专题10【疾病类、饮食类】阅读理解20篇 （原卷版+解析版）

这是一份专题10【疾病类、饮食类】阅读理解20篇 （原卷版+解析版），文件包含10疾病类饮食类阅读理解20篇-高考英语快速提⾼阅读能⼒之⾼频主题词块速记原卷版docx、10疾病类饮食类阅读理解20篇-高考英语快速提⾼阅读能⼒之⾼频主题词块速记解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共75页， 欢迎下载使用。
A US man has becme the first persn in the wrld t receive a heart transplant frm a genetically mdified pig.
Surgens say the experimental prcedures was the nly available ptin fr the patient David Bennett, a 57-year-ld frm Maryland in the US, wh was living with heart disease.
Bennett is currently being carefully mnitred while specialists at the University f Maryland Medical Center, where the prcedure was carried ut, determine whether the transplant can keep him alive in the lng term. “It was either t die, r d this transplant. I want t live. I knw it’s a sht in the dark, but it’s my last chice,” said Bennett. “I lk frward t getting ut f bed after I recver.”
While full heart transplants are mre cntrversial, pig heart valves (瓣膜) have been successfully used fr replacements in humans fr years.
“This was a breakthrugh surgery and brings us ne step clser t slving the rgan shrtage crisis. There are simply nt enugh dnr human hearts available t meet the lng list f ptential recipients,” said Bartley Griffith, the heart surgen wh perfrmed the peratin. “We are ding cautiusly, but we are als ptimistic that this first-in-the-wrld surgery will prvide an imprtant new ptin fr patients in the future.”
In the dnr pig, three genes that wuld have led t the repaid rejectin f the pig’s heart were kncked ut. Six human genes respnsible fr immune acceptance f the pig heart were then inserted int the genme. Finally, ne gene in the pig was remved t prevent excessive grwth f the heart tissue nce it had been implanted.
“This is truly a histric, mnumental step frward. While we have lng been at the frefrnt f research driving prgress tward the prmise f xentransplantatin (异种器官移植) as a practical slutin t the rgan crisis, many believed this breakthrugh wuld be well int the future,” said Bert O’Malley, president and CEO f the University f Maryland Medical Center.
1．Why did David Bennett have heart transplant surgery?
A．Because it is the last way fr him t survive.
B．Because he is the vlunteer f the experiment.
C．Because the genetically mdified pig needs him.
D．Because getting ut f bed is what he expects.
2．What can we knw abut the pig’s full heart transplant surgery?
A．It has been successful fr decades.B．It is an ptinal methd t help the pig.
C．It can cause the heart patient t stay in bed.D．It makes an advance in dealing with rgan crisis.
3．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined phrase?
A．a definite failureB．a desperate attempt
C．a great hpeD．a wise ptin
4．What is paragraph 6 mainly abut?
A．The result f the peratin.B．The effect f the peratin.
C．The prcess f the peratin.D．The methd f the peratin.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一名美国男子成为世界上第一个接受转基因猪心脏移植的人，文章介绍了该男子的情况以及猪的心脏移植手术取得的突破。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Surgens say the experimental prcedures was the nly available ptin fr the patient David Bennett, a 57-year-ld frm Maryland in the US, wh was living with heart disease.(外科医生表示，对于患有心脏病的57岁美国马里兰州患者大卫·贝内特来说，实验性手术是唯一可行的选择)”和第三段大卫·贝内特说的话“It was either t die, r d this transplant. I want t live.(要么死，要么做移植手术。我想活下去)”可知，大卫·贝内特要做心脏移植手术是因为这是他生存的最后一条路。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“While full heart transplants are mre cntrversial, pig heart valves (瓣膜) have been successfully used fr replacements in humans fr years.(虽然完整的心脏移植更具争议，但猪心脏瓣膜多年来已成功用于人体移植)”以及第五段“This was a breakthrugh surgery and brings us ne step clser t slving the rgan shrtage crisis.(这是一次突破性的手术，使我们离解决器官短缺危机又近了一步)”可知，猪的心脏移植手术在处理器官危机方面取得了进步。故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“but it’s my last chice(但它是我最后的选择)”以及“I lk frward t getting ut f bed after I recver.(我期待着康复后能下床)”可知，大卫·贝内特说进行移植手术是自己最后的选择，他想要康复后活动，说明这是一次不顾一切的尝试，故划线词意思是“不顾一切的尝试”。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第六段“In the dnr pig, three genes that wuld have led t the repaid rejectin f the pig’s heart were kncked ut. Six human genes respnsible fr immune acceptance f the pig heart were then inserted int the genme. Finally, ne gene in the pig was remved t prevent excessive grwth f the heart tissue nce it had been implanted.(在供体猪身上，三个可能导致猪心脏报复性排斥的基因被敲除。6个负责猪心脏免疫接受的人类基因随后被插入到基因组中。最后，为了防止心脏组织在植入后过度生长，猪体内的一个基因被移除)”可知，第六段的主要内容是手术过程。故选C。
Passage 2
Psture(姿势)plays an imprtant part in health. Lng-time pr psture can lead t pain and discmfrt. It has als been shwn that pr psture can increase the risk f disease. Slutins are needed t help peple, especially students and ffice wrkers, change their psture t prevent these prblems and imprve their health. As a result, researchers have develped a smart fabric(织物).
Peple ften sit in varius pr pstures in their daily life. This culd be reduced if peple were able t bserve their real-time sitting psture by wearing the smart fabric. With the sitting psitin mnitring (监测)，users can watch their psture n the screen and make necessary changes.
The fabric was develped using TENGS, which can use mvement f the wearer t cllect the energy t pwer the psture mnitring sensr(传感器). The data cllected by the sensrs can prvide immediate advice, warning the wearer when they need t change their psture. The fabric stretches easily and is washable and breathable. These factrs are imprtant fr hw peple use the smart fabric, affecting the cmfrt f the wearable sensrs and hw well the fabric wrks.
In additin t the cmfrt f the fabric, anther imprtant aspect is the effectiveness f the psture mnitring. The sensrs are fixed int the fabric in psitins alng the spines(脊椎), which can help cllect data n the mst cmmn pr psitins. The data is then sent t a machine, which prcesses key infrmatin telling hw the wearer is sitting, classifying their sitting psitin, and mnitring hw they crrect their psture. This system is able t crrectly recgnizing the wearer’s psture mst f the time.
With all these features, this mnitring clthing will help peple avid pain, discmfrt, and lng-term health prblems. And it is believed this clthing will ffer a reliable healthcare slutin fr lng-term mnitring.
5．Why is the smart fabric develped?
A．T treat sme spine diseases.
B．T change peple’s wrking habits.
C．T help peple crrect their pr pstures.
D．T start a new trend in the fashin industry.
6．What can we knw abut the mnitring system?
A．It is self-pwered.
B．It can be used as a charger.
C．It adapts t bdy mvements.
D．It prevents peple frm sitting fr lng.
7．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The advantages f the smart fabric.
B．The wrking prcess f the smart fabric.
C．The functin f sensrs in the smart fabric.
D．The ways f cllecting data within the smart fabric.
8．What is the authr’s attitude twards the mnitring system?
A．Dubtful.B．Surprised,C．Uncertain.D．Supprtive.
【答案】5．C 6．A 7．A 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了开发智能面料的目的是帮助人们纠正不良姿势。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Slutins are needed t help peple, especially students and ffice wrkers, change their psture t prevent these prblems and imprve their health. As a result, researchers have develped a smart fabric(织物).”（需要解决方案来帮助人们，特别是学生和上班族，改变他们的姿势，以预防这些问题，改善他们的健康。因此，研究人员开发了一种智能织物。）可推知，开发智能织物的目的是帮助人们纠正不良的姿势。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The fabric was develped using TENGS, which can use mvement f the wearer t cllect the energy t pwer the psture mnitring sensr(传感器).”（这种面料是用TENGS技术开发的，它可以利用穿戴者的运动来收集能量，为姿势监测传感器供电。）可推知，关于监控系统，我们知道它是自供电的。故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“In additin t the cmfrt f the fabric, anther imprtant aspect is the effectiveness f the psture mnitring.”（除了面料的舒适度，另一个重要的方面是姿势监测的有效性。）可知，第四段的主要内容是智能织物的优势。故选A项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With all these features, this mnitring clthing will help peple avid pain, discmfrt, and lng-term health prblems. And it is believed this clthing will ffer a reliable healthcare slutin fr lng-term mnitring.”（有了这些功能，这种监测服将帮助人们避免疼痛、不适和长期的健康问题。人们相信，这种衣服将为长期监测提供可靠的医疗解决方案。）可推知，作者对监控系统的态度是积极的，支持的。故选D项。
Passage 3
Hundreds f millins have rlled up their sleeves fr the COVID-19 vaccine, but why haven’t they taken dwn their pants instead? What’s the science behind why we get mst vaccines in ur arm and des the injectin site matter?
Muscles make an excellent vaccine injectin site because muscle tissue cntains imprtant immune cells. The immune cells recgnize the antigen (抗原), a tiny piece f a virus r bacterium intrduced by the vaccine that stimulates an immune respnse. In the case f the COVID-19 vaccine, the immune cells in the muscle tissue pick up these antigens and take them t the lymph ndes (淋巴结). Injecting the vaccine int muscle tissue keeps the vaccine lcalized (局部的), allwing the immune cells there t sund the alarm t ther immune cells and get t wrk. Once a vaccine is recgnized by the immune cells in the muscle, these cells carry the antigens t lymph vessels, which transprt the antigen-carrying immune cells int the lymph ndes. Lymph ndes, imprtant part f ur immune system, cntain mre immune cells that recgnize the antigens frm vaccines and start the immune prcess f creating antibdies.
Muscle tissue als tends t keep vaccine reactins lcalized. Injecting a vaccine int the muscle may result in lcal inflammatin (红肿) r sreness at the injectin site. If certain vaccines are injected int fat tissue, the chance f vaccine reactins increases because fat tissue has pr bld supply, leading t pr absrptin f the antigens in the vaccines.
Yet anther deciding factr in the vaccine injectin site is the size f the muscle. Adults and children aged three and lder tend t receive vaccines in their upper arm. Yunger children receive vaccines in their thighs (大腿) because their arm muscles are smaller and less develped.
Anther cnsideratin during vaccine injectin is cnvenience and patients’ acceptability. Can yu imagine taking dwn yur pants at a clinic with strangers arund? Rlling up yur sleeve is much easier and mre preferred.
All things cnsidered, when it cmes t the COVID-19 vaccine, fr mst adults and kids, the arm is the preferred injectin site.
9．Hw many reasns fr the vaccines given int the muscle are mentined?
A．2.B．3.C．4.D．5.
10．What des the underlined expressin “pick up” in the secnd paragraph prbably mean?
A．Recgnize.B．Cllect.C．Clean up.D．Lift up.
11．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is the preferred vaccine injectin site fr mst peple?
A．The arm.B．The hand.C．The thigh.D．The ft.
12．What may be the best title fr the passage?
A．Dn’t be afraid f injectinB．Why d we get injectin in the arm?
C．An interesting secret t injectinD．Hw vaccines are given int the muscle?
【答案】9．C 10．A 11．A 12．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了为什么在手臂肌肉注射疫苗的原因。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Muscles make an excellent vaccine injectin site because muscle tissue cntains imprtant immune cells（肌肉是一个很好的疫苗注射部位，因为肌肉组织含有重要的免疫细胞）”第三段中的“Muscle tissue als tends t keep vaccine reactins lcalized（肌肉组织也倾向于保持疫苗在局部反应）”第四段“Yet anther deciding factr in the vaccine injectin site is the size f the muscle.（疫苗注射部位的另一个决定因素是肌肉的大小。）”和第五段“Anther cnsideratin during vaccine injectin is cnvenience and patients’ acceptability.（疫苗注射过程中的另一个考虑因素是方便性和患者的可接受性。）”可知，疫苗注射在肌肉上有四个原因。故选择C项。
10．词句猜测题。根据上文中的“The immune cells recgnize the antigen(免疫细胞识别抗原)”可知，画线词组pickup与recgnize对应，表示“认识，辨认出”。肌肉组织中的免疫细胞识别出这些疫苗中的抗原，然后将其传送给淋巴结。故选择A项。
11．细节理解。根据文章最后一段内容“All things cnsidered, when it cmes t the COVID-19 vaccine, fr mst adults and kids, the arm is the preferred injectin site.（综合考虑，就新冠肺炎疫苗而言，对于大多数成年人和儿童来说，手臂是首选注射部位。）”可知，大多数人更乐意在胳膊上注射疫苗。故选择A项。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段首先提出“What’s the science behind why we get mst vaccines in ur arm and des the injectin site matter?（为什么我们的手臂上接种了大多数疫苗，注射部位重要吗？）”，下文详细分析了在胳膊上注射疫苗的原因，所以用B项“Why d we get injectin in the arm?”作为本文题目与文章主题项符合。故选择B项。
Passage 4
Over the last tw decades, humankind has created a vast mbile netwrk enabling peple t share infrmatin at unprecedented(前所未有的)rates, discvered water n Mars, engineered cars that run n hydrgen(氢), etc. S many achievements have there been, in fact, that mst g unnticed by the general ppulatin. It is nly when a family member needs a heart transplant that yu cme t learn abut the pssibility f smene building a heart fr them.
In September, British mathematician Sir Michael Atiyah claimed t have slved the Riemann Hypthesis, a cmplex mathematical equatin(数学方程式)that has puzzled sme f the wrld’s brightest minds fr 160 years. ”What is the Riemann Hypthesis and why shuld I care?“ yu ask. Frankly speaking, I dn’t understand it, and I dn’t think I ever will. But I am sure that its applicatins fr advancement in science and technlgy will be significant. The fact f the matter is that individuals r teams can spend years r even decades wrking n maths prblems that they may never slve. They d s nt nly because f the rewards that might be available, but als because it is a wrthy gal. Mst f the wrld will nt understand what these individuals d, but ur lives wuld be very different if nbdy ever sught t challenge themselves and take n crazy prjects.
I admire a man named Jir On, wner and chef f arguably the mst famus sushi restaurant in Japan. Jir became a qualified sushi chef in 1951, nearly 70 years ag. Tday, at the age f 92, he is still lking fr ways t imprve upn his craft. Many wuld think that after ding smething fr that lng, they have nthing else t learn, but Jir puts that ntin t shame. Every day, he stands behind the cunter and experiments with fd in his pursuit f perfectin.
In life, just abut every crner yu turn, yu can find areas t imprve upn. Medical researchers lk fr ways t cure cancer; basketball players practice hard t becme the next Michael Jrdan; scientists experiment with alternative fuels t help the envirnment. Mst f us have nt been tasked with prgressing in a certain way yet, but what all f us shuld be ding is seeking t imprve urselves fr the gd f urselves r fr the gd f thers.
13．Why did the authr mentin Sir Michael Atiyah in Paragraph 2?
A．T emphasize that his cntributin is unprecedented.
B．T argue that prving maths prblem is prfitable.
C．T identify the essential ingredients that lead t his success.
D．T prve that we need pineers like him in tday’s wrld.
14．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．An artificial heart isn’t available fr ne with heart disease.
B．Jir On cnsiders seeking imprvement as a shame.
C．Everyne shuld try t impse themselves merely fr his wn sake.
D．Michael Atiyah is similar t Jir On in terms f their pursuit.
15．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A．Prving Riemann HypthesisB．The Never-ending Jurney
C．Challenging OurselvesD．Achieving Success
【答案】13．D 14．D 15．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过列举了英国数学家Sir Michael Atiyah一直努力证明黎曼猜想以及日本厨师Jir On一生追求做出完美的寿司食品的例子，旨在说明任何事情就像一场没有终点的旅行，你需要一直努力。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Mst f the wrld will nt understand what these individuals d, but ur lives wuld be very different if nbdy ever sught t challenge themselves and take n crazy prjects.”（世界上大多数人都不会理解这些人在做什么，但如果没有人试图挑战自己，接受疯狂的项目，我们的生活会非常不同。）可知，正是因为有那些试图挑战自己，不断接受疯狂的项目的人们，才有了我们如今的生活。可推知，作者本段列举英国数学家Sir Michael Atiyah的例子，就是为了证明我们需要这样的先驱。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“It is nly when a family member needs a heart transplant that yu cme t learn abut the pssibility f smene building a heart fr them.”（只有当一个家庭成员需要心脏移植时，你才会了解到有人为他们建造心脏的可能性。）可知，一个人工心脏能给一个有心脏病的人使用。选项A与文意不符；根据第三段中“Tday, at the age f 92, he is still lking fr ways t imprve upn his craft. ”（如今，92岁的他仍在寻找提高技艺的方法。）可知，Jir 在92岁仍在追求进步，说明寻求进步并非耻辱。选项B与文意不符；根据最后一段最后一句中“what all f us shuld be ding is seeking t imprve urselves fr the gd f urselves r fr the gd f thers.”（我们所有人都应该做的是为了自己的利益或他人的利益而提高自己。）所以，每个人都不应该仅仅是为了自己的原因。选项C错误。根据第二段中“The fact f the matter is that individuals r teams can spend years r even decades wrking n maths prblems that they may never slve. They d s nt nly because f the rewards that might be available, but als because it is a wrthy gal. ”（事实是，个人或团队可能花费数年甚至数十年的时间研究他们可能永远无法解决的数学问题。他们这么做不仅是因为可能获得奖励，还因为这是一个有价值的目标。）可知，英国数学家Sir Michael Atiyah一直努力证明黎曼猜想，是因为他认为这是有价值的。倒数第二段中“Jir became a qualified sushi chef in 1951, nearly 70 years ag. Tday, at the age f 92, he is still lking fr ways t imprve upn his craft. ”（1951年，也就是近70年前，Jir成为了一名合格的寿司厨师。如今，92岁的他仍在寻找提高技艺的方法。）可知，Jir倾其一生追求提高技艺的方法。所以，Michael Atiyah和Jir两人一生都是追求自己的目标。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段和第三段中分别列举英国数学家Sir Michael Atiyah和日本厨师Jir On两人的事例，可知，两人毕生都在追求着自己的目标，说明任何事情就像一场没有终点的旅行，你需要一直努力。选项B与文意相符，符合文章主题。故选B。
Passage 5
Munting evidence suggests that lngtime sitting — a main part f mdern-day life — is risky t yur health, even if yu exercise regularly. Based n these findings, dctrs advise all adults t sit less and mve mre. But hw ften d we need t get up frm ur chairs? And fr hw lng?
Few studies have cmpared multiple ptins t cme up with the answer mst ffice wrkers want: What is the least amunt f activity needed t cunteract the health effects f a wrkday filled with sitting?
Nw a study by Clumbia University exercise physilgists has an answer. Unlike ther studies that test ne r tw activity ptins, the study tested five different exercise “snacks”, r shrt bursts f activity after a perid f time’s sitting: ne minute f walking after every 30 minutes f sitting, ne minute after 60 minutes, five minutes every 30, five minutes every 60 and n walking.
The prper amunt f mvement, the researchers fund, was five minutes f walking every 30 minutes. This was the nly amunt that greatly lwered bth bld sugar and bld pressure. In additin, this walking rutine had an impressive effect n hw the participants respnded t large meals, reducing bld sugar spikes (峰值) by 58% cmpared with sitting all day. Taking a walking break every 30 minutes fr ne minute als prvided mdest benefits fr bld sugar levels thrughut the day, while walking every 60 minutes, either fr ne minute r five minutes, prvided n benefit.
What we knw nw is that fr best health, yu need t mve regularly at wrk, in additin t a daily exercise rutine. While that may sund impractical, the findings shw that even small amunts f walking spread thrugh the wrk day can greatly lwer yur risk f heart disease and ther chrnic (慢性的) illnesses.
16．What des the study by Clumbia University fcus n?
A．What adults shuld d t keep exercising regularly.
B．When and where we need t sit less and mve mre.
C．Why lngtime sitting every day is risky t ur health.
D．Hw ften and hw lng we need t walk frm ur chairs.
17．What des the underlined wrd “cunteract” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Cancel ut.B．Give up.C．Add t.D．Benefit frm.
18．Which walking pattern is the mst useful fr health accrding t the text?
A．One minute f walking after every 30 minutes f sitting.
B．Five minutes f walking after every 30 minutes f sitting.
C．One minute f walking after every 60 minutes f sitting.
D．Five minutes f walking after every 60 minutes f sitting.
19．What des the last paragraph shw?
A．The risks f heart disease and ther illnesses.
B．The daily exercise rutine suitable fr everyne.
C．The suggestins n the health f the ffice staff.
D．The ways f mving regularly at wrk every day.
【答案】16．D 17．A 18．B 19．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了久坐对健康的产生的危害，但一项小研究表明，每坐30分钟，就进行5分钟的步行，有助于抵消这种危害。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段“But hw ften d we need t get up frm ur chairs? And fr hw lng?”（但是我们需要多久从椅子上站一次？持续多久？）可知，哥伦比亚大学关注的是我们需要多久从椅子上走开一次并且要走多久。故选D项。
17．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Munting evidence suggests that lngtime sitting — a main part f mdern-day life — is risky t yur health。”（越来越多的证据表明，即使你经常锻炼，长期久坐——现代生活的主要部分——对你的健康也是有风险的。）及第二段划线单词的句子“Few studies have cmpared multiple ptins t cme up with the answer mst ffice wrkers want: What is the least amunt f activity needed t cunteract the health effects f a wrkday filled with sitting?”（很少有研究对多种选择进行比较，以得出大多数上班族想要的答案：为了cunteract久坐的工作日对健康的影响，最少的活动量是多少？）可知，前文提到久坐对健康有影响，推断出上班族关心的对于抵消工作日久坐对健康的影响最少的活动量是多少，cunteract和A项“抵消”意思一致。故选A项。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段“The prper amunt f mvement, the researchers fund, was five minutes f walking every 30 minutes.”（研究人员发现，适当的运动量是每30分钟步行5分钟。）可知，根据文章可知对于健康最有用的行走模式是每30分钟步行5分钟。故选B项。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“What we knw nw is that fr best health, yu need t mve regularly at wrk, in additin t a daily exercise rutine.”（我们现在所知道的是，为了获得最佳健康，除了日常锻炼外，你还需要在工作中定期运动。）可知，最后一段展示出这是关于办公室工作人员健康的建议。故选C项。
Passage 6
Peple have grwn taller ver, the last, century, with Suth Krean wmen shting up by mre than 20 cm n average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5 cm. A glbal study lked at the average height f 18-year-lds in 200 cuntries between 1914 and 2014. The results shw that while Swedes were the tallest peple in the wrld in 1914, Dutch men have risen frm 12th place t the tp spt with an average height f 182.5 cm. Latvian wmen, meanwhile, rse frm 28th place in 1914 t becme the tallest in the wrld a century later, with an average height f 169.8 cm. James Bentham, a c-authr f the research, says the glbal trend is likely but “nce yu average ver whle ppulatins, genetics plays a less key rle,” he added.
A little extra height brings a number f advantages says Eli Ribli f Imperial Cllege. “Being taller is assciated with lnger life expectancy,” he said. “This is largely due t a lwer risk f dying f cardivascular (心血管的) disease amng taller peple.”
But while height has increased arund the wrld, the trend in many African cuntries causes cncern, says Ribli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing amng 18-year-lds.
“One reasn fr these decreases in height is the ecnmic situatin in the 1980s,” said Alexander Mradi f the University f Sussex. The nutritinal and health crises led t many children and teenagers failing t their full ptential in terms f height.
Bentham believes the glbal trend f increasing height is f great imprtance. “Hw tall we are nw is strngly influenced by the envirnment we grew up in” he said? “If we give children the best pssible start in life nw, they will be healthier and mre prductive fr decades t cme.”
20．What des the glbal study tell us abut peple’s height?
A．The last century has seen a great increase in peple’s height in mst cuntries.
B．Genetics plays a key rle in the increase f peple’s height in the last: century.
C．The increase in wmen’s height is much bigger than men’s in the last century.
D．Dutch and Swedes are ranked first and secnd in height in’ the wrld nwadays.
21．What des Eli Ribli say abut taller peple?
A．They generally risk fewer diseases.B．They tend t live lnger.
C．They enjy an easier life.D．They have greater expectatins in life.
22．The underlined wrd “reversed” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by ________.
A．slwed dwn.B．remained stable.
C．cme t life again.D．changed t the cntrary.
23．Accrding t the text, James Bentham suggests that ________.
A．envirnment prtectin shuld be attached great imprtance t
B．the glbal trend f increasing height shuld be clsely watched
C．children’s prper nutritin and healthcare shuld be guaranteed
D．the ecnmic situatin f sme cuntries shuld be imprved
【答案】20．A 21．B 22．D 23．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项全球研究的结果显示上个世纪人们平均身高有所增加。身高很大程度上受到成长环境的影响，如果想要孩子们在未来几十年里更健康、更年富力强，我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。
20．细节理解题。根据第一段“Peple have grwn taller ver, the last, century, with Suth Krean wmen shting up by mre than 20 cm n average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5 cm. A glbal study lked at the average height f 18-year-lds in 200 cuntries between 1914 and 2014.(在过去的一个世纪里，人们长高了，韩国女性的平均身高增加了超过20厘米，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。一项全球研究调查了1914年至2014年间200个国家18岁青少年的平均身高)”可知，这项全球研究调查了1914年到2014年200个国家18岁青少年人的平均身高，得出结论，过去的一个世纪里，人们的平均身高增长了。故选A项。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段““Being taller is assciated with lnger life expectancy,” he said.(他说：“个子越高，预期寿命越长。”)”可知，Eli Ribli表示个子更高的人往往活得时间更长。故选B项。
22．词句猜测题。根据第三段“While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing amng 18-year-lds.(虽然乌干达和尼日尔的身高在20世纪初有所增加，但近年来这一趋势reversed，18岁人群的身高有所下降)”可知，20世纪初，乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加，但近年来18岁人群的身高有所下降，即身高增加这一趋势反转了，推测划线单词表示“颠倒，反转”，即“changed t the cntrary (与此相反)”。故选D项。
23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The nutritinal and health crises led t many children and teenagers failing t their full ptential in terms f height.(营养和健康危机导致许多儿童和青少年在身高方面未能充分发挥潜力)”以及最后一段“If we give children the best pssible start in life nw, they will be healthier and mre prductive fr decades t cme.(如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来几十年里会更健康、更年富力强)”可知，James Bentham建议给孩子们最好的人生开端，确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。故选C项。
Passage 7
Hw Did Wlfgang Amadeus Mzart Die?
On Nvember 20th, 1791, Mzart suddenly came dwn with fever and was wracked with pain. His arms and legs were severely swllen. In the fllwing days his health significantly deterirated. He died n December 5 after lapsing int a cma. The death certificate states he died f “severe miliary fever”. Exactly which disease led t Mzart’s death has been a mystery fr the last 200 years.
Speculatins
Many myths —sme mre plausible than thers — entwine (缠绕) Mzart’s early demise. One f the mst ppular myths — that Mzart was pisned by his rival Antni Salieri — rse t prminence due t the ppularity f the film Amadeus. This thery is supprted by the fact that Mzart had been living thrugh a phase f depressin befre his death, suffering frm parania and existential fear. Mzart himself suspected that the cause f his deterirating health was being pisned ver a lng time. Hwever, it is highly likely that this was just his subjective view f reality.
Many ther speculatins circulate. Syphilis and trichinellsis are frequently mentined. In 1905, a French physician assumed uric acid pisning due t a never fully healed nephritis. In 1961, lead pisning was suggested as a pssible cause f death.
Scientific attempts t explain Mzart’s death
In 2000, a grup f American scientists prpsed rheumatic fever caused by a strep infectin after cnducting meticulus detective wrk. The symptms stated in literature and the reprts f Mzart’s cntempraries yielded the clues. Withut antibitics, such an infectin wuld inevitably lead t death. Rheumatic fever causes a weakening f the heart, which culd explain Mzart’s swllen limbs.
In 2009, the Dutch scientist Richard Zegers extensively studied surviving dcuments and cncluded that Mzart had been suffering frm pharyngitis, a thrat infectin with symptms including cramps, fever, rashes and a swllen neck. Mzart’s sister-in-law Sphie Haibel had described these symptms. The death registry f Vienna fr winter 1791 lists several deaths caused by this disease.
Whatever the cause f Mzart’s death, it came far t early. Let us thank him fr his manic urge t create art and remember him n December 5th!
24．Which f the fllwing is similar in meaning t the underlined wrd “deterirate” (Paragraph 1)?
A．T becme wrse.B．T change greatly.
C．T recver quickly.D．T be harmed rapidly.
25．Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．It is generally believed that Mzart was pisned by his friend.
B．Mzart’s depressin parania and existential fear led t his death.
C．Mzart had been pisned sustainably fr a lng time befre he died.
D．Mzart nce gt a nephritis and it was never healed.
26．What can we infer frm Paragraph 4?
A．Mzart’s disease was recrded in cntemprary literature and reprts.
B．Antibitics were nt discvered at that time.
C．Rheumatic fever can nly be caused by strep infectin.
D．Mzart’s illness cannt be cured even tday.
27．What is the authr’s purpse mentining Mzart’s sister-in-law’s wrds?
A．T back up the Dutchman’s study.
B．T prve they were cmmn symptms causing death in 1791.
C．T prve Mzart did have such symptms befre his death.
D．T emphasize her special identify as a witness t Mzart’s death.
【答案】24．A 25．D 26．B 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对世界音乐家莫扎特死因的种种猜测。
24．词义猜测题。根据第一段“On Nvember 20th, 1791, Mzart suddenly came dwn with fever and was wracked with pain. His arms and legs were severely swllen. In the fllwing days his health significantly deterirated. He died n December 5 after lapsing int a cma. （1791年11月20日，莫扎特突然发烧，疼痛难当。他的胳膊和腿严重肿胀。在随后的几天里，他的健康状况严重deterirated。他在昏迷后于12月5日去世。）”可知，前面说莫扎特严重肿胀，后来去世，可以推断是健康严重恶化，然后去世，所以，划线单词deterirated的意义为“恶化”。故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1905, a French physician assumed uric acid pisning due t a never fully healed nephritis.（1905年，一位法国医生认为尿酸中毒是由于从未完全愈合的肾炎。）”可知，莫扎特有一次得了肾炎，一直没有痊愈。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段“In 2000, a grup f American scientists prpsed rheumatic fever caused by a strep infectin after cnducting meticulus detective wrk. The symptms stated in literature and the reprts f Mzart’s cntempraries yielded the clues. Withut antibitics, such an infectin wuld inevitably lead t death. Rheumatic fever causes a weakening f the heart, which culd explain Mzart’s swllen limbs.（2000年，一组美国科学家在进行了细致的侦查工作后，提出了由链球菌感染引起的风湿热。文学作品中描述的症状和莫扎特同时代人的报告提供了线索。如果没有抗生素，这种感染将不可避免地导致死亡。风湿热会导致心脏衰弱，这可以解释莫扎特四肢肿胀的原因。）”可知，当时还没有发现抗生素，导致莫扎特四肢肿胀去世。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In 2009, the Dutch scientist Richard Zegers extensively studied surviving dcuments and cncluded that Mzart had been suffering frm pharyngitis, a thrat infectin with symptms including cramps, fever, rashes and a swllen neck. Mzart’s sister-in-law Sphie Haibel had described these symptms. The death registry f Vienna fr winter 1791 lists several deaths caused by this disease.（2009年，荷兰科学家理查德·齐格斯(Richard Zegers)广泛研究了现存的文献，得出结论认为莫扎特患有咽炎，这是一种喉咙感染，症状包括痉挛、发烧、皮疹和颈部肿胀。莫扎特的嫂子索菲·海贝尔描述了这些症状。1791年冬季维也纳的死亡登记处列出了由这种疾病造成的几起死亡。）”可知，作者提到莫扎特嫂子的话的目的为了证明莫扎特生前确实有这种症状。故选C。
Passage 8
Yu may be surprised t learn that ne f the best steps yu can take t prtect yur health is t step utside and spend sme time in the grass, dirt and water. Our ancestrs enjyed the healing pwer f nature, and nw scientists are starting t catch up. Researchers have dcumented hw cntact with nature can decrease mental tiredness, and enhance mds,cncentratin and prblem-slving.Just having a view f nature has been shwn t imprve hspital patients’ recvery and reduce illness rates. Expsure t the pen air, hrseback riding, hiking,camping can be helpful fr a variety f health cnditins in adults and children.Much f this type f research is fcusing n children,and in fact an entire mvement has quickly develped t cnnect kids with the healing pwer f nature.
Obesity. Rates f childhd, adult besity and related cnditins including diabetes(糖尿病) and heart disease have grwn greatly in recent years, partly because f reducing the time f utdr activities. This prblem can be partly addressed by increasing the time students spend learning abut nature, bth in and utside the classrm. Such lessns are ften mre engaging t students and ften lead them t becme mre active utside.
Attentin deficit hyperactivity disrder(ADHD)(注意力缺失症). An expsure t rdinary natural settings in the curse f cmmn after schl and weekend activities may be widely effective in reducing attentin shrtness symptms(症状) in children. Participatin in green activities helps ADHD patients keep fcused and cmplete tasks.
Stress. Access t nature,even huseplants,can help children deal with stress. Depressin and seasnal emtinal disrder. Majr depressin requires medical treatment,but physical activity,especially thse dne utdrs, can help ease symptms. Staying in the sunshine fr just a few minutes can als help supply bne-building vitamin D．Experts say that simply walking in a city park can enjy nature’s benefits.
28．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is the mst imprtant fr yu t keep healthy?
A．Healthy diet.B．Exercises.
C．Outdr activities .D．N smking.
29．The underlined wrd “enhance” in Paragraph 1 is clsest in meaning t
A．imprveB．addC．destryD．cntrl
30．Frm the first paragraph, what d we knw?
A．Peple didn’t enjy the healing pwer f nature until recent years.
B．Having a view f nature is the nly way t imprve health cnditins.
C．Outdr activities are gd fr peple’s health.
D．Researchers have fund ut what causes peple’s mental tiredness and illness.
31．The effects f utdr activities include FXCEPT_________.
A．Helping peple t cntrl stress
B．helping children t increase the vitamin D level
C．helping peple t reduce the symptms f ADHD
D．helping scientists t believe the rates f adult besity and the healing pwer f the pen air
【答案】28．C 29．A 30．C 31．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是研究人员已经证明，与大自然接触可以减少精神疲劳，提高情绪、注意力和解决问题的能力。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Yu may be surprised t learn that ne f the best steps yu can take t prtect yur health is t step utside and spend sme time in the grass, dirt and water.(你可能会惊讶地发现，保护健康的最佳方法之一就是走到户外，花点时间在草地、泥土和水中。)”可知，根据本文，保持健康的最佳方法就是走到户外。故选C。
29．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Yu may be surprised t learn that ne f the best steps yu can take t prtect yur health is t step utside and spend sme time in the grass, dirt and water.(你可能会惊讶地发现，保护健康的最佳方法之一就是走到户外，花点时间在草地、泥土和水中。)”可知，走到户外对我们的健康有好处。再根据划线单词上一句“Researchers have dcumented hw cntact with nature can decrease mental tiredness(研究人员已经证明，与大自然接触可以减少精神疲劳)”，而划线单词后的宾语“mds, cncentratin and prblem-slving(情绪、注意力和解决问题的能力)”可推断，与大自然接触可以减少精神疲劳，所以划线单词enhance的意思和“提高”相关。选项A“imprve (提高)”；选项B“add (增加)”；选项C“destry (毁灭)”；选项D“cntrl (控制)”。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Yu may be surprised t learn that ne f the best steps yu can take t prtect yur health is t step utside and spend sme time in the grass, dirt and water. Our ancestrs enjyed the healing pwer f nature, and nw scientists are starting t catch up. Researchers have dcumented hw cntact with nature can decrease mental tiredness, and enhance mds, cncentratin and prblem-slving. Just having a view f nature has been shwn t imprve hspital patients’ recvery and reduce illness rates. Expsure t the pen air, hrseback riding, hiking, camping can be helpful fr a variety f health cnditins in adults and children. Much f this type f research is fcusing n children, and in fact an entire mvement has quickly develped t cnnect kids with the healing pwer f nature.(你可能会惊讶地发现，保护健康的最佳方法之一就是走到户外，花点时间在草地、泥土和水中。我们的祖先曾享受过大自然的治愈力量，现在科学家们开始迎头赶上。研究人员已经证明，与大自然接触可以减少精神疲劳，提高情绪、注意力和解决问题的能力。只要看看大自然就能改善医院病人的康复，降低发病率。暴露在户外、骑马、徒步旅行、露营对成人和儿童的各种健康状况都有帮助。这类研究大多集中在儿童身上，事实上，一场将儿童与自然的治愈力量联系起来的运动已经迅速发展起来。)”可知，从第一段中，我们可知户外运动对我们的健康有好处。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Access t nature, even huseplants, can help children deal with stress. Depressin and seasnal emtinal disrder. Majr depressin requires medical treatment, but physical activity, especially thse dne utdrs, can help ease symptms. Staying in the sunshine fr just a few minutes can als help supply bne-building vitamin D. Experts say that simply walking in a city park can enjy nature’s benefits.(亲近大自然，甚至室内植物，都能帮助孩子们应对压力。抑郁症和季节性情绪障碍。重度抑郁症需要药物治疗，但体育活动，尤其是户外活动，可以帮助缓解症状。在阳光下晒几分钟也可以帮助补充骨骼所需的维生素D。专家说，在城市公园散步也可以享受大自然的好处。)”可推断，户外运动可以帮助人们应对压力，以及补充骨骼所需的维生素D。因此，选项A、B是户外活动带来的好处；再根据文章第三段“An expsure t rdinary natural settings in the curse f cmmn after schl and weekend activities may be widely effective in reducing attentin shrtness symptms(症状) in children. Participatin in green activities helps ADHD patients keep fcused and cmplete tasks.(在普通的放学后和周末活动过程中，暴露在普通的自然环境中，可能对减轻儿童注意力缺失症状广泛有效。参与绿色活动有助于多动症患者保持注意力集中并完成任务。)”可知，户外活动可以帮助减轻儿童注意力缺失症状。因此选项C也是户外活动带来的好处。故选D。
Passage 9
Imagine a future where science has created yur twin. Nt a flesh-and-bld twin, but ne that recreates yur flesh and bld, yur bnes, yur heart, yur brain — yur whle bdy, in fact — as an extremely cmplicated cmputer mdel.
Yur dctrs can use this digital twin t wrk ut hw yu will respnd t a particular drug r medical prcedure. They can even lk further int the future, creating a “healthcast”, t frecast what diseases might happen t yu r hw yur lifestyle will affect yur health as yu age. It is the ultimate in persnalized medicine. This is the bld visin set ut in Virtual Yu: Hw building yur digital twin will revlutinize medicine and change yur life by Peter Cveney, directr f the Centre fr Cmputatinal Science, and Rger Highfield, science directr f the Science Museum Grup, UK.
Digital twins are already in widespread use in industries such as civil engineering. But these mdel systems are much simpler than the cmplex human bdy. Imagine all the parts that cme tgether t make yu wrk: frm the 3 billin letters f yur genme (基因组), the numerus mlecules (分子) that make up yur cells, the trillins f cells building yur tissues and rgans, and the envirnment having its input t. Nw, imagine trying t create a mdel f this that is made t each unique individual and that predicts the changes that will take place ver a lifetime. This is easier said than dne. Changes in the systems bilgists want t describe are usually different frm what mathematicians describe as “nn-linear” (非线性的). Anther cmplicatin is “emergence”: where the whle f a system is greater than the sum f its parts. This cmplexity challenges mathematics and pushes cmputing t the limit t.
But getting t the next level — a whle human individual — is ging t require yet mre data and a revlutin in cmputing technlgy far beynd what is currently pssible. Whether we will get there is an pen questin, but Virtual Yu shws us what scientists frm different fields can achieve when they all wrk tgether.
32．What be learned abut yur science-made twin accrding t Paragraph 1?
A．Yur twin lks just like yu.
B．Yur twin knws yur thughts.
C．Yur twin exists n the cmputer.
D．Yur twin is created ut f yur DNA．
33．Why is it difficult t build a digital twin?
A．Human bdy is mre cmplicated than mdels.
B．Digital twins are nt widely used in industries.
C．Scientists lack enugh data in building it.
D．Mathematicians and bilgists hld different pinins.
34．What’s the authr’s attitude twards the idea f a digital twin?
A．Optimistic.
B．Uncertain.
C．Uncncerned.
D．Skeptical.
35．What is the purpse f this text?
A．T stress the necessity f digital twins.
B．T shw the effects f digital twins n future health.
C．T explain the building f digital twins in health.
D．T intrduce new treatments fr diseases in the future.
【答案】32．C 33．A 34．A 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了健康领域的数字双胞胎模型，包括其概念、发挥的作用、建模的难点和未来的发展趋势。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Nt a flesh-and-bld twin, but ne that recreates yur flesh and bld, yur bnes, yur heart, yur brain — yur whle bdy, in fact — as an extremely cmplicated cmputer mdel.（不是血肉之躯的双胞胎，而是将你的血肉之躯、骨骼、心脏、大脑——实际上是你的整个身体——复制成一个极其复杂的计算机模型。）”可知，你的科学双胞胎存在于电脑中。故选C项。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Changes in the systems bilgists want t describe are usually different frm what mathematicians describe as “nn-linear” (非线性的). Anther cmplicatin is “emergence”: where the whle f a system is greater than the sum f its parts. This cmplexity challenges mathematics and pushes cmputing t the limit t.（生物学家想要描述的系统变化通常不同于数学家所描述的“非线性”。另一个复杂的问题是“涌现”：一个系统的整体大于其各部分的总和。这种复杂性对数学提出了挑战，也将计算推向了极限。）”可知，建立数字双胞胎的困难在于人体远比模型复杂，其中的系统变化和涌现问题非常难以解决。故选A项。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But getting t the next level — a whle human individual — is ging t require yet mre data and a revlutin in cmputing technlgy far beynd what is currently pssible. Whether we will get there is an pen questin, but Virtual Yu shws us what scientists frm different fields can achieve when they all wrk tgether.（但要达到下一个阶段——一个完整的人类个体——将需要更多的数据和一场远远超出目前可能的计算技术革命。我们是否能实现这一目标是一个悬而未决的问题，但《虚拟的你》向我们展示了来自不同领域的科学家在共同努力时所能取得的成就。）”可知，作者认为虽然能否创造一个完整的人类个体仍然未知，但是《虚拟的你》这本书已经展示了科学家们在共同努力方面的成就。由此推知，作者对数字双胞胎的想法是积极乐观的。故选A项。
35．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章为读者介绍了健康领域的数字双胞胎模型，包括其概念、发挥的作用、建模的难点和未来的发展趋势。因此，文章的目的在于解释健康领域数字双胞胎的构建。故选C项。
Passage 10
Can getting a dg help peple live lnger? Dg wnership is assciated with a reduced risk fr heart related disease and death, finds a new Swedish study published in the jurnal Scientific Reprts.
Fr peple living alne, wning a dg can decrease their risk f death by 33% and their risk f heart related death by 36%, when cmpared t single individuals withut a pet, accrding t the study. Chances f a heart attack were als fund t be 11% lwer. Multi-persn husehld wners als saw benefits, thugh t a lesser extent. Risk f death amng these dg wners fell by 11% and their chances f heart-related death were 15% lwer. But their risk f a heart attack was nt reduced by wning a dg.
As a single dg wner, an individual is the nly persn walking and interacting with their pet, which may cntribute t greater prtectin frm heart-related disease and death, said the study. “We knw that dg wners in general have a higher level f physical activity. which culd be ne explanatin t the bserve results,” said Fall, authr f the study. The findings als suggest increased scial well-being and immune system develpment as additinal reasns why dg wnership ffers prtectin against heart-related disease and death.
Fall believes that while their study prvides strng evidence fr the health benefits f dgs, their wrk is nt dne yet, since it des nt answer why dgs achieve these results. There are als ther factrs that still need t be cnsidered, such as the wner’s persnality and general physical health and activity.
While the research was carried ut in Sweden. Fall des believe it may als apply t ther cuntries including the US, since peple’s attitudes tward dg care are similar. Hwever, sme factrs that may affect the results are the differences in climate and sciecnmic backgrunds. “We have a clder climate s we have indr dgs where wners take their dgs ut fr a walk, In warmer climates, they culd keep them in the yard and wn’t have t actively take them fr a walk. I think it wuld be hard t take the data frm Sweden and apply it t the US since we have a mre different ppulatin. Mre studies shuld be btained in the United States,” said Fall.
36．Why des the writer ask a questin at the beginning f the passage?
A．T express his dubt.B．T get the crrect answer.
C．T test readers’ knwledge.D．T intrduce the tpic.
37．What is the main idea f Paragraph 2?
A．The benefits f raising dgs fr single peple.
B．The disadvantages f raising animals fr their wners.
C．The figures the writer prvides t supprt the research.
D．The imprtance f wning pets fr all kinds f peple.
38．What is the finding f the new study?
A．Walking and interacting with pets cntributes t their wners’ health.
B．Single individuals withut a pet have a lwer risk f heart-related death.
C．The pet wner’s persnality and activity have little t d with his/her health.
D．Keeping dgs can help wners free frm cancer and heart-related disease.
39．What can we knw frm Fall’s wrds?
A．The research carried ut in Sweden may apply t all cuntries.
B．Warmer climates make it unnecessary fr dg wners t walk them.
C．There is n need t d mre research in the United States.
D．Climate and sciecnmic backgrunds may influence the research.
【答案】36．D 37．C 38．A 39．D
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了瑞典发表在《科学报告》杂志上的一项新研究发现，养狗与降低患心脏病和死亡的风险有关。
36．推理判断题。根据第一段“Can getting a dg help peple live lnger? Dg wnership is assciated with a reduced risk fr heart related disease and death, finds a new Swedish study published in the jurnal Scientific Reprts.(养狗能让人长寿吗?瑞典发表在《科学报告》杂志上的一项新研究发现，养狗与降低患心脏病和死亡的风险有关)”结合下文对这项研究结果的阐述可知，作者在文章的开头问了一个问题，是为了通过设问的方式，提出本文主题——养狗与降低患心脏病和死亡的风险有关。故选D项。
37．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Fr peple living alne, wning a dg can decrease their risk f death by 33% and their risk f heart related death by 36%, when cmpared t single individuals withut a pet, accrding t the study. Chances f a heart attack were als fund t be 11% lwer. Multi-persn husehld wners als saw benefits, thugh t a lesser extent. Risk f death amng these dg wners fell by 11% and their chances f heart-related death were 15% lwer. But their risk f a heart attack was nt reduced by wning a dg.(根据这项研究，与没有宠物的单身人士相比，独居人士养狗可以将他们的死亡风险降低33%，心脏相关死亡风险降低36%。心脏病发作的几率也降低了11%。多口之家的户主也从中受益，尽管受益程度较低。这些狗主人的死亡风险降低了11%，与心脏相关的死亡风险降低了15%。但他们患心脏病的风险并没有因为养狗而降低)”可知，本段的主题是作者提供一些数据来支持这项研究成果。故选C项。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段“As a single dg wner, an individual is the nly persn walking and interacting with their pet, which may cntribute t greater prtectin frm heart-related disease and death, said the study. “We knw that dg wners in general have a higher level f physical activity. which culd be ne explanatin t the bserve results, ” said Fall, authr f the study. (研究称，作为一个单身的狗主人，只有一个人在和他们的宠物散步和互动，这可能有助于更好地防止与心脏相关的疾病和死亡。“我们知道，养狗的人一般都有更高水平的体育锻炼。这可能是对观察结果的一种解释，”该研究的作者福尔说。)”可知，这项新研究的发现，养狗的人一般都有更多体育锻炼，与宠物散步和互动提高有助于防止与心脏相关的疾病和死亡，这对主人的健康有益。故选A项。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hwever, sme factrs that may affect the results are the differences in climate and sciecnmic backgrunds. “We have a clder climate s we have indr dgs where wners take their dgs ut fr a walk, In warmer climates, they culd keep them in the yard and wn’t have t actively take them fr a walk. I think it wuld be hard t take the data frm Sweden and apply it t the US since we have a mre different ppulatin. Mre studies shuld be btained in the United States, ” said Fall.(然而，一些可能影响结果的因素是气候和社会经济背景的差异。“我们的气候较冷，所以我们有室内狗，主人带他们的狗出去散步。在温暖的气候下，他们可以把它们放在院子里，不需要主动带它们出去散步。我认为很难把瑞典的数据应用到美国，因为我们的人口更不同。应该在美国进行更多的研究。”)”可知，从Fall的话中我们可以知道气候和社会经济背景可能会影响研究。故选D项。
高频话题02 饮食习惯类
Passage 1
①What des it say abut the future f meat when the cuntry’s largest prcessr f chicken, prk, and beef buys a stake (股份) in a start-up that aims t “perfectly replace animal prtein with plant prtein”?
②Tysn Fds annunced this week that it purchased a 5 percent stake in Beynd Meat, the Suthern Califrnia-based fd-tech start-up that made headlines earlier this year with its veggie burger that reprtedly cks and tastes like real beef.
③T be sure, Beynd Meat’s meatless creatins have yet t take the cuntry by strm. Althugh the 100 percent plant-based burgers have achieved plenty f psitive press since they appeared fr the first time in May, s far they’re nly available at Whle Fds stres in seven states. Even thugh the cmpany’s “chicken” strips, “beef” pies, and meatless frzen dinners are available natinwide, Beynd Meat is hardly a husehld name.
④That may be what makes the news f Tysn’s investment all the mre ntewrthy. While the tw cmpanies declined t give details abut the deal, it’s dubtful that Tysn’s 5 percent stake made much f dent (凹陷) in the meat giant’s cffers (金库). The cmpany psted $41.4 billin in sales last year; prir t the deal with Tysn, Beynd Meat had reprtedly raised $64 millin in prject capital funding — abut what Tysn earns befre lunch n any given day.
⑤Tysn is ding pretty great. The cmpany reprted recrd third-quarter earnings per share in August and says that it expects verall meat prductin t increase 2 t 3 percent during the next financial year. But like a big il cmpany shelling ut cash t invest in wind pwer, Tysn’s te-in-the-water mve t team up with a start-up devted t bringing mre plant-based prtein t American dinner tables seems t suggest the meat industry is starting t see which way the winds are blwing.
⑥Sales f plant-based prtein, which ttaled an estimated $5 billin last year, cntinue t pale cmpared with the market fr meat in America — but vegetarian alternatives t meat are bming, with sales grwing at mre than duble the rate fr fd prducts verall. The steady drumbeat f news abut the negative health impacts, envirnmental prblems, and animal welfare cncerns assciated with meat cnsumptin appears t be sinking in. Accrding t a survey released in April, mre than half f Americans surveyed said they plan t eat mre plant-based fds in the cming year.
40．Beynd Meat’s veggie burger made headlines prbably because ________.
A．it makes perfect use f animal prtein
B．it uses high tech in the making prcess
C．it tastes as gd as a genuine beef burger
D．it represents the diet trend in Suth Califrnia
41．Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE regarding the state f Beynd Meat?
A．It is the creatr f the cuntry’s first 100 percent plant-based burgers.
B．It has been well received as its prducts are available natinwide.
C．It is far frm being a match t real fd prcessing giants like Tysn.
D．It prvides high-quality dining experience in selected Whle Fds stres.
42．What can we infer frm paragraph 4?
A．The purchase f the stake barely csts a thing fr Tysn.
B．The 5 percent stake in Beynd Meat means a lt t Tysn.
C．Tysn’s investment hasn’t caught the attentin f the media as expected.
D．Tysn is relying n this investment t raise mre prject capital funding.
43．What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A．Meat will still take ver the market in spite f ther alternatives.
B．A majr American meat cmpany is betting n plant-based prtein.
C．Tysn and Beynd Meat wrk tgether t build a glbal meat giant.
D．Plants have been fund t cntain prtein that des mre gd t human beings.
【答案】40．C 41．C 42．A 43．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述美国最大的肉类加工商Tysn Fds加盟了一家叫做Beynd Meat的初创公司，Beynd Meat旨在用植物蛋白完美替代动物蛋白为大家生产无肉产品，以及这家公司产品目前的经营情况。
40．细节理解题。根据第二段“Tysn Fds annunced this week that it purchased a 5 percent stake in Beynd Meat, the Suthern Califrnia-based fd-tech start-up that made headlines earlier this year with its veggie burger that reprtedly cks and tastes like real beef.(泰森食品公司本周宣布，它收购了Beynd Meat公司5%的股份。Beynd Meat是一家总部位于南加州的食品科技初创公司，今年早些时候，这家公司因其素食汉堡而登上头条，据报道，这款汉堡的烹饪和味道都像真正的牛肉)”可知，Beynd Meat的素食汉堡成为头条是因为这款汉堡的味道和真正的牛肉汉堡一样。故选C。
41．细节理解题。根据第四段“prir t the deal with Tysn, Beynd Meat had reprtedly raised $64 millin in prject capital funding — abut what Tysn earns befre lunch n any given day.(据报道，在与泰森食品达成交易之前，Beynd Meat已经筹集了6400万美元的项目资本资金——这相当于泰森食品在任何一天午餐前的收入)”可知，Beynd Meat筹集的项目资金6400万美元仅仅是泰森食品一天午餐前的收入，由此可知Beynd Meat的规模远远不及Tysn Fds，即Beynd Meat不能与Beynd Fds相提并论。故选C。
42．推理判断题。根据第四段“it’s dubtful that Tysn’s 5 percent stake made much f dent in the meat giant’s cffers(但令人怀疑的是，泰森食品持有的5%股份是否为这家肉类巨头财务带来很大的财务空缺)”和“prir t the deal with Tysn, Beynd Meat had reprtedly raised $64 millin in prject capital funding — abut what Tysn earns befre lunch n any given day.(据报道，在与泰森食品达成交易之前，Beynd Meat已经筹集了6400万美元的项目资本资金——这相当于泰森食品在任何一天午餐前的收入)”可知，Beynd Meat筹集的项目资金6400万美元仅仅是泰森食品一天午餐前的收入，可得出泰森食品持有的5%股份不会造成很大的财务亏空，即对于泰森食品公司来说，收购Beynd Meat并未花费很多钱。故选A。
43．主旨大意题。根据第一段“What des it say abut the future f meat when the cuntry’s largest prcessr f chicken, prk, and beef buys a stake (股份) in a start-up that aims t “perfectly replace animal prtein with plant prtein”?(当中国最大的鸡肉、猪肉和牛肉加工商入股一家旨在“用植物蛋白完美替代动物蛋白”的初创企业时，这说明了肉类的未来是什么)”可知，最大的肉类加工公司Tysn Fds入股生产无肉产品的初创企业Beynd Meat意味着Tysn要重点投资植物蛋白这种无肉产品。故选B。
Passage 2
If yu want t achieve mre f yur gals in life, ne f the mst imprtant things yu can d is t take care f yur health. Cmmitting t a healthy and balanced diet can be a gamechanger when it cmes t prductivity and success.
As a saying ges, “An apple a day keeps a dctr away.” But did yu knw that an apple a day des nt nly keep the dctr away but can even pssibly imprve yur prductivity? Actually, peple wh eat mre fruits and vegetables can be happier, mre creative and, yes, even mre prductive. Fruits and vegetables seem t help elevate a persn’s level f curisity and general wellbeing. Actually, nt nly des a healthy diet imprve a persn’s wellbeing, it als seems t prevent ptentially harmful cnditins.
T start with, a healthy diet prvides yur bdy with the nutrients yu need t functin prperly. The fds yu eat are changed int glucse (葡萄糖), which then transfrms it int the energy that pwers yur bdy and brain. When yur bdy is running lw n glucse, yu will prbably experience sme truble when trying t fcus and cncentrate.
On tp f that, a healthy diet is linked t healthier mental health. When yu eat a balanced diet, yu are essentially giving yur bdy the fuel it needs t wrk efficiently and effectively. A healthier versin f yu, physically and mentally, allws yu t fcus n yur gals and n what yu really want t be ding.
All in all, if yu want t be mre prductive and reach yur persnal gals, wrk gals and any ther dreams yu have, please put yur health at the tp f yur pririty list. By eating a balanced and healthy diet, yu can give yur bdy the nutrients it needs t functin at its best.
44．What des Paragraph 1 tell us?
A．Eating right can imprve verall wellbeing.
B．Everyne shuld have their persnal gals.
C．Success lies in lking after ne’s wn health.
D．Prductivity and success cme frm change.
45．What des the underlined wrd “elevate” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Decline.B．Limit.C．Satisfy.D．Imprve.
46．What may cause yu t fail t cncentrate?
A．T many nutrients in the diet.B．Any trublesme experiences.
C．Lack f glucse in yur bdy.D．Lack f pwer in yur brain.
47．What is the authr’s suggestin?
A．Putting yur wn health n the list.B．Eating a balanced and healthy diet.
C．Achieving yur persnal dreams.D．Giving yur mind enugh nutrients.
【答案】44．C 45．D 46．C 47．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了保持健康对于实现人生目标的重要性。
44．主旨大意题。根据第一段“If yu want t achieve mre f yur gals in life, ne f the mst imprtant things yu can d is t take care f yur health. Cmmitting t a healthy and balanced diet can be a gamechanger when it cmes t prductivity and success. (如果你想实现更多的人生目标，你能做的最重要的事情之一就是照顾好你的健康。当谈到工作效率和成功时，坚持健康均衡的饮食可以改变游戏规则。)”可知，第一段主要介绍了成功在于照顾自己的健康。故选C项。
45．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Fruits and vegetables seem t help elevate a persn’s level f curisity and general wellbeing. Actually, nt nly des a healthy diet imprve a persn’s wellbeing, it als seems t prevent ptentially harmful cnditins. (水果和蔬菜似乎有助于elevate一个人的好奇心和总体幸福感。实际上，健康的饮食不仅能改善一个人的健康，似乎还能预防潜在的有害疾病。)”可知，elevate与下文中的imprve意思相近，故选D项。
46．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“When yur bdy is running lw n glucse, yu will prbably experience sme truble when trying t fcus and cncentrate. (当你的身体葡萄糖不足时，你可能会在集中注意力时遇到一些麻烦。)”可知，体内缺乏葡萄糖会导致无法集中注意力。故选C项。
47．细节理解题。根据最后一段“All in all, if yu want t be mre prductive and reach yur persnal gals, wrk gals and any ther dreams yu have, please put yur health at the tp f yur pririty list. By eating a balanced and healthy diet, yu can give yur bdy the nutrients it needs t functin at its best. (总而言之，如果你想提高工作效率，实现你的个人目标、工作目标和任何其他梦想，请把你的健康放在首要位置。通过均衡健康的饮食，你可以给你的身体所需的营养，使其处于最佳状态。)”可知，作者建议吃均衡的健康的饮食。故选B项。
Passage 3
Expsure t extreme heat increases malnutritin (营养不良) amng babies and yung children in lw-incme cuntries, threatening t change decades f prgress, Crnell research finds.
Linking survey and weather data ver mre than 20 years, a study f mre than 32,000 West African children aged 3 t 36 mnths fund that average heat expsure had increased the ccurrence f slw grwth frm malnutritin by 12%, and f lw weight by 29%.
The researchers estimate that if the average glbal temperature rises 2 degrees, which scientists warn is likely withut significant reductins in carbn emissins (碳排放), the average bad effect f heat expsure n grwth wuld nearly duble, erasing gains recrded during the study perid (1993 t 2014).
The findings are wrrying, the researchers said, because temperatures in West Africa are rising and expected t cntinue t d s fr several decades. And the effects f malnutritin in early childhd, which are linked t higher death rates and t lwer educatin and incmes in adulthd, are irreversible.
“We’re talking abut children at a very yung age that will have changes fr the rest f their lives, s this is permanently affecting their ptential,” said Ariel Ortiz-Bbea, assciate prfessr in the Crnell Jeb E. Brks Schl f Public Plicy. “What we are ding t reduce glbal pverty is being gradually destryed by ur lack f actin n climate.”
Mre research is needed t discver the drivers f thse effects exactly, which are mst evident between 6 and 15 mnths, but they are likely nt physilgical (生理的) respnses t direct heat, the researchers predicted. Rather, they suggest, a cmbinatin f factrs may be at wrk as children transitin away frm breastfeeding (母乳喂养), including a higher risk f cntracting pathgens (病原体) frm fd and water, and lwer cnsumptin f prtein frm animal surces, pssibly due t extreme heat hurting agricultural prductivity.
48．What is the final result f the malnutritin caused by extreme heat?
A．Slw grwth f babies.
B．Lw weight f children.
C．Scial decline.
D．Less agricultural prductivity.
49．What des the underlined wrd “irreversible” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Impssible t change.B．Happening quickly.
C．Nt special in any way.D．Difficult t believe.
50．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．A research f 6 t 15 mnths is the mst effective.
B．Malnutritin is a direct physilgical respnse t extreme heat.
C．The reasns fr the malnutritin caused by extreme heat are clear.
D．Many aspects may accunt fr the malnutritin caused by extreme heat.
51．In which sectin f a magazine can we find the text?
A．Health.B．Sciety.C．Educatin.D．Technlgy.
【答案】48．C 49．A 50．D 51．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极端高温可能造成低收入国家和地区的孩子营养不良，进而影响社会的发展进步。
48．推理判断题。根据第一段“Expsure t extreme heat increases malnutritin (营养不良) amng babies and yung children in lw-incme cuntries, threatening t change decades f prgress, Crnell research finds.(康奈尔大学的研究发现，极端高温会增加低收入国家婴儿和幼儿的营养不良，有可能改变几十年来取得的进步)”推知，极端高温造成的营养不良最终会造成社会倒退。故选C项。
49．词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“We’re talking abut children at a very yung age that will have changes fr the rest f their lives, s this is permanently affecting their ptential(我们谈论的是很小的孩子，他们的余生都会发生变化，所以这会永久影响他们的潜能)”可知幼年时期的营养不良对个体造成的影响是一辈子的，因此这些影响是无法改变的。由此可知，划线词irreversible意为“无法改变的”。故选A项。
50．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Rather, they suggest, a cmbinatin f factrs may be at wrk as children transitin away frm breastfeeding(母乳喂养), including a higher risk f cntracting pathgens(病原体)frm fd and water, and lwer cnsumptin f prtein frm animal surces, pssibly due t extreme heat hurting agricultural prductivity.(相反，他们认为，在儿童从母乳喂养过渡的过程中，可能有多种因素在起作用，包括从食物和水中感染病原体的风险更高，以及来自动物来源的蛋白质摄入减少，这可能是由于极端高温损害了农业生产力)”可知，极端高温造成的营养不良可能有多方面原因，故选D项。
51．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Expsure t extreme heat increases malnutritin (营养不良) amng babies and yung children in lw-incme cuntries, threatening t change decades f prgress, Crnell research finds.( 康奈尔大学的研究发现，暴露在极端高温下会增加低收入国家婴儿和幼儿的营养不良，这可能会改变几十年来的进步)”、第四段“The findings are wrrying, the researchers said, because temperatures in West Africa are rising and expected t cntinue t d s fr several decades. And the effects f malnutritin in early childhd, which are linked t higher death rates and t lwer educatin and incmes in adulthd, are irreversible.( 研究人员表示，这些发现令人担忧，因为西非的气温正在上升，预计还会持续几十年。儿童早期营养不良的影响是不可逆转的，它与更高的死亡率以及成年后较低的教育和收入有关)”以及最后一段“Mre research is needed t discver the drivers f thse effects exactly, which are mst evident between 6 and 15 mnths, but they are likely nt physilgical (生理的) respnses t direct heat, the researchers predicted(研究人员预测，还需要更多的研究来准确发现这些影响的驱动因素，这些影响在6到15个月之间最为明显，但它们可能不是对直接热量的生理反应)”可知，这是一篇说明文，文章探讨的是极端高温对于社会发展的影响。由此推知，在杂志的“社会”部分可以找到类似内容，故选B项。
Passage 4
Eating a healthy diet is nt abut strict limitatins, staying abnrmally thin, r rid yurself f the fds yu lve. Rather, it’s abut feeling great, having mre energy, imprving yur health, and raising yur md. S healthy eating desn’t mean yu have t ck tugh fd.
If yu feel cnfused by all the cnflicting nutritin and diet advice ut there, yu’re nt alne. It seems that fr every expert wh tells yu a certain fd is gd fr yu, yu’ll find anther saying exactly the ppsite. S think mre when facing that. The truth is that while sme specific fds r nutrients have been shwn t have a beneficial effect n md, it’s yur verall eating pattern that is mst imprtant. The crnerstne f a healthy diet shuld be t replace prcessed fd with real fd whenever pssible. Eating fd that is as clse as pssible t the way nature made it can make a huge difference t the way yu think, lk, and feel.
While sme extreme diets may suggest therwise, we all need a balance f prtein, fat, fiber, vitamins, and minerals in ur diets t remain a healthy bdy. Yu dn’t need t eliminate certain fd frm yur diet, but rather select the healthiest ptins frm each categry. Besides, yu shuld change yur dieting habit.
Switching t a healthy diet desn’t have t be an all r nthing prpsitin. Yu dn’t have t be perfect and yu dn’t have t change everything all at nce. A better apprach is t make a few small changes at a time, Think f planning a healthy diet as a number f small, manageable steps-like adding a salad t yur diet nce a day. As yur small changes becme habits, yu can cntinue t add mre healthy chices.
52．Which f the fllwing is a real healthy diet?
A．One that helps yu stay thin.B．One full f mst nutritin.
C．One with strict cking rules.D．One that makes yu energetic.
53．What shuld yu d when facing the masters’ advice n health?
A．Be careful abut it.B．Try it with yur family.
C．Fllw it cmpletely.D．See if it satisfies yu.
54．What des the underlined wrd “eliminate” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Pick.B．Benefit.C．Remve.D．Imprve.
55．What may help yu becme a healthy eater?
A．Trying t seek fr perfectin.B．Learning frm an expert at cking.
C．Changing yur eating habit gradually.D．Cking with nly vegetables and fruit.
【答案】52．D 53．A 54．C 55．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是健康的饮食以及如何培养健康的饮食习惯。
52．细节理解题。根据第一段“Eating a healthy diet is nt abut strict limitatins, staying abnrmally thin, r rid yurself f the fds yu lve. Rather, it’s abut feeling great, having mre energy, imprving yur health, and raising yur md.(健康的饮食并不是严格的限制，保持异常的苗条，或者摆脱你喜欢的食物。相反，它是关于感觉良好，有更多的精力，改善你的健康，提高你的情绪)”可知，“让你精力充沛饮食”是真正的健康饮食。故选D。
53．细节理解题。根据第二段“It seems that fr every expert wh tells yu a certain fd is gd fr yu, yu’ll find anther saying exactly the ppsite. S think mre when facing that.(似乎每有专家告诉你某种食物对你有益，你就会发现另一种完全相反的说法。所以面对这个问题时要多想想)”可知，面对养生大师的建议，你应该小心谨慎。故选A。
54．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“While sme extreme diets may suggest therwise, we all need a balance f prtein, fat, fiber, vitamins, and minerals in ur diets t remain a healthy bdy.(虽然一些极端的饮食可能会有不同的建议，但我们都需要在饮食中平衡蛋白质、脂肪、纤维、维生素和矿物质，以保持健康的身体)”以及后文“certain fd frm yur diet, but rather select the healthiest ptins frm each categry”可知，虽然一些极端的饮食可能会有不同的建议，但我们都需要在饮食中平衡蛋白质、脂肪、纤维、维生素和矿物质，以保持健康的身体，所以你不需要从你的饮食中去除某些食物，而是从每个类别中选择最健康的选项。故画线词意思是“去除”。故选C。
55．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Switching t a healthy diet desn’t have t be an all r nthing prpsitin. Yu dn’t have t be perfect and yu dn’t have t change everything all at nce. A better apprach is t make a few small changes at a time, Think f planning a healthy diet as a number f small, manageable steps-like adding a salad t yur diet nce a day. As yur small changes becme habits, yu can cntinue t add mre healthy chices.(转向健康饮食并不一定是一个全有或全无的命题。你不需要变得完美，也不需要一下子改变一切。一个更好的方法是一次做一些小的改变，把健康的饮食计划想象成一些小的、可管理的步骤——比如每天在你的饮食中添加一次沙拉。当你的小改变变成习惯时，你可以继续增加更多健康的选择)”可知，逐渐改变饮食习惯可以帮助你成为一个健康的饮食者。故选C。
Passage 5
Nearly 40 percent f Americans ver the age f 65 take five r mre different drugs, and dctrs ften simply have t mnitr patients t see if any f thse drugs cmbine t createnegative side effects. When a dctr prescribes(给……开药)a patient mre than ne drug atthe same time, they currently have n way t predict whether that cmbinatin f these drugswill have a negative side effect. A new system frm a team f cmputer scientists at Stanfrd University presents a nvel slutin—an AI-driven cmputer system that can predict thecnsequences f cmbining tw drugs.
Drug cmbinatins are a remarkably unstudied area, but as Marinka Zitnik explains, “It’spractically impssible t test a new drug in cmbinatin with all ther drugs, because just frne drug that wuld be five thusand new experiments.” Besides, t maintain accuracy alsneeds strict research prcedures.
S Zitnik and her Stanfrd clleagues set ut t find a slutin t the prblem. They created a massive deep learning system trained n data encmpassing(包含)ver l9,00 prteins and hw different drugs interact with thse prteins. The system is called Decagn, and it can effectively predict the cnsequences f cmbining any tw different drugs.
T test ut Decagn’s predictive abilities the team examined 10 f the systems predicted drug pair interactins that didn’t have clearly knwn unfavurable interactins. The researchers fund new supprting case study evidence backing up 8 f thse 10 predictins. Fr example, ne predictin frm Decagn suggested muscle inflammatin(炎症) wuld be caused by cmbining a certain chlesterl(胆固醇) drug with a bld pressure medicatin. This negative side effect f cmbining thse tw drugs was nly recently cnfirmed by a casestudy published in 2017.
The next stage in the prject is t try t turn Decagn int a mre user-friendly tl thatdctrs can easily navigate(导航) fr infrmatin when prescribing cmbinatins f drugs, benefiting mre peple. At this stage, the system nly evaluates(评估) drug pairs but there searchers hpe t expand that int mre cmplex cmbinatins f drugs in the future.
56．What prblem faces dctrs when prescribing several drugs tgether?
A．They can’t prevent side effects f drugs.
B．They dn’t knw the bad influences f the cmbinatin.
C．They have t mnitr whether patients will take drugs.
D．They must predict the effects f drugs with an Al system.
57．Why is the area f drug cmbinatins almst unstudied?
A．They require numerus experiments.
B．They are nt that imprtant t peple.
C．It’s rather expensive t d the research.
D．It’s impssible t keep results accurate.
58．What can we knw abut Decagn?
A．It can predict influences f cmbining three drugs.
B．It wuldn’t cntribute t peple’s deep learning.
C．It can tell the results f cmbining tw drugs.
D．It analyses hw prteins interact with each ther.
59．Which aspect will researchers wrk n in the future?
A．Making the system availa ble t mre peple.
B．Imprving sme critical functins f the system.
C．Enhancing peple’s recgnitin n its accuracy.
D．Adpting a mre friendly attitude tward patients.
【答案】56．B 57．A 58．C 59．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个医疗方面的系统Decagn，该系统可以帮助医生评估同时开出两种药有可能对病人产生的副作用，从而帮助医生开出正确的处方。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“they currently have n way t predict whether that cmbinatin f these drugs will have a negative side effect(他们目前还没有办法预测这些药物的组合是否会产生负面的副作用。)”可知，医生开多种药物的处方时会遇到的问题是，他们不知道这种组合会产生什么样的负面影响。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s practically impssible t test a new drug in cmbinatin with all ther drugs，because just fr ne drug that wuld be five thusand new experiments.(几乎不可能将一种新药与所有其他药物结合起来进行测试，因为仅仅一种药物就需要进行5000次新的实验)”可知，要想知道一种药物与其他一种药物的反应，需要5000次的实验，那如果要想知道这种药物和其他所有药物的反应，可想而知要经过大量的实验，所以说药物组合的领域几乎没有被研究过是因为它们需要大量的实验。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句话“The system is called Decagn, and it can effectively predict the cnsequences f cmbining any tw different drugs.(这个系统被称为Decagn，它可以有效地预测任何两种不同药物结合的后果。)”可知，Decagn这个系统可以预测两种药物结合的后果。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“The next stage in the prject is t try t turn Decagn int a mre user-friendly tl thatdctrs can easily navigate(导航) fr infrmatin when prescribing cmbinatins f drugs, benefiting mre peple.At this stage, the system nly evaluates(评估) drug pairs but there searchers hpe t expand that int mre cmplex cmbinatins f drugs in the future.(该项目的下一步是试图将Decagn变成一个更加用户友好的工具，医生可以方便地在处方药物组合时导航获取信息，从而使更多的人受益。在这个阶段，该系统只评估药物对，但研究人员希望在未来将其扩展到更复杂的药物组合中。)”可知，下一个阶段，这个项目是想把这个系统变得对使用者更为友好，更方便于定位到要找的信息，研究人员希望未来可以将这个系统延伸到更多复杂药物的混合中去。比较四个选项，只有B选项“Imprving sme critical functins f the system(改进系统的一些关键功能。)”可以概括以上这些要点。故选B。
Passage 6
While rice and wheat are the tw mst cmmnly cnsumed cereal grains wrldwide, a study cvering mre than 100,000 peple in Nrthwest China has revealed that chsing rice as a main fd may result in a lwer risk f besity.
Researchers frm Xi’an Jiatng University cllected data frm participants aged 35 t 74 wh are residents f five nrthwestern prvincial-level regins. They divided the participants int three grups. The first grup eats rice as their main fd, cnsuming it either daily r fur t six times per week, while cnsuming wheat less than fur t six times per week. The secnd grup’s main fd is wheat, and the third grup cnsumes bth rice and wheat as their main fd, with similar frequency.
Then the researchers cmpared results and fund ut that rice preference might be assciated with a lwer risk f certain besity types in the ppulatin f Nrthwest China. Higher wheat intake was assciated with higher risks f excessive bdy fat and central besity (stmach fat) in men and central besity in wmen, accrding t the study findings published in the jurnal Nutrients.
Accrding t the researchers, previus animal studies shws that wheat gluten (谷蛋白) prmted weight gain by reducing heat prductin and energy cnsumptin, while rice prtein shws the ptential fr anti-besity and triglyceride-lwering (抗肥胖和降低甘油三酯) effects. Meanwhile, rice-based dietary patterns ften have mre fresh vegetables, meat and fish servings. Peple with wheat preference in Nrthwest China tend t eat large bwls f ndles with fewer vegetables r less meat, and smetimes even with a large amunt f il.
Hwever, researchers nted that given the vast territry and diverse ethnic grups present in Nrthwest China, further studies might be necessary t fully understand the reginal specificity and ptential hidden reasns fr the bserved links.
60．What d yu knw abut the study in Nrthwest China?
A．Peple can eat rice t lse weight.B．Eating rice will help yu live lnger.
C．Rice is the perfect chice fr peple wh are fat.D．Eating rice may reduce peple’s risk f being fat.
61．Hw did the researchers figure ut the findings f the study?
A．By ffering examples.B．By referring t sme data.
C．By making a cmparisn.D．By quting an expert’s pinin.
62．What des the previus animal study shw?
A．Wheat gluten reduced weight gain by reducing heat and energy.
B．Rice prtein has the ptential t fight besity and lwer triglyceride.
C．Peple ften eat ndles with mre fresh vegetables, meat and fish servings.
D．Peple wh prefer wheat in Nrthwest China tend t cat small bwls f ndles.
63．What will the researchers prbably d next?
A．They will carry ut further studies.
B．They will change their research methds.
C．They will prmte rice as the main fd.
D．They will figure ut the number f ethnic grups in China.
【答案】60．D 61．C 62．B 63．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明，选择大米作为主要食物可能会降低肥胖的风险。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现和意义。
60．细节理解题。根据第一段“While rice and wheat are the tw mst cmmnly cnsumed cereal grains wrldwide, a study cvering mre than 100,000 peple in Nrthwest China has revealed that chsing rice as a main fd may result in a lwer risk f besity.(虽然大米和小麦是世界上最常见的两种谷物，但一项覆盖中国西北地区10万多人的研究表明，选择大米作为主要食物可能会降低肥胖的风险)”可知，吃米饭可以降低人们变胖的风险。故选D。
61．细节理解题。根据第三段“Then the researchers cmpared results and fund ut that rice preference might be assciated with a lwer risk f certain besity types in the ppulatin f Nrthwest China.(然后，研究人员比较了结果，发现对大米的偏好可能与中国西北地区某些肥胖类型的风险较低有关)”可知，研究人员通过比较来弄清楚这项研究的结果的。故选C。
62．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Accrding t the researchers, previus animal studies shws that wheat gluten (谷蛋白) prmted weight gain by reducing heat prductin and energy cnsumptin, while rice prtein shws the ptential fr anti-besity and triglyceride-lwering (抗肥胖和降低甘油三酯) effects.(根据研究人员的说法，先前的动物研究表明，小麦麸质通过减少热量产生和能量消耗来促进体重增加，而大米蛋白则显示出抗肥胖和降低甘油三酯的潜在作用)”可知，之前的动物研究表明了大米蛋白有对抗肥胖和降低甘油三酯的潜力。故选B。
63．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hwever, researchers nted that given the vast territry and diverse ethnic grups present in Nrthwest China, further studies might be necessary t fully understand the reginal specificity and ptential hidden reasns fr the bserved links.(然而，研究人员指出，考虑到中国西北地区广阔的领土和多样化的民族群体，可能有必要进一步研究，以充分了解区域特异性和潜在的隐藏原因，以观察到的联系)”可推知，研究人员接下来可能会进行进一步的研究。故选A。
Passage 7
Sme peple are allergic (过敏的) t tree nuts. Wuld it be safe fr a nut-allergic persn t eat baked gds with ccnut r ccnut il? Here are the views f Dr. Sctt Sicherer.
Despite its name, ccnut is nt actually a nut, but a fruit. Regardless, the Fd and Drug Administratin cnsiders it a tree nut, which is why it’s included in U.S. labeling laws.
It is difficult t assess the risk f ccnut allergy amng thse with tree-nut allergies because allergic individuals may avid it n purpse. Still, ccnut allergy appears rare, and uncmmn even amng thse with tree-nut allergies.
In a natinal registry f 5,149 peple with peanut r tree-nut allergies, nly fur self-reprted an allergy t ccnut. And a mre recent study f 40 children with psitive tests r knwn allergy t peanuts r tree nuts shwed n increased risks fr having psitive tests r allergy t ccnut.
Yur allergist wuld cnsider yur persnal allergy histry in deciding whether t add ccnut t yur diet r t perfrm any testing. Hwever, be aware that tests are ften psitive t ccnut in peple wh culd actually tlerate it, s a physician-supervised feeding test may be necessary fr a cnclusive answer.
When it cmes t ccnut il, there is almst n medical literature n allergic reactins t it, which may reflect the likelihd that the prcessed frms f ccnut il cntain little r n prtein, althugh this has nt been studied. Still, fr thse with ccnut allergy, avidance f ccnut il shuld be cnsidered because it may still have a little prtein.
Finally, it’s imprtant t nte that peple with peanut r tree-nut allergies wh chse t eat ccnut must be careful t avid crss-cntact with tree nuts r peanut being avided.
64．What d yu knw abut ccnut frm this passage?
A．It is really a nut.B．Mst peple are allergic t it.
C．It is actually a fruit.D．It is frbidden by American laws.
65．Why is it difficult t assess the risk f ccnut allergy amng thse with tree-nut allergies?
A．They are cautius abut it and avid it.B．They eat ccnut as a kind f fruit.
C．Ccnuts are becming rarer and rarer.D．Ccnut allergy is t cmmn.
66．What is the prbable meaning f the underlined part “medical literature” in paragraph 6?
A．Stries abut medicine.B．Dcuments n medicine.
C．Nvels fr physicians.D．Descriptin f ccnut il.
67．Which may be a suggestin Dr. Sctt Sicherer gives t nut-allergic individuals?
A．Having a feeding test regularly.B．Trying t tlerate mild allergies.
C．Aviding eating any ccnuts.D．Fllwing allergists’ instructins.
【答案】64．C 65．A 66．B 67．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。有些人对木本坚果过敏, 但对于可可产品以及可可油是否过敏呢? 本文用数据说明了这些人如何安全使用可可产品以及可可油。
64．细节理解题。根据第二段“Despite its name, ccnut is nt actually a nut, but a fruit.（尽管名字叫椰子，但它实际上并不是坚果，而是一种水果。）”可知, 可可是一种水果。故选C。
65．推理判断题。根据第三段中“It is difficult t assess the risk f ccnut allergy amng thse with tree-nut allergies because allergic individuals may avid it n purpse.（对于那些对树坚果过敏的人来说，很难评估椰子过敏的风险，因为过敏的人可能会故意避免椰子过敏。）”可知，因为人们对可可比较警惕和小心，不去吃它，所以，很难估计它对过敏人群的风险程度。故选A。
66．词义猜测题。根据划线后面的“althugh this has nt been studied.（虽然这还没有被研究过。）”可推测，这句话所叙述的是以前对这个问题的研究成果。故选B。
67．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Yur allergist wuld cnsider yur persnal allergy histry in deciding whether t add ccnut t yur diet r t perfrm any testing.（在决定是否在饮食中添加椰子或进行任何测试时，过敏科医生会考虑你的个人过敏史。）”可知, 你的过敏症医师会考虑你的过敏史来决定你是否可以吃可可或是对你进行检测。故选D。
Passage 8
Think energetic exercise is just fr the yung? Think again. Cntrary t the cmmn belief, a new study finds senirs shuld stay physically active. The study reveals that physical activity shifts energy away frm bilgical prcesses that cause disease and mves it twards systems thrughut the bdy which extend (延长) life.
Researchers used apes (类人猿) — the distant cusins f humans —in their research. They therize that humans separated themselves frm apes during evlutin (进化) by develping the ability t make themselves fitter thrugh physical exercise.
Typically, apes live nly 35 t 40 years. Hwever, apes are als much less active than mst humans. This suggests that humans reached a pint in their evlutin where peple develped a way t stay alive lnger thrugh mre activity. The behavir f apes stands in sharp cntrast t that f ancient hunter-gatherers, wh the team says averaged arund 135 minutes f mderate-t-energetic physical activity a day. Study authrs believe this level f activity, up t 10 times mre than the average American, is the reasn hunter-gatherers lived t arund 70 years ld.
The team finds humans als use energy frm physical activity t repair and maintain the bdy. Alng with burning calries, exercise actually causes widespread damage t the bdy by causing damage n a cellular(细胞的), mlecular (分子的), and tissue level. Hwever, this damage is essential s the bdy can build itself back even strnger. Thrugh exercise, the bdy starts repairing muscle fibers, brken bnes, and ther minr injuries. When peple are less active, these prcesses are als less active, putting peple at higher risk f disease.
We humans evlved t be active thrughut ur lives and ur bdies need physical activity t age well. In the past, daily physical activity was necessary in rder t survive, but tday we chse t d vluntary physical activity fr health and fitness. The gd news is that yu dn’t need t be as active as a hunter-gatherer t reduce the effects f aging.
68．What des the new study find ut in the first paragraph?
A．Senirs shuld keep exercising.B．Sprts make peple lk yung.
C．Energetic exercise helps live lnger.D．Only yung peple benefit frm exercise.
69．What des the data in the text intend t tell us?
A．The histry f human evlutin.B．The living habits f apes and hunters.
C．The link between exercise and lnger life.D．The amunt f exercise f ancient humans.
70．What is the furth paragraph mainly abut?
A．Hw the human bdy repairs itself.B．Hw exercise benefits the human bdy.
C．Why physical activity prduces energy.D．Why sprts d harm t the human bdy.
71．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T present a scientific study.B．T persuade peple t exercise mre.
C．T recmmend sme health knwledge.D．T draw attentin t the health f the elderly.
【答案】68．A 69．C 70．B 71．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新的研究发现，老年人应该多运动。介绍了研究开展的过程以及运动与长寿之间的联系和运动如何对人体有益。
68．细节理解题。根据第一段“Cntrary t the cmmn belief, a new study finds senirs shuld stay physically active.(与普遍看法相反，一项新的研究发现，老年人应该多运动)”可知，这项新研究发现老年人应该坚持锻炼。故选A。
69．推理判断题。根据第三段“Typically, apes live nly 35 t 40 years. Hwever, apes are als much less active than mst humans. This suggests that humans reached a pint in their evlutin where peple develped a way t stay alive lnger thrugh mre activity. The behavir f apes stands in sharp cntrast t that f ancient hunter-gatherers, wh the team says averaged arund 135 minutes f mderate-t-energetic physical activity a day. Study authrs believe this level f activity, up t 10 times mre than the average American, is the reasn hunter-gatherers lived t arund 70 years ld.(一般来说，猿类只能活35到40年。然而，类人猿的活动也比大多数人类少得多。这表明人类在进化中达到了一个阶段，人们找到了一种通过更多活动来延长寿命的方法。类人猿的行为与古代狩猎采集者的行为形成了鲜明的对比，研究小组表示，古代狩猎采集者平均每天进行大约135分钟的中等至高强度的体育活动。研究作者认为，这种活动水平是美国人平均水平的10倍，这是狩猎采集者能活到70岁左右的原因)”可推知，文中的数据想告诉我们运动与长寿之间的联系。故选C。
70．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The team finds humans als use energy frm physical activity t repair and maintain the bdy. Alng with burning calries, exercise actually causes widespread damage t the bdy by causing damage n a cellular (细胞的), mlecular (分子的), and tissue level. Hwever, this damage is essential s the bdy can build itself back even strnger. Thrugh exercise, the bdy starts repairing muscle fibers, brken bnes, and ther minr injuries. When peple are less active, these prcesses are als less active, putting peple at higher risk f disease.(研究小组发现，人类还利用身体活动产生的能量来修复和维持身体。除了燃烧卡路里，运动实际上还会在细胞、分子和组织层面上对身体造成广泛的损害。然而，这种损伤是必要的，这样身体才能恢复得更强壮。通过锻炼，身体开始修复肌肉纤维、骨折和其他小损伤。当人们不那么活跃时，这些过程也不那么活跃，使人们患病的风险更高)”可知，第四段主要讲运动如何对人体有益。故选B。
71．推理判断题。根据第一段“Cntrary t the cmmn belief, a new study finds senirs shuld stay physically active. The study reveals that physical activity shifts energy away frm bilgical prcesses that cause disease and mves it twards systems thrughut the bdy which extend (延长) life.(与普遍看法相反，一项新的研究发现，老年人应该多运动。这项研究表明，体育活动将能量从导致疾病的生物过程中转移到整个身体系统中，从而延长寿命)”结合文章主要说明了一项新的研究发现，老年人应该多运动。介绍了研究开展的过程以及运动与长寿之间的联系和运动如何对人体有益。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是展示一项科学研究。故选A。
Passage 9
Mst peple find sugar hard t resist. Our brains need lts f energy and sugary fds prvide plenty f it. But when calries are t readily available, it is easy t verd it. There has been n shrtage f research n sugar replacements withut the calries, but evidence frm animal and human studies has linked sme t weight gain. One prmising alternative is fund in the fruit f Synsepalum dulcificum (奇迹果), a plant native t West Africa. These s-called miracle berries dn’t taste sugary themselves, but if yu try smething sur afterwards it will taste unusually sweet.
In Benin, the fruit is eaten fresh and is mstly used as a sweetener t have with sur fds and drinks, says Dedeu frm a university in Benin. The berry with miraculin(奇迹果蛋白)is very appreciated by lcal cnsumers, especially the kids and peple with diabetes (糖尿病).
Despite the miracle berry’s prmise as a sugar replacement, it is nly prduced n a limited scale and isn’t available wrldwide. The berries dn’t travel well and the plant is slw t grw.
T create an alternative surce f miraculin, researchers at the University f Tsukuba in Japan have genetically engineered tmates t prduce the prtein, but this isn’t necessary, says Tchkpnhue whse team is wrking t help enlarge the prductin f miracle berries in West Africa. Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genme(基因图谱)f Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help.
Spanish start-up Baia Fd has plans t prmte sustainable grwth f the plant in Ghana and market the dried berries. Yu can rder tablets f freeze-dried miracle berries nline but they are pricey, csting arund £18 fr a pack f 10. If yu can affrd it, the berry’s taste-twisting pwer is fun t try at hme. Let the tablet melt n yur tngue, then try tasting acidic fds such as lemns. The effect shuld last between 15 and 60 minutes.
72．What d we knw abut Synsepalum dulcificum?
A．It cntains high calries.
B．It is related t weight gain.
C．It tastes unusually sweet.
D．It serves as a sugar replacement
73．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Effrts made t btain mre miraculin.
B．Genme published t help d the research
C．Creatin advcated t prduce miracle berries.
D．Transfrmatins perfrmed t engineer tmates
74．What can we say abut tablets f freeze-dried miracle berries?
A．They are sur.B．They are inexpensive
C．They are accessibleD．They are prductive.
75．What is the authr’s attitude t getting the sugar alternative?
A．Dubtful.B．Optimistic.C．Defensive.D．Cnservative.
【答案】72．D 73．A 74．C 75．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，原产于西非的奇迹果有望成为糖的替代品。本文还介绍了一些国家为创造奇迹果蛋白的替代来源而做出的努力。
72．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“These s-called miracle berries dn’t taste sugary themselves, but if yu try smething sur afterwards it will taste unusually sweet. (这些所谓的奇迹浆果本身尝起来并不含糖，但如果你事后尝试一些酸的东西，它的味道会异常甜。)”以及第三段“Despite the miracle berry’s prmise as a sugar replacement, it is nly prduced n a limited scale and isn’t available wrldwide. (尽管奇迹果有望成为糖的替代品，但它的生产规模有限，而且不在全球范围内销售。)”可知，奇迹果可以替代糖。故选D。
73．主旨大意题。根据第四段“T create an alternative surce f miraculin, researchers at the University f Tsukuba in Japan have genetically engineered tmates t prduce the prtein, but this isn’t necessary…Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genme(基因图谱)f Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help. (为了创造奇迹果蛋白的替代来源，日本Tsukuba大学的研究人员对西红柿进行了基因工程改造，以生产这种蛋白质，但这不是必要的……今年早些时候，中国海南大学的一个团队发表了硬骨合瓣的基因组，这可能会有所帮助。)”可知，第4段的主要介绍了为获得更多奇迹蛋白所做的努力。故选A。
74．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Yu can rder tablets f freeze-dried miracle berries nline but they are pricey, csting arund £18 fr a pack f 10. (你可以在网上订购冷冻干燥的奇迹果片，但价格昂贵，每包10片售价约18英镑。)”可知，干的奇迹果片是可以买到的。故选C。
75．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genme(基因图谱)f Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help. (今年早些时候，中国海南大学的一个团队发表了硬骨合瓣的基因组，这可能会有所帮助。)”以及最后一段“Spanish start-up Baia Fd has plans t prmte sustainable grwth f the plant in Ghana and market the dried berries. (西班牙初创企业Baia Fd计划在加纳促进该工厂的可持续发展，并销售干浆果。)”可知，作者对获得替代糖持乐观态度。故选B。
Passage 10
Breakfast is fd fr the brain and fr the rest f yur bdy. And dwning thse mrning calries is wrth it, even fr peple wrried abut their weight, a new study finds.
The study was led by Marlene Schwartz, a psychlgists (心理学家) wh studies besity (肥胖). Her grup studied sme 600 middle-schl students. Over three years, students frm 12 different schls were asked abut their breakfasts. Thrughut the study abut 34%-44% f all students said that they regularly ate breakfast at hme. Up t 17%, r almst ne in every six kids, regularly ate breakfast at schl. Overall (总的来说), abut ne in every 10 kids reprted eating breakfasts bth at hme and at schl. Eating habits changed smewhat as the kids gt lder. Fr example, fifth graders were mre likely t regularly eat breakfast at hme. But by seventh grade, 22% f the studied kids ften skipped breakfast.
Surprisingly, at every age, kids wh ate breakfast were less pssible t be verweight. This was true even fr thse wh ate breakfast at hme and at schl. It als fund that students wh skipped breakfast mst ften were thse mst likely t be verweight. These findings may seem puzzling. Yet Schwartz’s team can think f several pssible explanatins.
Skipping breakfast may set peple t be “ver-hungry” later in the day, she says. Then smene may eat mre fd than their bdy needs. What’s mre, nt eating regularly in the mrning stps ur brains and bdies frm wrking prperly. It’s very difficult fr kids t stay cncentrated in class withut having breakfast.
But why shuld eating tw breakfasts nt lead t weight gain? One explanatin may be that schl breakfasts are very healthy and cntrlled in size. Als, mst f the duble-breakfast eaters are bys. These kids are s active and actively grwing up that they need mre calries. They ften eat twice as much as ther peple.
76．The example underlined in the secnd paragraph is meant t tell us ______.
A．having breakfast is f n use at all
B．skipping breakfast is rather harmful t kids’ health
C．kids will change their eating habits as they grw lder
D．it is imprtant t have breakfast regularly
77．Accrding t the passage, which ne f the fllwing statements is NOT true?
A．The study was carried ut amng middle-schl students.
B．The study was ging n fr ver three years.
C．Skipping breakfast will pssibly lead t weight gain.
D．We can never eat t much in the mrning.
78．Based n the passage, what may happen t a by wh eats breakfast regularly?
A．He may put n weight.B．His brain and bdy will wrk well and prperly.
C．He will be in perfect health.D．He will be absent-minded in class.
79．What can we infer (推断) frm the last paragraph?
A．Kids wh are grwing up mre actively need mre energy.
B．All the kids shuld eat mre t stay healthy.
C．Eating tw breakfasts will lead t weight gain.
D．Schls must prvide healthy breakfasts.
【答案】76．C 77．D 78．B 79．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究发现，即使担心体重的人来说，早成摄入这些卡路里也是值得的。
76．细节理解题。根据第二段中划线句子“Fr example, fifth graders were mre likely t regularly eat breakfast at hme. But by seventh grade, 22% f the studied kids ften skipped breakfast. (例如，五年级学生更有可能经常在家吃早餐。但到了七年级，22%的被研究的孩子经常不吃早餐)”及“Eating habits changed smewhat as the kids gt lder. (随着孩子们年龄的增长，饮食习惯发生了一些变化)”可知，此处通过举例具体说明孩子们会随着年龄的增长而改变他们的饮食习惯。故选C项。
77．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Her grup studied sme 600 middle-schl students. Over three years, students frm 12 different schls were asked abut their breakfasts.(她的研究小组对大约600名中学生进行了研究。三年多来，来自12所不同学校的学生被问及他们的早餐)”及第三段中“It als fund that students wh skipped breakfast mst ften were thse mst likely t be verweight. (它还发现，最常不吃早餐的学生是那些最有可能超重的学生)”可知，她的研究是在中学中进行的，且进行了三年多，研究发现不吃早餐可能导致体重增加。D选项与原文内容不符。故选D项。
78．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“What’s mre, nt eating regularly in the mrning stps ur brains and bdies frm wrking prperly. It’s very difficult fr kids t stay cncentrated in class withut having breakfast. (更重要的是，不经常吃早饭会使我们的大和身体无法正常工作。孩子们很难在不吃早餐的情况下专心上课)”可知，按时吃饭的孩子，大脑和身体会正常工作。故选B项。
79．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But why shuld eating tw breakfasts nt lead t weight gain? One explanatin may be that schl breakfasts are very healthy and cntrlled in size. Als, mst f the duble-breakfast eaters are bys. These kids are s active and actively grwing up that they need mre calries. They ften eat twice as much as ther peple. (但是为什么吃两顿早餐不会导致体增加呢？一种解释可能是，学校的早餐非常健康，而且早餐的量受到控制。还有就是，大部分吃双份早餐的孩子是男孩。这些孩子活跃并且得快。他们经常吃别人的两倍)”可知，从最后一段我们可以推断出，活跃并且长得快的孩子吃的多，因为他们需要更多的能量。故选A项。