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专题01【生态环保、自然灾害类】阅读理解10篇（原卷版+解析版）
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这是一份专题01【生态环保、自然灾害类】阅读理解10篇（原卷版+解析版），文件包含01生态环保自然灾害类阅读理解10篇原卷版-高考英语快速提⾼阅读能⼒之⾼频主题词块速记docx、01生态环保自然灾害类阅读理解10篇解析版-高考英语快速提⾼阅读能⼒之⾼频主题词块速记docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共46页， 欢迎下载使用。
Passage 1
Earth is in the middle f an insect crisis, with thusands f species declining ver the past several decades. Scientists have ften blamed this n habitat lss r pesticide （杀虫剂）use. But a new study f butterflies in the western United States has fund that warmer fall weather may be an equal, if nt mre, f a factr.
Over the past fur decades, mre than 450 butterfly species have declined at an average rate f nearly 2 percent a year, accrding t a study published in Science. It’s already knwn that the western mnarch butterfly has plummeted in ppulatin by 99.9 percent and was recently denied prtectin by Endangered Species Act in the U. S. But the study revealed lesser-knwn species, like the Bisduval’s blue and Califrnia’s state insect, the Califrnia dgface butterfly, are heading tward extinctin.
"The influence f climate change is driving thse declines, which makes sense because they’re s widespread," says study leader Mathew Frister. T reach their trubling findings, the researchers cmbined databases f the butterfly cunt cnducted by scientists and amateur insect enthusiasts at 72 lcatins in the western U. S. T fcus n the cntributin f climate change, the researchers made sure t include lcatins that were relatively undisturbed by agriculture and human develpment t limit the influence f ther threats t butterflies such as habitat lss and pesticides.
Mre than 200 cities acrss the U.S. are experiencing warmer fall seasns. In Arizna, fr instance, fall temperatures have risen by 0. 2 degree Fahrenheit every decade since 1895. As fr why warming falls are s harmful, it may be cnnected t butterflies’ hibernatin-like diapause (滞育）in the fall. Warmer temperatures culd be frcing the insects, mst f which live arund a year, t stay awake lnger and starve. In ther wrds, they’re "getting ld and fragile and dying sner".
Given that butterflies are key pllinatrs（传花粉者),such declines predict bigger prblems fr plants and even whle ecsystems. Frister adds, " The climate effects will almst certainly affect many ther insects; including bees. " And these effects will " damage" effrts t prtect and restre butterfly habitat.
1.What des the underlined wrd " plummeted" mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Recvered slwly.
B. Decreased sharply.
C. Escaped suddenly.
D. Evlved rapidly.
2. What did the researchers d in Paragraph 3?
A. They ruled ut the effects f human activities.
B. They tried t prtect the habitat f butterflies.
C. They refused t use amateurs’ science data.
D. They identified ther threats t butterflies.
3. Hw d warming falls affect butterflies?
A. They affect butterflies’ natural life cycle.
B. They slw dwn butterflies’ aging prcess.
C. They cause butterflies t lse mre habitats.
D. They frce butterflies t cmpete fr survival.
4. What is the main purpse f the text?
A. T discuss the imprtance f butterfly species.
B. T suggest a way t fight against climate change.
C. T intrduce new methds f studying butterflies.
D. T present a new factr in a species ppulatin decline.
Passage 2
After decades f wrk trying t save the giant panda, Chinese fficials have annunced that the species is n lnger endangered. The pandas have been reclassified in the cuntry frm " endangered"" t " vulnerable（脆弱的）" after effrts t increase the ppulatin. Nw the number
has risen t mre than 1,800 in the wild.
" China has established a relatively cmplete nature reserve system," Cui Shuhng, directr f the Department f Natural Eclgical Prtectin f the Ministry f Eclgy and Envirnment, said n Wednesday. " Large areas f natural ecsystems have been systematically and cmpletely prtected, and wildlife habitats have been effectively imprved. " The latest classificatin upgrade reflects the pandas imprved living cnditins and China’s effrts in keeping their habitats integrated, Cui added.
Bamb makes up 90% f pandas diets, and the animals wuld Hikely starve withut the shts（嫩芽）. Experts believe China’s effrts t replant bamb frests have been the key t the increase in the ppulatin f pandas.
Generally speaking, a panda has t eat at least 26 punds f bamb every day t maintain its energy, s large areas f bamb frests are imprtant t their survival.
Planting bamb als has advantages fr the planet, as the bamb is grass, nt a tree, and is incredibly efficient at absrbing carbn dixide, as well as emitting（发出）35% mre xygen than trees d.
"The Chinese have dne a great jb in investing in panda habitats, expanding reserves and setting up new reserves," Ginette Hemley, senir vice president fr Species Cnservatin at Wrld Wildlife Fund, tld the media. " It is a wnderful example f what can happen when a gvernment is cmmitted t cnservatin. "
Cntinuing China’s success will be dependent n the cuntry prtecting land frm agricultural and urban develpment. As land becmes rarer, measures will need t be extended t prtect mre land, t ensure bamb frests can thrive and finally, t prtect the future f the wrld’s mst lvable, lazy, and mnchrme (black and white ) creature.
1. What d we knw abut the giant panda accrding t Paragraph 1?
A. It is an endangered species.
B. The number f it increases by 1,800 each years
C. Its ppulatin has declined.
D. It has gt a classificatin upgrade.
2. What can be inferred frm Ginette Hemley’s wrds?
A. Scial media make a difference.
B. Panda habitats are getting smaller.
C. The gvernment’s cmmitment is crucial.
D. Setting up new reserves is impssible.
3. What can be the challenge China faces in achieving
cntinued success?
A. Lazy and mnchrme animals.
B. Lack f supprt frm Wrld Wildlife Fund.
C. The emissin f carbn dixide int the atmsphere.
D. The influence f agricultural and urban develpment.
4. Where is this text prbably frm?
A. A news website.B. An fficial reprt.G. A travel magazine.D. A bilgy textbk.
Passage 3
Humans ever spreading presence arund the glbe influences patterns f bilgical evlutin in ways that we are just beginning t explre. On the Galápags Islands, a bdy f evidence shws that the effect f ur presence is increasing.
Luis F. De León frm the University f Massachusetts Bstn, tgether with ther 6 scientists spent tw years bserving Darwin’s finches （雀科小鸟）t evaluate ur effects n their behavir. They started by cnducting feeding bservatins n cexisting finch species at sites that ranged frm nn-urban areas t urban areas. They als emplyed finch-human interactin experiments t
test whether and hw finches respnd t human presence. T measure whether finch feeding preferences varied with the degree f urbanizatin, . "cafeteria " experiments were carried ut—Finches were presented with a selectin f human and native fd items.
The scientists fund that Darwin’s finches fed almst n human fds like rice and ckies r intrduced garden species at urban lcatins. cntrast, at nn-urban sites, finches fed mainly n native plant species and insects. Interactin tests suggest that urban birds get mre accustmed t the presence f humans. Finally, at all sites f regular human presence, finches preferred human fds t natural fds.
The researchers warn that expliting urban envirnments might present challenges fr rganisms, including shrter lifespans brught by the cnsumptin f highly prcessed fds. Furthermre, the year-rund availability f abundant human fds in urban envirnments might affect eclgical and evlutinary prcesses that prmted species diversity. While the results clearly shw a shift t human fds at urban sites, the adaptive significance f that shift is still an
pen questin.
These findings als suggest that human behavir is the main driver f finch preference fr human fds. The researchers prpse a pssibility that the effect f human behavir is facilitated by ur tendency t feed birds, be it directly r inadvertently via fd drpping r littering.
1. Hw did the scientists carry ut the study?
A. By carrying ut experiments in labs.
B. By training finches and bserving results.
C. By bserving finches in natural cnditins.
D. By analyzing findings frm previus experiments.
2. Which is prbably finches favrite fd at nn-urban sites frequently visited by humans?
A. Rice.B. An insect.C. The fruit f a native plant.D. The seed f an intrduced plant.
3. What des the underlined wrd in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Illegally.B. Vluntarily.C. Deliberately.D. Unintentinally.
4. What can we learn frm the findings?
A. All finches bserved are willing t apprach humans.
B. Human fd availability might lead t bidiversity lss.
C. The reasn fr the shift f finch diets remains unknwn.
D. The mre prcessed fds finches cnsume, the lnger they live.
Passage 4
The ygurt that’s past its sell-by date. The banana in yur lunch that turned brwn. The leftvers in the fridge that yu frgt t eat. Fr mst peple, all that fd ges right int the garbage can.
Eight t ten percent f glbal greenhuse gas emissins are related t fd waste, accrding t a reprt by the UN’s Intergvernmental Panel n Climate Change. " When yu thrw away an egg r a Sandwich," says Yvette Cabrera, fd waste directr at the Natural Resurces Defense Cuncil ( NRDG), yu’re als thrwing away all the resurces that went int prducing thse things. "
They include nt nly all the water, land, and fertilizer that went int prducing that fd, but als the massive amunts f fssil fuels used t pwer the farms, transprt the fd, and create the packaging.
Then there’s the issue f what happens t fd after it’s thrwn ut. Mre fd ends up in U.S. landfills than any ther type f trash. Fd rtting in landfills prduces methane（甲烷），a greenhuse gas that’s rughly 25 times mre pwerful at trapping heat in the atmsphere than carbn dixide, which is prduced by burning fssil fuels.
Fd waste is a difficult prblem t slve, thugh, in part because it happens fr different reasns depending n the cuntry. In develping natins, 40 percent f fd is lst befre it ever reaches peple’s hmes, because many f thse cuntries lack the technlgy and tls t preserve fd.
It’s anther stry in wealthier cuntries, where mst f the fd is wasted in peple’s kitchens. Americans, fr example, thrw ut a quarter f their grceries each year, n average, accrding t the NRDC. That’s like ging t the grcery stre, leaving with fur bags f grceries, and then thrwing ne f them int the garbage befre yu get hme.
1. What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A. The prblem f fd waste.
B. The awareness f fd saving.
C. The necessity f fd diversity.
D. The ways f fd preservatin.
2. What des the underlined wrd "They" in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A. The leftvers in the fridge.
B. The packaging materials f prducts.
C. The thrwn eggs r sandwiches.
D. The resurces t prduce fd.
3. What des the authr intend t d in Paragraph 4?
A. Prvide a persuasive example.
B. Add mre backgrund infrmatin.
C. Discuss a mre serius cnsequence.
D. Summarize the previus paragraphs.
4. In what stage des fd waste mainly happen in develped cuntries?
A. Strage.B. Transprtatin.C. Prcessing.D. Cnsumptin.
Passage 5
Created in 1998 by Casey and Shelley Black, the Nrthern Lights Wildlife Wlf Center fcuses n nt nly rescuing yung abandned wlves but educating the public. Unlike ther centers, yu can actually walk with the wlves and have exciting, hands-n interactin with them here. And s, we gathered ne late winter mrning t learn, prepare and walk.
Scrappy and Flra, ur wlves that day, were brught t the center when nly a few days ld. " They lived in the huse with us fr the first several mnths. We treated them like human babies, fed them and slept with them," said Shelley. S, they are ttally used t peple. Hwever, these are wild animals. Fr that reasn, Shelley and Casey explained, the walk is ttally n the wlf’s terms. "We dn’t apprach them, but if they cme up t us, we can tuch them."
With all this in mind, we headed fr the wds. We were walking n a lgging rad when suddenly, Flra, all 60 punds f her, hurried up t me and raised up n her legs. She was almst as tall as me. As she leaned in, put her huge muddy paws n my shulders and sniffed my face, apparently she was saying hell in wlf talk.
We walked farther, maybe half a mile, while Scrappy and Flra dashed in and ut f the wds stpping ccasinally t rll in the snw, dig fr this r that and just play. Then we all headed int the trees t a picturesque stream where the wlves splashed, drank and had a great time.
One culd pint ut that this whle adventure was staged and quite artificial. But the purpse, Casey and Shelley said, is t explain the wlves place in the envirnment and, primarily, t let peple knw wlves dn’t have t be universally feared they really dn’t hide secretly in the wds just waiting t eat peple, but they’d rather avid peple, fr the mst part.
1. Hw is the Nrthern Lights Wildlife Wlf Center different frm thers?
A. It trains and educates wild wlves.
B. It aims t rescue yung abandned wlves.
C. It raises wlves fr cmmercial purpses.
D. It allws visitrs t take a walk with wlves.
2. What can be inferred frm Shelley and Casey’s explanatin in
Paragraph 2?
A. The walk can be ptentially dangerus.
B. The wlves have lst all their wildness.
C. Peple shuld get clse t the wlves actively.
D. The wlves can read peple’s mind like human babies.
3. Why did Flra behave like that when she saw the authr n the lgging rad?
A. T express curisity.
B. T shw friendliness.
C. T attract attentin.
D. T seek cmpaninship.
4. Why d Casey and Shelley rganize such an adventure?
A. T advertise the center.
B. T publicize wlf hunting.
C. T prmte envirnmental prtectin.
D. T clarify sme cnventinal views f wlves.
Passage 6
Only 366 Nrth Atlantic right whales are left, representing a shcking 8% decline in a single year and the lwest number in abut 20 years fr this famus species. Human impacts - specifically fishing nets and ship strikes - remain the biggest threats t the survival f this species in eastern Canada and the United States.
Nrth Atlantic right whales have been in decline since 2011 when the species was at an estimated 481 whales. In the past decade, the species has decreased by 30%. Recent research shws these threats are affecting their verall health with less energy t devte tward grwth and reprductin (繁殖), and bdy lengths reducing ver the past fur decades. Researchers estimate there are fewer than 100 breeding（繁育的）females alive and mre than 86% f identified whales had been entangled （被网困住）at least nce in their lifetime.
There is still hpe: in 2021, scientists tracked 18 mther-kid pairs, a number that is cause fr ptimism - thugh still well belw the annual average f 23 pairs frm the previus decade.
Industry representatives, gvernment agencies, and rganizatins, including WWF, gathered in Octber 2011 at the annual Nrth Atlantic Right Whale Cnsrtium meeting t discuss and arrange right whale cnservatin effrts in the US and Canada.
"It’s ging t be challenging, but everyne invlved in right whale cnservatin believes we can create an envirnment where right whales can bunce back," said Chris Jhnsn, the glbal leader fr WWF’s Prtecting Whales and Dlphins initiative. "Hwever, it’s ging t take significant investment and the greatest urgency and cmmitment t create cnditins where we prevent entanglements and cllisins with ships in the whales’ critical habitats."
1. Which f the fllwing best describes the right whale ppulatin?
A. Well cnserved.B. Slwly decreasing.
C. Rapidly grwing.D. Critically endangered.
2. What des Chris Jhnsn say abut the right whale cnservatin?
A. It needs the gvernment t ban fishing in certain areas.
B. It will nt wrk withut funds frm the gvernment.,
C. It can help increase the number f right whales.
D. It is nt practical and will fail eventually.
3. What can we learn abut female right whales?
A. Mst f them have never been entangled.
B. Mther right whales may have slightly decreased.
C. There are mre female right whales than male right whales.
D. Their ppulatin has decreased by 30% in the past decade.
3. What can be inferred abut the right whale species?
A. Their size has been decreasing due t climate changes.
B. They may have fund hme in ther parts f the cean.
C. They were hunted by peple fr their meat in the past.
D. They are well n the way t dying ut if nt well prtect.
Passage 7
The Adélie penguin, which has been named Pingu, was discvered by a lcal resident Harry Singh "lking lst" n the shres f New Zealand, ver 3, 000 kilmeters away frm its natural habitat. "
At first I thught it was a sft ty," Singh tld the media. "But suddenly the penguin mved its head, s I realized it was real. It didn’t mve fr ne hur... and lked exhausted. " He then called penguin rescuers as he was cncerned that it was nt getting int the water, making it a ptential target fr any predatry（捕食性) animals wandering n the beach.
On arriving at the scene, Thmas Stracke, wh has been rehabilitating (1€ A IL) penguins n New Zealand’s Suth Island fr the last 10 years, was shcked t find that the penguin was an Adélie penguin - a species that lives exclusively n the Antarctic peninsula. Stracke said, "It is quite unusual since they are knwn nly living in the Antarctic area. Frtunately, apart frm being a bit starving and severely dehydrated, it was actually nt t bad, s we gave it sme fluids and sme fish smthies. "
It is nly the third recrded incident f an Adélie penguin being fund n New Zealand’s cast - the previus recrded incidents were in 1962 and 1993 —and althugh sites remain incredibly rare, if they becme mre cmmn it culd be a wrrying sign, say experts.
" I think if we started getting annual arrivals f Adélie penguins, we’d g actually. Smething’s changed in the cean that we need t understand," zlgy prfessr Philip Seddn in the University f Otag tld The Guardian. " Mre studies will give us mre understanding abut where penguins g, what they d, what the ppulatin trends are like - they’re ging t tell us smething abut the health f that cean ecsystem in general. "
Pingu has nw been released int a bay n the Banks Peninsula, and it is hped that it may be able t make the jurney hme.
1. What happened t Pingu?
A. It was hunted by lcal peple.
B. It lst its fd and lked upset.
C. It was finding a new natural habitat.
D. It landed New Zealand by accident.
2. What des the authr intend t d in Paragraph 4?
A. Intrduce a new tpic t discuss.
B. List numbers t prve an pinin.
C. Add sme backgrund infrmatin.
D. Summarize the previus paragraphs.
3. What can be inferred frm Philip’s wrds?
A. The number f penguins is n the decrease.
B. The health f the cean ecsystem shuld be cncerned.
C. Mre studies abut penguins have been undertaken.
D. Adélie penguins have built habitats in New Zealand.
4. What can be the best title f the text?
A. The Unexpected Arrival f a Rare Penguin
B. The Dangerus Situatin f Adélie Penguins
C. An Amazing Discvery by a Lcal Resident
D. Magical Travel t New Zealand
Passage 8
Students at Hunville High Schl in Australia are riding bikes ut f desire t fight climate change, carrying ut a dizzyingly-thrugh transfrmatin f their schl building int an energy-efficient inspiratin.
It’s paying ff big time, as they’ve helped save $ 44,000 in utility bills since they started their energy- saving prject, but it’s als inspiring yung peple in the cmmunity. Recently the schl wn the Zayed FutureEnergy Prize f $ 133,000, sme f which was used t turn a building int the Zayed Future Energy Hub, a clubhuse where 13 vlunteers learn and teach abut hw renewable energy can be applied t ur everyday lives.
Amng all the efficiency adjustments, they set up slar panels n the rf, and replaced the ld windws with duble and triple glazed nes. They added apprved insulatin( 隔热）and energy-efficient curtains. They even have statinary bikes that create electricity t ck dughnuts.
The classrm was cld in the mrnings, but the students wanted zer carbn emissin thrugh their heating. S they went ut and gt a pellet stve, and then if that wasn’t enugh, they went ut and built a pellet mill （颗粒机）t make their fuel frm waste sawdust.
Pwering ne small building n a high schl campus r cking dughnuts in renewable fat fryers is nice, but will d little n their wn t slw glbal climate change. Hwever, the Hub is much mre abut the big picture. Nel Smit, the vlunteer teacher - head f the Hub, knws their biggest cntributin is exciting the minds f the next generatin.
"This little schl in the Hun Valley is actually ding amazing things," Smit said. " It’s raised public awareness f renewable energy, energy efficiency, and pprtunities in the cmmunity fr engaging peple in that srt f technlgy."
1. What’s special abut Hunville High Schl?
A. It attaches imprtance t riding bikes.
B. It prmtes the idea f energy saving.
C. It encurages students t be creative.
D. It is pwered entirely by slar energy.
2. What can be learned abut Zayed Future Energy Hub?
A. It is a club center fr vlunteers.
B. It is the place t prduce energy.
C. It is built at the cst f $ 133,000.
D. It is used t hld learning activities.
3. Why did students make fuel frm waste sawdust?
A. T save the electricity bill.
B. T keep lw carbn emissins.
C. T get rid f waste sawdust.
D. T test the pellet stve.
4. What is the greatest cntributin f the prject accrding t Smit?
A. Saving a lt f energy.
B. Creating mre great minds.
C. Educating the next generatin.
D. Slwing glbal climate change.
Passage 9
City parks have lng been a place fr urban residents t get a small amunt f green. As cities increasingly feel the impacts f rising seas and temperatures, peple are rethinking the rles f urban parks.
All f the dark-gray asphalt（沥青） in cities cllect heat. Dallas is ne f the cuntry’s fastest-warming cities thanks in part t its extensive impervius（不透水的）surfaces, but with a new $ 312 millin bnd package, the city is hping t change that. Using satellite data, the city is able t see what neighbrhds mst need the cling effect f green space.
Cities are increasingly flding and city planners think parks can help with this issue t. A reprt published in February by The Nature Cnservancy lked at the best ways t deal with flding in Hustn, a city with many neighbrhds built n fldplains and regularly flded by rising waters. Offering affected hmewners buyuts and transfrming hmes int green space wuld save mre mney than installing infrastructure（基础设施）like pipes, they fund.
Brendan Shane, a climate prgram directr, says parks can create pprtunities fr peple t exercise and play, in additin t cling neighbrhds and absrbing fldwater. " The strnger the bnds are between neighbrs, the better they are able t react t a shck," he says.
" Nt a single slutin by itself will avid the climate crisis. We see parks as an imprtant part f it, but there is n silver bullet," says Diane Regas, CEO f The Trust fr Public Land. " Parks are an example f what we in the envirnmental cmmunity need t d t reach slutins that address climate change and make peple’s lives better at the same time. "
1. What des the city Dallas want t deal with?
A. The lack f green space. B. The way f cllecting heat.
C. The effect f rising seas. D. The bnd between neighbrhds.
2. What can be inferred frm the reprt by The Nature Cnservancy?
A. Cities in the wrld are frequently flded.
B. City parks may help prevent city flding.
C. Cities needn’t invest much mney in infrastructure.
D. City parks affect peple’s chice f a neighbrhd.
3. What des Brendan Shane say abut parks?
A. They can enable peple t get ver a shck.
B. They can reduce air pllutin effectively.
C. They can perfrm psitive scial functins.
D. They can help peple t keep a cl head.
4. What des the underlined phrase " silver bullet" in paragraph 5 mean?
A. A fast and effective slutin.B. A successful example.
C. An immediate and clear cause.D. An impractical methd.
Passage 10
Fashin designers are always lking fr new materials t wrk with. Lately, it’s all abut envirnment-friendly materials recycled tires, mushrms, even pineapple fibers! What if yu want
such a pair f shes? Thaely is here t help.
This sneaker brand ut f Dubai wants t fight the grwing prblem f plastic pllutin. Led by 23-year-ld Indian businessman Ashay Bhave, they may have fund a winning apprach: making shes ut f plastic grcery bags. "Thaely" means" plastic bag" in the Hindi language.
" I was lking t create ftwear that is cst-effective and safe fr the envirnment," Bhave said in an interview with a newspaper. " I needed t cme up with smething that uses recycled plastic withut creating any mre plastic waste. " Plastic bags were the perfect slutin. He said five trillin plastic bags are used arund the wrld each year. "I was mtivated t find a slutin t this prblem, " Bhave said.
That slutin was the fiber called ThaelyTex. Made entirely frm plastic bags, the material lks and feels like leather. That sunds prmising. Better yet, the prductin prcess requires n additinal chemicals and prduces n pisnus by-prducts. The result is a smart-lking pair f white lw-tp sneakers.
Bhave wuldn’t expse the full prcess fr making ThaelyTex, but he said that each pair f shes was made frm up t 15 plastic bags and 22 plastic bttles. Where d they get the materials? Bhave tld Elle that was the hardest part. "The biggest challenge we faced was right at the first step f acquiring the plastic bags. "
Finally, they gt help frm TriTap Technlgies, a waste management plant. Bhave said they ffered t cllect the bags and als prcess them int ThaelyTex.
S far, it seems like things are falling int place. There are already hundreds f pre-rders in place. It sunds like they have sme plans fr the future. " We have a few mre clrs cming up," said Bhave. They als plan t put ut a high-tp mdel and bring in a line f clthing. Let’s hpe their grwth is als friendly t the envirnment.
1. Why did Bhave chse t make shes ut f plastic bags?
A. T set a new ftwear trend.
B. T test new materials fr ftwear.
C. T reduce the use f plastic bags in his hme cuntry.
D. T use recycled plastic in an envirnment-friendly way.
2. What was the mst difficult task fr Bhave?
A. Having a few mre clrs fr Thaely.
B. Prcessing plastic bags int ThaelyTex.
C. Cllecting enugh prductin materials.
D. Dealing with many pisnus by-prducts.
3. The underlined part "put ut" in the last paragraph prbably means"
A. prduceB. designC. prvideD. bradcast
4. What can be the best title fr this passage?
A. Bhave: a prmising yung man
B. Thaely: the killer f waste plastic bags
C. ThaelyTex: the material ut f plastic bags
D. TriTap Technlgies: a waste management plant
Passage 1
Earth is in the middle f an insect crisis, with thusands f species declining ver the past several decades. Scientists have ften blamed this n habitat lss r pesticide （杀虫剂）use. But a new study f butterflies in the western United States has fund that warmer fall weather may be an equal, if nt mre, f a factr.
Over the past fur decades, mre than 450 butterfly species have declined at an average rate f nearly 2 percent a year, accrding t a study published in Science. It’s already knwn that the western mnarch butterfly has plummeted in ppulatin by 99.9 percent and was recently denied prtectin by Endangered Species Act in the U. S. But the study revealed lesser-knwn species, like the Bisduval’s blue and Califrnia’s state insect, the Califrnia dgface butterfly, are heading tward extinctin.
"The influence f climate change is driving thse declines, which makes sense because they’re s widespread," says study leader Mathew Frister. T reach their trubling findings, the researchers cmbined databases f the butterfly cunt cnducted by scientists and amateur insect enthusiasts at 72 lcatins in the western U. S. T fcus n the cntributin f climate change, the researchers made sure t include lcatins that were relatively undisturbed by agriculture and human develpment t limit the influence f ther threats t butterflies such as habitat lss and pesticides.
Mre than 200 cities acrss the U.S. are experiencing warmer fall seasns. In Arizna, fr instance, fall temperatures have risen by 0. 2 degree Fahrenheit every decade since 1895. As fr why warming falls are s harmful, it may be cnnected t butterflies’ hibernatin-like diapause (滞育）in the fall. Warmer temperatures culd be frcing the insects, mst f which live arund a year, t stay awake lnger and starve. In ther wrds, they’re "getting ld and fragile and dying sner".
Given that butterflies are key pllinatrs（传花粉者),such declines predict bigger prblems fr plants and even whle ecsystems. Frister adds, " The climate effects will almst certainly affect many ther insects; including bees. " And these effects will " damage" effrts t prtect and restre butterfly habitat.
1.What des the underlined wrd " plummeted" mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Recvered slwly.
B. Decreased sharply.
C. Escaped suddenly.
D. Evlved rapidly.
2. What did the researchers d in Paragraph 3?
A. They ruled ut the effects f human activities.
B. They tried t prtect the habitat f butterflies.
C. They refused t use amateurs’ science data.
D. They identified ther threats t butterflies.
3. Hw d warming falls affect butterflies?
A. They affect butterflies’ natural life cycle.
B. They slw dwn butterflies’ aging prcess.
C. They cause butterflies t lse mre habitats.
D. They frce butterflies t cmpete fr survival.
4. What is the main purpse f the text?
A. T discuss the imprtance f butterfly species.
B. T suggest a way t fight against climate change.
C. T intrduce new methds f studying butterflies.
D. T present a new factr in a species ppulatin decline.
Passage 2
After decades f wrk trying t save the giant panda, Chinese fficials have annunced that the species is n lnger endangered. The pandas have been reclassified in the cuntry frm " endangered"" t " vulnerable（脆弱的）" after effrts t increase the ppulatin. Nw the number
has risen t mre than 1,800 in the wild.
" China has established a relatively cmplete nature reserve system," Cui Shuhng, directr f the Department f Natural Eclgical Prtectin f the Ministry f Eclgy and Envirnment, said n Wednesday. " Large areas f natural ecsystems have been systematically and cmpletely prtected, and wildlife habitats have been effectively imprved. " The latest classificatin upgrade reflects the pandas imprved living cnditins and China’s effrts in keeping their habitats integrated, Cui added.
Bamb makes up 90% f pandas diets, and the animals wuld Hikely starve withut the shts（嫩芽）. Experts believe China’s effrts t replant bamb frests have been the key t the increase in the ppulatin f pandas.
Generally speaking, a panda has t eat at least 26 punds f bamb every day t maintain its energy, s large areas f bamb frests are imprtant t their survival.
Planting bamb als has advantages fr the planet, as the bamb is grass, nt a tree, and is incredibly efficient at absrbing carbn dixide, as well as emitting（发出）35% mre xygen than trees d.
"The Chinese have dne a great jb in investing in panda habitats, expanding reserves and setting up new reserves," Ginette Hemley, senir vice president fr Species Cnservatin at Wrld Wildlife Fund, tld the media. " It is a wnderful example f what can happen when a gvernment is cmmitted t cnservatin. "
Cntinuing China’s success will be dependent n the cuntry prtecting land frm agricultural and urban develpment. As land becmes rarer, measures will need t be extended t prtect mre land, t ensure bamb frests can thrive and finally, t prtect the future f the wrld’s mst lvable, lazy, and mnchrme (black and white ) creature.
1. What d we knw abut the giant panda accrding t Paragraph 1?
A. It is an endangered species.
B. The number f it increases by 1,800 each years
C. Its ppulatin has declined.
D. It has gt a classificatin upgrade.
2. What can be inferred frm Ginette Hemley’s wrds?
A. Scial media make a difference.
B. Panda habitats are getting smaller.
C. The gvernment’s cmmitment is crucial.
D. Setting up new reserves is impssible.
3. What can be the challenge China faces in achieving
cntinued success?
A. Lazy and mnchrme animals.
B. Lack f supprt frm Wrld Wildlife Fund.
C. The emissin f carbn dixide int the atmsphere.
D. The influence f agricultural and urban develpment.
4. Where is this text prbably frm?
A. A news website.B. An fficial reprt.G. A travel magazine.D. A bilgy textbk.
Passage 3
Humans ever spreading presence arund the glbe influences patterns f bilgical evlutin in ways that we are just beginning t explre. On the Galápags Islands, a bdy f evidence shws that the effect f ur presence is increasing.
Luis F. De León frm the University f Massachusetts Bstn, tgether with ther 6 scientists spent tw years bserving Darwin’s finches （雀科小鸟）t evaluate ur effects n their behavir. They started by cnducting feeding bservatins n cexisting finch species at sites that ranged frm nn-urban areas t urban areas. They als emplyed finch-human interactin experiments t
test whether and hw finches respnd t human presence. T measure whether finch feeding preferences varied with the degree f urbanizatin, . "cafeteria " experiments were carried ut—Finches were presented with a selectin f human and native fd items.
The scientists fund that Darwin’s finches fed almst n human fds like rice and ckies r intrduced garden species at urban lcatins. cntrast, at nn-urban sites, finches fed mainly n native plant species and insects. Interactin tests suggest that urban birds get mre accustmed t the presence f humans. Finally, at all sites f regular human presence, finches preferred human fds t natural fds.
The researchers warn that expliting urban envirnments might present challenges fr rganisms, including shrter lifespans brught by the cnsumptin f highly prcessed fds. Furthermre, the year-rund availability f abundant human fds in urban envirnments might affect eclgical and evlutinary prcesses that prmted species diversity. While the results clearly shw a shift t human fds at urban sites, the adaptive significance f that shift is still an
pen questin.
These findings als suggest that human behavir is the main driver f finch preference fr human fds. The researchers prpse a pssibility that the effect f human behavir is facilitated by ur tendency t feed birds, be it directly r inadvertently via fd drpping r littering.
1. Hw did the scientists carry ut the study?
A. By carrying ut experiments in labs.
B. By training finches and bserving results.
C. By bserving finches in natural cnditins.
D. By analyzing findings frm previus experiments.
2. Which is prbably finches favrite fd at nn-urban sites frequently visited by humans?
A. Rice.B. An insect.C. The fruit f a native plant.D. The seed f an intrduced plant.
3. What des the underlined wrd in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Illegally.B. Vluntarily.C. Deliberately.D. Unintentinally.
4. What can we learn frm the findings?
A. All finches bserved are willing t apprach humans.
B. Human fd availability might lead t bidiversity lss.
C. The reasn fr the shift f finch diets remains unknwn.
D. The mre prcessed fds finches cnsume, the lnger they live.
Passage 4
The ygurt that’s past its sell-by date. The banana in yur lunch that turned brwn. The leftvers in the fridge that yu frgt t eat. Fr mst peple, all that fd ges right int the garbage can.
Eight t ten percent f glbal greenhuse gas emissins are related t fd waste, accrding t a reprt by the UN’s Intergvernmental Panel n Climate Change. " When yu thrw away an egg r a Sandwich," says Yvette Cabrera, fd waste directr at the Natural Resurces Defense Cuncil ( NRDG), yu’re als thrwing away all the resurces that went int prducing thse things. "
They include nt nly all the water, land, and fertilizer that went int prducing that fd, but als the massive amunts f fssil fuels used t pwer the farms, transprt the fd, and create the packaging.
Then there’s the issue f what happens t fd after it’s thrwn ut. Mre fd ends up in U.S. landfills than any ther type f trash. Fd rtting in landfills prduces methane（甲烷），a greenhuse gas that’s rughly 25 times mre pwerful at trapping heat in the atmsphere than carbn dixide, which is prduced by burning fssil fuels.
Fd waste is a difficult prblem t slve, thugh, in part because it happens fr different reasns depending n the cuntry. In develping natins, 40 percent f fd is lst befre it ever reaches peple’s hmes, because many f thse cuntries lack the technlgy and tls t preserve fd.
It’s anther stry in wealthier cuntries, where mst f the fd is wasted in peple’s kitchens. Americans, fr example, thrw ut a quarter f their grceries each year, n average, accrding t the NRDC. That’s like ging t the grcery stre, leaving with fur bags f grceries, and then thrwing ne f them int the garbage befre yu get hme.
1. What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A. The prblem f fd waste.
B. The awareness f fd saving.
C. The necessity f fd diversity.
D. The ways f fd preservatin.
2. What des the underlined wrd "They" in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A. The leftvers in the fridge.
B. The packaging materials f prducts.
C. The thrwn eggs r sandwiches.
D. The resurces t prduce fd.
3. What des the authr intend t d in Paragraph 4?
A. Prvide a persuasive example.
B. Add mre backgrund infrmatin.
C. Discuss a mre serius cnsequence.
D. Summarize the previus paragraphs.
4. In what stage des fd waste mainly happen in develped cuntries?
A. Strage.B. Transprtatin.C. Prcessing.D. Cnsumptin.
Passage 5
Created in 1998 by Casey and Shelley Black, the Nrthern Lights Wildlife Wlf Center fcuses n nt nly rescuing yung abandned wlves but educating the public. Unlike ther centers, yu can actually walk with the wlves and have exciting, hands-n interactin with them here. And s, we gathered ne late winter mrning t learn, prepare and walk.
Scrappy and Flra, ur wlves that day, were brught t the center when nly a few days ld. " They lived in the huse with us fr the first several mnths. We treated them like human babies, fed them and slept with them," said Shelley. S, they are ttally used t peple. Hwever, these are wild animals. Fr that reasn, Shelley and Casey explained, the walk is ttally n the wlf’s terms. "We dn’t apprach them, but if they cme up t us, we can tuch them."
With all this in mind, we headed fr the wds. We were walking n a lgging rad when suddenly, Flra, all 60 punds f her, hurried up t me and raised up n her legs. She was almst as tall as me. As she leaned in, put her huge muddy paws n my shulders and sniffed my face, apparently she was saying hell in wlf talk.
We walked farther, maybe half a mile, while Scrappy and Flra dashed in and ut f the wds stpping ccasinally t rll in the snw, dig fr this r that and just play. Then we all headed int the trees t a picturesque stream where the wlves splashed, drank and had a great time.
One culd pint ut that this whle adventure was staged and quite artificial. But the purpse, Casey and Shelley said, is t explain the wlves place in the envirnment and, primarily, t let peple knw wlves dn’t have t be universally feared they really dn’t hide secretly in the wds just waiting t eat peple, but they’d rather avid peple, fr the mst part.
1. Hw is the Nrthern Lights Wildlife Wlf Center different frm thers?
A. It trains and educates wild wlves.
B. It aims t rescue yung abandned wlves.
C. It raises wlves fr cmmercial purpses.
D. It allws visitrs t take a walk with wlves.
2. What can be inferred frm Shelley and Casey’s explanatin in
Paragraph 2?
A. The walk can be ptentially dangerus.
B. The wlves have lst all their wildness.
C. Peple shuld get clse t the wlves actively.
D. The wlves can read peple’s mind like human babies.
3. Why did Flra behave like that when she saw the authr n the lgging rad?
A. T express curisity.
B. T shw friendliness.
C. T attract attentin.
D. T seek cmpaninship.
4. Why d Casey and Shelley rganize such an adventure?
A. T advertise the center.
B. T publicize wlf hunting.
C. T prmte envirnmental prtectin.
D. T clarify sme cnventinal views f wlves.
Passage 6
Only 366 Nrth Atlantic right whales are left, representing a shcking 8% decline in a single year and the lwest number in abut 20 years fr this famus species. Human impacts - specifically fishing nets and ship strikes - remain the biggest threats t the survival f this species in eastern Canada and the United States.
Nrth Atlantic right whales have been in decline since 2011 when the species was at an estimated 481 whales. In the past decade, the species has decreased by 30%. Recent research shws these threats are affecting their verall health with less energy t devte tward grwth and reprductin (繁殖), and bdy lengths reducing ver the past fur decades. Researchers estimate there are fewer than 100 breeding（繁育的）females alive and mre than 86% f identified whales had been entangled （被网困住）at least nce in their lifetime.
There is still hpe: in 2021, scientists tracked 18 mther-kid pairs, a number that is cause fr ptimism - thugh still well belw the annual average f 23 pairs frm the previus decade.
Industry representatives, gvernment agencies, and rganizatins, including WWF, gathered in Octber 2011 at the annual Nrth Atlantic Right Whale Cnsrtium meeting t discuss and arrange right whale cnservatin effrts in the US and Canada.
"It’s ging t be challenging, but everyne invlved in right whale cnservatin believes we can create an envirnment where right whales can bunce back," said Chris Jhnsn, the glbal leader fr WWF’s Prtecting Whales and Dlphins initiative. "Hwever, it’s ging t take significant investment and the greatest urgency and cmmitment t create cnditins where we prevent entanglements and cllisins with ships in the whales’ critical habitats."
1. Which f the fllwing best describes the right whale ppulatin?
A. Well cnserved.B. Slwly decreasing.
C. Rapidly grwing.D. Critically endangered.
2. What des Chris Jhnsn say abut the right whale cnservatin?
A. It needs the gvernment t ban fishing in certain areas.
B. It will nt wrk withut funds frm the gvernment.,
C. It can help increase the number f right whales.
D. It is nt practical and will fail eventually.
3. What can we learn abut female right whales?
A. Mst f them have never been entangled.
B. Mther right whales may have slightly decreased.
C. There are mre female right whales than male right whales.
D. Their ppulatin has decreased by 30% in the past decade.
3. What can be inferred abut the right whale species?
A. Their size has been decreasing due t climate changes.
B. They may have fund hme in ther parts f the cean.
C. They were hunted by peple fr their meat in the past.
D. They are well n the way t dying ut if nt well prtect.
Passage 7
The Adélie penguin, which has been named Pingu, was discvered by a lcal resident Harry Singh "lking lst" n the shres f New Zealand, ver 3, 000 kilmeters away frm its natural habitat. "
At first I thught it was a sft ty," Singh tld the media. "But suddenly the penguin mved its head, s I realized it was real. It didn’t mve fr ne hur... and lked exhausted. " He then called penguin rescuers as he was cncerned that it was nt getting int the water, making it a ptential target fr any predatry（捕食性) animals wandering n the beach.
On arriving at the scene, Thmas Stracke, wh has been rehabilitating (1€ A IL) penguins n New Zealand’s Suth Island fr the last 10 years, was shcked t find that the penguin was an Adélie penguin - a species that lives exclusively n the Antarctic peninsula. Stracke said, "It is quite unusual since they are knwn nly living in the Antarctic area. Frtunately, apart frm being a bit starving and severely dehydrated, it was actually nt t bad, s we gave it sme fluids and sme fish smthies. "
It is nly the third recrded incident f an Adélie penguin being fund n New Zealand’s cast - the previus recrded incidents were in 1962 and 1993 —and althugh sites remain incredibly rare, if they becme mre cmmn it culd be a wrrying sign, say experts.
" I think if we started getting annual arrivals f Adélie penguins, we’d g actually. Smething’s changed in the cean that we need t understand," zlgy prfessr Philip Seddn in the University f Otag tld The Guardian. " Mre studies will give us mre understanding abut where penguins g, what they d, what the ppulatin trends are like - they’re ging t tell us smething abut the health f that cean ecsystem in general. "
Pingu has nw been released int a bay n the Banks Peninsula, and it is hped that it may be able t make the jurney hme.
1. What happened t Pingu?
A. It was hunted by lcal peple.
B. It lst its fd and lked upset.
C. It was finding a new natural habitat.
D. It landed New Zealand by accident.
2. What des the authr intend t d in Paragraph 4?
A. Intrduce a new tpic t discuss.
B. List numbers t prve an pinin.
C. Add sme backgrund infrmatin.
D. Summarize the previus paragraphs.
3. What can be inferred frm Philip’s wrds?
A. The number f penguins is n the decrease.
B. The health f the cean ecsystem shuld be cncerned.
C. Mre studies abut penguins have been undertaken.
D. Adélie penguins have built habitats in New Zealand.
4. What can be the best title f the text?
A. The Unexpected Arrival f a Rare Penguin
B. The Dangerus Situatin f Adélie Penguins
C. An Amazing Discvery by a Lcal Resident
D. Magical Travel t New Zealand
Passage 8
Students at Hunville High Schl in Australia are riding bikes ut f desire t fight climate change, carrying ut a dizzyingly-thrugh transfrmatin f their schl building int an energy-efficient inspiratin.
It’s paying ff big time, as they’ve helped save $ 44,000 in utility bills since they started their energy- saving prject, but it’s als inspiring yung peple in the cmmunity. Recently the schl wn the Zayed FutureEnergy Prize f $ 133,000, sme f which was used t turn a building int the Zayed Future Energy Hub, a clubhuse where 13 vlunteers learn and teach abut hw renewable energy can be applied t ur everyday lives.
Amng all the efficiency adjustments, they set up slar panels n the rf, and replaced the ld windws with duble and triple glazed nes. They added apprved insulatin( 隔热）and energy-efficient curtains. They even have statinary bikes that create electricity t ck dughnuts.
The classrm was cld in the mrnings, but the students wanted zer carbn emissin thrugh their heating. S they went ut and gt a pellet stve, and then if that wasn’t enugh, they went ut and built a pellet mill （颗粒机）t make their fuel frm waste sawdust.
Pwering ne small building n a high schl campus r cking dughnuts in renewable fat fryers is nice, but will d little n their wn t slw glbal climate change. Hwever, the Hub is much mre abut the big picture. Nel Smit, the vlunteer teacher - head f the Hub, knws their biggest cntributin is exciting the minds f the next generatin.
"This little schl in the Hun Valley is actually ding amazing things," Smit said. " It’s raised public awareness f renewable energy, energy efficiency, and pprtunities in the cmmunity fr engaging peple in that srt f technlgy."
1. What’s special abut Hunville High Schl?
A. It attaches imprtance t riding bikes.
B. It prmtes the idea f energy saving.
C. It encurages students t be creative.
D. It is pwered entirely by slar energy.
2. What can be learned abut Zayed Future Energy Hub?
A. It is a club center fr vlunteers.
B. It is the place t prduce energy.
C. It is built at the cst f $ 133,000.
D. It is used t hld learning activities.
3. Why did students make fuel frm waste sawdust?
A. T save the electricity bill.
B. T keep lw carbn emissins.
C. T get rid f waste sawdust.
D. T test the pellet stve.
4. What is the greatest cntributin f the prject accrding t Smit?
A. Saving a lt f energy.
B. Creating mre great minds.
C. Educating the next generatin.
D. Slwing glbal climate change.
Passage 9
City parks have lng been a place fr urban residents t get a small amunt f green. As cities increasingly feel the impacts f rising seas and temperatures, peple are rethinking the rles f urban parks.
All f the dark-gray asphalt（沥青） in cities cllect heat. Dallas is ne f the cuntry’s fastest-warming cities thanks in part t its extensive impervius（不透水的）surfaces, but with a new $ 312 millin bnd package, the city is hping t change that. Using satellite data, the city is able t see what neighbrhds mst need the cling effect f green space.
Cities are increasingly flding and city planners think parks can help with this issue t. A reprt published in February by The Nature Cnservancy lked at the best ways t deal with flding in Hustn, a city with many neighbrhds built n fldplains and regularly flded by rising waters. Offering affected hmewners buyuts and transfrming hmes int green space wuld save mre mney than installing infrastructure（基础设施）like pipes, they fund.
Brendan Shane, a climate prgram directr, says parks can create pprtunities fr peple t exercise and play, in additin t cling neighbrhds and absrbing fldwater. " The strnger the bnds are between neighbrs, the better they are able t react t a shck," he says.
" Nt a single slutin by itself will avid the climate crisis. We see parks as an imprtant part f it, but there is n silver bullet," says Diane Regas, CEO f The Trust fr Public Land. " Parks are an example f what we in the envirnmental cmmunity need t d t reach slutins that address climate change and make peple’s lives better at the same time. "
1. What des the city Dallas want t deal with?
A. The lack f green space. B. The way f cllecting heat.
C. The effect f rising seas. D. The bnd between neighbrhds.
2. What can be inferred frm the reprt by The Nature Cnservancy?
A. Cities in the wrld are frequently flded.
B. City parks may help prevent city flding.
C. Cities needn’t invest much mney in infrastructure.
D. City parks affect peple’s chice f a neighbrhd.
3. What des Brendan Shane say abut parks?
A. They can enable peple t get ver a shck.
B. They can reduce air pllutin effectively.
C. They can perfrm psitive scial functins.
D. They can help peple t keep a cl head.
4. What des the underlined phrase " silver bullet" in paragraph 5 mean?
A. A fast and effective slutin.B. A successful example.
C. An immediate and clear cause.D. An impractical methd.
Passage 10
Fashin designers are always lking fr new materials t wrk with. Lately, it’s all abut envirnment-friendly materials recycled tires, mushrms, even pineapple fibers! What if yu want
such a pair f shes? Thaely is here t help.
This sneaker brand ut f Dubai wants t fight the grwing prblem f plastic pllutin. Led by 23-year-ld Indian businessman Ashay Bhave, they may have fund a winning apprach: making shes ut f plastic grcery bags. "Thaely" means" plastic bag" in the Hindi language.
" I was lking t create ftwear that is cst-effective and safe fr the envirnment," Bhave said in an interview with a newspaper. " I needed t cme up with smething that uses recycled plastic withut creating any mre plastic waste. " Plastic bags were the perfect slutin. He said five trillin plastic bags are used arund the wrld each year. "I was mtivated t find a slutin t this prblem, " Bhave said.
That slutin was the fiber called ThaelyTex. Made entirely frm plastic bags, the material lks and feels like leather. That sunds prmising. Better yet, the prductin prcess requires n additinal chemicals and prduces n pisnus by-prducts. The result is a smart-lking pair f white lw-tp sneakers.
Bhave wuldn’t expse the full prcess fr making ThaelyTex, but he said that each pair f shes was made frm up t 15 plastic bags and 22 plastic bttles. Where d they get the materials? Bhave tld Elle that was the hardest part. "The biggest challenge we faced was right at the first step f acquiring the plastic bags. "
Finally, they gt help frm TriTap Technlgies, a waste management plant. Bhave said they ffered t cllect the bags and als prcess them int ThaelyTex.
S far, it seems like things are falling int place. There are already hundreds f pre-rders in place. It sunds like they have sme plans fr the future. " We have a few mre clrs cming up," said Bhave. They als plan t put ut a high-tp mdel and bring in a line f clthing. Let’s hpe their grwth is als friendly t the envirnment.
1. Why did Bhave chse t make shes ut f plastic bags?
A. T set a new ftwear trend.
B. T test new materials fr ftwear.
C. T reduce the use f plastic bags in his hme cuntry.
D. T use recycled plastic in an envirnment-friendly way.
2. What was the mst difficult task fr Bhave?
A. Having a few mre clrs fr Thaely.
B. Prcessing plastic bags int ThaelyTex.
C. Cllecting enugh prductin materials.
D. Dealing with many pisnus by-prducts.
3. The underlined part "put ut" in the last paragraph prbably means"
A. prduceB. designC. prvideD. bradcast
4. What can be the best title fr this passage?
A. Bhave: a prmising yung man
B. Thaely: the killer f waste plastic bags
C. ThaelyTex: the material ut f plastic bags
D. TriTap Technlgies: a waste management plant
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