译林版小学英语语法:毕业语法复习课件
展开冠词名词代词形容词副词数词
介词Can句型There be 句型动词时态
1、基本用法:不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”,“那”,“这些”,“那些”的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词a或an,表示泛指。再次提到某人或某物时,用定冠词the,特指上文提到的人、事或物。如:There is a pen and a pencil in my pencil-case. The pen is red and the pencil is black.
不定冠词: a, an 定冠词: the
2、A与an 的用法区别: a用于辅音音素前(辅音音素指的是发音,不是指辅音字母),如:a university student 而an则用于元音音素前(不是元音字母),如:an egg, an range, an nin.
1) [i:] sea 2) [i] sit 3) [e] bed 4) [ ae] bad 5) [a:] car 6) [כ] ht, want 7) [ כ:] dr 8) [u:] gd 9) [u] lk 10) [∧] cup 11) [ ə:] girl 12) [ə ]Saturday 13) [ei] cake 14) [ai] bike 15) [əu ] cld 16) [au] huse 17) [כi ] by 18) [iə ] dear 19) [ ə ] care 20) [ uə] tur
3、定冠词与零冠词的用法区别:在序数词和形容词的最高级前面用the,如:The library is n the first flr. Summer is the httest seasn f the year.在乐器名词前用the, 表示演奏,如:play the pian, play the vilin, play the guitar等。在球类、三餐前通常不用冠词,如:play ftball, play baseball, eat lunch, eat dinner等。在月份、星期、季节等名词的前面通常不用冠词,如:in Jan., n Mnday, in summer等。
Gilbert is ________ Italian taxi driver. 2. She is _______ husewife. 3. I'm ________ English. 4. He's ________ American pliceman. 5. He likes ______ bk in his shelf. 6. Rbert is ________ engineer. 7. He is playing ________ vilin. 8. He is playing ______ ftball. 9. Sphie is n ________ secnd flr. 10. She will cme back n ____ Mnday.
名词复数形式的规则变化:
名词复数形式的特殊变化:1. 改变中间元音字母,如: man---men wman---wmen ft---feet gse---geese tth---teeth 2. 词尾发生变化,如: child---children 3. 单、复数形式相同,如: fish---fish ,sheep---sheep ,deer---deer
名词所有格(1)表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式,一般用’s表示。一般在单数名词的词尾加’s,如:Chen Jie’s mther. 以s结尾的复数名词只加’,不以s结尾的复数名词要加’s, 如:The students’ bags The children’s presents(2)表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人名字后加’s,如果表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加’s。 如:Jim and Mike's rm (共用)的房间, Jim's and Mike's rms(各自)的房间(3)表示无生命的事物的所有格形式:名词+f+所有者,如:a picture f my rm
写出下列各词的复数 I ____ him ____ this _____ her ______ child _____ pht ____ diary____ day_____ ft____ bk____ dress_____ tth_______ sheep ______ bx_____ peach______ man_____ wman_____ paper_______ juice______ water________ milk_______
This is _______________ class. (Amy 和 Mike的)They are _______________ classes.女人的裙子:_____________警察的的帽子:____________
人称代词物主代词指示代词
He is taller than me.
Her hair is lnger than mine.
形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的区别:
如果名词前用了形容词性物主代词,就不能再用冠词(a, an, the)、指示代词(this, that, these, thse)等修饰词了。例如: 这是他的书桌。This is his desk.
与形容词一起修饰名词时,形容词性物主代词要放在形容词的前面。如:his English bks他的英语书,their Chinese friends他们的中国朋友。
It's a bird. Its name is Plly.
它是一只鸟。它的名字叫波利。
He's a student. His mther is a teacher.
this/these指空间上较近的事物; that/thse 指空间上较远的事物。
从括号内选择正确的代词填空 1. Yur ftball clthes are n the desk. Please put _________(they,them,their,theirs) away. 2. (We,Us,Our,Ours)_________ English teacher is Mrs. Green. We all like _________(she,her,hers). 3. (I,Me,My,Mine)_________ can’t get my kite. Culd yu help _________(I,me,my,mine)? 4. Tm can’t get dwn frm the tree. Can yu help _________(he,him,his)? 5. We can’t find ur bikes.Can yu help _________(we,us,ur,urs)? 6. ______(This, these) are _________(he,him,his) planes. The white nes are _________(I,me,mine).
1、形容词的比较级: A + be动词+形容词比较级+ than +B形容词比较级的变化规则:① 一般在词尾加- er ,如:tall -- taller , strng -- strnger.② 以不发音的e结尾时加-r ,如:fine -- finer, late--later.③ 以辅音字母加-y结尾时,先改y为i再加-er, 如:funny-- funnier, heavy--heavier.④ 以重读闭音节结尾并且词末只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的字母再加-er,如:big--bigger, thin--thinner, ht-- htter
Yu are taller than yur mther.
2. 副词可以分为:时间副词,如:nw, yesterday, tday等;频度副词,如:ften, usually, never, smetimes, always等;程度副词,如:very, t, much, s等。
Yesterday, the day befre yesterday, 3 days ag, last Mnday, last weekend, last night, last mnth, last year, just nw, n my hliday, yesterday mrning /afternn/ evening/.
1. My brther is tw years __________(ld)than me. 2. Tm is as ________(fat) as Jim. 3. Is yur sister __________(yung) than yu? Yes,she is.4. Wh is ___________(thin),yu r Helen? 5. Mary’s hair is as __________(lng) as Lucy’s. 7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than sme f the bys in his class. 6.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she).. 7.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant r the pig? 8.Wh gets up _________(early),Tim r Tm?
基数词:表示数目(多少)的数词。
OneTw ThreeFurFive SixSevenEightNineTen
ElevenTwelveThirteenFurteenFifteenSixteenSeventeenEighteenNineteen Twenty
Twenty-neTwenty-twThirtyFrtyFiftySixtySeventyEightyNinety A hundred
年龄和时间的表达用基数词。
Learn these numbers and find ut the rules:一起找规律
1st first2nd secnd3rd third4th furth5th 6th7th8th eighth9th ninth10th
11th eleventh 12th twelfth13th 14th 15th 16th17th18th 19th 20th twentieth
seventeenth
21st twenty-first 22nd twenty-secnd23rd twenty-third24th 25th 26th27th28th 29th 30th thirtieth31st thirty-first
twenty-furth
twenty-fifth
twenty-sixth
twenty-seventh
twenty-eighth
twenty-ninth
注意:序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词the。
日期用序数词表示,前面可加the,也可以省略。
基变序,有规律, 一、二、三单独记。-th ,四加起, 八去t来、 九去 e 。遇到ve, f 替, -ty变为 tie,后跟th莫迟疑。 若想表示几十几,只变个位就可以。
1、把下列基数词变为序数词。tw_ three_ nine_ twelve_ twenty_ eight_five_ thirty-ne_
2、按要求变换句子。1、My birthday is n August furth(对划线部分提问) is birthday?2、Nick is thirteen(提问)________ _________ is Nick?3、My birthday is n January 10th.(一般疑问句并做否定回答) _____ _______ birthday n January 10th? N,______ _______
Hw ld
thirty-first
it isn’t
Say the mnths
January ['dænjuəri] February ['februəri] March [mɑ:tʃ] April ['eiprəl] May [mei] June [dʒu:n]
July [dʒu:'lai] August ['ɔ:gəst] September [sep'tembə] Octber [ɔk'təubə] Nvember [nəu'vembə] December [di'sembə]
Spring Festival (春节)is in _________ r _______. Tree Planting Day (植树节)is in _______.Mther’s Day is in ______. Natinal Day (国庆节)is in ________. Teachers’ Day is in ____________.
January February
Christmas Day(圣诞节) is in _________. April Fl’s Day (愚人节)is in ________. Children’s Day (儿童节) is in ________. Students have summer hliday(暑假) in _____ and _____.Thanksgiving(感恩节) is in _________.
2、年月日的表达 句型:When is yur birthday/ New Year’s Day/…? What’s the date? 年:先读前两位,再读后两位,用基数词表示。in 1973 月:缩写形式,首字母要大写。in Sept. *日:一般用序数词表示。n June the first, 2013 (n June 1st, 2013)
3、时间的表达直接读出数字,先读小时,再读分钟半点或半点以内, 用past: 7:05 five past seven 超过半小时,接近整点时, 用t: 4:50 ten t five一刻钟用a quarter:9:15 a quarter past nine
He gets t schl at a quater t nine.
1、时间介词:at, in, n, befre, after, ... at, in, n在表示时间时的区别: 年用in, 月用in, 季节前面也用in, 上午下午还用in. 日子前面要用n, 若是遇到了时刻,就用at加前面。
2、方位介词:n, in, under, behind, in frnt f, near, ver. n, ver在表示位置上的区别: n表示在上面,强调两个物体相接触。 如:There is a bk n the desk. ver表示垂直在上的正上方,两个物体表面没有接触。 如:There is a bridge ver the river.
(一)基本用法:1. 表示体力或脑力方面的能力,意为“能;会”等。 例如:I can d the dishes. I can swim. 2. 表示请求或允许,多用在口语中,意为“可以;能”等。用于疑问句中用来提出要求,用于否定句表示不允许。例如:Can I help yu? Yu can’t play basketball. Can yu...?“请你……好吗?”表示说话人的请求;Can I...?“我可以……吗?”用来征求对方是否允许自己做某事。如:Can I wear my T-shirt tday?
一、改错。( )1 We can help she . ________ ( ) 2 She can’t washes the clthes . __________ ( ) 3 What can the cat des ? ____________ ( ) 4 Can yu eat thse beef? N, I can . _________二、填空。She ______ ______ ______ ________( 不会打扫房间).My mther ________ ck the meals .(我妈妈会做饭)。 (她姐姐会说英语。) Her sister_______ speak English . 5 (你会唱歌吗?) ______ ______ sing ?
八、There be 结构
意义:表示在某地有某物(或人)
主语是单数,be 动词用is; 主语是复数,be 动词用are; 如果有几件物品,be 动词根据最接近be的那个名词决定,简称“就近原则”。如: There is a pencil-case and three bks in my schlbag. There are three bks and a pencil-case in my schlbag.
句式:否定句在be 动词后加nt , 一般疑问句把be 动词放句首。
与have (has) 的区别:there be表示在某地有某物(或人);have (has) 表示某人拥有某物,二者不能同时出现在句子中。
sme 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:sme 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句或疑问句。
用恰当的be动词填空。1、There a lt f sweets in the bx. 2、There sme milk in the glass. 3、There sme peple under the the big tree.4、There a picture and 4 maps n the wall.5、There lts f flwers in ur garden last year.6、There a tin f chicken behind the fridge yesterday. 7、There fur cups f cffee n the table.( )8.There___ nt ____ milk in the cup n the table . A. are, many B. are , much C. is ,many D. is ,much
第三人称单数变化规则:
原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed:
play watch wash clean visit ck walk jump return learn climb ski rw relax
2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted dance- danced, prepare- prepared3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stp-stpped, trip- tripped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied
不规则动词单独记: d—did, g—went, read—read , sing-sang, eat—ate, take—tk, have—had, buy—bught, see—saw, get-gt, is—was, are—were, leave—left, swim—swam, fly—flew, cme—came
补充:不规则动词的过去式(认知版)
d- did am/is- was are- were have- had read – readput--putwrite--wrte buy- bught g- went win- wn
eat- ate swim- swam see- saw sing- sang take- tk say —said get ---gt cme-- camerun--ran make-- made fly-- flew draw--drew
(一)意义:表示经常发生的事情、动作或存在的状态(二)构成及变化:
(三)时间标志:常与频度副词连用, 如: always, usually, ften, smetimes,never…
(一)意义:当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。(二)构成:be动词(am, is ,are) +动词-ing形式(三)时间标志:nw,句前一般有lk, listen等词。
(一)意义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来某个时间经常或重复发生的动作。(二)构成:be ging t+动词原形: 表示打算、计划、准备做的事或可能将要发生的事情。will+动词原形: 表示将要发生的动作或情况,没有太多的计划性,还用来表示意愿。(三)时间标志:常与表示将来的时间状语连用:tmrrw, sn, next week/ mnth/ year, this mrning/ afternn/ evening …
(一)意义:表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在 的状态。(二)构成:由be动词、行为动词的过去式构成。(三)时间标志:常与表示过去的时间状语连用:yesterday, yesterday mrning /afternn/ evening/…, last night /week /mnth/ year…,a mment ag , a week ag, three years ag,just nw…
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