高中人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Space Exploration单元测试一课一练

这是一份高中人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Space Exploration单元测试一课一练，共8页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（满分100，时间60分钟）
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分15分）
A
A ban n turists sitting n Rme’s famus Spanish Steps has divided the capital.
Under new rules, plice have started telling turists they can n lnger sit n the 135 steps, which sweep frm the impsing church f Trinita de’ Mnti dwn t Piazza di Spagna in the heart f the city.
Plice began patrlling the 18th-century marble steps n Tuesday, blwing whistles at thse sitting dwn. The mnument, a Unesc wrld heritage site, has lng been the ideal resting spt fr tired visitrs and hlds a special allure at sunset.
Visitrs wh defy the ban can be fined €250, which increases t €400 if they have dirtied r damaged the stne staircase, which was made famus by the 1953 rmantic cmedy Rman Hliday, starring Gregry Peck and Audrey Hepburn.
The new rules are an attempt t stp turists eating and drinking n the Steps.
But the ban has been cndemned as t stringent. Vittri Sgarbi, a high-prfile art critic and cultural heritage expert, said: “The rule is excessive, almst Fascist. Banning turists frm sitting dwn is really excessive.”
But it was welcmed by business wners in the area.
“This is a small return t civility,” said Gianni Battistni, the president f an assciatin f businesses.
Viviana Di Capua, the head f an assciatin f residents f the histric centre f Rme, said:
“Rme needs t be respected and peple need t understand that nt everything is allwed.”
Davide Sermneta, the head f an assciatin f business wners in the area, said many turists were badly behaved. “They dn’t understand that they are in a city f histry and beauty.”
This fine cmes n the heels f ther recent Italian preservatin effrts: swimming banned in Trevi funtain; Flrence's eating-in-the-streets ban; and s n.
While sme recent mves seem t be a direct attempt t curb verturism, this particular fine is aimed at preservatin actually.
Park benches, sidewalk cafes and terraces welcme tired travelers, encuraging guests t sit and stay awhile.
1. What des the ban include?
A. Turists can’t sit n Rme’s famus Spanish Steps.
B. Turists can’t sit n thse park benches f Rme.
C. Turists can’t sit in thse sidewalk cafes f Rme.
D. Turists can’t watch the beautiful sunset f Rme.
2. What made Spanish Steps famus?
A. The beautiful sunset f the square.B. The cmedy Rman Hliday.
C. The delicius wine and cffee.D. The famus Trevi funtain.
3. Wh is against the ban?
A. Davide SermnetaB. Viviana Di Capua
C. Gianni BattistniD. Vittri Sgarbi
B
It’s a real case f fish ut f water. Blennies (鲇鱼) in the Suth Pacific Ocean are gradually relcating t land t escape their predatrs (捕食者), in an example f evlutin in actin.
Fish first began crawling nt dry land abut 400 millin years ag, kicking ff an evlutinary chain f events that led t humans. But their reasns fr exiting the sea have been uncertain.
T lk fr clues, Terry Ord at the University f New Suth Wales in Australia has been studying several species f blennies at Rartnga, the largest f the Ck Islands.
At lw tide, blennies are cmmnly fund swimming in rck pls arund the edges f the island. But when high tide mves in, they climb up t dry land and mve arund the rcks until the tide retreats.
The researchers fund that this is mst likely t avid predatrs that swim in with the rising tide – mainly bigger fish like linfish.
T test what wuld happen if blennies did nt have an escape plan, they made blenny mdels and sank them in the sea. The mimics ended up with wunds, bite marks and chunks-missing.
Of curse, there are still dangers fr blennies n land, like the ccasinal bird attack, but the predatin risk n land is a third that f underwater.
What’s mre, mving nt land has additinal benefits fr blennies. Hles in the rcks prvide sheltered nests fr laying eggs, and they can maintain their diet f bacteria.
In fact, several species f blenny fish at Rartnga have already made the full transitin t land-dwelling (陆生的) species. They cntinue t breathe with their gills, but have develped strnger tail fins and jump frm rck t rck.
Ord believes that many evlutinary prcesses have been driven by the need t escape predatrs. “It is ften assumed that animals mve hmes t find new surces f fd, but in many cases, escaping predatrs is a strnger mtivatin.” he says.
4. Why d blennies climb t dry land when high tide cmes?
A. T acquire better health.B. T search fr mre fd.
C. T seek safer living cnditins.D. T adapt t a new envirnment.
5. What des the underlined part “The mimics” in Paragraph 6 refer t?
A. The rcks in the water.B. The predatrs f blennies.
C. The researchers f blennies.D. The mdels f blennies.
6. What can be cncluded frm the last paragraph?
A. Ord’s research pens a new view.
B. Ord wnders why animals mve hmes.
C. Ord shws us the benefits f blennies’ evlutin.
D. Ord has discvered hw fish have becme land dwellers.
第二节 （15分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Five steps t make a difference t the ceans
The ceans are being seriusly plluted nw. Plastics are harming the marine (海产的) life. Carbn pllutin is warming the ceans and increasing their acidity(酸度). Waters are being verfished. 1 Here are sme steps we can take t help make a difference.
1. Bring ur wn bags. 2 Try carrying a reusable bag at all times, including while traveling, and bringing ur wn things t wrk t avid relying n plastic items.
2. Talk abut it nw. We shuld carry that cnversatin int public places. Talk t ur friends and family abut why the cean is imprtant and why we take steps t help it, and challenge them t d the same.
3. 3 A gd way t make a difference is t rganize a garbage cleanup nw. Whether it’s an inland cleanup r ne near the cast, plan ne in ur cmmunity.
4. Thrw away ur cars. 4 When we hang ut, we shuld reduce ur carbn ftprint, which may help slw glbal warming and cean acidificatin as well as cnserve energy
5. Recycle, bviusly. Experts say recycling is an bvius actin t take. Check n what can be recycled in ur cmmunity, and make sure yu’re separating ut yur plastic.
In summary, think abut it mre and act n it mre. The mre smene thinks abut plastics and plastics pllutin, the envirnment and the cnsequences f ur actins, the mre likely they are t act n it. 5
A. Plan a cleanup.
B. Chse public transprtatin ver driving ur cars.
C. Driving cars is nt a gd way t prtect the ceans.
D. Hwever, experts say there’s still hpe t make a difference.
E. Hwever, marine life plays a very imprtant rle in the ceans.
F. If everyne can cntribute t the ceans, the ceans will be well preserved.
G. Whenever we put smething, we shuld bring ur wn bag, but nt a plastic ne.
第三部分 语言知识运用（15分）
William Lindesay was brn in Wallasey f England in 1956. He fell in lve with the Great Wall at 11.
"I fell in 1 with it immediately," he said in an interview with China Daily. "I thught it wuld be a great jurney, a great 2 if ne day I culd travel alng it, frm end t end." At 30 William Lindesay began his jurney in 1987. He 3 78 days cvering 2,470 kilmeters. It's an epic 4 frm the far west f China t the pint 5 the structure meets the sea. On ne expeditin ut in the Gbi Desert, the explrer almst 6 frm dehydratin(脱水).
Lindesay is winner f the 1998 Friendship Award and 2008 Beijing Great Wall Friendship Award. He als 7 the Order f the British Empire frm the Queen in 2006 fr his 8 t cultural exchanges between China and Britain.
During his 9 , he nticed sme sectins f the wall were badly 10 and cvered with litter. Mdernizatin and develpment were making the situatin even 11 .
Sme peple say it will take 12 t change; I say we dn't have generatins f time. It's gt t be much quicker." he said.
Lindesay always carries a garbage bag with him in the wilderness, 13 litter alng the way.
The clth 14 bears a set f nine simple guidelines in Chinese, which 15 peple t bserve while 16 r camping utdrs: "Take yur wn garbage hme," "Pick up litter 17 by thers," "Dn't damage plants r flwers, r pick fruit" and lts mre.
"Every persn can make a 18 . If we can get a billin Chinese peple t be 19 , China will be a green, beautiful and 20 cuntry t live in," he said.
1. A. lveB. emtinC. faith D. belief
2. A. campaign B. adventure C. prcedureD. trial
3. A. tk B. cst C. spent D. paid
4. A. way B. apprach C. methd D. jurney
5. A. where B. when C. which D. when
6. A. stpB. helpC. warn D. died
7. A. raisedB. handled C. received D. reprted
8. A. attentin B. cntributin C. cnnectin D. rganizatin
9. A. explratin B. inventin C. additin D. cnsideratin
10. A. hid B. damaged C. exchanged D. distributed
11.A. wrse B. better C. faster D. htter
12. A. functins B. vacatins C. generatins D. questins
13. A. picking B. parkingC. filling D. testing
14. A. hat B. bag C. cat D. vest
15. A. g n B. turn n C. depend n D. calls n
16. A. meetingB. wrkingC. traveling D. practicing
17. A. left B. read C. savedD. mved
18.A. imprtance B. difference C. cnfidence D. absence
19. A. artists B. bilgists C. chemists D. envirnmentalists
20. A. healthy B. wealthy C. nrmalD. tugh
第二节 （满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tiny pieces f plastic have been fund in ice cres drilled in the Arctic by a US-led team f scientists. The grwing frm f pllutin pses t marine life in even the remtest waters n the planet.
The researchers think micrplastics are being blwn abut by winds and then—thrugh mechanisms which are nt 1 (full) understd—transprted lng distances thrugh the atmsphere. The particles are then "washed" ut 2 the atmsphere thrugh rain r snw.
Micrplastics are nt a specific kind f plastic, but rather any type f plastic fragment 3 is less than 5 mm in 4 (lng). They enter natural ecsystems frm a 5 (varius)f surces, including csmetics, clthing, and 6 (industry) prcesses.
7 (glbal), we are ingesting an average f 5 grams f plastic every week, the equivalent f a credit card.
It fund that the average persn cnsumes 8 many as 1,769 particles f plastic every week just by 9 (drink) water—bttled r frm the tap.
Plastic is nt a particularly harmful material, hwever there is the ptential that it des significant harm. Further research is needed int the impact f lng-term plastic expsure. But if micrplastics are shwn t damage human health, it will be very difficult 10 (remve) them frm the envirnment.
The discvery is especially disturbing because, accrding t the study, "the Arctic is still widely cnceived as ne f the last pristine envirnments n the glbe."
第二节 书面表达（满分35分）
假设你是王明，请你写一篇文章，描述你最喜欢的动物，向学校校报投稿。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
人教版新教材高一必修三4单元测试卷答案及解析
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分15分）
A
1. A 细节理解。根据文章第二段内容Under new rules, plice have started telling turists they can n lnger sit n the 135 steps…根据新规定，警方已开始告知游客，他们不能再坐在135级的西班牙台阶上了。可知答案为A。
2. B 细节理解题。 根据文章第四段which was made famus by the 1953 rmantic cmedy Rman Hliday, starring Gregry Peck and Audrey Hepburn. 1953年，格里高利·派克和奥黛丽·赫本主演的浪漫喜剧《罗马假日》使石阶闻名于世。可知答案为B。
3. D 细节理解题。根据文章第六段 But the ban has been cndemned as t stringent. Vittri Sgarbi, a high-prfile art critic and cultural heritage expert, said: “The rule is excessive, almst Fascist. Banning turists frm sitting dwn is really excessive.” 但是一些人谴责这项禁令过于严厉。知名艺术评论家和文化遗产专家维托里奥·斯加比说：“这一禁令太过分了，几乎是法西斯主义。…..但是禁止游客坐在那里实在是太过分了。”可知选D。
B
4. C 细节理解题。由第五段“The researchers fund that this is mst likely t avid predatrs that swim in with the rising tide – mainly bigger fish like linfish.”可知，研究人员发现，这很可能是为了躲避那些随着潮水而来的捕食者——主要是像狮子鱼这样的大鱼。所以为什么鲇鱼在涨潮时爬到陆地上的原因是因为他们寻求更安全的生活条件。故C选项正确。
5. D 推理判断题。由第六段“T test what wuld happen if blennies did nt have an escape plan, they made blenny mdels and sank them in the sea. The mimics ended up with wunds, bite marks and chunks-missing.”可知，为了测试如果鲇鱼模型没有逃生计划会发生什么，他们制作了鲇鱼模型，并把它们沉到海里。这些鲇鱼模型最后留下了伤口、咬痕和大块肉不见了。所以判断出第6段划线部分“The mimics”指的是鲇鱼的模型。故D选项正确。
6. A推理判断题。由最后段“It is ften assumed that animals mve hmes t find new surces f fd, but in many cases, escaping predatrs is a strnger mtivatin.”可知，人们通常认为动物搬家是为了寻找新的食物来源，但在很多情况下，逃离捕食者是更大的动机。所以奥德的观点与人们认为动物搬家是为了寻找新的食物来源不同，他认为逃离捕食者是它们搬家的更大的动机。这样的理论为人们认识动物搬家研究开辟了一个新的视角。所以从最后一段可以得出结论是奥德的研究开辟了一个新的视野。故A选项正确。
第二节 （15分）
1. D 由“The ceans are being seriusly plluted nw. Plastics are harming the marine (海产的) life. Carbn pllutin is warming the ceans and increasing their acidity(酸度). Waters are being verfished. 1 Here are sme steps we can take t help make a difference.”可知，现在海洋受到严重污染。塑料正在伤害海洋生物的生命。碳污染使海洋变暖，增加了它们的酸度。水域被过度捕捞。以下是我们可以采取的一些步骤来帮助做出改变。所以小题1要起到与前面的句子转折的作用，才能够引起下文“以下是我们可以采取的一些步骤来帮助做出改变”。故D选项“然而，专家表示，仍有希望做出改变”符合句意，故D选项正确。
2. G 由小标题“ Bring ur wn bags. ”可知，带上自己的袋子。所以小题2要说明当我们放东西的时候，我们应该自己带包，而不是塑料制成的袋子，在结合空处后面的句子一同来说明。避免塑料袋子能够有效帮助改变海洋环境。故G选项“当我们放东西的时候，我们应该自己带包，而不是塑料袋”符合句意。故G选项正确。
3. A 由“A gd way t make a difference is t rganize a garbage cleanup nw. Whether it’s an inland cleanup r ne near the cast, plan ne in ur cmmunity.”可知，改变现状的一个好方法是现在就组织一次垃圾清理。无论是内陆清理还是海岸附近的清理，在我们的社区里计划一次垃圾清理活动。所以本段主要是围绕着“计划清理垃圾”而展开的也就是本段小标题小题3的内容。故A选项“计划清理垃圾”符合句意。故A选项正确。
4. B 由小标题“ Thrw away ur cars.”可知，不开车。所以小题4要表明用什么样的方式来取代开车，从此达到节能减排的目的。故B选项“选择公共交通而不是开车”符合句意。故B选项正确。
5. F由“The mre smene thinks abut plastics and plastics pllutin, the envirnment and the cnsequences f ur actins, the mre likely they are t act n it.”可知，人们越想塑料和塑料污染，环境和我们行为的后果，他们就越可能采取行动。所以小题5与前一句都是对短文总结的内容。故F选项“如果每个人都能为海洋做出贡献，那么海洋将会得到很好的保护”。故F选项正确。
第三部分 语言知识运用（15分）
1. A 考察动词短语fall in lve with…“爱上”。 A. lve爱；B. emtin情感；C. faith信任； D. belief相信。本句意为：“我立刻就爱上了它，”他在接受《中国日报》采访时表示，“我想，如果有一天我能从头到尾沿着它走一趟，那将是一次伟大的旅行，一次伟大的冒险。”故选A。
2. B考查名词辨析。 A. campaign运动；B. adventure；冒险C. prcedure过程；D. trial实验。本句意为：“我立刻就爱上了它，”他在接受《中国日报》采访时表示，“我想，如果有一天我能从头到尾沿着它走一趟，那将是一次伟大的旅行，一次伟大的冒险。”故选B。
3. C考查动词辨析。A. tk 携带；B. cst 花费，主语为物或事；C. spent(人)花费… D. paid付款。本句意为“他用78天“丈量”了2470公里的长城。”故选C。
4. D 考查名词辨析。 A. way 方法，道路；B. apprach方法，接近；C. methd 方法；D. jurney旅程。本句意为：这是一段史诗般的旅程，始于遥远的中国西部，终于长城与大海交汇的地方。故选D。
5. A考查副词辨析。本句考查定语从句的引导词。此处表示地点，故选A。
6. D 考查动词辨析。A.stp停止；B.help帮助；C.warn警告；D. died死。本句意为：在戈壁沙漠的一次探险中，这位探险家险些死于脱水。故选D。
7.C考查动词辨析。A. raised举起，抬高；B. handled应付，处理；C. received收到；C. reprted报道。本句意为：2006年，他还因对中英文化交流的贡献，被英女王授予大英帝国勋章。故选C。
8. B 考查名词辨析。A. attentin 注意；B. cntributin贡献； C. cnnectin连接，练习；D. rganizatin组织。本句意为：2006年，他还因对中英文化交流的贡献，被英女王授予大英帝国勋章。故选B。
9. A 考查名词辨析。A. explratin 探索；B. inventin发明；C. additin 另外；D. cnsideratin考虑。本句意为：在长城上行走的30多年里，威廉·林赛发现长城受到日益严重的自然风化及人为破坏。故选A。
10. B 考查动词辨析。A. hid 隐藏；B. damaged 破环；C. exchanged 交换；D. distributed分配。本句意为：在他的探险过程中，他注意到长城的部分城段严重受损，被垃圾覆盖。现代化和经济发展使情况更加恶化。故选B。
11. A 考查形容词辨析。A. wrse 更坏的；B. better更好的；C. faster 更快的；D. htter更热的。本句意为：在他的探险过程中，他注意到长城的部分城段严重受损，被垃圾覆盖。现代化和经济发展使情况更加恶化。故选A。
12. C 考查名词辨析。A. functins 作用；B. vacatins 假期；C. generatins一代人； D. questins问题。本句意为：林赛说，“有些人说这需要几代人来改变；而我认为，我们没有几代人的时间，我们必须赶快行动。”故选C。
13. A 考查动词辨析。A. picking 捡，拾；B. parking停车；C. filling装满；D. testing测试。
本句意为：林赛在野外总是随身带着一个垃圾袋，一路边走边捡垃圾。故选A。
14. B 考查名词辨析。A. hat帽子；B. bag 包，口袋；C. cat 外套；D. vest背心。本句意为：这款布袋上写着9条简单的中文准则，呼吁人们在旅游或露营时遵守这些准则。故选B。
15. D 考查动词短语辨析。A. g n 继续；B. turn n打开； C. depend n 依赖；D. calls n号召。本句意为：这款布袋上写着9条简单的中文准则，呼吁人们在旅游或露营时遵守这些准则。故选D。
16. C考查动词辨析。A. meeting遇到；B. wrking工作；C. traveling旅行；D. practicing实践。本句意为：这款布袋上写着9条简单的中文准则，呼吁人们在旅游或露营时遵守这些准则。故选C。
17. A考查动词辨析。A. left 剩下的；B. read阅读；C. saved救；D. mved 移动。本句意为：“把自己的垃圾带回家”、“捡起别人留下的垃圾”、“不要破坏花草，不要摘水果”等等。
故选A。
18. B 考查动词短语make a difference 有影响。A. imprtance 重要性；B. difference不同； C. cnfidence信心； D. absence缺席。本句意为：每个人都能做出改变。故选B。
19. D 考查名词辨析。A. artists艺术家；B. bilgists生物学家；C. chemists 化学家；D. envirnmentalists环保主义者。本句意为：如果我们能号召10亿中国人成为环保主义者，那么中国将变成一个绿色、美丽、健康的国家。故选D。
20. A 考查形容词辨析。A. healthy 健康的；B. wealthy富有的；C. nrmal正常的；D. tugh艰难的。本句意为：如果我们能号召10亿中国人成为环保主义者，那么中国将变成一个绿色、美丽、健康的国家。故选A。
第二节 （满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
【答案】1. fully 2. f 3. that 4. length 5. variety
6. industrial 7. Glbally 8. as 9. drinking 10. t remve
第二节 书面表达（满分35分）
One pssible versin:
There are varius animals in ur wrld. Sme peple like mnkeys, sme peple like dgs, and sme peple like cats, but I like rabbits best, because I think the rabbit is very lvely!
The rabbit has tw lng ears, tw red and small eyes, and a small nse. And it has a different muth. It lks very small and lvely. The rabbit likes eating carrts and glass. It likes running and jumping, and the rabbit runs very fast.
Mst imprtantly, they can make peple feel better. I have tw rabbits. When I am wrried r afraid, they culd cmfrt me. They have becme my friends. They are very imprtant t me and I lve them.