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人教版新小学升四年级英语暑期衔接课程 第一讲 be动词和冠词的用法学案
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这是一份人教版新小学升四年级英语暑期衔接课程 第一讲 be动词和冠词的用法学案,共14页。学案主要包含了考点解读,知识讲解,典例探究,课堂运用,课后巩固等内容,欢迎下载使用。
【考点解读】
【知识讲解】
知识点1——be 动词(verb t be )
规律:is /was 跟着she(她) he(他) it(它) ;am 跟着 I; are/were 跟着 they
三、【典例探究】
【例题1】:
英语语法冠词专项练习
一.概念
冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义.冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.
相关知识点精讲
不定冠词:
1. a用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如:a bk; an用于元音发音开头的词前,如:an apple, an hur. 请区别:a useful machine, an umbrella, a “u”, an “h”。
1. a/an 用于单数可数名词前。
a bk a by a man a bird a dg an hur.
an interesting bk a big dg a dangerus animal.
【练习】 判断正误:
a stry( ) a bread ( ) a paper( ) a bag( )
a pretty wman( ) a schl ( ) a useful bk ( )
2.表示类别:这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类,或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件,或者指某一种类的人或物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。 例如:
That is a pen, nt a pencil. 那是钢笔而不是铅笔。(指属于某一种类)
Give him a pear, please! 请给他一个梨。(指某一种类中的任何一个)
Listen! A by is singing in the classrm.
3.和 ne 的区别: a/an 表示类别 种类 One 强调数量
a bus (表示是一辆公交车 而不是一辆小汽车 也不是火车)
ne bus (强调是一辆车 而不是两辆或三辆)
There is a cat under the chair. 椅子下面有一只猫。(强调种类)
There is ne cat under the chair.椅子下边有一只猫。(强调数量)
4. 表示基本单位,作“每一”讲。
例如:three times a day, 10 yuan a kil
six class a day thirty miles an hur等。
定冠词:
一: the 表示特指。表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个,以别于同类中其他的人或事物,相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。
the bk in my bag the by under the tree
the apples in the basket the hspital near my hme
二:可以和单、复数名词,也可以和不可数的名词连用。
the bks the bk the rice the bread the ftball
the ld man the interesting bk the teachers the wmen
三:用法:
1). 定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”:表示某个或某些特定的人或物。
D yu knw the girl in a red skirt? 你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗?
Beijing is the capital f China. 北京是中国的首都。
2). 再次提到上文提到过的人或物,应该用定冠词the。例如:
Tm has an apple, the apple is big and red.
There is a by under the tree. The by is my brther.
3). 指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如:
Let’s g and give it t the teacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。
Open the dr,please!请打开门。
4). 用于某些固定词组中。
例如:in the mrning / afternn / evening 等。
5). 用在形容词前表示一类人。
the ld 老人 the yung 年轻人the rich富裕的人
the pr_________ the blind____________穷人 盲人
6). 用在表示“姓”的复数名词前,表示一家人或夫妇二人。 例如:
The Whites are spending their hliday in England.
The Greens came t China tw years ag .
7).世界上独一无二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙)
the glbe太阳系 the universe 宇宙 the atmsphere大气层
The sun rises in the east.
The earth ges rund the sun.
零冠词精讲
1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词
China 中国 Eurpe 欧洲 Lei Feng 雷锋 William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚
2. 月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词
January 一月份 Sunday 星期日 Christmas Day 圣诞节 Thanksgiving 感恩节
Natinal Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节
比较: a Sunday mrning.
在一个星期天的早晨... (表示某一个。)
3. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词
I have lunch at schl. 我在学校吃午餐。
Summer is the best seasn fr swimming. 夏天是游泳的好季节。
比较: I had a big lunch yesterday.
昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。(表示某一个)
The dinner given by Mr Smith was very nice. 史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。(表示特指)
比较: I will never frget the summer we spent in Hawaii.
我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。 (表示特指)
4. 进行球类运动
play basketball 打篮球 play vlleyball 打排球 play ftball 踢足球
5. 没有特指的物质名词
This cart is made f wd. 这辆手推车是用木头作的。
比较: The wd utside was all wet. 外面的那些木头都湿了。(表示特指)
6. 没有特指的不可数抽象名词
Time is precius. 时间是宝贵的。
比较: The time f the play was 1990s. 这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代。(表示特指)
7. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。
8. 山峰 Munt Qmlangma 珠穆朗玛峰
9. 固定词组
g t schl 去上学 g t bed 上床睡觉 g by train 乘火车去 g by bat 乘船去 at table 在用餐
in hspital 住院 at schl 求学 in schl 求学 at nn 在中午 at night 在晚上 at midnight 在半夜 in twn 在城里
10. 独立结构中的名词不加冠词
A by came in, bk in hand. 一个男孩进来,手上拿着书。
11. 泛指人类
Man is mrtal. 人必有一死。
12. 在"kind f+名词 srt f+名词"句式中
What kind f flwer is it? 这是什么花?
I like this srt f bk. 我喜欢这种书。
13. 指职位、头衔的词,如king,mnitr,captain,president,chairman 等。
He is (the) captain f the team. 他是球队的队长。
As (the) chairman f the cmmittee, I declare the meeting pen. 作为委员会主席,我宣布会议开始。
不用冠词的情况
(1)名词前有指示代词this,that,these,thse时不用冠词。
eg.That girl is my friend.
(2)名词前有物主代词my,yur,his her,their等时不用冠词。
eg.Lucy is her sister.
(3)名词前有whse,which,SO[1ie,any,each,every等代词时不用冠词。
eg.Which man is Mr Green?
Each student has a beautiful picture.
(4)复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。
eg.Thse yung men are teachers,nt students.
(5)物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。
eg.Snw is white.
(6)抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。
eg.Des she like music?
(7)在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。
eg.play basketball/sccer/chess
(8)在三餐前不用冠词。
eg.have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner
(9)在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。
eg. Tina,China,Tiananmen Square,Beijing,University,New Year’s Day,Tuesday,January
(10)在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。
eg.My favrite is English.
四、【课堂运用】
【基础】
【练习1】
( ) I We can see___sun and___mn in___ picture.
A.a; the; the B. the; a; the C. a; the; a D. the; the; the
( ) 2 ____ mn mves arund ____ earth, and they bth are smaller than sun.
A. The; an; a B. A; the; the C. /; /; / D. The; the; the
( ) 3 Paris is ___ capital f France.
a B. / C. ne D. the
( ) 1 ____ Brwns arrived there yesterday evening.
A. / B. A C. The D. An
( ) 2 Why nt ask yur father t draw____ map fr yu if yu want t get t
___Alice's huse easily?
A. a; an B. /; an C. the; a D. a; /
( ) 3 ____ Brwns are sitting at____ breakfast table.
/; a B. The; / C. The; the D. /; the
【练习2】
1. I ____ a student.
2. He ____ a student t.
3. Yu ____ my gd friend.
4. We ____in the same class.
5. Li lei and Kang kang _____ deskmates.
6. It ____ a cat.
7. She ____ a beautiful girl.
8. They _____ Chinese.
9. This _____ Helen.
10. He ____ frm China.
【巩固】
【练习1】
( ) 1 Han Meimei is ___ Chinese girl. Lucy is ____ English girl.
A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a
( ) 2 A little by wrte____ "U" and___ "n" n the wall.
A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a
( ) 3 _____ ld lady in brwn is____ university prfessr.
A. An; a B. An; / C. The; an D. The; a
( ) 4 There are sixty minutes in____hur.
A. an B. the C. a D. /
( ) 5 This is ____ interesting bk and it is als ____ useful ne.
an; an B. an; the C. an; a D. a; a
( ) 6. Which bigger, ___ elephant r ___ hrse?
A. a; the B. an; a C. the; an D. an; the
( ) 7. ____mnkey can climb____trees.
A. /; the B. A; / C. The; a D. /; /
( ) 8. ____ rains are faster than ____ buses.
/; / B. The; / C. /; the D. The; a
【练习2】
一、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空:
1> There are three ______(chair) in the classrm.
2>These _______(tmat) are red.
3>My brther lks after tw ______(baby)
4> My father likes t eat _______(ptat).
5>Chinese ______(peple)like t eat ndles.
6>I have a lt f ______(ty) in my bedrm.
7>I help my mther wash ______(dish) in the kitchen.
8>I have tw ______(pencil-bx).
9>There are sme ______(bus)in the street.
10>Peter has eight _____(ft).
答案:chairs tmates babies phtes peple tys dishes pencils-bxes buses feet
二、选择填空
( )1.I can see three ________ in the z. A mnkeys B mnkeyes C mnkey
( )2.The pig has fur ______. A. ft B. feet C. fts
( )3.My tw brthers are bth ______. A. pliceman B. plicemans C. plicemen
( )4.I can see ten _____ in the picture. A. sheep B. dg C. pig
( )5.The _____ has three__. A. bys, watches B. by, watch C. by, watches
( )6.Can yu see _______n the plate? A. bread B. breads C. breades
( )7.The girl ften brushes her_____ befre she ges t bed.
A. tth B. tths C. teeth
( )8.Mr Black ften drink sme _________.A. milk B. milks C.milkes
( )9.There are sme _____n the flr. A. child B. water C. bks
( ) will shw us sme new ____ f hers. A. pht B. phts C. phtes
【拔高】
【练习1】
( ) 1 We have never seen ____ interesting film.
A. such B. such an C. s D. such a
( ) 2 Mrs Smith is ____ friend f __
A. the; mine B. a; me C. the; my D. a; mine
( ) 3 He is___by.
A. a seven-years-ld B. an eight-year-ld
C. the seven-year-ld D. an eight-year-lder
( ) 4 I saw____ accident in the street yesterday.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
( ) 5 Nw he is ___ artist. 1 have knwn him since he was ___ ne-year-ld by.
A. a; an B. a; a C. an; an D. an; a
【课后巩固】
【习题1】用am is are 填空
I ________frm Australia.
She _______ a student.
Jane and Tm _________my friends.
My parents _______very busy every day.
5. ___ Kitty yur new friend? N, my new friend_____ Alice.
6.This ______ a bk.
7.Amy ______ my friend.
8.This _______ Mark.
9. _______yu Kangkang? N, I'm Ga Feng.
10. Hw_______yu? Fine,thank yu
11. This insect ________very small.
12. Wh _______ that by? He_______ Jim.
13. My bks _________in the desk.
14. Hw_______ yur friend? He’ s fine.
15. There _____ sme glasses n it.
16.There ________many mnkeys in the garden.
答案:am is are are Is is is is is Are are are is is is are is are are
【习题2】冠词填空
1____ruler 2 ____apple 3 ____eraser
4_____banana 5____desk 6____chair
7____glass 8____table 9____plate
10_____knife 11____kite 12_____range
课 题
冠词 及 be动词
教学目标
掌握冠词跟be动词的用法
重点、难点
区分a/an的用法以及定冠词用法
考点及考试要求
常以选择题的形式出现
肯定形式
否定形式
I am...
I am nt...
Yu are...
Yu are nt...
He / she / it is ...
He /She /It is nt...
We /yu/they are ...
We/yu/they are nt...
疑问式
简略答语
Am
Yes, I am.
N, I’m nt.
Are
Yes, yu are.
N, yu aren’t.
Is
Yes, he/she/it is.
N, he/she it isn’t.
Are we/ yu/they...?
Yes, we/yu/they are.
N, we/yu/they aren’t.
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