高中英语考试语法中必考的18个重难点

这是一份高中英语考试语法中必考的18个重难点，共8页。试卷主要包含了并列主语如果指的是同一个人，季节等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2、如果主语用a kind f , a pair f , a series f等加名词构成时, 谓语动词
一般用单数形式。例如：A pair f shes was n the desk．
3、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例如: Truth and hnesty is the best plicy．
4、当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as , n less than, alng with, with, like, rather than, tgether with, but, except, besides, including, in additin t等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如: The teacher as well as the students was excited．
5、A (great) number f修饰可数复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; a great deal f, a large amunt f 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
6、关系代词wh, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:Thse wh want t g please sign yur names here．
7、季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称，球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠词。 1/2 ne(a) half 1/4 ne(a) quarter
二、形容词的顺序
1、限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前，基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料。
2、某些以a-开首的形容词例如：afraid，alike，alne，asleep，awake, alive 等只能作表语,不能作定语。
3、某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：friendly，lively， lvely，lnely，likely，deadly，silly，rderly, timely等。
1)clse接近地 clsely仔细地，密切地
2)free 免费地 freely自由地,无拘束地
3)hard努力地 hardly几乎不
4)late 晚，迟 lately 近来
5)mst 极,非常 mstly主要地
6)wide广阔地，充分地 widely广泛地
7)high高 highly高度地，非常地
8)deep深，迟 deeply抽象意义的“深”
9)lud大声地 ludly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)
10)near邻近 nearly几乎
三、比较级，最高级
1、表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”的结构表示：This rm is less beautiful than that ne．
2、表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even，a lt，a bit，a little，still，much，far, yet, by far等修饰，例如：He wrks even harder than befre．
3、by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面, 如放在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。例如：He is taller by far than his brther.
4、某些以-r结尾的形容词进行比较时，用t代替than。superir，junir，senir等。例如：He is superir t Mr. Wang in mathematics．
5、在比较从句中为了避免重复通常用that(Thse)，ne(nes)代替前面出现的名词。
that指物，ne既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而ne只能代替可数名词。例如：The bk n the table is mre interesting than that n the desk．
6、表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:
A is three (fur, etc.) times the size (height, length, width, etc) f B. 例如：The new building is fur times the size (the height) f the ld ne. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。［高三倍］
A is three (fur, etc.) times as big (high, lng, wide, etc.) as B.例如：Asia is fur times as large as Eurpe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
A is three (fur, etc.) times bigger (higher, lnger, wider) than B. 例如:Yur schl is three times bigger than urs. 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
表示两倍可以用 twice 或 duble。
7、表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。
四、s, such
1、如果复数名词前有many、few，不可数名词前有much、little等表示量的形容词时，该用s而不用such。如：
I've had s many falls that I'm black and blue all ver.
2、当little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时,仍用such。如:
They are such little children that the they cannt clean the huse by themselves.
五、almst与nearly
1、在very, pretty, nt后用nearly, 不用almst。例如： I'm nt nearly ready.
2、在any, n, nne, never前用almst, 不用nearly。例如： I almst never see her.
六、情态动词
1、need 表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用must, have t, ught t或shuld 代替。例如：Need I finish the wrk tday? －－Yes, yu must.
注意：needn't have dne“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。例如：Yu needn't have waited fr me.
2、“shuld have dne”表示应该做到而实际上没有做到。例如：Yu shuld have started earlier.你应该早点开始。
3、“ught t have dne”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。例如：Yu ught t have helped him (but yu didn't) 。那时你应该帮他的（但是你没有）。
4、书报的标题,小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。
5、表示感觉,愿望和状态的某些动词如have, be, hear, see, like等词一般不用进行时。
七、主动结构表被动
有些动词形式上是主动结构,但表示被动的意思。常见的有可和 well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词sell, wash, write, read, clean, ck等。例如：The clth washes well.这布很经洗。
八、虚拟语气的结构“(shuld)＋动词原形
1、在动词 arrange, cmmand, demand, desire, insist, rder, prpse, request, require, suggest等后面的宾语从句中用“(shuld)＋ 动词原形”(虚拟语气)例如：We suggested that we (shuld) have a meeting.
2、作advice, idea, rder, demand, plan, prpsal, suggestin, request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(shuld)＋动词原形”。例如：We all agreed t his suggestin that we(shuld) g t Beijing fr sightseeing.
九、+t
1、在feel, hear, ntice, bserve, see, watch, have, let, make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带t。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带t。例如：He is ften heard t sing the sng.
2、不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词d的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带t,否则要带t.例如：
-What d yu like t d besides swim?
-I have n chice but t g.
十
作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。
1、There / It is n use/ gd/ nt any use/ gd/ useless ding sth.
例如：He is lking fr a rm t live in.
2、动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式:
admit, appreciate, avid, cnsider, delay, enjy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, frgive, give up, imagine, include, keep, mentin, mind, miss, practice, put ff, resist, risk, suggest, can't help, can't stand(无法忍受)等。
例如：I tried nt t g there. (我设法不去那里。)
I tried ding it again. (我试着又干了一次。)
3、mean t d 有意... mean ding意味着...
I mean t cme early tday. (我打算今天早些来。)
Missing the train means waiting fr anther hur. (误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。)
十一
动词need, require, want作“需要”解,其后跟动词作它的宾语时,若表示的含义是被动的,必须用动名词,或不定式的被动式。
例如： The windw needs(requires, wants)cleaning(t be cleaned).
在短语devte t, lk frward t, pay attentin t, stick t, be used t, bject t, thank yu fr, excuse me fr 等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：
I lk frward t hearing frm yu sn.
Badly plluted, the water cannt be drunk. (原因)
Being written in haste, the cmpsitin is full f mistakes. (原因,强调写的过程,故应用现在分词一般被动式)
Having been deserted by his guide, he culdn't find his way thrugh the jungle.(为了强调已完成的动作)
Asked t stay, I culdn't very well refuse.
这里 asked 可能意味着 having been asked, 也可能意味着when/since I was asked, 但用了 having been asked 就不会有歧义。
下面句中过去分词表示的时间与谓语动词所表示的时间相同，所以不能代之以强调先于谓语动词的现在分词完成被动式。例如： Cvered with cnfusin, I left the rm.我很窘地离开了房间。 United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。 He used t live in Lndn, use(d)n't he /didn't he?
There used t be a cinema here befre the war, use(d)n't there /didn't there?
Such things ught nt t be allwed, ught they? He ught t be punished, ughtn't he?
但在正式文体中,用ught we nt形式。例如:
We ught t g, ught we nt?或We ught t g ,shuld we nt?
十二
含有情态动词must的句子表示推则,作“想必”解时,疑问部分不可用mustn't
1、若前句强调对现在情况的推测,疑问部分用aren't(isn't)十主语,例如：Yu must be tired,aren't yu?
2、若陈述部分的must表示“有必要”时,附加疑问句部分则用needn't。例如：Yu must g hme right nw, needn't yu?
3、当mustn't 表示禁止时,附加疑问部分一般用must。如： Yu mustn't walk n grass, must yu?
4、前句谓语动词是must have＋过去分词时,若前句强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用didn't＋主语;若前句强调动作的完成,疑问部分的谓语动词用haven't(hasn't)＋主语, 例如： He must have met her yesterday, didn't he?
5、陈述句谓语部分出现否定词缀时(前缀或后缀),疑问部分仍用否定结构。例如:He is unfit fr his ffice, isn't he?
6、如果陈述部分包含有n, never, hardly, seldm, few, little, nwhere, nthing等否定或半否定词时,疑问部分用肯定形式。例如：He is hardly 14 years ld, is he?
7、如果陈述部分的主语为everyne, smene, n ne等不定代词,其疑问部分的主语可用he,也可用they。 例如：
Everyne knws his jb, desn't he?
Let's g there, shall we? Let us g there, will yu?
十三
同位语从句跟在名词后面,进一步说明该名词的具体内容
引导同位语从句的名词主要有fact, news, prmise, idea, truth等。连接词用that (不用which)及连接副词hw, when, where, why等。例如：
His delay is due t the fact that the car went wrng halfway.
She asked the reasn why there was a delay.
十四
关联词只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情况如下:
1、在表语从句和同位语从句中。例如：
The questin is whether the film is wrth seeing.
The news whether ur team has wn the match is unknwn.
2、在主语从句中,只有用it作形式主语时,whether和if都能引导主语从句,否则,也只能用whether。例如：
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided yet. It hasn't been decided whether(if)we shall attend the meeting.
3、在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略)例如：
It all depends (n) whether they will supprt us.
4、后面直接跟动词不定式时。例如：
He desn't knw whether t stay r nt.
5、后面紧接r nt 时。例如：
We didn't knw whether r nt she was ready.
6、引导让步状语从句,只能用whether。例如：
Whether yu like it r nt, yu must d it well.
7、用if会引起歧义时。例如：Please let me knw if yu like it. 该句有两个意思：“请告诉我你是否喜欢”。或“如果你喜欢,请告诉我。”用了whether就可以避免。
十五、在下面几种情况下必须用“that”引导定语从句
1、先行词是不定代词：all, few, little, much, smething, nthing, anything等。例如：
All that we have t d is t practice every day.
2、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。例如：
The first lessn that I learned will never be frgtten.
3、先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, n, sme, 等修饰。例如：I have read all the bk (that) yu gave me.
4、先行词被 the nly, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。 例如：He is the nly persn that I want t talk t.
5、先行词既有人又有物时。例如：They talked f things and persns that they remembered in the schl.
十六
先行词是表示地点时,要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。
1、如果是及物的就用that(which),否则用where。例如：This is the huse where he lived last year.
2、用n sner…than和hardly…when引导的从句表示“刚……就……”。
十七、倒装
1、主句中的动词一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时;而且主句一般倒装,把助动词had提到前面。例如：Hardly had I entered the rm when I heard a lud nise.
2、代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。例如：Here it is. Here he cmes.
3、当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时也常常引起全部倒装。例如：Suth f the city lies a big steel factry. Frm the valley came a frightening sund.
4、表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。例如：Present at the meeting were Prfessr White, Prfessr Smith and many ther guests.
5、部分倒装
A)用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句。例如：Had yu reviewed yur lessns, yu might have passed the examinatin.
B)用于“形容词(或名词、动词)+as(thugh)引导的让步状语从句中。例如：Pretty as she is ,she is nt clever. Try as he wuld, he might fail again.
C)如果从句的表语是名词,其名词前不加任何冠词。例如：Child as he was, he had t make a living.
D)用于n sner…than…,hardly…when和nt until的句型中。例如：Nt until the teacher came did he finish his hmewrk.
E)用于never, hardly, seldm, scarcely, barely, little, ften, at n time, nt nly, nt nce等词开头的句子。 例如：Never shall I d this again.
Little did he knw wh the wman was.
F)用于以nly开头的句子(nly修饰副词,介词短语或状语从句时)。例如：Only this afternn did I finish the nvel.
G)如果nly后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装。 例如：Only Wang Ling knws this.
H)用于某些表示祝愿的句子。例如：May yu succeed! 祝你成功!
十八、特殊的名词复数
stmach－stmachs，
a German－three Germans,
an American－tw Americans，
man ck - men cks;
papers 报纸, 文件
manners礼貌
drinks饮料
in a wrd 简言之
in ther wrds 换句话说
have wrds with 与某人吵嘴
have a few wrds (a wrd) with sb.与某人说几句话
某些集体名词, 如peple, plice, cattle等, 只当复数看待, 谓语动词必须用复数。例如：The plice are searching fr him.