人教版高三英语《高考英语语法：动词词义辨析》练习

这是一份人教版高三英语《高考英语语法：动词词义辨析》练习，共7页。试卷主要包含了形状相同的动词之间辨义，rise和raise，hear与listen t，see, watch和lk，wind和wund，hang的用法，sit与seat，brrw, lend与keep等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（一）易混动词
1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：
2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rse，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。
3、hear与listen t：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen t是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen t却用于集中注意力的听。
4、see, watch和lk：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Are yu ging t play r nly watch?；lk一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little by lked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）
5、wind和wund：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wund，而动词原形wund意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wunded。
6、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。
7、hear的过去分词brn与brne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词brn，brne。只有当be+brn…短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用brn。如:He was brn in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用brne。如：She has brne five children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用brne。
8、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat neself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.
9、brrw, lend与keep：借入英文中用brrw，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。
10、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a cntest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have wn him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。
11、steal与rb：steal为偷。rb为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+frm+某人、某地，而rb其后接人+f+抢的物品。
12、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。
13、take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。
14、shut与clse：shut与clse有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用clse，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shut yur muth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用clse。
15、answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer fr，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上t。
16、reach，arrive与get t：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get t, arrive(at/in)。
17、cst，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cst, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cst作 “花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his mney n stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如It takes me three hurs t finish this wrk.[来源:Z*xx*k.Cm]
18、lst, gne与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lst, gne，但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing.
19、have n, wear, put n及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have n与wear作穿着状态讲;但have n不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put n是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：I dress my children in the mrning every day.
20、begin与start
begin与Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:we shu1d have t start early because there was a lt traffic in the street。
21、allw 与permit
allw与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：Peple are nt allwed t spit.
22、find与fund
find找到的过去式和过去分词都是fund，而fund是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是funded，funded，如：The Peple’s Republic f China was funded in 1949.[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K]
23、speak, say, talk 与tell
英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a stry。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：My watch was brken. It culdn’t tell time crrectly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said …。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Can yu tell me the difference between the tw？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：The father always speaks well f his sn.。
24、excuse me 与srry
excuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而srry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。
25、care fr 与care t d
care fr其后要接不定式时则要省去fr或换用名词，如：Wuld yu care fr a cup f tea？但care fr作照顾讲时与lk after相同。
26、与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); chse(v.), chice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.);
27、意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；lk由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discver（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。
28、动词 + 副词 + 介词：catch up with, lk frward t, cme up with, keep up with, g in fr, lk dwn n, get n with …
29、动词 + 介词t的词组有：cme t, stick t, bject t, agree t, turn t, attend t, belng t, devte t, reply t …
30、与in相结合的动词有：give in, hand in, bring in, drp in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in …
（二）动词短语
动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点：
1、根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。
(I)动词+副词(不及物)
Harry turned up after the party when everyne had left. 晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。
(2)动词+副词(及物)
Please turn every light in the huse ff. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。
注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如：She turned ff all the lights which had been left n. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：She gave them away. 她送掉了它们。
(3)动词+介词(及物)
I'm lking fr my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。
注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如：She's gt mre wrk than she can cpe with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。
(4)动词+副词+介词
I lk frward t seeing yu sn. 我盼望不久就见到你。
注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way bth grain and vegetable can be well lked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。
(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①hear frm收到…的来信，hear f听说。 ②lk after照料，lk at看，lk fr寻找。
(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①ring back回电话, ring ff挂断电话, ring up打电话 ②put away放好, put n穿，上演, put up挂起，举起。
(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：lk fr寻找, call fr去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask fr请求, wait fr等候, send fr派人去叫。
(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：①break ut发生，爆炸, carry ut进行，开展, g ut熄灭, hand ut分发, let ut放出, lk ut当心, sell ut卖完, set ut出发, take ut取出, wrk ut算出。②break dwn出毛病, cme dwn落下来, get dwn下车, take dwn取下, write dwn写下。
1.I can hardly ____ the difference between the tw wrds.
A. pint B.speak C.say D.tell
2.I ____ yu will write me back sn.
A. wish B.hpe C.want D.need
3.I asked him t ____ me a few minutes s that I culd have a wrd with him.
A. spend B. spare C.save D. share
4. Father will nt ____ us t tuch anything in his rm when he is away.
A. have B.let C. agree D. allw
5.I learned t ____ a bicycle as a small by.
A. ride B. drive C. perate D.run
6.I can ____ yu t the railway statin in my car.
A. send B.pick C.ride D.take
7.If n ne ____ the phne at hme, ring me at wrk.
A. answers B. returns C. replies D. receives
8.1 dn't knw the restaurant, but it's____ t be quite a gd ne.
A.said B.tld C.spken D.talked
9. These bxes are t heavy fr yur mther, yu'd better____ them fr her.
A. bring B. carry C.take D. fetch
10. There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three peple were seriusly ____.
A. hurt B. killed C. brken D.cut
11. Careless driving ____ a lt f highway accidents.
A. affects B. gives C. causes D. results
12. I've____my umbrella in the ffice and I'll have t fetch it.
A. frgt B.left C. remained D.lst
13 .The dctr says a few days' rest in a quiet place will ____ yu a lt f gd.
A. make B.d C.give D.get
14. His heart ____ fast when the teacher asked him a difficult questin.
A. beat B.hit C. jumped D.ran
15. The cking chicken ____ very gd.
A. smells B. feels C. sunds D. tastes
16. Mst children stay at hme until they ____ schl age.
A. get B.cme C. reach D. arrive
17. A single mistake here culd ____ yu yur life.
A. pay B.take C. spend D.cst
18. The by wrks hard. I____ him t succeed in the exam.
A. like B. expect C. think D.need
19. We ____ each ther the best f luck in the examinatin.
A. hped B. wanted C. expected D. wished
20. I'm afraid Mr Brwn isn't in. Wuld yu like t____a message?
A.give B.leave C.carry D.take
21. D yu knw the girl ____ a red cat?
A. dressed in B. had n C. wre D. put n
22. The assistant suggested Mary ____ the blue skirt.
A. buying B. bught C. t buy D. culd buy
23. Our teacher suggested Wang Lin ____ t America fr further study.
A. shuld send B. wuld be sent C. sending D.be sent
24. Old Mr Jacksn insisted ____ t the Friendship Hspital.
A. n being sent B. t send C. n sending D. being sent
25. The father insisted that their sn Tm ____ clever enugh t study music.
A. be B. shuld be C.was D. wuld be
26.I ____ the televisin set fr 1,500 yuan.
A. bught B.paid C.cst D. spent
27.I ____ play ftball than basketball.
A. wuld rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer
28. - What are yu ding?- I'm lking____ the children. They shuld be back fr lunch nw.
A.after B.at C.fr D.up
29. The sprts meet will be ____ till next week because f the bad weather.
A. put ff B. put away C. put up D. put dwn
30.I really dn't want t g t the party, but I dn't see hw I can ____ it.
A. get back frm B. get ut f C. get away D. get ff
31. Readers can ____ quite well withut knwing the exact meaning f each wrd.
A. get ver B. get in C; get alng D. get thrugh
32. Many freigners ____ the Great Wall as the Wrld's Seventh Wnder.
A. lk at B. lk fr C. lk arund D. lk n
33.1 can' t hear clearly. Please ____ the radi ____ a little.
A.tum;n B.tum;ff C.tum;dwn D.tum;up
34. Thirty peple were expected, but nly twenty - fur ____.
A. turned in B. turned up C. turned t D. turn up
35. The child is running a high fever. We must____ a dctr at nce.
A. send in B. send ut C. send fr D. send up
36. I'm ging t a pp cncert with Tm. He'll ____ me at eight and we'll g there tgethe;
A. call fr B. call in C. call n D. call up
37. It is ften easier t make plans than it is t ____.
A. carry n them B. carry ut them C. carry them n D. carry them ut
38. Yur cmpsitin must be ____ after class.
A. handed t B. handed ut C. handed in D. handed ver
39. A new schl was ____ in the village last year.
A. held up B. set up C. sent up D. brught up
40. - When did the plane ____? -At 2 'clck.
A. take ff' B. take up C. take away D. take place
41. ____! There's danger ahead.
A. Lk at B.Lk up C.Lk n D.Lk ut
42.Let's____ t clean the huse. It's t dirty.
A.set abut B.set ut C.set ff D.set dwn
43.I used t ____ my teacher when I was in Beijing.
A. call in . B. call at C. call fr D. call n
44. He ____ frm his family and settled dwn in America.
A. brke away B. brke ut C. brke up D. brke in
45. He had t ____ his father's business after his death, thugh he didn't really want t cntinue it.
A. carry ut B. pick up C. set up D. carry n
46. The rbbers had n truble in ____ the bank, but when they came ut ,the plice were waiting fr them.A. breaking ut B. breaking int C. breaking up D. breaking away frm
47. Autumn is cming. The farmers are busy____ the crps in the fields.
A. mving in B. sharing in C. handing in D. getting in
48. All the students ____ their hlidays t take part in planting trees.
A. gave ut B. gave in C. gave up D. gave away
49. He was always the last t leave in rder t clean up the wrkrm and ____ the tls.
A. put away B. take away C. push aside D. lk after
50.____ this article and tell me what yu think f it.
A. Lk up B. Lk n C. Lk int D. Lk thrugh
语法复习九：动词词义辨析
1~5 DBBDA 6~10 CAABA 11~15 CBBAA 16~20 CDBDB 21~25 AADAC
26~30 AACAB 31~35 CDCBC 36~40 ADCBA 41~45 DBDAD 46~50 BDCAD

[来源:
中 文
原 形
过 去 式
过去分词
现在分词
说 明
放
lay
laid
laid
laying
及物动词
躺
lie
lay
lain
lying
不及物动词
说谎
lie
lied
lied
lying
不及物动词