高考英语语法第28讲：阅读高分突破7：结构题的秘密

这是一份高考英语语法第28讲：阅读高分突破7：结构题的秘密，共8页。
【2012北京卷】
D
Wilderness
"In wilderness(荒野) is the preservatin f the wrld." This is a famus saying frm a writer regarded as ne f the fathers f envirnmentalism. The frequency with which it is brrwed mirrrs a heated debate n envirnmental prtectin: whether t place wilderness at the heart f what is t be preserved.
As Jhn Sauven f Greenpeace UK pints ut, there is a strng appeal in images f the wild, the untuched; mre than anything else, they speak f the nature that many peple value mst dearly. The urge t leave the subject f such images untuched is strng, and the danger explitatin(开发) brings t such landscapes(景观) is real. Sme f these wildernesses als perfrm functins that humans need-the rainfrests, fr example, stre carbn in vast quantities. T Mr.Sauven, these "ecsystem services" far utweigh the gains frm explitatin.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellw at the Hudsn Institute, takes the ppsing view. He acknwledges that wildernesses d prvide useful services, such as water cnservatin. But that is nt, he argues, a reasn t avid all human presence, r indeed cmmercial and industrial explitatin. There are ever mre peple n the Earth, and they reasnably and rightfully want t have better lives, rather than merely struggle fr survival. While the ways f using resurces have imprved, there is still a grwing need fr raw materials, and sme wildernesses cntain them in abundance. If they can be tapped withut reducing the services thse wildernesses prvide, the argument ges, there is n further reasn nt t d s. Being untuched is nt, in itself, a characteristic wrth valuing abve all thers.
I lk frwards t seeing these views taken further, and t their being challenged by the ther participants. One challenge that suggests itself t me is that bth cases need t take n the questin f spiritual value a little mre directly. And there is a practical questin as t whether wildernesses can be explited withut harm.
This is a tpic that calls fr nt nly free expressin f feelings, but als the guidance f reasn. What psitin wilderness shuld enjy in the preservatin f the wrld bviusly deserves much mre serius thinking.
67. Jhn Sauven hlds that_____.
A. many peple value nature t much
B. explitatin f wildernesses is harmful
C. wildernesses prvide humans with necessities
D. the urge t develp the ecsystem services is strng
68. What is the main idea f Para. 3?
A. The explitatin is necessary fr the pr peple.
B. Wildernesses cannt guarantee better use f raw materials.
C. Useful services f wildernesses are nt the reasn fr n explitatin.
D. All the characteristics cncerning the explitatin shuld be treated equally.
69. What is the authr's attitude twards this debate?
A. Objective. B. Disapprving.
C. Sceptical. D. Optimistic.
70. Which f the fllwing shws the structure f the passage?
CP: Central Pint P: Pint Sp: Sub-pint(次要点) C: Cnclusin
解析：
67. B细节综合题，第二段these "ecsystem services" far utweigh the gains frm explitatin.
68. C段落大意题，根据题干定位到第三段
69. A作者态度题，根据最后两段的首句就可以看出作者的态度还是比较客观的
70. D文章结构题，根据每段主旨推出
【2005江苏卷】
E
The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century befre: changes fr the better,
changes fr the wrse; changes that brught a lt f benefits t human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my pinin, the mst imprtant was the prgress in science.
Scientific research in physics and bilgy has vastly bradened ur views. It has given us a deeper knwledge f the structure f matter and f the universe; it has brught us a better understanding f the nature f life and f its cntinuus develpment. Technlgy m the applicatin f science m has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part f life.
The cntinuatin f such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages t human beings: in pure science -- a wider and deeper knwledge in all fields f learning; in applied science -- a mre reasnable sharing f material benefits, and better prtectin f the envirnment.
Sadly, hwever, there is anther side t the picture. The creativity f science has been emplyed in ding damage t mankind. The applicatin f science and technlgy t the develpment and prductin f weapns f mass destructin has created a real danger t the cntinued existence f the human race n this planet. We have seen this happen in the case f nuclear weapns, Althugh their actual use has s far ccurred nly in the Secnd Wrld War, the number f nuclear weapns that were prduced and made ready fr use was s large that if the weapns had actually been used, the result culd have been the ruin f the human race, as well as f many kinds f animals.
William Shakespeare said, “The web f ur life is f a mingled yarn (纱线), gd and ill tgether.” The abve brief review f the applicatin f nly ne part f human activities----- science seems t prve what Shakespeare said. But des it have t be s? Must the ill always g tgether with the gd? Are we bilgically prgrammed fr war?
72. Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage?
A. B. C. D.

73.Frm the furth paragraph, we can infer that________.
A. a great many nuclear weapns were actually used fr war
B. a large number f nuclear weapns shuld have been used fr war
C. the authr is dubtful abut the ruin f human beings by nuclear weapns
D. the authr is anxius abut the huge number f nuclear weapns n the earth
74.The underlined wrd "mingled" in the last paragraph mst prbably means________.
A. simple B. mixed C. sad D. happy
75.What d yu think the authr is mst likely t suggest if he cntinues t write?
A. Further applicatin f science t war.
B. Mre reading f William Shakespeare.
C. Prper use f science in the new century.
D. Effective ways t separate the gd frm the ill.
解析：
72. A。考查考生对文章整体结构的把握能力。综观全文，第一段引出话题，第二和第三段讲述科学上的进步给人类带来的好处(gd)，而第三段则讲述了科学上的进步给人类带来的伤害（ill），第五段对全文进行了概括总结。
73. D。考查考生的逻辑推理判断能力。从本段可以推断出作者认为大量核武器的生产和准备投入使用将会给人类和地球上很多动物带来灭顶之灾，作者对此感到担忧。
74. B。考查考生猜测词义的能力。根据下文的gd and ill tgether（好坏并存）进行猜测。
75. C。考查考生领会作者写作臆态并进行推理判断的能力。
试题解析：通过文章结尾的三个反问句可以看出作者在此问题上的观点，即如果人们正确的运用科学，它只会给人类带来好处，不一定会带来害处。据此，接下来作者必然围绕如何正确运用科学这一话题来展开。
【2009年福建卷】
B
Freign drivers will have a pay n-the-spt fines f up t ￡900 fr breaking the traffic law t be carried ur next mnth.
If they d nt have enugh cash r a wrking credit card, their vehicles will clamped（扣留）until they pay and they will face an additinal fee f &80 fr getting back their vehicles .
The law will als apply t British citizens ,The fines will be described fficially as “depsits” when the traffic law take effect ,takes effect ,because the mney wuld be returned if the driver went t curt and was fund nt guilty ,In practice, very few freign drives are likely t return t Britain t deal with their eases.
Freign drivers are rarely charged because plice cannt take actin against them if they fail t appear in curt, Instead, fficers ften merely give warnings.
Three millin freign-registered vehicles enter Britain each year . Plish vehicles s make up 36 percent, French vehicles 10 percent and German vehicles 9 percent.
Freign vehicles are 30 percent mre likely tpe in a crash than British-registered vehicles .The number f crashes caused by freign vehicles rse by 47 percent between 2003 and 2008 .there were almst 400 deaths and serius injuries and 3,000 slight injuries frm accidents caused by freign vehicles in 2008.
The new law is partly intended t settle the prblem f freign lrry drivers ignring limits n weight and hurs at the wheel .Freign lrries are thre times mre likely t be in a crash than British Lrries. Recent spt checks fund that three quarters f Lrries that failed safety teats were registered verseas.
The standard depsit fr a careless driving ffence —such as driving t clse t the vehicle in frnt r reading a map at the wheel—will be ￡300. Depsits fr speeding ffences and using mbile phnes will be ￡60. Freign drivers will nt get pints as punishment added t their licenses, while British drivers will.
60. The first paragraph serves as a（n）
A. explanatin B. intrductin C. cmment D. backgrund.
61. The freign drivers wh break the traffic law and d nt pay n the spt are likely t be frted up t .
A. ￡60 B. ￡300 C. ￡900 D. ￡980
62. We can learn frm the passage that .
A. many freign drivers have been fined by Britain plice
B. 300,000 German vehicles enter Britain every year
C. 25 percent f freign vehicles entering Britain have failed safety tests
D. British drivers will be punished with pints and fines fr breaking the traffic law
63. The new traffic law is mainly intended t .
A. limit the number f freign vehicles entering Britain
B. increase the British mvement’s additinal incme
C. lwer the rate f traffic accidents and injuries
D. get freign drives t appear in cunt
参考答案：BDDC
【2009年福建卷】
D
Find Which Directin Is Suth
D yu have a gd sense f directin? If nt, please take with yu a cmpass. But if yu frget t take a cmpass, yu can still find yur way.
It’s never a gd idea t imagine that the family member wh was entrusted（委托）with the jb f map-reading actually knws where the family is. Yu can tell by the slightly cnfused lad n their faces that nthing n the grund seems t match the map. Never mind. The sun is shining and it’s still mrning. If yu dn’t knw the exact time, yu can still find ut where suth is, but yu’ll need t be patient.
①Find a straight sick and put it in the grund in a place where yu can mark its shadw.
②Try t psitin the stick as vertically（垂直）as yu can. Yu can check this by making a simple plumb line （铅锤线）with a piece f string and weight. Yu haven’t gt any string? OK, use a thread frm yur clthes with a buttn tied at the end t act as a weight.
③Mark the end f the shadw cast by the stick.
④Wait apprximately half an hur and mark the end f the shadw again.
⑤Keep ding this until yu have made several marks.
⑥The mark nearest the stick will represent the shrtest shadw, which is cast at midday, when the sun is highest in the sky and pinting t the exact suth.
⑦Pick a pint in the distance alng the line between the shrtest shadw and the stick.
⑧That pint is suth f where yu are.
⑨Nw yu can turn the map, like yu did befre, and find which way yu shuld be travelling.
68. T find the directin, we ught t be patient prbably because
A. it is nt easy t find a prper stick B. it is nt easy t psitin the stick
C. it takes hurs t make the marks D. it takes abut half an hur t make the marks
69. The passage wuld prbably be mst helpful t .
A. thse wh draw maps B. thse wh get lst
C. thse wh make cmpasses D. thse wh d experiments
70. Which f the fllwing pictures best shws the way f finding the directin f suth?
71. The authr presents this passage by .
A. telling an interesting stry B. describing an activity in a lively way
C. testing an idea by reasning D. intrducing a practical methd
参考答案：CBAD