专题04【生态环保、自然灾害类】阅读理解9篇+语法填空3篇 （原卷版+解析版）

这是一份专题04【生态环保、自然灾害类】阅读理解9篇+语法填空3篇 （原卷版+解析版），文件包含04生态环保自然灾害类阅读理解9篇+语法填空3篇原卷版-高考英语快速提⾼阅读能⼒之⾼频主题词块速记docx、04生态环保自然灾害类阅读理解9篇+语法填空3篇解析版-高考英语快速提⾼阅读能⼒之⾼频主题词块速记docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共36页， 欢迎下载使用。

Passage 1
In general, the riches f the natural wrld aren't spread evenly acrss the glbe. Places like the Trpical. Andes in Suth America are simply packed with unique species, many f which can't be fund in any ther places. Until recently, the main explanatin fr the bilgical riches cncentrated in places like the Amazn Basin was that such places must be engines f bidiversity, with new species evlving at a faster rate than ther parts f the wrld. But nw, new research n bird evlutin may turn that assumptin n its head, instead supprting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend t prduce new species faster.
The researchers say these bidiversity "cld spts" are generally fund in envirnments featuring freezing, dry and unstable cnditins. Thugh the researchers fund these lcatins with few bird species tend t prduce new nes at high rates, they fail t accumulate many species because the unstable cnditins frequently make the new life frms die ut.
The mre well-knwn " ht spts", by cntrast, have accumulated their large numbers f species by being warm, hspitable and relatively stable. Indeed, the researchers fund that the cuntless bird species that call the Amazn hme tend t be lder in evlutinary terms. "New species d frm in places like the Amazn, just nt as frequently as in the dry grasslands in the Andes ," says Elizabeth, an evlutinary bilgist.
The researchers managed t cllect 1,940 samples representing 1,287 f the 1,306 bird species frm Suth America. Their analysis shwed that the best predictr f whether an area wuld prduce new species at a high rate was hw many species lived there, rather than climate r gegraphic features like muntains. Species-rich areas tended t prduce new species mre slwly.
" Maybe bad envirnments generate new species mre frequently because there's less cmpetitin and mre available pprtunities fr new species," says Gustav Brav, a lead researcher.
The study's findings add new urgency t prtect ecsystems that may lk barren, but may actually be nature's hthuses fr the evlutin f new species.
1. Why is Suth America mentined in the first paragraph?
A. T make a cmparisn.
B. T intrduce the tpic.
C. T explain a fact.
D. T draw a cnclusin.
2. What determines the rising rate f new species in place?
A. The number f its then species.
B. The envirnment they lived in.
C. The survival skills f species.
D. The different bilgical factrs.
3. Which f the fllwing can best explain the underlined wrd " barren" in the last paragraph?
A. Dry and bare.
B. Lively and active.
C. Nice and green.
D. Cmplex and unpredictable.
解析：
B 推断 第一段讲到南美洲物种丰富,普遍认为是物种进化快的结果。但是一项新研究却认为物种少的地方产生新物种的速度更快。由此可知，提到南美洲是为了引出话题，提出该研究的观点。故B项正确。
A 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"areaswith species faster” 并结合第四段中的"tbe best predictr... slwly" 可知，新物种出现的速度是由该地当时物种的多少决定的。故A项正确。
A 理解词汇 根据画线词后的"但实际上可能是新物种进化的自然温室"可知，画线词在逻辑上应与此相反。故A 项正确。
passage 2
A kind man, Keith Walker, wh was 53 years ld, kept his wn pitbull called Brav at the W-Underdgs (an animal shelter) vernight and was n his way t pick him up when he saw the flames n December 18.
He didn't just rescue his wn pet, but he made sure that all the animals were safe. He said, "I was nervus at first and really scared t g there with all that smke. I am nt ging t lie." Hwever, Keith suddenly remembered that his father nce said humans had a duty Til prtect animals. S he said, " My dg is my best friend, and I wuldn't be here withut him, s I knew I had t save all thse ther dgs. "
The funder f the shelter Grace Hamlin said that the shelter was left uninhabitable by the fire, which was electrical. But luckily, they were abut t mve int a new place, s there was still smewhere fr the animals t live.
She said, "Keith is my guardian. Even the firefighters didn't knw hw t handle the animals. They called Animal Cntrl, but Keith was already in the building pulling ut the cats and dgs until they were all safe. "
Keith, wh has been hmeless since he was 13, has nw been regarded as a her after saving the six dgs and
ten cats. Well-wishers have raised almst $ 40,000 fr him n GFundMe, a fundraising platfrm.
In a separate fundraiser fr the shelter itself t rebuild after the fire, Grace said, "Keith wrked tirelessly t bring ur animals t safety. Althugh he refused all ffers f help, we are determined t cntact him again. He is a vital part f ur cmmunity and he shuld be apprpriately rewarded fr his selfless effrts. "
1. What did Keith d at the first sight f the fire?
A. He waited fr help.
B. He turned t his father.
C. He prtected his wn pets.
D. He hesitated fr a mment.
2. What damage did the fire bring abut?
A. Sme firefighters were badly injured.
B. The animals lst their shelter.
C. Sme cats disappeared.
D. Keith lst his pitbull.
3. Why is Grace ging t cntact Keith again?
A. T reward him fr what he did.
B. T raise mney fr him.
C. T ffer him a gd jb.
D. T rebuild a hme fr him.
4. Which f the fllwing can best describe Keith?
A. Ambitius and helpful.
B. Determined and mdest.
C. Hnest and brave.
D. Generus and calm.
解析：
D 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"I wasnervus. that smke" 可知，看到大火后，他犹豫了一会儿。故D项正确。
B 理解具体信息 根据第三段首句可知，收容中心被大火烧得不能居住了，即动物失去了住所。故B项正确。
A 理解具体信息 根据第六段尾句可知，Grace 认为 Keith 对社区来说很重要，人们应该回报他的无私奉献。故A项正确。
C推断 根据第二段中的"I was nervus. t lie" 和"I knew I had t save all thsether dgs" 可推知，Keith 既诚实又勇敢。故C项正确
passage 3
As a ppular subject f study amng evlutinary eclgists, the three-spined stickleback（三刺鱼）is knwn fr their different shapes, sizes, and behaviurs -they can even live in bth sea water and fresh water, and under a wide range f temperatures. But what makes that?
The researchers tracked six ppulatins f the fish befre and after seasnal changes t their envirnment, using genme sequencing（基因组测序）．Seasnal changes result in great changes in habitat structure and balance f salt and fresh water, and nly thse fish able t tlerate these rapid changes survive int the next seasn.
"These changes prbably resemble the habitat shifts experienced by stickleback ppulatins during the past 10,000 years," says Prfessr Barrett. " We hpe t gain insight int the genetic changes that may have resulted frm natural selectin lng in the past. "
Remarkably, the researchers discvered the evidence f genetic changes driven by the seasnal shifts in habitats, which mirrred the differences fund between lng-established freshwater and saltwater ppulatins. "These genetic changes ccurred in independent ppulatins ver a single seasn, highlighting just hw quickly the effects f natural selectin can be detected," says Prfessr Barrett, " the findings suggest that we may be able t use the genetic differences t predict hw ppulatins may adapt t the envirnment. "
The research emphasizes the imprtance f studying species in dynamic envirnments t gain a better understanding f hw natural selectin perates. In the further research, they plan t investigate hw repeatable the bserved genetic changes are, by testing whether they shw up year after year. Ding s wuld demnstrate their ability t reliably frecast the evlutinary future f these ppulatins.
1. What des the underlined wrd " that" refer t Paragraph 1?
A. The three-spined stickleback is under a wide range f temperatures.
B. The three-spined stickleback is ppular evlutinary eclgists.
C. The three-spined stickleback can adapt different living cnditins.
D. The three-spined stickleback has different shapes, sizes, and behaviurs.
2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. The difficulties f the research.
B. The purpse f the research.
C. The backgrund f the research.
D. The methds f the research.
3. What is the main reasn fr the three-spined stickleback's survival?
A. Habitat shifts.
B. Genetic changes.
C. Seasnal changes.
D. Independent ppulatins.
4. Why will scientists study the repetitin f the genetic changes?
A. T knw what natural selectin is.
B. T study species in dynamic envirnments.
C. T test the reliability f the present discveries.
D. T frecast the evlutinary future f certain species.
解析：
C 理解词汇， 代词一般指代上文中提到的内容,根据语境可知，that 指代上文中的"theycan even... range f temperatures" ，故C 项"它们可以适应不同的生存环境”正确。
D 理解段落主旨要义 根据第二段中的"研究人员利用基因组测序，在它们生存环境季节性变化前后跟踪记录了6个种群的鱼类"可知，本段主要讲到了研究方法,故D项正确。
B 推断 根据第四段中的"Remarkably, there searchers. .. the seasnal shifts in habitats" 可推知，三刺鱼之所以能够生存下去，其主要原因就在于为了生存所做的基因改变,故B项正确。
D 理解具体信息 根据最后一段中的"Ding s wuld. . . the evlutinary future f these ppulatins" 可知，科学家研究基因改变的重复是为了预测未来某些物种的进化前景,故D项正确。
passage 4
The fertile land f the Nile delta is being erded（侵蚀）alng the Mediterranean cast f Egypt at an astnishing rate, in sme parts estimated at 100 metres per year. In the past, land washed away frm the castline by the currents f the Mediterranean Sea used t be replaced by sediment (The h) brught dwn t the delta by the Nile River, but this is n lnger happening.
Up t nw, peple have blamed this lss f delta land n the Aswan Dam in the suth f Egypt, which hlds back almst all f the sediment that used t flw dwn the river. Befre the dam was built, the Nile flwed freely carrying huge quantities f sediment. But when the Aswan Dam was cnstructed t prvide electricity and the irrigatin, and t prtect the huge 4 ppulatin center f Cair frm annual flding and drught, mst f the sediment with its natural fertilizer accumulated abve the dam in the suthern upstream half f Lake Nasser, instead f passing dwn t the delta.
Nw, hwever, there turns ut t be mre t the stry. It appears that the sediment-free water picks up sand as it erdes the river bed and banks n the 800-kilmetre trip t Cair. Jean-Daniel Stanley f the Smithsnian Institute nticed that water samples taken in Cair indicated that the river smetimes carries mre than 850 grams f sediment per cubic metre f water almst half f what it carried befre the dam was built.
Internatinal envirnmental rganizatins are beginning t pay clser attentin t the regin, partly because f the prblems f ersin and pllutin f the Nile Delta, but mainly because they fear the impact this situatin culd have n the whle Mediterranean castal ecsystem.
But there are n easy slutins. In the immediate future, Stanley believes that ne slutin wuld be t make artificial flds t flush ut the delta waterways, in the same way that natural flds did befre the cnstructin f the dam. He says, hwever, that in the lng term an alternative prcess such as desalinatin (脱盐) may have t be used t increase the amunt f water available.
1 What stpped the sediment cming dwn t the delta?
A. The Mediterranean Sea.
B. The Nile River.
C. The Aswan Dam.
D. Lake Nasser.
2. Why was the Aswan Dam built?
A. T flush ut the river bed.
B. T ffer electricity and prtectin.
C. T make the water in the Nile River clean.
D. T keep the sil in the regin nearby nutrient-rich.
3. What can we infer frm the third paragraph?
A. There is n need t wrry abut the delta.
B. The methds f measurement need imprving.
C. Whether the situatin is gd r nt remains t be seen.
D. The dam's cnsequences are beynd peple's expectatin.
4. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. Difficulties t be settled.
B. Rewards fr the challenge.
C. Severe influence f the situatin.
D. Pssible slutins t the prblem.
解析：
C 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"peple have blamed. .. flw dwn the river”可知，阻止泥沙流人三角洲的是阿斯旺大坝，故C项正确。
B 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"when the Aswan Dam was cnstructed t. . . frm annual flding and drught"可知，建造阿斯旺大坝是为了发电、灌溉，使开罗免受洪灾和干旱,故B项正确。
D推断根据本段的中心句”Nw，hwever, there turns ut t be mre t the stry " 和下文中的"almst half f what it carried befre the dam was built" 可以推断，现在河水里的含沙量是建坝之前的一半，这就加剧了三角洲的侵蚀，这超出了人们的预期,故口项正确。
D 理解段落主旨要义 结合本段中心句"But there are n easy slutins" 和下文中讲到的用人工洪水疏通三角洲河道和脱盐均为解决问题的方法，故D项正确。
passage 5
Recycling plastic has always been a stp-start effrt. The wide variety f plastic we prduce, the pllutin frm waste and ther limitatins make recycling becme an ecnmic（经济的）prblem. Ii's estimated that nly 9% f plastic ever created has been recycled. But with the help f a chemical prcess, Canadian Miranda Wang and her cmpany BiCellectin want t change that.
Stability is ne f plastic's greatest qualities and shrtcmings. There's limited evidence that sme plastics can bidegrade （生物降解）but pht-plastics largely degrade in the sun. It's a lng prcess, and the truth is that we can nly estimate hw lng it takes.Wang is lking t break the inactin and BiCellectin's task is t make mst plastic waste recyclable.
She utlines tw current methds. One is t take plastic like water bttles, wash them, cut them, melt and recnstitute them. "That's a very limited prcess," she says, due t the requirement that plastic be "clean". The ther, which can handle dirtier plastic and a level f pllutin, is called hydrlysis (水解).Intense heat is applied t break dwn plastic s they can be reused as il fr energy, but " it's nt ecnmical," she says.
BiCellectin's slutin builds n research frm ver ten years ag, Wang explains, when a US study discvered pure plyetbylene pwder （聚乙烯粉末）culd be brken dwn by a catalyst （催化剂）. Wang and her c-funder Jean hit upn a bacterium being able t eat plastic. In the years since, they engineered a cmparable catalyst capable f ding the same jb, nly faster, which even wrks n plastic n ne else can recycle at present. "We have nw fund a catalyst that is much cheaper than the ne that was used befre," Wang says. Currently fcusing n plastic films like shpping bags, the three-hur prcess breaks dwn plastic int chemicals that can act as the building blcks fr mre cmplex plastic prducts.
" Right nw we're able t achieve abut 70% transfrmatin frm plastic waste material t these chemicals," she adds, saying they're wrking t increase that figure.
1. Why has s little plastic been recycled?
A. Plastic is chemically stable.
B. Recycling plastic led t pllutin.
C. We prduced varius plastics.
D. Mst pht-plastics degrade in the sun.
2. What des Wang think f the tw current methds!
A. Highly effective and dynamic.
B. Expensive and pllutin-causing.
C. Limited and energy-cnsuming.
D. Widely used and recgnized.
3. What did BiCellectin find effective t recycle plastic?
A. Plyethylene pwder.
B. Chemical prducts.
C. Plastic films.
D. A catalyst.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Miranda Wang and her cmpany.
B. A new plastic recycling methd.
C. The greatest dwnside f plastic.
D. Transfrmatin f plastic waste.
解析：
A理解具体信息 根据第二段第一句"Stability is ne f plastic's greatest qualitiesand shrtcmings"，并结合第二段内容可知，稳定性是塑料最大特质和缺点之一，因此它不容易被分解。故A项正确。
C 理解具体信息 根据第三段第三句 “That's a very limited prcess" 可知，Wang 认为第一种方式的流程是有限的;根据第三段最后一句中"it's nt ecnmical" 可知，Wang认为，第二种方法是"不经济的”。故C项正确。
D 理解具体信息 根据第四段第三句中的"they engineered a cmparable catalyst. . . can recycle at present " 可知,BiCellectin 发现了一种新的催化剂，它能更有效地分解塑料，故D项正确。
B 理解文章主旨要义 通读全文可知，文章第一段最后一句"But with the help f. . .want t change that” 为全文主旨句，结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种新的回收利用塑料的方法：使用催化剂更有效地回收利用塑料。故B项正确。
passage 6
The cmmnly held view is that peple arrived in Nrth America frm Asia via a land bridge nce cnnecting the tw cntinents. But recent discveries have suggested humans might have been there earlier. Researchers studying fssilized human ftprints in New Mexic say that humans were there at least 23,000 years ag.
Matthew Bennett, a specialist in ancient ftprints and authr f a study n the new findings published in the jurnal Science, and his clleagues studied 61 ftprints by radicarbn dating layers f aquatic (水生的) plant seeds preserved abve and belw the ftprints and accurately deduced that they were made 21,000 t 23,000 years ag. The peple wh made the ftprints were living in New Mexic at the height f the last Ice Age. Between 19, 000 and 26, 000 years ag, tw massive ice sheets cvered the nrthern third f the cntinent. The ice and cld temperatures wuld have made a jurney between Asia and Alaska impssible, indicating humans must have been there much earlier than previusly thught.
Accrding t their analysis f the ftprints, they were likely made in sft grund at the edge f a wetland By children wh were sent t d the wrk like fetching and catching by adults. Wind prbably blew dust ver the surface, accumulating in the prints, thus, leaving ftprints that were previusly recrded.
Their findings als make it pssible t explre the lder and mre cntrversial sites in a different light. One such site is Chiquihuite Cave in central Mexic, where stne tls dating back t 30,000 years ag have been fund.
David Rachal, an uninvlved but experienced gearchaelgist （地质考古学家）thught the ftprint dates prvided by Bennett and his team lked "slid", with seeds prviding very reliable and precise ages thrugh radicarbn dating. " Yu culd nt ask fr a better setup," said Rachal. Hwever, he was puzzled that n artifacts, such as stne tls, had been fund in the area. He thught it was just a theme that was gaining sme serius tractin (认可) in the literature.
1. What is the mst essential evidence dating the time f ftprints in the passage?
A. The aquatic plant seeds.
B. The fssilized human ftprints.
C. The unearthed tls.
D. 'The massive ice sheets.
2. Why des the authr mentin Chiquihuite Cave in central Mexic?
A. T intrduce a histrical site.
B. T shw the significance f the ftprints.
C. 'T cmpare gearchaelgical discveries.
D. T explain the curse f making a discvery.
3. What's David Rachal's attitude twards the new discvery?
A. Optimistic and trustful.
B. Cnservative and cautius.
C. Negative but curius.
D. Favrable but cnfused.
4. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. The discvery f human ftprints.
B. Scientific methds f dating ftprints.
C. The earlier arrival f peple in Nrth America.
D. A discussin n human histry amng researchers.
解析：
A 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"studied 61 ftprints. ,000 years ag"可知,确定足迹年代的最重要的证据是水生植物种子，故A 项正确。
B 推断 根据第四段中的"Their findings als. . . One such site is Chiquihuite Cave" 可知，足迹的发现使不同的角度探素更古老、更有争议的遗址成为可能。其中一个是Chiguihuite 洞六。据此可以推断，作者提到
Chiquihuite 洞穴旨在说明本次研究的重要性,故B项正确。
D 理解观点、态度 根据最后一段中的"Yu culd nt ask fr a better setup" “Hwever, he was. .. in the area" 可以推断，David Rachal 对于这项新的发现持肯定态度，但是也有自己的困惑，故D项正确。
C 理解文章主旨要义 根据全文内容尤其是第一段中的"But recent discveries. . . atleast 23,000 years ag”可知，本文主要讲了在北美洲可能在更早的时候就有人类了,故C
passage 7
The cling effect f trees reduces the surface temperature f Eurpean cities in the summer by up t 129° in sme regins. In cntrast, green spaces withut trees have an insignificant effect, accrding t a study that strengthens the case fr tree planting t help cities adapt t glbal warming. Jnas Schwaab at ETH Zurich in Switzerland and his clleagues used land surface temperature data cllected by satellite t cmpare the temperature differences between areas cvered by trees, treeless urban green spaces, such as parks and urban cnstructins such as rads and buildings. They analysed 293 cities frm acrss Eurpe.
The land surface temperature measured by satellite isn't the same as the air temperature, which is mre clsely linked t what humans wuld feel, says Schwaab. " Usually, the air temperature differences between tree-cvered areas and built-up areas wuld be much smaller than the land surface temperature differences," he says.
The team fund that tree-cvered areas in cities have a much lwer land surface temperature cmpared with surrunding areas. The differences were between 8°C and 12°C in central Eurpe and between 0°C and 4°C in suthern Eurpe.
The cling effect f trees cmes largely frm shading and transpiratin（蒸騰作用）．This prcess takes heat energy frm the surrunding envirnment fr evapratin（蒸发），lwering the surrunding temperature. In the warmer climate f suthern Eurpe, the sil is typically drier, s the cling effect f transpiratin is lwer than that in regins further nrth, says Schwaab.
The team als fund that the cling prvided by treeless green spaces is insignificant, and in sme instances green areas withut trees can even be warmer than the surrunding urban areas.
Extreme heat is a grwing prblem fr cities in Eurpe and elsewhere as the planet gets htter. The findings shw that trees can have a big influence n cities acrss Eurpe, but since the size f their effects varies, heat reductin strategies shuld be tailred t suit each regin, says Schwaab.
1. What's the purpse f the study?
A. T measure land and air temperatures.
B. T suggest planting mre trees in cities.
C. T make peple aware f glbal warming.
D. T stress the imprtance f green spaces.
2. Why is the cling effect f transpiratin lwer in suthern Eurpe?
A. The sil is drier.
B. The climate is clder.
C. There are mre green spaces.
D. There are mre rads and buildings.
3. What might Schwaab suggest in the last paragraph?
A. Wetlands shuld be enlarged.
B. Dry sil shuld be reduced.
C. Mre rads shuld be built.
D. Slutins shuld be different.
4. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Trees Cl the Land Surface Temperature f Cities
B. Researchers Raise Slutins t Extreme Weather
C. High Tech Lwers Land Surface Temperature
D. Extreme Heat Des Harm t the Envirnment
解析：
B 推断 根据第一段中的"a study that. .. t glbal warming"可 以推断，研究的目的是号召人们多种树来帮助城市适应全球变暖，故B项正确。
A理解具体信息 根据第四段中的"In the warmer climate. .. in regins further nrth"可知,欧洲南部蒸腾冷却效果较差的原因是士壤通常更干燥,故A项正确。
D 推断根据最后一段中Schwaab 所说的"heat reductin strategies shuld be tailred t suit each regin"可以判断，Scbwaab 建议因地制宜,针对不同的区域采用不同的降温策略，故口项正确。
A 理解文章主旨要义 根据文章内容尤其是第一段中的"The cling effect. . . f Eurpean cities " 和最后一段中的"The findings shw... n cities" 可知，本文主要讲述了树可以降低城市地表温度，故A 项适合作本文的标题。
passage 8
A majr emergency can create hundreds f thusands f refugees (难民) vernight. The mst immediate way in which rganizatins like UNHCR and the Internatinal Cmmittee f the Red Crss (ICRC) can help these refugees is by setting up refugee camps. Refugee camps are designed t be temprary, but they ften remain in place fr decades. In sme parts f the wrld, children have grwn up and had children f their wn withut ever leaving their camp.
Critics argue that they frce refugees t be entirely dependent n dnatins. One jurnalist wh visited the Nyadeu camp in the suth f the Republic f Guinea A (Africa) in 2001, described hw nrmally peaceful peple were reduced t fighting with each ther when the fd truck arrived.
Refugees camps can easily becme dirty, vercrwded and are verrun with disease r crime. In many camps, drug dealers hide themselves amng the majrity f inncent refugees.
One alternative fr refugees is t settle in a twn r village, making them becme part f the lcal ppulatin. This is knwn as the " self-settlement" Several aid agencies argue that the self-settlement is a better ptin in many cases than refugee camps. They say that self-settled refugees can start t rebuild their lives straight away, and are freer and safer than refugees in camps. Oxfam, the ICRC and many ther internatinal aid agencies supprt prgrams in which refugees are helped t self-settle.
Representatives f UNHCR argue that refugee camps are the best way f saving the greatest pssible numbers f lives. They pint ut that it is much easier t help peple if they are all gathered in ne place. This is certainly true f emergency relief, fr example the distributin f fd, water, shelters and medical supplies. It is als true that lng-term aid prgrams, such as family tracing, rphan supprt and, perhaps mst imprtantly, educatin, can all be carried ut much mre easily when refugees are all living tgether in ne place.
1. Wh are respnsible fr the refugees' dependence n dnatins?
A. Critics.
B. Children.
C. Refugee camps.
D. UNHCR and the ICRC.
2. What advantage can self-settled refugees enjy?
A. Mre persnal aid.
B. Mre living space.
C. Better training prgrams.
D. A better sense f security.
3. What benefit can gathering refugees in ne place bring?
A. It can help save much land.
B. It's easier fr them t get schling.
C. It can reduce the number f rphans.
D. It allws families t better help each ther.
4. Which f the fllwing is nt discussed in the text?
A. The advantages f refugee camps.
B. The disadvantages f refugee camps.
C. The advantages f the self-settlement.
D. The disadvantages f the self-settlement.
解析：
C理解具体信息 根据第一段中的" Refugee camps are. . . withut ever leaving their camp"可知，第二段第一句中的 they代指的是上文中提到的难民营，也就是说难民营使得难民们过度依赖救助，故C 项正确。
D 理解具体信息 根据第四段中的"They say that self-settled refugees. . . refugees in camps"一句可知，自我安置的好处是难民们比在难民营里更自由、更安全,故D 项正确。
B 理解具体信息 根据最后一段中的"It is als true that. .. living tgether in ne place"'可
知，难民们被集中安置在一个地方有助于他们接受教育，故B项正确。
D 理解具体信息 文章第一段讲述了解决难民问题最直接的方法;第二、三段讲述了难民营的弊端;第四段讲述了难民自我安置的优点;第五段讲述了难民营的优点。因此文章并未提及难民自我安置的弊端，故D项。
passage 9
Starch（淀粉）is the main cmpnent f flur, rice and crn amng thers, while carbn dixide makes up the vast majrity f greenhuse gases. One day, humans may be able t " eat" carbn dixide, and glbal warming culd be " eaten away" by carbn lvers. Althugh it sunds wild, the day is cming.
Chinese scientists have created starch using carbn dixide, hydrgen and electricity, accrding t a study published in Science in September, 2021. " Plants create starch thrugh phtsynthesis（光合作用），which is a cmplex and inefficient （效率低的）prcess, " Ma Yanhe, directr f the Tianjin Institute f Industrial Bitechnlgy, Chinese Academy f Sciences, tld China Daily. He added that it wuld take a plant abut 60 steps t turn carbn dixide, water and sunlight int starch.
" Our breakthrugh shws that making starch is achievable in a lab. This methd makes it pssible t prduce fd in factries and there are many industries that can benefit frm this technlgy," Ma tld China Daily.
The team has been wrking n the prcess fr 6 years. "The first step f the methd is t cnvert carbn dixide and hydrgen int methanl 甲醇( ), which is a mlecule (分子) that cntains a single carbn atm," Cai Ta, ne f the first authrs f the study, tld China Daily.
Scientists then piece these single-carbn mlecules int bigger and mre cmplex mlecules. With the help f supercmputing, Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch-making prcess frm abut 60 steps t 11.
"The new prcess has made it pssible t turn starch prductin frm traditinal agricultural prductin t industrial prductin. And it may be pssible t satisfy ur needs withut farming in the future. This will nt nly help save water, fertilizer and land but als help recycle carbn dixide t deal with climate change," a research fellw f the Chinese Academy f Sciences tld the Glbal Times.
The study can als benefit space explratin in the future. The starch may prvide a secure fd surce fr astrnauts as they travel lng distances in space by simply turning the carbn dixide they breathe ut int fd.
1. What des Ma Yanhe think f the new methd f creating starch?
A. It's extremely cmplex and inefficient.
B. It's achievable thrugh phtsynthesis.
C. It's a way f dealing with glbal warming.
D. It's mre efficient than the natural methd.
2. The underlined wrd "cnvert" in Paragraph 5 prbably means "
A. push
B. change
C. divide
D. mix
3. What can be learned abut the breakthrugh?
A. It can help imprve peple's health.
B. It can change the way f starch prductin.
C. It can prvide astrnauts with nutritius fd.
D. It can save farmers frm traditinal agriculture.
4. What can be the best title fr this passage?
A. Smart with starch
B. Hungry fr starch
C. Secure abut fd supply
D. Beneficial t fd diversity
解析：
D 推断根据第三段中的"Plants create starch.. and inefficient （效率低的）prcess"和第四段中的"Our breakthrugh. .. frm this technlgy"可以推断，马延和认为新的淀粉合成方法此自然方法更高效，故D项正确。
B 理解词汇 根据画线词所在句中的 "carbn dixide and. . . a single carbn atm "和化学常识可知，科学家将二氧化碳和氢气转化成了甲醇，甲醇是只有一个碳原子的分子,故B项与画线词意义最为接近。
B 理解具体信息 根据第七段中的"The new industrial prductin”可知，合成淀粉取得的突破可以改变淀粉的生产方式,故B项正确。
A理解文章主旨要义根据第二段中的 " Chinese scientists have. . . hydrgen and electricity"并结合 文章大意可知，本文主要报道了中国科学家在人工合成淀粉领域取得的巨大突破，这使得淀粉生产变得更环保、更智能，故 A 项适合作本文的标题。
passage 10
Accrding t a new reprt by the IPCC (Intergvernmental Panel n Climate Change), the deadly heat waves, flds 61. drughts are disturbing the 62. (life ) f thusands f peple frm all ver the wrld. And they will be likely nly t get 63. (bad) as glbal temperatures cntinue t rise. "S far, all regins f the wrld 64. (affect ) by sme extremes," says Snia Isabelle Seneviratne, an envirnmental 65 (science). "We can link extreme weather t climate change in 66. same way we can link cancer t smking," says Friederike Elly Luise Ott, ne f the reprt’s authrs. "And, like smking, the damage is
hard 67. (disappear)."The mst imprtant things, " experts say, "is t make sure these events dn't grw even mre cmmn and mre intense 68. they are nw." "I feel 69. (strng) that the public needs t knw that dangerus climate change is here and nw," says Michael Wehner, an extreme weather researcher. T limit glbal warming t just 2°C, Wehner says, "It's my feeling that we wuld have t d smething rather extreme. " " Smething extreme," he adds, " means cmpletely 70. (get) rid f cnsumptin f cal, il and natural gas.
解析：
61.and 连词 分析句子结构可知，heat waves,flds 和drughts 形成并列关系，同作本句的主语,空处需要用到连词 and。
62. lives 名词复数life作"个人生活"来讲时是可数名词，根据下文中的thusands fpeple 可知，此处需要用到复数，所以空处需要填 lives
63.wrse 形容词比较级 结合语境"随着全球气温的持续上升，它们只能变得更糟“可知,此处需要用到比较级，所以空处需要填wrse
64.have been affected 时态、语态和主谓一致 分析句子结构可知，affect 在句中作谓语,结合时间状语 S far 可知，此处需要用到现在完成时;主语 all regins f the wrld 与谓语动词 affectt 之间为被动关系;主语为复数，所以空处需要填 have been affected
65. scientist 词形转换 此处是 Snia Isabelle Seneviratne 的同位语，指的是"一个环境科学家"，所以空处需要填 scientist
66.the 冠词 此处考查固定表达 in the same way,意为"以同样的方式"，所以空处需要填 the
67.t disappear 非谓诺动调 此处考查固定表达 hard t d sth. ,空处需要填 t disappear。
68. than 根据句意和上文中的此较级 "even mre cmmn and mre intense " 可知，此处需要用到形容词比较级的标志词，所以空处需要填 than。
69.strngly 副词 分析句子结构可知，此处修饰谓语动词 feel，需要用到副词，所以空处需要填 strngly。
易错点拨feel 在此处为实义动词，并不是系动词,考生应结合句意仔细判断。
getting 考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定表达mean ding sth.,意为"意味着做某事"
passage 11
Cvering 7 millin square kilmeters f jungle and the river ver eight cuntries, the Amazn rainfrest is hme t millins f srts f plants and animals, sme f 61 are still being discvered tday. It's als the wrld's 62. (large) supplier f xygen and is a treasure chest f medical 63. (researcher) wh are experimenting with different plants in the hpe f finding cures fr certain diseases. 64. , the wrld is at the risk f lsing this rich rainfrest because f defrestatin（滥伐森林） 65 (cause ) by the actins f farmers, lggers and settlers.
The Amazn Basin 66 (lse ) 20% f its rainfrest since 1970. Cattle farmers have 67 (cntinuus) cleared the land fr cws 68. (eat) n and crp farmers have begun slash and burn （刀耕火种), a farming methd that invlves cutting dwn frests and burning the land t make 69 suitable fr agricultural purpses. Lggers have been cutting dwn the trees fr timber (木材), further decreasing its size.
With the destructin f the Amazn rainfrest, glbal warming becmes mre f a threat. It is up t each individual t fight against the 70. (disappear) f the Amazn rainfrest by making the wrld knw smething abut this envirnmental disaster.
解析：
61.which 定语从句关系词 空前讲到了亚马孙丽林是数百万种植物和动物的家园，其中一些动植物至今仍在被发现。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词 plants and animals,故填 which
62. largest 形容词最高级 根据空前的"the wrld's" 和常识可知，亚马孙雨林是世界上最大的天然氧吧。故此处应用形容词最高级。故填 largest。
63.researchers 名词单复数 根据空后的"are"可知，此处应用可数名词的复数形式。故填 researchers
64.Hwever 副词 空前讲述亚马孙雨林的功能和作用,空后讲述世界有正在失去这个富饶的雨林的风险,故前后含有转折关系。故填 Hwever。
65.caused 非谓语动词 分析句子结构可知，此句谓语动词是 is,故此空应用非谓语动词。因与 defrestatin 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填caused.
66.has lst 时态和主谓一致 根据空后的"since 1970” 可知，此处谓语动词应用现在完成时;主语为第三人称单数。故填 has lst
67.cntinuusly 词形转换 修饰谓语动词have cleared 应用副词。故填 cntinuusly。
68.t eat 非谓语动词 此句谓语动词是 have cleared,故此空应用非谓语动词。因表达目的，故应用不定式作目的状语。故填 t eat
69. it 代词 此处表达的是农民伐林焚烧使土地适宜农耕。指代the land,应用代词 it。
70.disappearance 词形转换 空前是冠词，空后是介词，此空应填名词。此处表达的是通过让世界了解这一环境灾难，共同对抗亚马孙雨林的消失。故填 disappearance。
passage 12
Fr 30 years we have been tld hw temperatures have been saring t unheard-f levels. This is causing the plar ice t melt (融化) , sea level 61 (rise) and has brught abut a dangerus increase in extreme weather 62 (event) , such as hurricanes, heatwaves, drughts and flds. These climate changes wuld likely present challenges t ur sciety and envirnment. It is nw a glbal cncern 63 the climate changes ccurring tday have been severer because f man's activities.
64 (truble) by the serius situatin, wrld leaders came tgether fr talks, which were seen 65 a make-r-break situatin fr the United Natins climate talks.
The climate talks 66 (lead) t abut 200 hundred cuntries reaching an agreement that wuld, fr 67. first time, cmmit nearly every cuntry t lwering planet- warming greenhuse gas emissins（排放) t address glbal climate changes. That was 68. certain an encuraging step frward fr ur Earth and mankind.
As the wrld leaders cntinue t cmmit 69 (they) t mnitring ur " sick" planet, we need t cntinue t take small steps t "heal (治愈）” the wrld. We are left with nt much f a 70 (chse). If nly we culd just pack ur bags and mve t Mars!
解析：
61.t rise 动词不定式 根据句子结构和该句中的"t melt(融化）"可知，空处与此对应，故也用动词不定式。cause... t d 为固定用法，表示"导致…⋯做…"。
62.events 名词的单复数event 为可数名词，根据该句中的"such as hurricanes , heatwaves,drughts and flds"可知，极端天气事件有飓风、洪水、干旱等多种，故用复数形式。
63.that 主语从句 分析句子结构可知，该空引导主语从句，句意完整且不缺少句子成分，故填 that
64.Trubled 非谓语动词 分析句子结构可知,truble 与 serius situatin 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作状语。
65.as 介词 be seen as 为固定搭配，意为"被视为"。
66.led 动词的时态 根据下句中的”was"，再结合语境可知，该句陈述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。
67.the 冠词 序数词前面用定冠词，根据序数词first 可知，该处用定冠词 the
68.certainly 副词 分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词,故用副词形式。，
69.themselves 反身代词 cmmit neself t 为固定搭配,意为"致力于;使自己承担"。
70.chice 名词 冠词后接名词，根据冠词a可知，空处用名词形式。