译林版高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT4 Section B Grammar and usage & Integrated skills课件

这是一份译林版高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT4 Section B Grammar and usage & Integrated skills课件，共51页。

UNIT 4　Exploring poetrySection B　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills目 录 索 引 Part 1　Language pointsPart 2　GrammarPart 1　Language points基础落实•必备知识全过关必记写作词汇 1.　　　　　　 vt.经历,经受 2.　　　　　　 n.区,行政区;地区,区域 3.　　　　　　 vi.& vt.(使)拐弯,弯曲　n.拐弯,弯道4.　　　　　　 n.声明,宣称;所有权;索赔　vt.宣称,声称;要求;索取;获得5.　　　　　　 adv.因此,由此 undergo　district　bend　claim　hence识记阅读词汇 1.novelist n.　　　 　　　　　　　　 2.ideal n. 　　　　　　　　 adj. 　　　　　　　　 3.rigid adj. 　　 　　　　　　 4.industrialization n. 　　　　　　　　 5.era n. 　　　　　　　　 6.diverge vi. 　　　　　　　 　  7.tread vi.& vt. 　　　　　　　　  8.sigh n.& vi. 　　　　　　　　 小说家　理想;典范　完美的,理想的　死板的,僵硬的;固执的,僵化的　工业化　时代,年代　分叉,岔开;分歧,相异;偏离　踩,踏;踩碎,践踏;行走,步行　叹气,叹息串记拓展词汇 1.advocate vt.拥护,支持,提倡　n.拥护者,支持者;辩护律师→　　　　　　 n.拥护;支持 2.belief n.看法,信念;信仰;相信,信心→　　　　　　 v.相信;认为 【掌握构词规律　快速记牢单词】以-ef结尾的名词将ef转换成eve构成动词:belief→believe相信;认为relief→relieve缓解disbelief→disbelieve不信;怀疑advocationbelieve1.　　　　　　　　　　 与某事终止关联,破除 2.　　　　　　　　　 重视,强调;把重点放在…… 3.　　　　　　　　　 因此;结果是 4.　　　　　　　　　 参考;涉及;指的是 5.　　　　　　　　　 集中 6.　　　　　　　　　 引导到 7.　　　　　　　　　 面对 8.　　 　　　　　　　 除了做……别无选择 9.　　　　　　　　　 让某人听懂 10.　　　 　　　　　　 依我之见 11.　　　　　　　　　 关于,至于 break with sth　put emphasis on　as a result　refer to　focus on　lead on to　be faced withhave no choice but to do　get across to sb　from my point of view　as for要点探究•能力素养全提升1.ideal n.理想;典范　adj.完美的,理想的【佳句背诵】The town is an ideal base for touring the area.[旅行经历]这个镇子是在这一地区旅游观光的理想据点。2.undergo vt.经历,经受【佳句背诵】The technology will undergo further improvements.[科技发展]这一技术将会经历更进一步的改善。1.break with sth与某事终止关联,破除break out爆发break up打碎,分开;(关系)破裂,分手break through (取得)突破,冲破break down发生故障,失败break into闯入break in打断,闯入【佳句背诵】You had better break with your bad habits.你最好改掉你的坏习惯。【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作①The girl decided to develop good habits and break 　　　　　the old ones.②The printing machines are always breaking 　　　　　　so we have to repair it often. ③We hope to break 　　　　　　soon in the fight against the disease. ④Thieves broke 　　　　　　my house and stole the computer. ⑤出狱后,这个男人决定与过去决裂。After going out of prison,the man was determined to 　 　 　 　 　 　 　　 .withdownthroughintobreak with the past2.advocate vt.拥护,支持,提倡　n.拥护者,支持者;辩护律师advocate (doing) sth提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocate that...it is advocated that...主张……,从句谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”an advocate of sth 某事的提倡者【佳句背诵】David Bond advocated his idea by making a documentary film.大卫·邦德制作了一部纪录片来宣扬他的观点。【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作①There is no point advocating 　　　　　(improve) public transportation unless we can pay for it. ②People advocate that everyone 　　　　 　(live) a low-carbon life. ③有人主张学校应为学生组织更多的活动,通过减少学生的家庭作业,让他们有更多的时间参加活动。　 　 　 　 　 　　 　 　　 　 　　 　 　　 　　 　 　　　 for students and leave students more time for activities by giving them less homework.improving(should) liveIt is advocated that schools should organize more activities3.belief n.看法,信念;信仰;相信,信心It is one’s belief that...某人相信……beyond belief难以置信的hold the belief that...相信,认为have a belief in相信believe vt.& vi.相信believe in相信It is believed that...人们相信……【佳句背诵】Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.尽管关于情商的流行观念远远超出了研究所能合理支持的范围,但宣传的总体效果是利大于弊的。【即学即练】单句填空/一句多译①They are likely to be influenced by social 　　　　　　　　(believe). ②It’s 　　　　　belief that a 14-year-old girl could break the provincial high jump record. 我相信这次聚会会成功。→③　　　　　　　　　 the party will be a success.(vt.) →④　　　　　　　　　　　　 the party will be a success.(n.) →⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　 the party will be a success.(主语从句) beliefsbeyondI believe that　I hold the belief that　It is my belief that4.bend vi.& vt.(bent,bent)(使)拐弯,弯曲　n.拐弯,弯道bend over弯腰,俯身bend (sb) to迫使(某人)屈从于bend one’s mind/efforts/thoughts to=bend oneself to专心于某物bend the truth扭曲事理;歪曲事实bend down弯下身子drive sb round the bend使某人发疯,恼火bent adj.弯曲的;弯腰的be bent on doing sth 决心做某事;一心想做某事【佳句背诵】With the pumpkin resting on the table,hole uppermost,I bent over and pressed my head against the opening.南瓜放在桌子上,洞在最上面,我弯下腰把头靠在洞口。【即学即练】单句填空/一句多译①The girl bent her mind 　　　　　　the job,and won great achievements. ②He was bent on 　　　　　　(win) at all costs,which surprised all of us. ③Students should resist the temptation to bend 　　　　　　(they) mind to exams alone. ④However weak the nation may be,it will never bend 　　　a greater power. ⑤On hearing what I said,the American bent 　　　　　　with laughter. 他不能专心于他的学习。→⑥He 　　　　　　　　　　　　his study.(bent) →⑦He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　his study.(bend) towinningtheirtooveris not bent on　couldn’t bend his mind to5.claim n.声明,宣称;所有权;索赔　vt.宣称,声称;要求;索取;获得claim sth back要回某物claim sth from sb向某人索要某物claim to do...声称做……claim to have done sth 声称做过某事claim that...声称……it is claimed that...据称……make a claim for声称;断言【佳句背诵】Many foreign experts claimed that it was impossible to build a railway across the Qinghai-Tibet plateau.许多外国专家宣称在青藏高原上建铁路是不可能的。【即学即练】单句填空/一句多译①He made a claim 　　　　　　damages after his car was hit. ②You can claim your money 　　　　　　if the goods are damaged. ③It 　　　　　　(claim) that humor not only affects patients’ moods,but also helps them recover faster. 两个年轻女孩声称在城里见过一头熊。→④Two young girls 　　　　　　　　　　a bear in the city.(claim to do) →⑤Two young girls 　　　　　　　　　　　　a bear in the city. (宾语从句) forbackis claimedclaimed to have seen　claimed that they had seenPart 2　Grammar非谓语动词Reporter:How can parents who read to more than one child at a time keep everyone ①engaged?Alice:②Reading together with family can be one of the best ways ③to promote family togetherness.Children should be encouraged ④to ask questions throughout the story and predict what might happen on the next page. This is also a great opportunity for elder children ⑤to read to younger children.Reporter:Outside of ⑥reading on the sofa and in bed,are there other places where family reading can take place?Alice:Everywhere! Make it a habit ⑦to bring books everywhere you go.You can have books in the car and bring books to the grocery store.Also you can pack books for the morning subway or bus ride.Reporter:For families that speak and read in two languages,do you have any suggestions about ⑧choosing books?Alice:I recommend ⑨going to the library and checking out a story in two different languages.While ⑩reading each story,you can assist your child in recognizing familiar words in each language.【语法感悟】非谓语动词作状语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语等一直是高考考查的重点,此外,非谓语动词的其他用法也均有涉及。观察上面短文中的黑体部分可知,①处的动词-ed形式作　　　　　　　　,②处的动词-ing形式作　　　　　　　　,③⑤处的不定式作　　　　　　,④处的不定式作　　　　　　,⑥⑧⑨处的动词-ing形式作　　　　　　　,⑦处的不定式作　　　　　,⑩处的动词-ing形式作　　　　　　。 宾语补足语主语定语主语补足语宾语宾语状语非谓语动词通常指动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式。它们的基本形式的变化如下:非谓语动词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。 一、非谓语动词作状语1.动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语时,其逻辑主语是句子的主语,一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。(1)动词-ing形式作状语表示的动作是由句子主语执行的,它们之间是主谓关系。Hearing the news,they got excited.听到这个消息,他们很兴奋。(2)动词-ed形式作状语表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间是动宾关系。Seriously injured,she had to be sent to hospital at once.由于受伤严重,需要立刻将她送往医院。2.不定式作状语(1)不定式作状语主要用来表示目的,有时也可以表示结果、原因等。She was surprised to see George walk in.看到乔治进来,她很惊讶。(2)不定式作目的状语时,常位于句首或句中,形式上可用in order to do,so as to do,to do等,但so as to do不能置于句首。In order to pass the exam,he worked hard.为了通过考试,他努力学习。(3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的。To learn English well,his father bought him a dictionary.(×)To learn English well,he bought himself a dictionary.(√)【即学即练】单句填空1.　　　　　　　　(consider) from this point of view,the question will be of great importance. 2.　　　　　　　(face) with a difficult situation,Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. 3.　　　　　　(hold) his head high,the man walked into the room to attend the meeting. 4.He made marks on some trees 　　　　　(find) his way back easily. 5.The cup dropped to the ground,　　　　 (break) into pieces. ConsideredFacingHoldingto findbreaking二、非谓语动词作定语1.不定式作定语不定式作定语,通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系或同位关系。She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)她总是第一个到,最后一个离开。Have you got a letter to write?(动宾关系)你有一封信要写吗?Do you have the ability to read and write in English?(同位关系)你有用英语读写的能力吗?2.动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作定语(1)作定语的及物动词的动词-ing形式为doing和being done,动词-ed形式为done。作定语时,doing表示动作正在进行,与被修饰的名词之间为主动关系;being done表示动作正在进行且与被修饰的名词之间为被动关系。done表示动作已经完成或被动意义,与被修饰的名词之间为被动关系。I have never seen a more moving film.我没看过比这更令人感动的电影。The houses being built are for the teachers.正在建的这些房子是给老师的。The broken glass is Tom’s.这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。(2)作定语的不及物动词的动词-ing形式为doing,动词-ed形式为done。doing表示正在进行;done表示已经完成。boiling water正沸腾的水boiled water开水3.动词-ing形式作定语动词-ing形式可置于名词前作定语,表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。a walking stick=a stick for walking手杖a sleeping car=a car for sleeping卧铺车【即学即练】单句填空1.To return to the problem of water pollution,I’d like you to look at a study　　　　　　(conduct) in Australia in 2012. 2.I’m calling to enquire about the position 　　　　　　(advertise) in yesterday’s China Daily. 3.His first book 　　　　　　　(publish) next month is based on a true story.4.This is the only way we can imagine 　　　　　　(reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. 5.A great number of students 　　　　　(question) said they were forced to practise the piano. conductedadvertisedto be publishedto reducequestioned三、非谓语动词作宾语补足语1.不定式作宾语补足语(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语,如ask,want,invite,get,force, expect,allow,persuade,order,warn,remind,prefer,cause,permit,forbid,advise,teach等。Father will not allow us to play in the street.父亲不会允许我们在街上玩耍。(2)下列动词接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语:一感 (feel),二听(hear,listen to),三让(let,have,make),五看 (see,notice,observe,watch,look at),半帮助 (help),但在变为被动语态时需加to。Nobody saw him come in.(主动语态)没人看见他进来。The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。2.动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作宾语补足语(1)感官动词或词组see,watch,observe,look at,listen to,notice及keep和find等词可跟动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作宾语补足语,动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系;动词-ed形式作宾语补足语时,宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系。I saw him entering the bank.(him与enter之间为逻辑上的主谓关系)我看见他进入银行。I saw him operated on.(him与operate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系)我看见 (有人) 给他做了手术。(2)have,get后可接动词-ing形式或动词-ed形式作宾语补足语。They had the fire burning all night.(burn动作一直在进行)他们让火整夜烧着。I will have my bike repaired tomorrow.(让别人去修)明天我要请人修一下我的自行车。【即学即练】单句填空1.Mom asked me 　　　　　　　　　　(not worry) about my birthday party.2.The taxi driver often reminds passengers 　　　　　　(take) their belongs when they leave the car. 3.After a knock at the door,the child heard his mother’s voice 　　　　　(call) him. 4.I smell something 　　　　　　(burn) in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute? 5.She wants her paintings 　　　　　　(display) in the gallery,but we don’t think they would be very popular. not to worryto takecallingburningdisplayed四、非谓语动词作宾语1.动词不定式作宾语(1)常跟不定式作宾语的动词:decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,afford,happen,wait,threaten。We agreed to meet at the school gate.我们同意在校门口见面。(2)动词tell,show,understand,know,explain,teach,learn,advise等常接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。Please tell me when to start the project.请告诉我何时开始这个项目。(3)在某些动词如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe后,常用it作形式宾语,然后加宾语补足语,最后加不定式作真正的宾语。We think it our duty to protect the environment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。2.动词-ing形式作宾语(1)常跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词或动词词组:consider (考虑),suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon,admit,delay, fancy (想象,设想),avoid,miss,keep,practice,deny,finish,enjoy,appreciate, forbid,imagine,risk,can’t help,mind,allow/permit,escape。He tried to avoid answering my questions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。(2)由“动词+介词”构成的短语,其后跟动词-ing形式作宾语,常见的有be/get used to (习惯于),look forward to (期盼),feel like (想要),insist on (坚持),get down to (开始认真做某事),devote...to...(致力于……),object to (反对),stick to (坚持),give up (放弃)等。It’s time I got down to thinking about that essay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。(3)下列动词或词组既可以接动词-ing形式作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:mean to do sth 打算做某事mean doing sth 意味着做某事forget to do sth 忘记去做某事(未做)forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(已做)regret to do sth 对即将做的事表示遗憾(未做)regret doing sth 对做过的事表示后悔(已做)try to do sth 尽力去做某事try doing sth 试着做某事go on to do sth 继续做另一件事go on doing sth 继续做原来做的事remember to do sth 记着去做某事(未做)remember doing sth 记着做了某事(已做)【即学即练】单句填空1.David threatened 　　　　　　　　(report) his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. 2.I would love 　　　　　　(go) to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. 3.I still remember 　　　　　　(go) to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. 4.I can’t stand 　　　　　　(work) with Jane in the office. 5.He stopped 　　　　　　　(smoke) three years ago. to reportto gogoingworkingsmoking五、非谓语动词作主语及表语1.动词不定式作主语不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语,即动词不定式移到句子的后面。It’s a great pleasure to talk with you.和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。2.动词-ing形式作主语下列句型中常用动词-ing形式作主语:(1)it is/was a waste (of ...)/no use/no good doing sth.(2)There is/was no sense/no point (in) doing sth.It is no good coming before that.在那之前来没有用。There is no sense(in) worrying about it now.现在为那件事忧虑没有意义。3.不定式与动词-ing形式作表语不定式表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作,而动词-ing形式表示通常的情况。My dream is to enter Beijing University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。My job is teaching you English.我的工作是教你们英语。4.动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作表语表示事物的特征或性质时,表语用动词-ing形式;表示人的内心感受时,表语用动词-ed形式。Please describe a dog that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。Please describe a dog that is frightened.请描述一只惊恐的狗。【即学即练】单句填空1.　　　　　　(walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 2.—What do you think made Mary so upset?—　　　　　　(lose) her new bike. 3.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,　　　　　　(not make) it more difficult. 4.Fishing is his favourite hobby,and 　　　　　　(collect) coins also gives him great pleasure. 5.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains　　　　　　(see) whether they will enjoy it. WalkingLosingnot to makecollectingto be seen六、非谓语动词的主动语态表示被动意义(1)不定式作表语形容词的状语,和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难理解。(2)动词need,want,require作“需要”讲时,后跟动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,也可跟不定式的被动结构;be worth后也用动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。Your paper needs checking/to be checked again.你的试卷需要再检查一遍。【即学即练】单句填空1.The house needs 　　　 　　(repair). 2.The picture-book is well worth 　　　　 (read). 3.I have a lot of things 　　　　　　(do) this afternoon. 4.The problem is difficult 　　　　　　(work) out. 5.There is no time 　　　　　　(lose). repairing/to be repairedreadingto doto workto lose