高考英语阅读理解及书面表达练习（1）

这是一份高考英语阅读理解及书面表达练习（1），共8页。
This is nt a surprise t public health advcates.They've studied the effect f state tax increases fr years，finding that smkers，especially teens，are price sensitive.Nr is it a shck t the industry，which fiercely fights every tax increase.
The nly wnder is that s many states insist n clsing their ears t the message.Tbacc taxes imprve public health，they raise mney and mst particularly，they deter peple frm taking up the habit as teens，which is when nearly all smkers are addicted.Yet the rate f taxatin varies widely.
In Manhattan，fr instance，which has the highest tax in the natin，a pack f Marlbr Light Kings，cst $10.06 at ne drugstre Wednesday.In Charlestn，S.C.，where the 7 cent a pack tax is the lwest in the natin，the price was $4.78.
The influence is bvius.
In New Yrk，high schl smking hit a new lw in the latest surveys－13.8%，far belw the natinal average.By cmparisn,26% f high schl students smke in Kentucky.Other lw tax states have similarly depressing teen smking recrds.
Hal Rgers，Representative frm Kentucky，like thse wh are against high tbacc taxes，argues that the burden f the tax falls n lwincme Americans “wh chse t smke.”
That's true.But there is mre reasn in keeping future generatins f lwincme wrkers frm getting hked in the first place.As fr tday's adults，if the new tax drives them t quit，they will have mre t spend n their families，cut their risk f cancer and heart disease and feel better.
【语篇解读】 烟草税增加后，取得了立竿见影的效果——许多烟民纷纷戒烟。然而有些地方却对此充耳不闻，中学生吸烟的比例居高不下。本文让我们意识到：从长远看，通过增加烟草税而使人们戒烟是泽被千家万户的大事。
1．The text is mainly abut ________.
A．the price f cigarettes
B．the rate f teen smking
C．the effect f tbacc tax increase
D．the differences in tbacc tax rate
解析 主旨大意题。本文主要谈论的是烟草税增加后取得的明显效果以及给人们带来的益处。A、B、D三项均为文章的某一方面。
答案 C
2．What des the authr think is a surprise?
A．Teen smkers are price sensitive.
B．Sme states still keep the tbacc tax lw.
C．Tbacc taxes imprve public health.
D．Tbacc industry fiercely fights the tax rise.
解析 事实细节题。由第三段第一句可知，唯 一让人吃惊的是，有些州对此充耳不闻，也就是继续保持低烟草税。
答案 B
3．Rgers' attitude twards the lwincme smkers might be that f ________.
A．tlerance B．uncncern
C．dubt D．sympathy
解析 推理判断题。Rger认为高烟草税是把税收负担加到了低收入的烟民身上，故应该持同情态度。
答案 D
4．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．The new tax will be beneficial in the lng run.
B．Lwincme Americans are mre likely t fall ill.
C．Future generatins will be hked n smking.
D．Adults will depend mre n their families.
解析 推理判断题。由全文最后一句可知，增加烟草税促使烟民戒烟，可让他们有更多的时间与家人团聚，减少癌症和心脏病的发病率，从长远看，是一件有益的事情。
答案 A
阅读理解。
Plants are flwering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reactin t climate change, which culd have lng damaging effects n fd chains and ecsystems.
Glbal warming is having a great effect n hundreds f plant and animal species arund the wrld, changing sme living patterns, scientists say.
Increased carbn dixide(CO2)in the air frm burning cal and il can have an effect n hw plants prduce xygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns f grwth.
“Predicting species’ reactin t climate change is a majr challenge in eclgy，” said the researchers f several U．S. universities. They said plants had been the key bject f study because their reactin t climate change culd have an effect n fd chains and ecsystem services.
The study, published n the Nature website, uses the findings frm plant life cycle studies and experiments acrss fur cntinents and 1,634 species. It fund that sme experiments had underestimated(低估) the speed f flwering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.
“Acrss all species, the experiments under­predicted the speed f the advance－fr bth leafing and flwering－that results frm temperature increases，” the study said.
The design f future experiments may need t be imprved t better predict hw plants will react t climate change, it said.
Plants are necessary fr life n the Earth. They are the base f the fd chain, using phtsynthesis(光合作用)t prduce sugar frm carbn dixide and water. They let ut xygen which is needed by nearly every rganism n the planet.
Scientists believe the wrld’s average temperature has risen by abut 0.8℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.
S far, effrts t cut emissins(排放)f planet­warming greenhuse gases are nt seen as enugh t prevent the Earth heating up beynd 2℃ this century—a pint scientists say will bring the danger f a changeable climate in which weather extremes are cmmn, leading t drught, flds, crp failures and rising sea levels.
57. What is the key infrmatin the authr wants t give in Paragraph 1?
A．Plants’ reactin t weather culd have damaging effects n ecsystems.
B．The increasing speed f flwering is beynd scientists’ expectatin.
C．Climate change leads t the change f fd prductin patterns.
D．Fd chains have been seriusly damaged because f weather.
58. We can learn frm the study published n the Nature website that ________.
A．plants’ flwering is 8.5 times faster than leafing
B．there are 1,634 plant species n the fur cntinents
C．scientists shuld imprve the design f the experiments
D．the experiments failed t predict hw plants react t climate change
59. Scientists pay special attentin t the study f plants because________.
A．they can prve the climate change clearly
B．they are very imprtant in the fd chains
C．they play a leading rle in reducing glbal warming
D．they are grwing and flwering much faster than befre
60. What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs abut the wrld’s temperature?
A．It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979.
B．Its change will lead t weather extremes.
C．It is 0.8℃ higher in 1979 than that f 1900.
D．It needs t be cntrlled within 2℃ in this century.
【要点综述】本文为科普类文章。文章论述了全球变暖的气候环境会让植物提前开花，进而影响整个食物链及生态系统。
57. B 细节理解题。第一段话给读者传达的主要信息存在于主句，而不是which所引导的定语从句上。根据“Plants are flwering faster than scientists predicted”可知，作者是要告知读者植物开花的增速超出了科学家的预期。故选B。A为次要信息。
58. C 推理判断题。第五段话“It fund that sme experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed f flwering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.”暗示读者：对于植物所设计的实验应该有所改进，故答案选C。
59. B 细节理解题。根据第四段“They said plants had been the key bject f study because their reactin t climate change culd have an effect n fd chains and ecsystem services.”可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。故答案选B。
60. D 推理判断题。从倒数第二段“…has risen by abut 0.8℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.”可知A、C项错误；从最后一段叙述可知，如果本世纪地球变暖超过2℃，便会出现weather extremes。暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在2℃的范围之内。故答案选D。
阅读理解。
Fr thse wh are tired f ding the laundry, Samsung has fund an answer: a washing machine that can tell yu when yur laundry is dne via a smartphne app(applicatin).
Strange thugh it may seem—“my wife already des that” was a cmmn respnse amng attendees viewing the device when it was intrduced at the Cnsumer Electrnics Shw(CES)this week—Samsung is just ne f many appliance makers racing t install(安装)a large number f Internet­cnnected features in machines in an effrt t make them “smart”．
Last year, it was a refrigeratr that tweeted. This year, it's Wi­Fi­enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell yu when yur grceries are ging bad.
The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, cnnect t any smartphne thrugh a dwnladable applicatin. The phne can then be used as a remte cntrl, s the machines can be turned n and ff while their wner is at wrk r n the bus.
Samsung says it's nt just smething new—the app cnnectin actually has sme practical uses.
“If yu started t dry clthes in the mrning and frgt t take them ut, yu can g t yur phne and restart yur dryer fr the time when yu cme hme, s yur clthes are refreshed and ready t g，” said spkespersn Amy Schmidt.
The cmpany als says that with electricity rates(电价)varying depending n the time f day, mre cntrl ver when the machines are used can help save mney.
Perhaps, but what they will prbably really accmplish is what all gd technlgies d—enable laziness. Rather than getting up t check n whether the laundry is dne, users will instead mnitr it n their phnes while watching TV.
72. What can be inferred frm the cmmn respnse f the attendees at the CES?
A. The machine will be a big success.
B. Their wives like ding the laundry.
C. The machine is unrelated t their lift.
D. This kind f technlgy is familiar t them.
73. What can we learn abut the new laundry machines?
A. They can tell yu when yur clthes need washing.
B. They can be cntrlled with a smartphne.
C. They are difficult t perate.
D. They are sld at a lw price.
74. We can cnclude frm Samsung's statements that ________.
A. the app cnnectin makes life easier
B. it is better t dry clthes in the mrning
C. smartphnes can shrten the drying time
D. we shuld refresh clthes back at hme
75. What is the main idea f the last paragraph?
A. The laundry shuld be frequently checked.
B. Lazy peple like using such machines.
C. Gd technlgies als cause prblems.
D. Televisin may help d the laundry.
【要点综述】短文介绍了一种能为人们带来便利的洗衣机，但是也向我们提出了一个令人思考的问题：新科技会让人们越来越懒惰，如何应对这个问题或许值得深思。
72. D 推理判断题。由第二段的Strange thugh it may seem—“my wife already des that” was a cmmn respnse amng attendees viewing the device when it was intrduced at the Cnsumer Electrnics Shw(CES) this week看出“尽管看上去有点奇怪，但是这项技术对于人们来说已经很熟悉了”。故选D。
73. B 推理判断题。由第四段的“The washers and dryers, available starting in the spring, cnnect t any smartphne thrugh a dwnladable applicatin. The phne can then be used as a remte cntrl…”看出它是由智能手机控制的，由此可知选择B项。
74. A 推理判断题。根据文中对这一洗衣机装置以及其功能和操作的描述可以看出，它使得人们的生活更加轻松便捷。故选A。
75. C 主旨大意题。最后一段的Perhaps, but what they will prbably really accmplish is what all gd technlgies d—enable laziness.告诉我们，该项技术能使人们变懒，也就是C项所说的“优良技术也会带来问题”。故选C。
【北京市丰台区2014统一模拟】第一节（15分）
假设你是红星中学高二(1)班的学生李华，下个月英国Saint Grge High Schl的交换学生要来你校学习。学校招募接待家庭。请你根据以下信息，提出申请并说明理由。
1. 家里住宿条件好；
2. 英语听说能力强；
3. 了解英国人的文化习俗。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir r Madam,


Yurs,
Li Hua
第一节 应用类作文（15分）
一、评分原则：
1. 本题总分为15分，按4个档次给分。
2. 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3. 评分时应考虑：内容是否完整，条理是否清楚，交际是否得体，语言是否规范。
4. 拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
5. 词数少于50，从总分中减去1分。
二、各档次给分范围和要求：
三、Pssible versins
Pssible versin 1
Dear Sir r Madam,
I wuld like t hst a student frm Saint Gerge High Schl. My huse is big enugh t give him a rm t live in. Als, I am gd at English listening and speaking. I have studied a lt abut British culture and custms. I can create a welcming atmsphere fr him. I wuld be very happy, if yu give me this pprtunity.
Thank yu!
Yurs,
Li Hua (65 wrds)
Pssible versin 2
Dear Sir r Madam,
I feel very excited t knw that the exchange students frm Saint Grge High Schl will cme and study at ur schl. I wuld like t be a hst family. The reasns are as fllws:
First, my hme is big with three bedrms and tw bathrms. This makes it pssible fr me t prvide the exchange student with gd living accmmdatins. Mrever, I have a gd cmmand f English and I am gd at listening and speaking. I wuld be able t cmmunicate with the student easily. In additin, I have a gd understanding f British custms and culture, allwing us t have a lt t talk abut.
Because f the abve mentined reasns I am applying t be a hst family. I sincerely hpe I will be granted this great pprtunity.
Thank yu very much!
Yurs,
Li Hua (136 wrds)
第一档
完全完成了试题规定的任务。
·内容完整，条理清楚；
·交际得体，表达时充分考虑到交际对象的需求；
体现出较强的语言运用能力。
完全达到了预期的写作目的。
13分—15分
第二档
基本完成了试题规定的任务。
·内容、条理和交际等方面基本符合要求；
·运用的语法和词汇基本满足任务要求；
·语法或用词方面有一些错误，但不影响理解。
基本达到了预期的写作目的。
9分—12分
第三档
未恰当完成试题规定的任务。
·所用词汇有限，语法或用词方面的错误影响了对所写内容的理解，未
能清楚地传达信息。
4分—8分
第四档
未完成试题规定的任务。
·写了少量相关信息；
·语法或用词方面错误较多，严重影响了对写作内容的理解。
1分—3分
0分
未传达任何信息；所写内容与要求无关。