrm. After carefully selecting, I emerged prudly in a patterned dress. An hur later, I felt 2 as I stepped ff the bus and headed tward rm 1136. But as I turned the crner int my first class, my jaw drpped t the flr.
Sitting at her desk was Mrs. Hutfilz, my English teacher, 3 the exact same dress as I. I kept my head dwn and tipted t my seat, but the first day meant intrductins in frnt f the whle class, and sn enugh it was my 4 . I made it thrugh my minute speech, until Mrs. Hutfilz std up, jkingly adding that she liked my 5 . Althugh this was the mment I had been wrrying frm the mment I walked in, all the 6 that had increased surprisingly melted away; the students wh had previusly been staring at their phnes 7 their heads as I shared my stry. My smile grew as I laughed with my peers, ending my speech with “And I am very stylish, much like my first perid 8 .” After class, I stayed behind and talked t Mrs. Hutfilz, sharing my previus wrry abut cming int a new schl and city. I was 9 t make a humrus and genuine cnnectin with my first teacher, ne that wuld cntinue fr the rest f the year.
While my first perid f high schl may nt have gne exactly the way I thught it wuld, it certainly made the day 10 in the best way, and taught me that Mrs. Hutfilz has an awesme sense f style!
1．A．impressB．surpriseC．pleaseD．encurage
2．A．shyB．luckyC．freeD．pwerful
3．A．preparingB．wearingC．hidingD．designing
4．A．turnB．chanceC．rewardD．slutin
5．A．writingB．styleC．speechD．vice
6．A．happinessB．cnfidenceC．bredmD．anxiety
7．A．nddedB．buriedC．raisedD．tuched
8．A．neighbrB．peerC．teacherD．friend
9．A．relievedB．nervusC．patientD．embarrassed
10．A．unpredictableB．unfrgettableC．unbearableD．unchangeable
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．B
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者上学的第一天和老师穿了一样的衣服，在作者感到尴尬时，老师用幽默的话语缓解了尴尬，给作者留下了难忘的记忆。
【1题详解】
句意：一个好的形象就是一切，所以对我来说，给那些和我一起度过接下来四年的人留下深刻印象是很重要的。impress使印象深刻；surprise使惊讶；please使快乐；encurage鼓励。根据上文“A gd image is everything”可知，作者想留下深刻印象。故选A项。
【2题详解】
句意：一个小时后，当我下了车，朝1136房间走去时，我感到很有力量。shy害羞的；lucky幸运的；free自由的； pwerful有力量的。根据上文“After carefully selecting, I emerged prudly in a patterned dress.”可知，作者感到很有力量。故选D项。
【3题详解】
句意：坐在她桌前的是我的英语老师胡菲尔兹夫人，她穿着和我一模一样的衣服。prepare准备；wear穿；hide躲藏；design设计。根据上文“what t wear”以及下文“the exact same dress as”可知，作者和老师穿着一样的衣服。故选B项。
【4题详解】
句意：我低着头，踮着脚尖走到座位上，但第一天的课程意味着要在全班同学面前做自我介绍，很快就轮到我了。turn转动，轮流；chance机会；reward回报； slutin解决措施。根据下文“I made it thrugh my minute speech”可知，轮到作者自我介绍了。故选A项。
【5题详解】
句意：我做了一分钟的演讲，直到哈菲尔茨夫人站起来，开玩笑地补充说她喜欢我的风格。writing写作；style风格；speech演讲； vice声音。作者和老师穿着同样一款衣服，所以老师开玩笑地说很喜欢作者的风格。故选B项。
【6题详解】
句意：虽然从我走进来的那一刻起，我就一直在担心，但所有增加的焦虑都令人惊讶地消失了。happiness幸福；cnfidence自信；bredm厌倦；anxiety焦虑。根据上文“wrrying”可知，作者的焦虑增加了。故选D项。
【7题详解】
句意：当我分享我的故事时，之前一直盯着手机的学生都抬起了头。nd点头；bury埋葬；raise提高； tuch触摸。根据上文“the students wh had previusly been staring at their phnes”可知，盯着手机看的同学在作者分享故事时抬起了头。故选C项。
【8题详解】
句意：当我和同学们一起大笑时，我的笑容越来越灿烂，最后以“而且我很时尚，很像我的第一节课的老师”结束了我的演讲。neighbr邻居；peer同辈人；teacher教师；friend朋友。根据上文“Sitting at her desk was Mrs. Hutfilz, my English teacher”可知，这里指的是老师。故选C项。
【9题详解】
句意：我和我的第一位老师建立了一种幽默而真诚的联系，这让我松了一口气，这种联系在那一年剩下的时间里一直持续着。relieved 放心的；nervus紧张的；patient耐心的；embarrassed尴尬的。根据下文“make a humrus and genuine cnnectin with my first teacher”可知，作者和作者的第一位老师建立了一种幽默而真诚的联系，这让作者松了一口气，不那么焦虑了。故选A项。
【10题详解】
句意：虽然我的第一段高中生活可能并不完全像我想象的那样，但它确实以最好的方式让这一天难忘，并让我知道哈菲尔兹夫人有一种令人敬畏的时尚感!。unpredictable不可预测的；unfrgettable难以忘记的；unbearable不可忍受的；unchangeable不变化的。根据上文可知，作者和老师穿着同样一款衣服，且老师很有幽默感以及下文“taught me that Mrs. Hutfilz has an awesme sense f style!”可知，这一天很难忘。故选B项。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
An elderly cuple has becme stars in the marathn cmmunity. 11 (win) at least 200 medals frm sprts meetings in the past ten years, they are regarded as rle mdels by many peple. Initially, the cuple started running just 12 (imprve) their health. Later, they decided t challenge themselves and signed up fr a marathn. Thugh neither f them had run a full marathn befre, they managed t cmplete it. They believe n matter 13 age it is, the marathn spirit f fighting t the end is essential.
【答案】11．Having wn 12．t imprve 13．What
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了一对老夫妇成为了马拉松界的明星。在过去的十年中，他们在运动会中赢得了至少200枚奖牌，被许多人视为榜样。讲述了他们的跑步经历。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的十年中，他们在运动会中赢得了至少200枚奖牌，被许多人视为榜样。此处win在句中应用非谓语动词，且在谓语之前发生，用having dne形式，首字母大写。故填Having wn。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最初，这对夫妇开始跑步只是为了改善他们的健康。此处imprve在句中作目的状语，用不定式。故填t imprve。
【13题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：他们相信，无论年龄多大，拼搏到底的马拉松精神都是必不可少的。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”应用n matter what。故填what。
B
The hrse-face skirt, r mamianqun in Chinese, is a traditinal Chinese skirt that dates back t the Sng Dynasty. Traditinally it has tw panels 14 (attach) t a single waistband, which verlap in frnt f the bdy t frm a “skirt dr”, like the hrse-face defenses n ancient city walls. It primarily 15 (represent) a Chinese philsphical cncept that harmnizes strength and gentleness. The skirt has gne beynd time and space t becme a fashin item tday. It 16 (prefer) by fans f traditinal clthing, wh have cntinued t develp it.
【答案】14．attached 15．represents 16．is preferred
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马面裙的历史以及受欢迎的情况。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：传统上，它有两个嵌板连接在一条腰带上，它们在身体前面重叠形成一个“裙门”，就像古代城墙上的马面防御一样。此处attach与panels构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填attached。
【15题详解】
考查时态。句意：它主要代表了一种中国哲学观念，即和谐的力量和温柔。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为It，谓语用三单形式。故填represents。
【16题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：它受到传统服装爱好者的青睐，他们一直在继续发展它。主语It与谓语构成被动关系，根据语境可知陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is preferred。
C
It can be hard nt t let negativity g int yur day, especially during 17 (stress) perids f life. A bit f ptimism makes yu becme better and emtinally 18 (healthy) in the lng term. An ptimistic persn is always lking fr the best in any situatin and expecting that gd things 19 (happen). But being ptimistic desn’t mean yu g int denial and pretend everything is fine when it’s nt. It is a particular state f mind 20 yu hpe fr the best but prepare fr the wrst.
【答案】17．stressful 18．healthier 19．will happen 20．Where
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了从长远来看，一点点乐观会让你变得更好，情绪更健康。一个乐观的人总是在任何情况下寻找最好的，并期待好事会发生。但乐观并不意味着你要否认一切，假装一切都很好，但事实并非如此。这是一种特殊的心态，你抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：不让消极情绪进入你的生活是很难的，尤其是在生活压力很大的时候。修饰名词perids应用形容词stressful。故填stressful。
【18题详解】
考查比较级。句意：从长远来看，一点点乐观会让你变得更好，情绪更健康。根据上文“becme better”可知为比较关系，应用比较级。故填healthier。
【19题详解】
考查时态。句意：一个乐观的人总是在任何情况下寻找最好的，并期待好事会发生。此处从句表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时。故填will happen。
【20题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这是一种特殊的心态，你抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。定语从句修饰先行词state f mind，在从句作地点状语，故用where。故填where。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Many things cme t mind when I think f a great vacatin. Impressive scenery and delicius fd are certainly n my list. Thse tw features can’t always be fund in the same lcatin. Hwever, amazing views and great fd are bth n the menu at the fllwing three restaurants. The Rck. Zanzibar
On an enrmus stne ff the cast f the East African island f Zanzibar sits The Rck. The freshest seafd, much f it straight frm the surrunding cean, is always available here. Fresh lbster, prawns, ctpus salad and calamari are just a few f the appetizing dining ptins. At lw tide, custmers can walk ut t The Rck. As the water rises, thugh, custmers must take a shrt bat ride t it. Once they arrive, they’re greeted by friendly staff and 360-degree views f beautiful blue-green water. The Rck, smetimes called the “flating restaurant,” is available fr weddings and ther small grup events.
The Labasin Waterfalls Restaurant, Philippines
Stunning waterfalls smetimes have restaurants at the tp. But the Labasin Waterfalls, in San Pabl City, Philippines, are different. A restaurant sits at the bttm f these falls. Guests dine n authentic Filipin meals at bamb tables that stand right in the water. They cl their feet in the water that flws under their tables. The surrunding jungle makes a perfect backgrund fr this ne-f-a-kind dining experience.
The Grtt, Thailand
The Grtt Restaurant n Thailand’s Phra Nang Beach ffers delicius fd and an incredible dining experience. The restaurant is partly psitined inside a cave and partly n the beach. Guests seated tward the frnt lk ut at Happy Island in the lvely Andaman Sea. Thse seated at the back enjy an authentic cave-dining experience. Cmfrtable tables are arranged inside the cave. Internatinal fd with a Thai influence is featured.
Fr yur next travel-and-dining adventure, why nt make a reservatin at ne f these unique restaurants?
21．What d we knw abut The Rck?
A．It is lcated n an enrmus ship.
B．It is suitable fr hlding a wedding celebratin.
C．Custmers can walk ut t the restaurant all the time.
D．The tables stand right in the beautiful blue-green water.
22．What d the three restaurants have in cmmn?
A．Custmers can enjy the beautiful views f the sea.
B．Shrt bat rides are needed t get t these restaurants.
C．They ffer the freshest seafd frm the surrunding cean.
D．They integrate delicius fd with incredible dining experiences.
23．What is the main purpse f this passage?
A．T call n readers t visit the unique restaurants.
B．T present available restaurants fr readers t wrk in.
C．T intrduce the delicius fd ffered in the restaurants.
D．T remind peple t take a break frm the busy schedules.
【答案】21．B 22．D 23．A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了三家既有美味的食物也有美丽的风景的三家餐馆。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The Rck, smetimes called the “flating restaurant,” is available fr weddings and ther small grup events.(岩石，有时被称为“浮动餐厅”，可用于婚礼和其他小组活动。)”可知，此处适合举行婚礼。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Hwever, amazing views and great fd are bth n the menu at the fllwing three restaurants.(然而，以下三家餐厅的菜单上都有迷人的景色和美味的食物。)”可知，这三家餐馆的共同之处就是既有迷人的景色也有美味的食物。故选D。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Fr yur next travel-and-dining adventure, why nt make a reservatin at ne f these unique restaurants?(对于你的下一次旅行和用餐的冒险，为什么不预订一个这些独特的餐厅呢？)”可知，这篇文章的目的号召读者们去拜访这三家餐馆。故选A。
B
When I was named CEO f a glbal cmpany in 2006, I was determined t run the cmpany s that it wuld bth deliver gd shrt-term perfrmance and thrive in the lng term, years after I was gne. It was already in gd shape, but I dreamed f creating a defining crpratin f the 21st century, prud f its rt, yet glbal and respnsible in the shifting times.
Fr mnths, I quietly read all I culd abut the big scial trends influencing business. I walked the market, and examined emplyees’ feedback. I als dug deep int the bligatins f public crpratins. Frm all f this emerged a visin fr the cmpany that guided us fr the next dzen years r s. I called it “Perfrmance with Purpse”. The gal was t deliver great financial returns, as we always had, with three additinal clear bjects: t nurish humanity and the cmmunities, t prtect ur envirnment and t cherish ur peple.
My mtivatin was whlly t “future prf”, r de-risk. And it wrked. In my 12 years as CEO, ttal sharehlder return was 149%, and net prfit jumped 80%. We cut the salt, fat, and sugar in sda and chips, added mre healthful brands and prducts, and lwered the amunt f water needed. We kept innvatin ging and ur design studis wn many awards. Our talent academy was s brilliant that nine senir managers left t take CEO jbs elsewhere.
I believe that leaders must think frm the future back, even when things are ging fine. And we nw have a framewrk t help: the evlving templates (模板) fr envirnmental, scial, and gvernance metrics (ESG衡量标准) that, in essence, serve t de-risk cmpanies and markets. These criteria frce discussin f hard truths fr anyne with the ambitin t stay relevant in the lng term. If the metrics are carefully selected, ESG is nt cntrary t investrs’ interests. Imprtantly, de-risking the cmpany actually creates sharehlder value.
“Perfrmance with Purpse” presented tugh mments fr me, including when ne investr questined, “Wh d yu think yu are? A philanthrpist (慈善家)?” But skepticism faded when a cllective missin tk hld that included bth the bttm line and much beynd. This was my hpe frm the start.
24．The authr’s new visin fr the cmpany came frm _________.
A．its unique cultural rtB．her thrugh research
C．custmers’ fundamental needsD．sharehlders’ strng requirements
25．Accrding t “Perfrmance with Purpse”, an ideal cmpany shuld _________.
A．shift its strategies prperlyB．value emplyees’ feedback
C．shulder scial respnsibilityD．priritize financial returns
26．What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The risks a cmpany may face.B．The authr’s ambitin t create value.
C．The interests investrs seek after.D．The authr’s recipe fr successful business.
27．As CEO, the authr can be best described as _________.
A．inspiring and warm-heartedB．determined and far-sighted
C．ambitius and generusD．mdest and strategic
【答案】24．B 25．C 26．D 27．B
【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，作者于2006年成为一家全球公司的CEO时，决心让公司在短期内取得佳绩，并在作者离开后依然长期繁荣。作者提出“绩效与目的”的愿景，旨在实现财务成功的同时，关注社会责任、环境保护和员工发展。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段“Fr mnths, I quietly read all I culd abut the big scial trends influencing business. I walked the market, and examined emplyees’ feedback. I als dug deep int the bligatins f public crpratins. Frm all f this emerged a visin fr the cmpany that guided us fr the next dzen years r s. I called it “Perfrmance with Purpse”. The gal was t deliver great financial returns, as we always had, with three additinal clear bjects: t nurish humanity and the cmmunities, t prtect ur envirnment and t cherish ur peple. (几个月来，我静静地阅读了所有影响商业的重大社会趋势。我在市场里走了一圈，查看了员工的反馈。我还深入研究了公共企业的义务。从这一切中，我们看到了公司未来十几年的发展方向。我称之为“有目的的表现”。我们的目标是提供巨大的经济回报，就像我们一直做的那样，同时还有三个明确的目标：滋养人类和社区，保护我们的环境，珍惜我们的人民。)”可知，作者进行了大量的研究工作，包括阅读有关影响商业的重大社会趋势的资料、考察市场以及深入研究公共公司的义务，基于这些研究形成了新的公司愿景。故选B项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段“I called it “Perfrmance with Purpse”. The gal was t deliver great financial returns, as we always had, with three additinal clear bjects: t nurish humanity and the cmmunities, t prtect ur envirnment and t cherish ur peple. (我称之为“有目的的表现”。我们的目标是提供巨大的经济回报，就像我们一直做的那样，同时还有三个明确的目标：滋养人类和社区，保护我们的环境，珍惜我们的人民。)”可知，一个理想的公司应该承担社会责任。故选C项。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第四段“I believe that leaders must think frm the future back, even when things are ging fine. And we nw have a framewrk t help: the evlving templates (模板) fr envirnmental, scial, and gvernance metrics (ESG衡量标准) that, in essence, serve t de-risk cmpanies and markets. These criteria frce discussin f hard truths fr anyne with the ambitin t stay relevant in the lng term. If the metrics are carefully selected, ESG is nt cntrary t investrs’ interests. Imprtantly, de-risking the cmpany actually creates sharehlder value. (我认为，领导者必须从未来的角度考虑问题，即使事情进展顺利。我们现在有了一个可以提供帮助的框架：不断发展的环境、社会和治理指标模板（ESG衡量标准），从本质上讲，这些模板有助于企业和市场降低风险。这些标准迫使任何有志于长期保持相关性的人讨论残酷的事实。如果这些指标经过精心挑选，ESG并不会违背投资者的利益。重要的是，降低公司风险实际上创造了股东价值。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了作者如何通过ESG衡量标准来为公司“去风险”，这是作者成功经商的秘诀。故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“When I was named CEO f a glbal cmpany in 2006, I was determined t run the cmpany s that it wuld bth deliver gd shrt-term perfrmance and thrive in the lng term, years after I was gne. It was already in gd shape, but I dreamed f creating a defining crpratin f the 21st century, prud f its rt, yet glbal and respnsible in the shifting times. (2006年，当我被任命为一家跨国公司的首席执行官时，我决心管理这家公司，让它在我离开多年后，既能提供良好的短期业绩，又能保持长期繁荣。它已经处于良好的状态，但我梦想着创建一个21世纪的标志性公司，为自己的根源感到自豪，同时在不断变化的时代具有全球性和责任感。)”可知，作者作为CEO，不仅决心要让公司在短期内表现良好，还致力于长期发展，提出了前瞻性的“Perfrmance with Purpse”愿景，并成功实施，使公司在经济、社会和环境等多方面取得显著成效。这表明作者既坚定又具有远见卓识。故选B项。
C
Creativity is cmmnly thught f as a persnality trait that resides within the individual. We cunt n creative peple t prduce the sngs, mvies, and bks we lve, t invent the new gadgets that can change ur lives, and t discver the new scientific theries and philsphies that can change the way we view the wrld. Over the past several years, hwever, scial psychlgists have discvered that creativity is nt nly a characteristic f the individual, but may als change depending n the situatin and cntext. The questin, f curse, is what thse situatins are: what makes us mre creative at times and less creative at thers?
One answer is psychlgical distance. Accrding t the Cnstrual Level Thery (CLT) f psychlgical distance, anything that we d nt experience as ccurring nw, here, and t urselves falls int the “psychlgically distant” categry. It's als pssible t induce a state f “psychlgical distance” simply by changing the way we think abut a particular prblem, such as attempting t take anther persn’s perspective, r by thinking f the questin as if it were unreal and unlikely. In this new paper, by Lile Jia and clleagues at Indiana University, scientists have demnstrated that increasing psychlgical distance s that a prblem feels farther away can actually increase creativity.
Why des psychlgical distance increase creativity? Accrding t CLT, psychlgical distance affects the way we mentally represent things, s that distant things are represented in a relatively abstract way while psychlgically near things seem mre cncrete. Cnsider, fr instance, a crn plant. A cncrete representatin wuld refer t the shape, clr, taste, and smell f the plant, and cnnect the item t its mst cmmn use—a fd prduct. An abstract representatin, n the ther hand, might refer t the crn plant as a surce f energy r as a fast-grwing plant. These mre abstract thughts might lead us t cntemplate ther, less cmmn uses fr crn, such as a surce fr ethanl, r t use the plant t create mazes fr children. What this example demnstrates is hw abstract thinking makes it easier fr peple t frm surprising cnnectins between seemingly unrelated cncepts, such as fast-grwing plants (crn) and fuel fr cars (ethanl) .
In this mst recent study, Jia examined the effect f spatial distance n creativity. Participants perfrmed a creative generatin task, in which they were asked t list as many different mdes f transprtatin as pssible. This task was intrduced as having been develped either by Indiana University students studying in Greece (distant cnditin) r by Indiana University students studying in Indiana (near cnditin). As predicated, participants in the distant cnditin generated mre numerus and riginal mdes f transprtatin than participants in the near cnditin.
28．What can we learn abut psychlgical distance?
A．It brings mre abstract cncepts int ur mind.
B．It builds uncmmn cnnectins in ur mind.
C．It enables us t knw mre uses f cmmn things.
D．It makes prblems easier t be slved.
29．Which f the fllwing is true f spatial distance accrding t Jia’s study?
A．Distant cnditin is related t peple’s creative ability.
B．It makes students in Indiana list mre mdes f transprtatin.
C．It enables peple t generate mre abstract ideas.
D．It helps ne t take anther persn’s perspective.
30．Which wuld be the best title f the passage?
A．Frmatin f Abstract Thughts
B．Frmatin f Cnnectins amng Cncepts
C．Ways t Create Psychlgical Distance
D．An Easy Apprach t Prmte Creativity
【答案】28．A 29．A 30．D
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了心理距离和空间距离对创造力的影响。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Accrding t CLT, psychlgical distance affects the way we mentally represent things, s that distant things are represented in a relatively abstract way while psychlgically near things seem mre cncrete.”（根据CLT，心理距离影响我们在心理上表征事物的方式，所以距离远的事物以相对抽象的方式表征，而心理上近的事物似乎更具体。）可推知，心理距离会带来更多抽象的概念。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“As predicated, participants in the distant cnditin generated mre numerus and riginal mdes f transprtatin than participants in the near cnditin.”（如预测的那样，处于远距离条件的参与者比处于近距离条件的参与者产生了更多的、原创的交通方式。）可推知，空间距离与人们的创造力有关。故选A。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Why des psychlgical distance increase creativity?”（为什么心理距离能增加创造力？）以及第四段“In this mst recent study, Jia examined the effect f spatial distance n creativity.”（在最近的研究中，贾研究了空间距离对创造力的影响。）可知，本文主要讲述了心理距离和空间距离对创造力的影响。因此最佳标题应该是“An Easy Apprach t Prmte Creativity”（一种简单的提升创造力的方法）。故选D。
D
In recent years American sciety has becme increasingly dependent n its universities t find slutins t its majr prblems. It is the universities that have been charged with the principal respnsibility fr develping the expertise t place men n the mn; fr dealing with ur urban prblems and with ur deterirating envirnment; fr develping the means t feed the wrld’s rapidly increasing ppulatin. The effrt invlved in meeting these demands presents its wn prblems. In additin, this cncentratin n the creatin f new knwledge significantly impacts n the universities’ effrts t perfrm their ther principal functins, the transmissin and interpretatin f knwledge—the imparting (传授) f the heritage f the past and the preparing f the next generatin t carry it frward.
With regard t this, perhaps their mst traditinally acknwledged task, clleges and universities tday find themselves in a serius bind generally. On the ne hand, there is the American cmmitment, entered int especially since Wrld War II, t prvide higher educatin fr all yung peple wh can prfit frm it. The result f the cmmitment has been a dramatic rise in enrllments in ur universities, cupled with a radical (激进的) shift frm the private t the public sectr f higher educatin. On the ther hand, there are serius and cntinuing limitatins n the resurces available fr higher educatin.
While higher educatin has becme a great “grwth industry”, it is als simultaneusly a tremendus drain n the resurces f natin. With the vast increase in enrllment and the shift in pririties away frm educatin in state and federal budgets, there is in mst f ur public institutins a significant decrease in per capita (人均) utlay fr their students. One crucial aspect f this drain n resurces lies in the persistent shrtage f trained faculty, which has led, in turn, t a declining standard f cmpetence in instructin.
Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated abve, the cncern with research, with its cmpeting claims n resurces and the attentin f the faculty. In additin, there is a strng tendency fr the institutins’ rganizatin and functining t fulfill the demands f research rather than thse f teaching.
31．Accrding t the passage, ________ shuld be the mst imprtant functin f institutins f higher educatin.
A．creating new knwledge
B．prviding slutins t scial prblems
C．making experts n sphisticated industries ut f their students
D．preparing their students t transmit inherited knwledge
32．In American universities, there is a cntradictin (矛盾) between ________.
A．mre students and less investmentB．educatin quality and ecnmic prfit
C．lw enrllment rate and high drput rateD．private wnership and American cmmitment
33．Which is True abut American universities?
A．Mst teachers are devted t imprving their cmpetence in instructin.
B．Research ccupies mre resurces and teachers’ attentin than teaching.
C．The institutins’ rganizatin tends t meet the demands f teaching.
D．The lack f trained faculty leads t the decline in the quality f researches.
34．We can infer frm the passage that________.
A．high quality attracts students t stay in public universities
B．the American cmmitment is t blame fr all the difficulties
C．higher educatin used t have a pririty in gvernment budgets
D．the increasing expenses fr each student drain the natinal resurces
【答案】31．D 32．A 33．B 34．C
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。作者就美国大学现在存在的问题进行了论述，作者从美国社会越来越依赖大学谈起，探讨了现在美国大学的尴尬局面，科研和教学无法兼顾，美国大学到底是要科研还是要教学？
【31题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段中的“In additin, this cncentratin n the creatin f new knwledge significantly impacts n the universities’ effrts t perfrm their ther principal functins, the transmissin and interpretatin f knwledge—the imparting (传授) f the heritage f the past and the preparing f the next generatin t carry it frward. (此外，这种专注于创造新知识的做法，对大学履行其他主要职能、传播和解释知识——传授过去的遗产以及为下一代继承遗产做准备的努力产生了重大影响)”可知，高等教育的主要任务是知识的传承与解释——对过去遗产的传播和教育年青一代并将其发扬，D项“储备学生去传输遗产历史知识”与作者的观点一致。故选D项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段“With regard t this, perhaps their mst traditinally acknwledged task, clleges and universities tday find themselves in a serius bind generally. On the ne hand, there is the American cmmitment, entered int especially since Wrld War II, t prvide higher educatin fr all yung peple wh can prfit frm it. The result f the cmmitment has been a dramatic rise in enrllments in ur universities, cupled with a radical (激进的) shift frm the private t the public sectr f higher educatin. On the ther hand, there are serius and cntinuing limitatins n the resurces available fr higher educatin. (关于这一点，也许是他们最传统的公认任务，今天的学院和大学普遍发现自己陷入了严重的困境。一方面，美国承诺为所有能从中获益的年轻人提供高等教育，这一承诺尤其是自二战以来达成的。这一承诺的结果是，我们大学的入学人数大幅增加，同时高等教育从私立部门向公立部门发生了根本性转变。另一方面，高等教育可用的资源仍然存在着严重和持久的局限性)”可知，目前很多美国大学和学院常常处于一种尴尬的境地就是学生越来越多，但高等教育可用资源有限，即A项“更多的学生和更少的投入”。故选A项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段“Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated abve, the cncern with research, with its cmpeting claims n resurces and the attentin f the faculty. In additin, there is a strng tendency fr the institutins’ rganizatin and functining t fulfill the demands f research rather than thse f teaching. (如上所述，加剧这些困难是因为对研究的担忧，因为研究对资源的要求相互矛盾，并引起了教员的关注。此外，大学的组织机构和功能存在着强烈的倾向性，即满足科研而不是满足教育的需要)”可知，就美国大学和学院而言，研究比教学占用更多的资源和教师的注意力。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段中的“With the vast increase in enrllment and the shift in pririties away frm educatin in state and federal budgets, there is in mst f ur public institutins a significant decrease in per capita (人均) utlay fr their students. (随着入学率的大幅度提高和国家与各州不再给高等教育以财政上的优先权，公立大学花在每个大学生身上的钱已经明显下降)”可知，现在国家与各州不再给高等教育以财政上的优先权，说明以前高等教育在国家和各州的财政上是有优先权的。故选C项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
Want t write better? There’s a new bk that says simple writing is best.
D yu check yur text messages befre sending? 35 If nt, yu might prefer getting things dne fast, even if they’re nt perfect.
This bk argues that it’s imprtant t write carefully, even fr quick messages. Tdd Rgers and Jessica Lasky Fink, frm Harvard, wrte “Writing Fr Busy Readers”. It’s smartly named because everyne’s busy tday. Peple get lts f messages every day, frm emails t texts. 36 Deciding what t read, skim, r ignre happens many times a day fr almst everyne.
The authrs share gd writing tips, like cutting unnecessary wrds and using simple wrds everyne knws. They say it’s imprtant t keep sentences simple. They tested the idea that less is mre. Fr example, they sent an email t thusands f schl-bard members asking them t take a survey. They made the email shrter, frm 127 t 49 wrds, and gt duble the respnses (frm 2.7% t 4.8%). 37
The same is true fr text messages. In anther test, they sent a shrt message asking parents t take a survey. It gt mre respnses than a lnger, mre sympathetic ne. Smetimes, being shrt and clear wrks better than being kind but ignred. It’s nt just what yu say, but hw quickly yu say it that matters.
It’s nt just abut wrd cunt. 38 Reducing the number f ptins has the same effect. Shrt, active sentences with cmmn wrds are best.
Frm psts t nline reviews, fllwing these rules gets mre likes and shares. Serius writers shuld pay attentin t. A study fund that cmpanies using lng sentences and cmplicated wrds were seen as less mral and trustwrthy.
39 It might be tempting t send messages quickly and hpe fr the best. But taking time t write fr yur readers has benefits. If yu send a rushed message that readers ignre, it’s like yu didn’t send it at all.
A．If everyne is a busy reader, everyne is a busy writer t.
B．They can als get puzzled by scial media platfrms.
C．If yu d, yu prbably like making even the simplest messages perfect.
D．They fund that lnger messages make peple think the task will take lnger.
E．Keeping messages t ne idea, r as few as pssible, helps make sure they’re read, remembered, and acted n.
F．Yur gal is t cnvey enugh passin that yur readers think the issue in yur message is wrth caring abut.
G．Explaining the thinking behind yur messages will allw readers t see that yu knw what yu’re talking abut.
【答案】35．C 36．B 37．D 38．E 39．A
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一本关于如何更好地写作的书。
【35题详解】
上文“D yu check yur text messages befre sending?(你发短信前检查过吗？)”提出一个问题：你发短信前检查过吗？结合下文“If nt, yu might prefer getting things dne fast, even if they’re nt perfect.(如果不，你可能更喜欢快速完成任务，即使它们并不完美)”可知，空处是描述肯定的情况，C项“如果你检查，你可能喜欢把最简单的信息变得完美”符合语境，故选C。
【36题详解】
上文“Peple get lts f messages every day, frm emails t texts.(人们每天都会收到很多信息，从电子邮件到短信)”提到，人们每天都会收到很多信息，结合下文“Deciding what t read, skim, r ignre happens many times a day fr almst everyne.(几乎每个人每天都会多次决定要读什么、略读什么或忽略什么)”可知，人们会对社交媒体平台收到的很多信息感到困惑，B项“他们也会对社交媒体平台感到困惑”符合语境，故选B。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Fr example, they sent an email t thusands f schl-bard members asking them t take a survey. They made the email shrter, frm 127 t 49 wrds, and gt duble the respnses (frm 2.7% t 4.8%).(例如，他们给数千名学校董事会成员发了一封电子邮件，要求他们参加一项调查。他们把邮件缩短了，从127个单词缩短到49个单词，得到了两倍的回复(从2.7%增加到4.8%))”可知，缩短邮件得到了两倍的回复，D项“他们发现，较长的信息会让人们认为完成任务需要更长的时间”对上文进一步阐释，故选D。
【38题详解】
根据上文“It’s nt just abut wrd cunt.(这不仅仅是字数的问题)”和下文“Reducing the number f ptins has the same effect.(减少选项的数量也有同样的效果)”可知，本段是描述缩短邮件得到更多回复的原因，E项“将信息集中在一个想法上，或者尽可能少，有助于确保它们被阅读、记住并采取行动”符合语境，故选E。
【39题详解】
空处是段首主题句，根据下文“It might be tempting t send messages quickly and hpe fr the best. But taking time t write fr yur readers has benefits. If yu send a rushed message that readers ignre, it’s like yu didn’t send it at all.(快速发送信息并寄希望于最好的结果可能是诱人的。但是花时间为读者写作是有好处的。如果你发送了一条匆忙的信息，而读者却忽略了它，那就好像你根本没有发送它一样)”可知，本段是说要花点时间写信息，匆忙的信息得不到好的效果，A项“如果每个人都是忙碌的读者，那么每个人也都是忙碌的作家”适合作为本段主题句，故选A。
书面表达（共一题，20分)
40．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的好友Jim是北京一所国际学校的篮球队队长，你校计划组织一场校际篮球比赛，请你用英文给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.发出比赛邀请；
2.提议比赛安排。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Jim,
I hpe this email finds yu well. As the captain f yur basketball team, I’m writing t invite yur team t participate in an inter-schl basketball match rganized by ur schl, Red Star High.
The match is scheduled t take place n the weekend f the cming mnth, with the specific date and venue t cnfirm sn. It wuld be a fantastic pprtunity fr bth teams t shwcase their skills and fster friendship thrugh sprts. I’m cnfident that yur team’s participatin wuld add t the excitement and cmpetitiveness f the event.
Lking frward t yur psitive respnse and hpe t see yu n the curt sn!
Yurs,
Li Hua