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高考英语语法复习课件【10】第十讲 名词性从句
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这是一份高考英语语法复习课件【10】第十讲 名词性从句,共36页。PPT课件主要包含了同位语,名词性从句,注意点,For +名词,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,appositive,object等内容,欢迎下载使用。
一.related cnceptin (相关概念)
表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。
2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?
名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
The by is li Ming.
Mr. Liang , a 24-year-ld by, teaches us English .
在英语的句子结构中,本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语,由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。
3.什么是名词性从句?
主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)
宾语从句 ( The Object Clause)
表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause)
同位语从句 ( The Appsitive Clause)
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词that (that 不可省略), whether; 连接代词有wh, what ,which;连接副词 when ,where, hw, why 等.如:
1).连接词: that, whether
He is a famus singer.It is knwn t us.
1.That he is a famus singer is knwn t us.(It is knwn t us that he is a famus singer.)
Will we visit the Great Wall tmrrw?
It has nt been decided.
Whether we will visit the Great Wall has nt been decide.
He will win the game.
It is certain.
Will he win the game?
It is nt certain.
That he will win the game is certain.
It is certain that he will win the game.
Whether he will the game is nt certain.
2).连接代词: wh, whm, whse, what, which, whever,whatever, whichever
Whse bag is it ?It can`t be tld.
Whse bag it is can`t be tld.
What des he need?It is mney.
What he needs is mney.
无论你刚才说什么都是对的.
Whatever yu said is all right.
3).连接副词: when, where, why, hw, hw many, hw much hw lng, hw sn, hw ften
When will we start tmrrw?It will be tld sn.
When we will start tmrrw will be tld sn.
我们将怎样制定计划已经被老师解释清楚了.
Hw we will make the plan has been explained clearly by the teacher.
为什么他来这里还是不被人所知道.
Why he cmes here is nt knwn.
1.为什么有时侯用that, whether,有时侯用连接代词 , 或着有时候用连接副词?
2.它的语序有没有变化?
1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓 语在后.
2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,起引导作用, 不作任何成分,但不能省略.
When will he cme is nt knwn.
When he will cme is nt knwn.
He will nt cme t the meeting this evening is true.
That he will nt cme t the meeting this evening is true.
但是 what is the matter 和 what is wrng 不可改变语序
3).whether可以引导主语从句 解释为”是否”,但if不能.
4). whatever, 等可引导主语从句, 但n matter wh, n matter what 只能引导让步状语从句.
5). it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例: It is well knwn/reprted/thught/said/… that… It is clear/necessary/certain/true/dubtful/… that… It is a pity/a shame/an hnur/… that… It desn’t matter whether…/It seems that… It happens that 注意 It is necessary 、 a pity 、strange、 imprtant that shuld +
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is + 名词 + 从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an hnr that …非常荣幸 It is cmmn knwledge that …是常识(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是…(3) It + 不及物动词 + 从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… It appears that… 似乎…(4) It +is 过去分词 + 从句 It is reprted that… 据报道… It has been prved that… 已证实… It is said that… 据说…
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用wh/whm。例如: It is a pity that yu didn’t g t see the film. It desn’t interest me whether yu succeed r nt. It is in the mrning that the murder tk place. It is Jhn that brke the windw.
4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: 1) What yu said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a cnslatin.
It is right what yu said yesterday.
It is a cnslatin that she is still alive.
We believe (that) he is hnest.I tld him (that) I wuld cme back sn.He said (that)he wuld g there the next day and that his family wuldn’t g there
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,放在实义动词或介词的后面.引导词有连词that (that 常可省略),whether, if; 代词有wh, whse,what ,which; 副词有when ,where, hw, why 等.如:
1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.
2).引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数 情况下可以省略.
3).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句
但: (1).当whether后紧跟r nt时,不用if.
(2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.
例: I wrry abut whether I hurt her feeling.
1.宾语从句的引导词: 宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.
例: I dn’t knw whether I will stay r nt.
3.放句首,解释为“是否”
Whether she will g hme is nt unknwn.
4.表语从句解释为” 是否“ 用whether
The questin is whether we can cllect enugh mney.
4).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留
(1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.
例: We must make it clear that we say what we mean
(2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第一个that 可以省略,第二that不能省.
He tld me (that) he wuld cme and that he wuld cme n time.
表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语,常放在be动词的后面. 引导词有连词that (that 不可省略),whether; 代词有wh, what ,which;副词 when ,where, hw, why 等.如:
The prblem is that we didn’t get in tuch with him.This is hw Henry slved the prblem. His suggestin is that we (shuld) finish the wrk at nce.
如果句子的主语是suggestin,advice.rder等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用shuld+动词原形,shuld可省略.
1). 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.
2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.
3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.
What many peple are wrried abut is whether we will be able t build a better future.
The reasn why he was late this mrning is because that there was a lt f traffic n the rad.
The reasn why + 句子 be that + 从句.
今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.
The reasn why he was late this mrning is that there was a lt f traffic n the rad.
或 This / it /that/ is because + 从句…等句型.
He was late this mrning. That was because there was a lt f traffic n the rad.
同位语从句 在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词 fact , news , idea , prmise, thught , suggestin 等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连词 that ;少数情况下也可用连接副词hw when where 等.如 :
1.The thught that we might succeed excited idea that they shuld try a secnd time is wrth suggestin that the plan (shuld) be delayed will be discussed tmrrw.
名词suggestin,advice.rder等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用shuld+动词原形,shuld可省略.
4.I have n idea when he will be back.
注意1.that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有:idea, fact, news, belief, thught, dubt, suggestin, prf, message, rder, cnclusin, desire, thery, truth, wrd, hpe, infrmatin等.
2.that 在从句中只是起引导作用, 不作任何成分.
1.When we will start is nt Black wn’t believe that her sn has becme a thief.3. My idea is that we shuld d it right nw.4.I had n idea that yu were her friend.
I 名词性从句的种类
一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处
1、两种从句都可以译成定语 e.g.
The news that ur team has wn the final match is encuraging. (同位语从句)我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that yu tld us is really encuraging.(定语从句)你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。
2、两种从句都可以用that引导 e.g.
The suggestin that students shuld learn smething practical is wrth cnsidering. (同位语从句)学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。The suggestin that is wrth cnsidering is that the students shuld learn smething practical.(定语从句)值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。
二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处
1、从句的作用不同:同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容;定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。
e.g. The news that ur team has wn the final match is encuraging. (从句说明“消息”的内容:我们队取得了决赛胜利。)The news that yu tld us is really encuraging.(从句对“消息”加以限定:是你告诉我们的,而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。)
2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同:that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。
e.g.1) Dad made a prmise that he wuld buy me CD player if I passed the English test. (that 不充当任何成分) 2) Dad made a prmise that excited all his children.(that指代prmise,又在从句中充当主语。)
Tell the functin f the fllwing sentences. a.subject b. bject c. predicative d. appsitive(同位语)
1.The idea that England stands fr Fish& Chips,Speakers’ Crner ,Big Ben and the Twer f Lndn is fact that Great Britain is made up f three cuntries is still unknwn t result f s much French influence was that the English language ended up with many French wrds such as table, animal and peple feel that Wales is an ancient fairy mst f these are nw threatened and may disappear is a serius matter t the peple in realise that it is f great value t recrd and teach them t the yunger generatin.
predicative
Tell the difference
1.The news that the plane wuld take ff n time made everybdy news that is spreading arund the airprt is that a heavy strm is cming.
3.The suggestin that students shuld learn smething practical is wrth suggestin that they are cnsidering is that students shuld learn smething practical.
NC---Appsitive
NC---Predicative
I. Tell the functin f the clauses in the fllwing sentences 说出下列从句的功能:A: Appsitive(同位语); B: Attributive(定语)
His prpsal that we g there n ft is acceptable.Many teachers hld the view that teenagers shuld nt spend t much time first request that he made was t ask fr freedm.4. D yu have any idea where we will be sent?5. Is this the cmpany where yur father wrks?6. This is the reasn that he gave fr his absence.7. He made an excuse that his car brke dwn n the way.
II. Chse the best answer
1.They expressed the hpe ___they wuld cme ver t China. A. which B. that C. whm D. when2.The fact___ he didn’t see Tm yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3.I have n idea ____he will cme back.A. where B. when C. what D. that
4.The news ___ surprised everybdy yesterday nw prves t be false. A. that B. when C. what D. hw 5.One f the men held the view ___ the bk said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6.Wrd has cme ___ sme American guests will cme fr a visit t ur cllege next week.A. what B. whether c. that D. which
1.The phtgraphs will shw yu ____ . A. what des ur village lk like B. what ur village lks like C. hw des ur village lk like D. hw ur village lks like
2.He asked____fr a vilin. A. did I pay hw much B. I paid hw much C. hw much did I pay D. hw much I paid
1.The questin is ____the film is wrth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. hw 2.They received rders _____ the wrk be dne at nce. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reasn ____ I have t g is ____ my mther is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because4. ___ I can’t understand is ___ she wants t change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; hw C. That; why D. What; because5. ____ his dream f ging t cllege will cme true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if6. It is knwn t us ___ where there is pllutin, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that7. I have the infrmatin ____. A. f what he’ll cme sn B. that he’ll cme sn C. f that he’ll cme sn D. his cming sn
8. --- I saw yur neighbr break yur windw with a basketball. --- ____ it made me nearly mad. A. That he brke B. What he brke C. He brke D. His break9.It remains a questin ____ we can get s much mney in such a shrt time. A.hw B. that C. when D. what10.--- Can I help yu? --- Yes, d yu knw ____? A. when cmes the bus B. when will cme the bus C. when des the bus cme D. when the bus cmes11. He made a prmise ___ anyne set him free he wuld make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if12. They lst their way in the frest and ____ made matters wrse was ___ night began t fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what
一.related cnceptin (相关概念)
表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。
2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?
名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
The by is li Ming.
Mr. Liang , a 24-year-ld by, teaches us English .
在英语的句子结构中,本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语,由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。
3.什么是名词性从句?
主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)
宾语从句 ( The Object Clause)
表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause)
同位语从句 ( The Appsitive Clause)
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词that (that 不可省略), whether; 连接代词有wh, what ,which;连接副词 when ,where, hw, why 等.如:
1).连接词: that, whether
He is a famus singer.It is knwn t us.
1.That he is a famus singer is knwn t us.(It is knwn t us that he is a famus singer.)
Will we visit the Great Wall tmrrw?
It has nt been decided.
Whether we will visit the Great Wall has nt been decide.
He will win the game.
It is certain.
Will he win the game?
It is nt certain.
That he will win the game is certain.
It is certain that he will win the game.
Whether he will the game is nt certain.
2).连接代词: wh, whm, whse, what, which, whever,whatever, whichever
Whse bag is it ?It can`t be tld.
Whse bag it is can`t be tld.
What des he need?It is mney.
What he needs is mney.
无论你刚才说什么都是对的.
Whatever yu said is all right.
3).连接副词: when, where, why, hw, hw many, hw much hw lng, hw sn, hw ften
When will we start tmrrw?It will be tld sn.
When we will start tmrrw will be tld sn.
我们将怎样制定计划已经被老师解释清楚了.
Hw we will make the plan has been explained clearly by the teacher.
为什么他来这里还是不被人所知道.
Why he cmes here is nt knwn.
1.为什么有时侯用that, whether,有时侯用连接代词 , 或着有时候用连接副词?
2.它的语序有没有变化?
1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓 语在后.
2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,起引导作用, 不作任何成分,但不能省略.
When will he cme is nt knwn.
When he will cme is nt knwn.
He will nt cme t the meeting this evening is true.
That he will nt cme t the meeting this evening is true.
但是 what is the matter 和 what is wrng 不可改变语序
3).whether可以引导主语从句 解释为”是否”,但if不能.
4). whatever, 等可引导主语从句, 但n matter wh, n matter what 只能引导让步状语从句.
5). it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例: It is well knwn/reprted/thught/said/… that… It is clear/necessary/certain/true/dubtful/… that… It is a pity/a shame/an hnur/… that… It desn’t matter whether…/It seems that… It happens that 注意 It is necessary 、 a pity 、strange、 imprtant that shuld +
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is + 名词 + 从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an hnr that …非常荣幸 It is cmmn knwledge that …是常识(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是…(3) It + 不及物动词 + 从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… It appears that… 似乎…(4) It +is 过去分词 + 从句 It is reprted that… 据报道… It has been prved that… 已证实… It is said that… 据说…
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用wh/whm。例如: It is a pity that yu didn’t g t see the film. It desn’t interest me whether yu succeed r nt. It is in the mrning that the murder tk place. It is Jhn that brke the windw.
4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如: 1) What yu said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a cnslatin.
It is right what yu said yesterday.
It is a cnslatin that she is still alive.
We believe (that) he is hnest.I tld him (that) I wuld cme back sn.He said (that)he wuld g there the next day and that his family wuldn’t g there
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,放在实义动词或介词的后面.引导词有连词that (that 常可省略),whether, if; 代词有wh, whse,what ,which; 副词有when ,where, hw, why 等.如:
1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.
2).引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数 情况下可以省略.
3).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句
但: (1).当whether后紧跟r nt时,不用if.
(2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.
例: I wrry abut whether I hurt her feeling.
1.宾语从句的引导词: 宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.
例: I dn’t knw whether I will stay r nt.
3.放句首,解释为“是否”
Whether she will g hme is nt unknwn.
4.表语从句解释为” 是否“ 用whether
The questin is whether we can cllect enugh mney.
4).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留
(1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.
例: We must make it clear that we say what we mean
(2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第一个that 可以省略,第二that不能省.
He tld me (that) he wuld cme and that he wuld cme n time.
表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语,常放在be动词的后面. 引导词有连词that (that 不可省略),whether; 代词有wh, what ,which;副词 when ,where, hw, why 等.如:
The prblem is that we didn’t get in tuch with him.This is hw Henry slved the prblem. His suggestin is that we (shuld) finish the wrk at nce.
如果句子的主语是suggestin,advice.rder等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用shuld+动词原形,shuld可省略.
1). 表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.
2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.
3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.
What many peple are wrried abut is whether we will be able t build a better future.
The reasn why he was late this mrning is because that there was a lt f traffic n the rad.
The reasn why + 句子 be that + 从句.
今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.
The reasn why he was late this mrning is that there was a lt f traffic n the rad.
或 This / it /that/ is because + 从句…等句型.
He was late this mrning. That was because there was a lt f traffic n the rad.
同位语从句 在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词 fact , news , idea , prmise, thught , suggestin 等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连词 that ;少数情况下也可用连接副词hw when where 等.如 :
1.The thught that we might succeed excited idea that they shuld try a secnd time is wrth suggestin that the plan (shuld) be delayed will be discussed tmrrw.
名词suggestin,advice.rder等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用shuld+动词原形,shuld可省略.
4.I have n idea when he will be back.
注意1.that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有:idea, fact, news, belief, thught, dubt, suggestin, prf, message, rder, cnclusin, desire, thery, truth, wrd, hpe, infrmatin等.
2.that 在从句中只是起引导作用, 不作任何成分.
1.When we will start is nt Black wn’t believe that her sn has becme a thief.3. My idea is that we shuld d it right nw.4.I had n idea that yu were her friend.
I 名词性从句的种类
一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处
1、两种从句都可以译成定语 e.g.
The news that ur team has wn the final match is encuraging. (同位语从句)我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that yu tld us is really encuraging.(定语从句)你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。
2、两种从句都可以用that引导 e.g.
The suggestin that students shuld learn smething practical is wrth cnsidering. (同位语从句)学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。The suggestin that is wrth cnsidering is that the students shuld learn smething practical.(定语从句)值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。
二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处
1、从句的作用不同:同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容;定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。
e.g. The news that ur team has wn the final match is encuraging. (从句说明“消息”的内容:我们队取得了决赛胜利。)The news that yu tld us is really encuraging.(从句对“消息”加以限定:是你告诉我们的,而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。)
2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同:that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。
e.g.1) Dad made a prmise that he wuld buy me CD player if I passed the English test. (that 不充当任何成分) 2) Dad made a prmise that excited all his children.(that指代prmise,又在从句中充当主语。)
Tell the functin f the fllwing sentences. a.subject b. bject c. predicative d. appsitive(同位语)
1.The idea that England stands fr Fish& Chips,Speakers’ Crner ,Big Ben and the Twer f Lndn is fact that Great Britain is made up f three cuntries is still unknwn t result f s much French influence was that the English language ended up with many French wrds such as table, animal and peple feel that Wales is an ancient fairy mst f these are nw threatened and may disappear is a serius matter t the peple in realise that it is f great value t recrd and teach them t the yunger generatin.
predicative
Tell the difference
1.The news that the plane wuld take ff n time made everybdy news that is spreading arund the airprt is that a heavy strm is cming.
3.The suggestin that students shuld learn smething practical is wrth suggestin that they are cnsidering is that students shuld learn smething practical.
NC---Appsitive
NC---Predicative
I. Tell the functin f the clauses in the fllwing sentences 说出下列从句的功能:A: Appsitive(同位语); B: Attributive(定语)
His prpsal that we g there n ft is acceptable.Many teachers hld the view that teenagers shuld nt spend t much time first request that he made was t ask fr freedm.4. D yu have any idea where we will be sent?5. Is this the cmpany where yur father wrks?6. This is the reasn that he gave fr his absence.7. He made an excuse that his car brke dwn n the way.
II. Chse the best answer
1.They expressed the hpe ___they wuld cme ver t China. A. which B. that C. whm D. when2.The fact___ he didn’t see Tm yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3.I have n idea ____he will cme back.A. where B. when C. what D. that
4.The news ___ surprised everybdy yesterday nw prves t be false. A. that B. when C. what D. hw 5.One f the men held the view ___ the bk said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6.Wrd has cme ___ sme American guests will cme fr a visit t ur cllege next week.A. what B. whether c. that D. which
1.The phtgraphs will shw yu ____ . A. what des ur village lk like B. what ur village lks like C. hw des ur village lk like D. hw ur village lks like
2.He asked____fr a vilin. A. did I pay hw much B. I paid hw much C. hw much did I pay D. hw much I paid
1.The questin is ____the film is wrth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. hw 2.They received rders _____ the wrk be dne at nce. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reasn ____ I have t g is ____ my mther is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because4. ___ I can’t understand is ___ she wants t change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; hw C. That; why D. What; because5. ____ his dream f ging t cllege will cme true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if6. It is knwn t us ___ where there is pllutin, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that7. I have the infrmatin ____. A. f what he’ll cme sn B. that he’ll cme sn C. f that he’ll cme sn D. his cming sn
8. --- I saw yur neighbr break yur windw with a basketball. --- ____ it made me nearly mad. A. That he brke B. What he brke C. He brke D. His break9.It remains a questin ____ we can get s much mney in such a shrt time. A.hw B. that C. when D. what10.--- Can I help yu? --- Yes, d yu knw ____? A. when cmes the bus B. when will cme the bus C. when des the bus cme D. when the bus cmes11. He made a prmise ___ anyne set him free he wuld make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if12. They lst their way in the frest and ____ made matters wrse was ___ night began t fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what
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