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【2023▪全国乙卷】
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw past events shuld be presented.B. What humanity is cncerned abut.
C. Whether facts speak luder than wrds.D. Why written language is reliable.
33. What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in paragraph 2?
A. His reprt was scientific.B. He represented the lcal peple.
C. He ruled ver Btany Bay.D. His recrd was ne-sided.
34. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
35. Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the WrldB. A Shrt Histry f Australia
C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100 ObjectsD. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
2021-2022年高考真题
【2022▪北京卷】
Quantum ( 量子 ) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
31. Regarding Jhnsn’s cncerns, the authr feels ________.
A. sympatheticB. uncncernedC. dubtfulD. excited
32. What leads t Taylr’s ptimism abut quantum cmputing?
A. His dminance in physics.
B. The cmpetitin in the field.
C. His cnfidence in PyQuantum.
D. The investment f tech cmpanies.
33. What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Open.B. Cl.C. Useful.D. Resistant.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B. Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C. Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D. Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
【2021▪新高考I卷】
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal (情感的) intelligence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn’s makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
32. What is a cmmn misunderstanding f emtinal intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps t exercise a persn's mind.
C. It includes a set f emtinal skills.
D. It refers t a persn’s psitive qualities.
33. Why des the authr mentin “dctr” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. T explain a rule.
B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T present a fact.
D. T make a predictin.
34. What is the authr's attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
35. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning emtinal intelligence?
A. Its appeal t the public.
B. Expectatins fr future studies.
C. Its practical applicatin.
D. Scientists with new perspectives.
2023年名校模拟题
（2023·河北保定·统考一模）The tw terms nature and nurture have been subjects f cmparisn since the 16th century. The argument is centered n the questin as t whether it is nature r nurture that makes us wh we are.
Nature prvides the starting pint fr an rganism that will interact with nurture, the envirnment, during the rganism’s life. Nature des nt just affect an rganism during its lifetime, but it als can directly affect the expressin f genes in ffspring (后代). Fr the Geneticists, they believe that ur lives are entirely determined by genetics, which is nature. An ppsing view is that there is n indicatin that genes (基因) determines ne’s persnality, rather there is grwing evidence that nurture serves as the determining factr in persnality develpment.
Nurture refers t the cnditins under which living things grw and develp after birth. When applied t human beings, it means hw the persn is raised, which includes nutritin, educatin, care, as well as the kind f surrundings, such as cultural influence, family and friends.
The argument f nature and nurture as t which is mre imprtant is necessitated by an attempt t differentiate hw much effect genetics has n a persn’s develpment against hw easily humans are influenced by ne’s envirnment.
While nurture undeniably plays its part n the grwth and develpment f ne’s persnality, nature dramatically utweighs nurture, fr nature can be likened t a fundatin. The impact f nurture n the develpment f persns cannt be ttally denied. Hwever, nature is regarded as being f mst imprtance because f the fact that it affrds an pprtunity and creates a fundatin and the basis fr the questin f nurture t arise at the very first instance. Even withut nurture, the nature impact can still stand independently withut necessarily causing destructin. Mre s, even when the nurture impact is successfully effected, it des nt remve the genetic characteristics f a persn. It therefre stands crrectly that nature is that which determines the substance f a persn.
1．What can we learn frm Paragraph 2?
A．Nature’s rle is supprted by additinal evidence.
B．Persnality develpment is determined by nurture.
C．Nature impacts gene expressin in later generatin.
D．Envirnment shapes persnality mre than genetics.
2．What des Paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．What nurture means t human beings.
B．Hw living things develp after birth.
C．Hw nurture shapes human develpment.
D．Hw surrundings influence human beings.
3．Hw des the authr stress the greater imprtance f nature?
A．By giving examples.
B．By making cntrast.
C．By cnducting experiments.
D．By citing research data.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．A Lng Stry f Nature and Nurture
B．A New Research n Nature and Nurture
C．Wh Can Tell What Makes Wh We Are?
D．Which Is Mre Imprtant, Nature r Nurture?
（2023·辽宁鞍山·统考二模）We have lng been attracted by quick slutins that culd increase ur intelligence. Tday, peple’s hpes lie in brain training apps, sme f which claim t result in “smarter minds”. But is this quick slutin all it is said t be?
There are plenty f brain training apps, but they all share the same characteristics: they turn mental exercises like simple arithmetic (算术), memry tests and lgic and pattern-matching prblems int quick games. Sme apps tell us that the mre yu play these mini-games, the smarter yu will get. It is really a big prmise.
Many f the apps say they are based n “science”, a claim I fund surprising as a frmer neurscientist (神经系统科学家). The cncept that increasing intelligence wuld be as simple as practicing a few mini-games every day flies in the face f what we have discvered abut hw humans think and learn.
After surveying thusands f users acrss a wide variety f apps, researchers at Western University in Canada discvered that brain training had n great effect n cgnitive (认知的) functining in the real wrld. The psitive effects that have been fund are limited t the very specific mini-games and tasks that users are trained n, such as the ability t memrize lists f wrds r numbers, r perfrm mental arithmetic, with little benefit t ther skills.
If yu are expecting them t imprve yur ability t write a nvel r make a cmplex cmputer prgram, I am afraid yu will want t lk elsewhere. Puzzle vide games such as “Baba Is Yu” and “Return f the Obra Dinn”, see players apply their skill at lgic, memry and cncentratin in a far mre cmplex way than any brain training mini-game.
5．What des the authr say abut brain training apps?
A．They have scientific supprt.B．They wrk in the frm f games.
C．They require prblem-slving skills.D．They are based n cmplex arithmetic.
6．What des the underlined part “flies in the face f” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Ges int details f.B．Takes advantage f.
C．Ges against.D．Cmes frm.
7．Which best describes the effects that brain training apps have n memry?
A．Limited.B．Indirect.C．Damaging.D．Far-reaching.
8．What is the authr’s attitude t “Baba Is Yu”?
A．Dubtful.B．Intlerant.C．Uninterested.D．Favrable.
（2023秋·辽宁沈阳·高三校联考一模）What may well be the ldest metal cins in the wrld have been identified at an ancient abandned city knwn as Guanzhuang in China. Like many Brnze Age (青铜时代) cins frm the regin, they were cast in the shape f spades (铲) with finely carved handles. These ancient cins existed during an in-between perid between barter (以物易物) and mney, when cins were a nvel cncept, but everybdy knew that agricultural tls were valuable.
Reading abut this incredible discvery, I kept thinking abut the way mdern peple represent cmputer netwrks by describing machines as having “addresses”, like a huse. We als talk abut ne cmputer using a “prt” t send infrmatin t anther cmputer, as if the data were a flating bat with destinatin. It’s as if we are in the Brnze Age f infrmatin technlgy, grasping desperately fr real-wrld reference t transfrm ur civilizatin.
Nw cnsider what happened t spade cins. Over centuries. metalwrkers made these cins int mre abstract shapes. Sme became almst human figures. Others’ handles were reduced t small half-circles. As spade cins grew mre abstract. peple carved them with number values and the lcatins where they were made. They became mre like mdern cins, flat and cvered in writing. Lking at ne f these later pieces, yu wuld have n idea that they were nce intended t lk like a spade.
This makes me wnder if we will develp an entirely new set f symbls that allw us t interact with ur digital infrmatin mre smthly.
Taking spade cins as ur guide, we can guess that far-future cmputer netwrks will n lnger cntain any recgnizable references t huses. But they still might bring sme f the ideas we assciate with hme t ur mind. In fact, cmputer netwrks — if they still exist at all — are likely t be almst the indispensable part f ur huses and cities, their sensrs inset (嵌入) with walls and rads. Our netwrk addresses might actually be the same as ur street addresses. If climate change leads t flds, ur mbile devices might lk mre like bats than phnes, assisting us t land.
My pint is that the metaphrs (比喻) f the infrmatin age aren’t randm. Mbile devices d ffer us cmfrt after a lng day at wrk. In sme sense, ur desire t settle n the shres f data lakes culd change the way we understand hme, as well as hw we build cmputers. S as we cast ur minds frward, we have t think abut what new abstractins will g alng with ur infrmatin technlgy. Perhaps the ne thing we cunt n is that humans will still appreciate the cmfrts f hme.
9．Why were many Brnze Age cins made int the shape f a spade?
A．These cins als served as agricultural tls.
B．This stylish design made the cins valuable.
C．A lt f emphasis was put n agriculture.
D．The handles made the cins easily exchanged.
10．Why des the authr relate cmputers t spade cins?
A．T shw they bth used t be new cncepts when first invented.
B．T highlight their same imprtance in ur civilizatinal transfrmatin.
C．T suggest cmputers will experience dramatic changes as cins did.
D．T explain abstract digital wrlds are different frm cncrete cins.
11．What des the underlined wrd “indispensable” in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A．Flexible.B．Wasteful.C．Essential.D．Alternative.
12．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Hw Agriculture Lses t Digital Industry
B．What Cins and Cmputers Bring Us
C．What Brnze Age and Infrmatin Age Have In Cmmn
D．What Ancient Mney Tells Us Abut the Future Digital Wrld
（2023春·河北·高三校联考一模）Even thugh peple have been paralyzed (瘫痪的) playing sprts like rugby and ftball, extreme sprts take the whle rdeal (磨难) t the next level. Sprts like dwnhill cycling are very dangerus because ne wuld be ging dwnhill, ver rcky r dirt zne, thrugh frests, even at ptentially deadly speeds. A slip up culd be yur dwnfall.
Nbdy wh gets int extreme sprts ges with the desire t d harm t themselves. With that, athletes train fr years and years befre they attempt anything extreme. T mst peple, extreme sprts are extreme simply because they take mre skill than what an average persn has. An athlete with skill and training makes an extreme thing becme a daily rutine. That des nt wipe ut the danger, but it greatly reduces it.
Even when there is a lt f skill invlved, things might nt g the athlete’s way, nt at all. Luck and circumstances have a lt t d with hw things develp, whether abve 8000 meters r in a wd, ging dwnhill. In sme places, crssing the street is an extreme sprt, cnsidering hw wild traffic can get.
Sme view parkur — the sprts f running, jumping and climbing under, arund and thrugh buildings — as an extreme sprt, while it is mre f a life philsphy, where the athlete des nt have t d anything remtely dangerus. Free sling, which means climbing a rck r ice face withut safety gear, is abslutely deadly, where ne slip means almst certain death, depending n the height, f curse. Skatebarding is relatively safe, but if yu cnstantly find ridiculus places t practice n, like the fence f a bridge, then things can get very cmplicated. The extreme part depends n the athlete.
T summarize, yes, extreme sprts are dangerus, but the danger depends n the athlete, their chice f sprt, directin in which they take it, as well as the circumstances. Sme things are ut f ur reach f cntrl, while thers we can influence thrugh exercise and healthier risk chices.
13．Why is dwnhill cycling mentined in Paragraph 1?
A．T call fr attentin t extreme sprts.
B．T intrduce the rigin f extreme sprts.
C．T illustrate the danger f extreme sprts.
D．T shw the cmplexity f the extreme sprts.
14．What des Paragraph 2 mainly talk abut regarding extreme sprts?
A．Extreme sprts differ frm ne anther.
B．Skill matters a lt in maintaining safety.
C．Athlete’s luck is a key factr that influences safety.
D．Extreme sprts are mre dangerus than regular sprts.
15．Which wuld best describe the authr’s attitude twards the danger f extreme sprts?
A．Dubtful.B．Objective.
C．Intlerant.D．Uninterested.
16．Which f the fllwing is the best title f the text?
A．D Extreme Sprts Test Yur Curage?
B．Why Shuld Extreme Sprts Be Banned?
C．Why D We Lve Extreme Sprts s Much?
D．Are Extreme Sprts Really That Dangerus?
（2023秋·辽宁大连·高三统考一模）We live in an age when all scientific knwledge — frm the safety f vaccines (疫苗) t the reality f climate change — faces rganized and ften angry ppsitin. Dubters have declared war n the cnsensus (共识) f experts. It seems that peple have turned argumentative vernight.
In a sense, all this is nt surprising. Our lives are affected by science and technlgy as never befre. The wrld seems full f real and imaginary dangers. Thugh scientists agree that the Ebla virus is spread nly by direct cntact with bld r bdy fluids (液体), if yu type “airbrne Ebla” int an Internet search engine, yu’ll find that sme peple believe that this virus has almst supernatural pwers.
In this ften cnfusing wrld, we need t rely n science t decide whether what we chse t believe has a basis in the laws f nature r nt. But science desn’t cme naturally t mst f us. Science has ften led us t truths that are really mind-blwing. Fr example, althugh the rundness f the Earth has been knwn fr thusands f years, sme still feel it hard t accept.
Even when peple becme scientifically educated, mst f them still try t make sense f the wrld by relying n persnal experience, stries r emtins rather than statistics. When they hear a number f cancer cases in a twn with a dangerus waste dump (垃圾场), they believe pllutin caused the cancers. Yet tw things happening tgether desn’t mean ne caused the ther. Even when they turn t the Internet, they let in nly the infrmatin they agree with t strengthen beliefs that have already been shaped by their wrldview.
Hw can scientists cnvince dubters? Thrwing mre facts at peple may nt be enugh. Mre effrts are suppsed t be made.
17．What’s the text mainly abut?
A．Hw peple view the wrld.B．What challenges science faces.
C．Whether science is wrth respect.D．Why peple shw disbelief in science.
18．What des the underlined wrd “mind-blwing” prbably mean?
A．Unbelievable.B．Desirable.C．Dangerus.D．Obvius.
19．Hw d “peple” in paragraph 4 understand the wrld?
A．They apply lgical thinking.
B．They stick t their wn beliefs.
C．They frm the views n assumptins.
D．They rely n the infrmatin n the Internet.
20．Hw des the authr prve his pinins?
A．Thrugh cmparisn.B．Thrugh qutatin.
C．By giving examples.D．By making definitins.
（2023秋·浙江·高三德清县高级中学校联考一模）The persnal grievance prvisins f New Zealand’s Emplyment Relatins Act 2000 (ERA) prevent an emplyer frm firing an emplyee withut gd cause. Instead, dismissals must be justified. Emplyers must bth shw cause and act in a prcedurally fair way.
Persnal grievance prcedures were designed t guard the jbs f rdinary wrkers frm “unjustified dismissals”. The premise was that the cmmn law f cntract lacked sufficient prtectin fr wrkers against arbitrary cnduct by management. Lng gne are the days when a bss culd simply give an emplyee cntractual ntice.
But these prvisins create difficulties fr businesses when applied t highly paid managers and executives. As cuntless bards and business wners will attest, cnstraining firms frm firing prly perfrming, high-earning managers is a handbrake n bsting prductivity and verall perfrmance. The difference between C-grade and A-grade managers may very well be the difference between business success r failure. Between preserving the jbs f rdinary wrkers r lsing them. Yet medicrity is n lnger enugh t justify a dismissal.
Cnsequently and paradxically laws intrduced t prtect the jbs f rdinary wrkers may be placing thse jbs at risk.
If nt placing jbs at risk, t the extent emplyment prtectin laws cnstrain business wners frm dismissing under-perfrming managers, thse laws act as a cnstraint n firm prductivity and therefre n wrkers’ wages. Indeed, in “An Internatinal Perspective n New Zealand’s Prductivity Paradx” (2014), the Prductivity Cmmissin singled ut the lw quality f managerial capabilities as a cause f the cuntry’s pr prductivity grwth recrd.
Nr are highly paid managers themselves immune frm the harm caused by the ERA’s unjustified dismissal prcedures. Because emplyment prtectin laws make it cstlier t fire an emplyee, emplyers are mre cautius abut hiring new staff. This makes it harder fr the marginal manager t gain emplyment. And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden f the emplyment arrangement ging wrng.
Sciety als suffers frm excessive emplyment prtectins. Stringent jb dismissal regulatins adversely affect prductivity grwth and hamper bth prsperity and verall well-being.
Acrss the Tasman Sea, Australia deals with the unjustified dismissal paradx by excluding emplyees earning abve a specified “high-incme threshld” frm the prtectin f its unfair dismissal laws. In New Zealand, a 2016 private members’ Bill tried t permit firms and high-incme emplyees t cntract ut f the unjustified dismissal regime. Hwever, the mechanisms prpsed were unwieldy and the Bill was vted dwn fllwing the change in gvernment later that year.
21．The persnal grievance prvisins f the ERA are intended t ________.
A．discipline dubius crprate practicesB．prmte traditinal hiring prcedures
C．regulate the privileges f the emplyersD．safeguard the rights f rdinary wrkers
22．It can be learned frm paragraph 3 that the prvisins may ________.
A．hinder business develpmentB．justify managers’ authrity
C．affect the public image f the firmsD．wrsen labr-management relatins
23．Which f the fllwing can be inferred frm the passage?
A．ERA’s sensible apprach crrespnds with the internatinal trend f demcracy.
B．The sciety will see a rise in well-being with the ERA’s prcedures carried ut.
C．Nn-prficient managerial capabilities make emplyees suffer frm salary cuts.
D．High-incme threshld in Australia is relatively beneficial t business wners.
24．What’s the authr’s attitude twards the persnal grievance prvisins issued by ERA?
A．AppreciativeB．SkepticalC．OptimisticD．Cntradictry
（2023·宁夏银川·银川一中校考一模）I have frequently taught Research Methds and Design t cllege students at several institutins. I lve teaching this curse. One reasn, f curse, is that I enjy thinking abut research methdlgy (方法学) and sharing it with thers. The ther reasn, hwever, is the bvius impact that it has n students. Every term, ne (if nt mre) student tells me hw taking this curse has affected him/her: “I used t just read articles and believe what they said, but nw I find myself asking ‘Is this true? Hw d they knw? Is this a well designed study?” That is what I want the students t achieve in this curse.
This brings t mind smething written by Drthy L. Sayers in 1948. One f her bks, The Lst Tls f Learning speaks t Sayers’ thughts n educatin. “By teaching ur yung men and wmen t read, we have left them at the mercy f the printed wrds. By the inventin f the film and the radi,we have made certain that n dislike fr reading shall prtect them frm the cnstant battery f wrds, wrds, wrds. They d nt knw what the wrds mean: they are victims t wrds in their emtins instead f being the masters f them in their intelligence.”
We are well past the 1940s, but her bservatin is still relevant. Sayers’ pint is well taken. In the wrld f 24-hur news and scial media that ften resembles (类似) the Wild West, the ability t carry ut evaluatins has never been mre imprtant. In rder t resist the distrtins with which we are cnstantly bmbed in the media, as well as be able t present a persuasive argument, we must be able t reasn well, and think and give a judgement carefully.
When my students begin the Research Methds and Design curse, they are generally nt cntent t read all thse research article I give. Hwever, by the end f the curse, they are excited abut their newly btained abilities.
25．What is the authr’s curse gal fr her students?
A．Thinking critically.B．Reading deeply.
C．Designing studies well.D．Questining themselves.
26．What did Sayers imply abut educatin?
A．It was bring.B．It was wrrying.
C．It was cnventinal.D．It was useless.
27．What des the underlined wrd “distrtins” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Ppular news.B．Varius evaluatins.
C．Persuasive arguments.D．Misleading infrmatin.
28．Why des the authr write the text?
A．T review a bk.B．T intrduce a writer.
C．T suggest a practical skill.D．T criticize scial media.
（2023春·河南·高三校联考一模）A wrrying rise in scial media psts, suggesting that peple leave their Hallween pumpkins in the wds t feed wildlife after Octber 31, has made wildlife experts cncerned. Thusands f pumpkins are discarded in wds acrss Britain. While well-meaning pumpkin carvers might think they are ding the lcal animals grups a kindness, leaving yur leftver jack-’-lantern in the wdland is actually ding mre harm than gd.
“A myth seems t have built up that leaving pumpkins in wds helps wildlife, but behind it are many hidden issues.” said Paul Buntn, engagement and cmmunicatin fficer at The Wdland Trust, accrding t The Telegraph.
One f the main issues is that the leftver f the Hallween pumpkins are ften eaten by already struggling hedgehgs(刺猬). In early Nvember, hedgehgs are lking t gain as much weight as pssible t survive their winter hibernatin. Hwever, eating pumpkin is harmful t their little hedgehg stmachs, leading t diarrhea and dehydratin. This means they may struggle t put n weight, and in sme cases can even be fatal.
Mrever, leftver Hallween pumpkins can cntain candles and plastic decratins which can als be fatal t wildlife if mistakenly eaten. The rtting leftver can als attract less ppular wildlife, such as rats, t an area. Accrding t The Wdland Trust, the additinal nutrients in the pumpkins can negatively affect the sil balance as well. “Pumpkin flesh can have a really harmful effect n wdland sils,plants, and fungi(真菌),” Buntn pinted ut.
S what shuld yu d with yur beautifully carved pumpkin creatin after Octber 31? Mst experts recmmend cmpsting (堆肥) it yurself at hme if yu can, r asking if a lcal farm will accept it as a dnatin. Yu culd even try sme scientific experiments t prduce mre energy frm the thrw-away wasted. Either way, the hedgehgs will thank vu.
29．What des the underlined wrd “discarded” mean in paragraph 1?
A．Prcessed.B．Recycled.C．Deserted.D．Preserved.
30．Why d hedgehgs try t eat s many pumpkins in early Nvember?
A．T enjy the sweet fd.B．T fill their stmachs.
C．T prepare fr the winter.D．T imprve their health.
31．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The additinal nutrients in the leftver pumpkins.
B．The damages f candles and plastic in the pumpkins.
C．The attractin f the rtting leftvers t sme wildlife.
D．Further explanatin f the effect f leftver pumpkins.
32．What are peple advised t d with the leftver pumpkins after Hallween?.
A．Stp leaving yur pumpkins in the wds.
B．Keep yur beautiful pumpkin creatins at hme.
C．Feed the hedgehgs with the leftver pumpkins.
D．Bury the pumpkins leftver deep under the grund.
【2023▪全国乙卷】
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw past events shuld be presented.B. What humanity is cncerned abut.
C. Whether facts speak luder than wrds.D. Why written language is reliable.
33. What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in paragraph 2?
A. His reprt was scientific.B. He represented the lcal peple.
C. He ruled ver Btany Bay.D. His recrd was ne-sided.
34. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
35. Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the WrldB. A Shrt Histry f Australia
C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100 ObjectsD. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
2021-2022年高考真题
【2022▪北京卷】
Quantum ( 量子 ) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
31. Regarding Jhnsn’s cncerns, the authr feels ________.
A. sympatheticB. uncncernedC. dubtfulD. excited
32. What leads t Taylr’s ptimism abut quantum cmputing?
A. His dminance in physics.
B. The cmpetitin in the field.
C. His cnfidence in PyQuantum.
D. The investment f tech cmpanies.
33. What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Open.B. Cl.C. Useful.D. Resistant.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B. Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C. Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D. Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
【2021▪新高考I卷】
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal (情感的) intelligence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn’s makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
32. What is a cmmn misunderstanding f emtinal intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps t exercise a persn's mind.
C. It includes a set f emtinal skills.
D. It refers t a persn’s psitive qualities.
33. Why des the authr mentin “dctr” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. T explain a rule.
B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T present a fact.
D. T make a predictin.
34. What is the authr's attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
35. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning emtinal intelligence?
A. Its appeal t the public.
B. Expectatins fr future studies.
C. Its practical applicatin.
D. Scientists with new perspectives.
2023年名校模拟题
（2023·河北保定·统考一模）The tw terms nature and nurture have been subjects f cmparisn since the 16th century. The argument is centered n the questin as t whether it is nature r nurture that makes us wh we are.
Nature prvides the starting pint fr an rganism that will interact with nurture, the envirnment, during the rganism’s life. Nature des nt just affect an rganism during its lifetime, but it als can directly affect the expressin f genes in ffspring (后代). Fr the Geneticists, they believe that ur lives are entirely determined by genetics, which is nature. An ppsing view is that there is n indicatin that genes (基因) determines ne’s persnality, rather there is grwing evidence that nurture serves as the determining factr in persnality develpment.
Nurture refers t the cnditins under which living things grw and develp after birth. When applied t human beings, it means hw the persn is raised, which includes nutritin, educatin, care, as well as the kind f surrundings, such as cultural influence, family and friends.
The argument f nature and nurture as t which is mre imprtant is necessitated by an attempt t differentiate hw much effect genetics has n a persn’s develpment against hw easily humans are influenced by ne’s envirnment.
While nurture undeniably plays its part n the grwth and develpment f ne’s persnality, nature dramatically utweighs nurture, fr nature can be likened t a fundatin. The impact f nurture n the develpment f persns cannt be ttally denied. Hwever, nature is regarded as being f mst imprtance because f the fact that it affrds an pprtunity and creates a fundatin and the basis fr the questin f nurture t arise at the very first instance. Even withut nurture, the nature impact can still stand independently withut necessarily causing destructin. Mre s, even when the nurture impact is successfully effected, it des nt remve the genetic characteristics f a persn. It therefre stands crrectly that nature is that which determines the substance f a persn.
1．What can we learn frm Paragraph 2?
A．Nature’s rle is supprted by additinal evidence.
B．Persnality develpment is determined by nurture.
C．Nature impacts gene expressin in later generatin.
D．Envirnment shapes persnality mre than genetics.
2．What des Paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．What nurture means t human beings.
B．Hw living things develp after birth.
C．Hw nurture shapes human develpment.
D．Hw surrundings influence human beings.
3．Hw des the authr stress the greater imprtance f nature?
A．By giving examples.
B．By making cntrast.
C．By cnducting experiments.
D．By citing research data.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．A Lng Stry f Nature and Nurture
B．A New Research n Nature and Nurture
C．Wh Can Tell What Makes Wh We Are?
D．Which Is Mre Imprtant, Nature r Nurture?
（2023·辽宁鞍山·统考二模）We have lng been attracted by quick slutins that culd increase ur intelligence. Tday, peple’s hpes lie in brain training apps, sme f which claim t result in “smarter minds”. But is this quick slutin all it is said t be?
There are plenty f brain training apps, but they all share the same characteristics: they turn mental exercises like simple arithmetic (算术), memry tests and lgic and pattern-matching prblems int quick games. Sme apps tell us that the mre yu play these mini-games, the smarter yu will get. It is really a big prmise.
Many f the apps say they are based n “science”, a claim I fund surprising as a frmer neurscientist (神经系统科学家). The cncept that increasing intelligence wuld be as simple as practicing a few mini-games every day flies in the face f what we have discvered abut hw humans think and learn.
After surveying thusands f users acrss a wide variety f apps, researchers at Western University in Canada discvered that brain training had n great effect n cgnitive (认知的) functining in the real wrld. The psitive effects that have been fund are limited t the very specific mini-games and tasks that users are trained n, such as the ability t memrize lists f wrds r numbers, r perfrm mental arithmetic, with little benefit t ther skills.
If yu are expecting them t imprve yur ability t write a nvel r make a cmplex cmputer prgram, I am afraid yu will want t lk elsewhere. Puzzle vide games such as “Baba Is Yu” and “Return f the Obra Dinn”, see players apply their skill at lgic, memry and cncentratin in a far mre cmplex way than any brain training mini-game.
5．What des the authr say abut brain training apps?
A．They have scientific supprt.B．They wrk in the frm f games.
C．They require prblem-slving skills.D．They are based n cmplex arithmetic.
6．What des the underlined part “flies in the face f” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Ges int details f.B．Takes advantage f.
C．Ges against.D．Cmes frm.
7．Which best describes the effects that brain training apps have n memry?
A．Limited.B．Indirect.C．Damaging.D．Far-reaching.
8．What is the authr’s attitude t “Baba Is Yu”?
A．Dubtful.B．Intlerant.C．Uninterested.D．Favrable.
（2023秋·辽宁沈阳·高三校联考一模）What may well be the ldest metal cins in the wrld have been identified at an ancient abandned city knwn as Guanzhuang in China. Like many Brnze Age (青铜时代) cins frm the regin, they were cast in the shape f spades (铲) with finely carved handles. These ancient cins existed during an in-between perid between barter (以物易物) and mney, when cins were a nvel cncept, but everybdy knew that agricultural tls were valuable.
Reading abut this incredible discvery, I kept thinking abut the way mdern peple represent cmputer netwrks by describing machines as having “addresses”, like a huse. We als talk abut ne cmputer using a “prt” t send infrmatin t anther cmputer, as if the data were a flating bat with destinatin. It’s as if we are in the Brnze Age f infrmatin technlgy, grasping desperately fr real-wrld reference t transfrm ur civilizatin.
Nw cnsider what happened t spade cins. Over centuries. metalwrkers made these cins int mre abstract shapes. Sme became almst human figures. Others’ handles were reduced t small half-circles. As spade cins grew mre abstract. peple carved them with number values and the lcatins where they were made. They became mre like mdern cins, flat and cvered in writing. Lking at ne f these later pieces, yu wuld have n idea that they were nce intended t lk like a spade.
This makes me wnder if we will develp an entirely new set f symbls that allw us t interact with ur digital infrmatin mre smthly.
Taking spade cins as ur guide, we can guess that far-future cmputer netwrks will n lnger cntain any recgnizable references t huses. But they still might bring sme f the ideas we assciate with hme t ur mind. In fact, cmputer netwrks — if they still exist at all — are likely t be almst the indispensable part f ur huses and cities, their sensrs inset (嵌入) with walls and rads. Our netwrk addresses might actually be the same as ur street addresses. If climate change leads t flds, ur mbile devices might lk mre like bats than phnes, assisting us t land.
My pint is that the metaphrs (比喻) f the infrmatin age aren’t randm. Mbile devices d ffer us cmfrt after a lng day at wrk. In sme sense, ur desire t settle n the shres f data lakes culd change the way we understand hme, as well as hw we build cmputers. S as we cast ur minds frward, we have t think abut what new abstractins will g alng with ur infrmatin technlgy. Perhaps the ne thing we cunt n is that humans will still appreciate the cmfrts f hme.
9．Why were many Brnze Age cins made int the shape f a spade?
A．These cins als served as agricultural tls.
B．This stylish design made the cins valuable.
C．A lt f emphasis was put n agriculture.
D．The handles made the cins easily exchanged.
10．Why des the authr relate cmputers t spade cins?
A．T shw they bth used t be new cncepts when first invented.
B．T highlight their same imprtance in ur civilizatinal transfrmatin.
C．T suggest cmputers will experience dramatic changes as cins did.
D．T explain abstract digital wrlds are different frm cncrete cins.
11．What des the underlined wrd “indispensable” in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A．Flexible.B．Wasteful.C．Essential.D．Alternative.
12．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Hw Agriculture Lses t Digital Industry
B．What Cins and Cmputers Bring Us
C．What Brnze Age and Infrmatin Age Have In Cmmn
D．What Ancient Mney Tells Us Abut the Future Digital Wrld
（2023春·河北·高三校联考一模）Even thugh peple have been paralyzed (瘫痪的) playing sprts like rugby and ftball, extreme sprts take the whle rdeal (磨难) t the next level. Sprts like dwnhill cycling are very dangerus because ne wuld be ging dwnhill, ver rcky r dirt zne, thrugh frests, even at ptentially deadly speeds. A slip up culd be yur dwnfall.
Nbdy wh gets int extreme sprts ges with the desire t d harm t themselves. With that, athletes train fr years and years befre they attempt anything extreme. T mst peple, extreme sprts are extreme simply because they take mre skill than what an average persn has. An athlete with skill and training makes an extreme thing becme a daily rutine. That des nt wipe ut the danger, but it greatly reduces it.
Even when there is a lt f skill invlved, things might nt g the athlete’s way, nt at all. Luck and circumstances have a lt t d with hw things develp, whether abve 8000 meters r in a wd, ging dwnhill. In sme places, crssing the street is an extreme sprt, cnsidering hw wild traffic can get.
Sme view parkur — the sprts f running, jumping and climbing under, arund and thrugh buildings — as an extreme sprt, while it is mre f a life philsphy, where the athlete des nt have t d anything remtely dangerus. Free sling, which means climbing a rck r ice face withut safety gear, is abslutely deadly, where ne slip means almst certain death, depending n the height, f curse. Skatebarding is relatively safe, but if yu cnstantly find ridiculus places t practice n, like the fence f a bridge, then things can get very cmplicated. The extreme part depends n the athlete.
T summarize, yes, extreme sprts are dangerus, but the danger depends n the athlete, their chice f sprt, directin in which they take it, as well as the circumstances. Sme things are ut f ur reach f cntrl, while thers we can influence thrugh exercise and healthier risk chices.
13．Why is dwnhill cycling mentined in Paragraph 1?
A．T call fr attentin t extreme sprts.
B．T intrduce the rigin f extreme sprts.
C．T illustrate the danger f extreme sprts.
D．T shw the cmplexity f the extreme sprts.
14．What des Paragraph 2 mainly talk abut regarding extreme sprts?
A．Extreme sprts differ frm ne anther.
B．Skill matters a lt in maintaining safety.
C．Athlete’s luck is a key factr that influences safety.
D．Extreme sprts are mre dangerus than regular sprts.
15．Which wuld best describe the authr’s attitude twards the danger f extreme sprts?
A．Dubtful.B．Objective.
C．Intlerant.D．Uninterested.
16．Which f the fllwing is the best title f the text?
A．D Extreme Sprts Test Yur Curage?
B．Why Shuld Extreme Sprts Be Banned?
C．Why D We Lve Extreme Sprts s Much?
D．Are Extreme Sprts Really That Dangerus?
（2023秋·辽宁大连·高三统考一模）We live in an age when all scientific knwledge — frm the safety f vaccines (疫苗) t the reality f climate change — faces rganized and ften angry ppsitin. Dubters have declared war n the cnsensus (共识) f experts. It seems that peple have turned argumentative vernight.
In a sense, all this is nt surprising. Our lives are affected by science and technlgy as never befre. The wrld seems full f real and imaginary dangers. Thugh scientists agree that the Ebla virus is spread nly by direct cntact with bld r bdy fluids (液体), if yu type “airbrne Ebla” int an Internet search engine, yu’ll find that sme peple believe that this virus has almst supernatural pwers.
In this ften cnfusing wrld, we need t rely n science t decide whether what we chse t believe has a basis in the laws f nature r nt. But science desn’t cme naturally t mst f us. Science has ften led us t truths that are really mind-blwing. Fr example, althugh the rundness f the Earth has been knwn fr thusands f years, sme still feel it hard t accept.
Even when peple becme scientifically educated, mst f them still try t make sense f the wrld by relying n persnal experience, stries r emtins rather than statistics. When they hear a number f cancer cases in a twn with a dangerus waste dump (垃圾场), they believe pllutin caused the cancers. Yet tw things happening tgether desn’t mean ne caused the ther. Even when they turn t the Internet, they let in nly the infrmatin they agree with t strengthen beliefs that have already been shaped by their wrldview.
Hw can scientists cnvince dubters? Thrwing mre facts at peple may nt be enugh. Mre effrts are suppsed t be made.
17．What’s the text mainly abut?
A．Hw peple view the wrld.B．What challenges science faces.
C．Whether science is wrth respect.D．Why peple shw disbelief in science.
18．What des the underlined wrd “mind-blwing” prbably mean?
A．Unbelievable.B．Desirable.C．Dangerus.D．Obvius.
19．Hw d “peple” in paragraph 4 understand the wrld?
A．They apply lgical thinking.
B．They stick t their wn beliefs.
C．They frm the views n assumptins.
D．They rely n the infrmatin n the Internet.
20．Hw des the authr prve his pinins?
A．Thrugh cmparisn.B．Thrugh qutatin.
C．By giving examples.D．By making definitins.
（2023秋·浙江·高三德清县高级中学校联考一模）The persnal grievance prvisins f New Zealand’s Emplyment Relatins Act 2000 (ERA) prevent an emplyer frm firing an emplyee withut gd cause. Instead, dismissals must be justified. Emplyers must bth shw cause and act in a prcedurally fair way.
Persnal grievance prcedures were designed t guard the jbs f rdinary wrkers frm “unjustified dismissals”. The premise was that the cmmn law f cntract lacked sufficient prtectin fr wrkers against arbitrary cnduct by management. Lng gne are the days when a bss culd simply give an emplyee cntractual ntice.
But these prvisins create difficulties fr businesses when applied t highly paid managers and executives. As cuntless bards and business wners will attest, cnstraining firms frm firing prly perfrming, high-earning managers is a handbrake n bsting prductivity and verall perfrmance. The difference between C-grade and A-grade managers may very well be the difference between business success r failure. Between preserving the jbs f rdinary wrkers r lsing them. Yet medicrity is n lnger enugh t justify a dismissal.
Cnsequently and paradxically laws intrduced t prtect the jbs f rdinary wrkers may be placing thse jbs at risk.
If nt placing jbs at risk, t the extent emplyment prtectin laws cnstrain business wners frm dismissing under-perfrming managers, thse laws act as a cnstraint n firm prductivity and therefre n wrkers’ wages. Indeed, in “An Internatinal Perspective n New Zealand’s Prductivity Paradx” (2014), the Prductivity Cmmissin singled ut the lw quality f managerial capabilities as a cause f the cuntry’s pr prductivity grwth recrd.
Nr are highly paid managers themselves immune frm the harm caused by the ERA’s unjustified dismissal prcedures. Because emplyment prtectin laws make it cstlier t fire an emplyee, emplyers are mre cautius abut hiring new staff. This makes it harder fr the marginal manager t gain emplyment. And firms pay staff less because firms carry the burden f the emplyment arrangement ging wrng.
Sciety als suffers frm excessive emplyment prtectins. Stringent jb dismissal regulatins adversely affect prductivity grwth and hamper bth prsperity and verall well-being.
Acrss the Tasman Sea, Australia deals with the unjustified dismissal paradx by excluding emplyees earning abve a specified “high-incme threshld” frm the prtectin f its unfair dismissal laws. In New Zealand, a 2016 private members’ Bill tried t permit firms and high-incme emplyees t cntract ut f the unjustified dismissal regime. Hwever, the mechanisms prpsed were unwieldy and the Bill was vted dwn fllwing the change in gvernment later that year.
21．The persnal grievance prvisins f the ERA are intended t ________.
A．discipline dubius crprate practicesB．prmte traditinal hiring prcedures
C．regulate the privileges f the emplyersD．safeguard the rights f rdinary wrkers
22．It can be learned frm paragraph 3 that the prvisins may ________.
A．hinder business develpmentB．justify managers’ authrity
C．affect the public image f the firmsD．wrsen labr-management relatins
23．Which f the fllwing can be inferred frm the passage?
A．ERA’s sensible apprach crrespnds with the internatinal trend f demcracy.
B．The sciety will see a rise in well-being with the ERA’s prcedures carried ut.
C．Nn-prficient managerial capabilities make emplyees suffer frm salary cuts.
D．High-incme threshld in Australia is relatively beneficial t business wners.
24．What’s the authr’s attitude twards the persnal grievance prvisins issued by ERA?
A．AppreciativeB．SkepticalC．OptimisticD．Cntradictry
（2023·宁夏银川·银川一中校考一模）I have frequently taught Research Methds and Design t cllege students at several institutins. I lve teaching this curse. One reasn, f curse, is that I enjy thinking abut research methdlgy (方法学) and sharing it with thers. The ther reasn, hwever, is the bvius impact that it has n students. Every term, ne (if nt mre) student tells me hw taking this curse has affected him/her: “I used t just read articles and believe what they said, but nw I find myself asking ‘Is this true? Hw d they knw? Is this a well designed study?” That is what I want the students t achieve in this curse.
This brings t mind smething written by Drthy L. Sayers in 1948. One f her bks, The Lst Tls f Learning speaks t Sayers’ thughts n educatin. “By teaching ur yung men and wmen t read, we have left them at the mercy f the printed wrds. By the inventin f the film and the radi,we have made certain that n dislike fr reading shall prtect them frm the cnstant battery f wrds, wrds, wrds. They d nt knw what the wrds mean: they are victims t wrds in their emtins instead f being the masters f them in their intelligence.”
We are well past the 1940s, but her bservatin is still relevant. Sayers’ pint is well taken. In the wrld f 24-hur news and scial media that ften resembles (类似) the Wild West, the ability t carry ut evaluatins has never been mre imprtant. In rder t resist the distrtins with which we are cnstantly bmbed in the media, as well as be able t present a persuasive argument, we must be able t reasn well, and think and give a judgement carefully.
When my students begin the Research Methds and Design curse, they are generally nt cntent t read all thse research article I give. Hwever, by the end f the curse, they are excited abut their newly btained abilities.
25．What is the authr’s curse gal fr her students?
A．Thinking critically.B．Reading deeply.
C．Designing studies well.D．Questining themselves.
26．What did Sayers imply abut educatin?
A．It was bring.B．It was wrrying.
C．It was cnventinal.D．It was useless.
27．What des the underlined wrd “distrtins” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Ppular news.B．Varius evaluatins.
C．Persuasive arguments.D．Misleading infrmatin.
28．Why des the authr write the text?
A．T review a bk.B．T intrduce a writer.
C．T suggest a practical skill.D．T criticize scial media.
（2023春·河南·高三校联考一模）A wrrying rise in scial media psts, suggesting that peple leave their Hallween pumpkins in the wds t feed wildlife after Octber 31, has made wildlife experts cncerned. Thusands f pumpkins are discarded in wds acrss Britain. While well-meaning pumpkin carvers might think they are ding the lcal animals grups a kindness, leaving yur leftver jack-’-lantern in the wdland is actually ding mre harm than gd.
“A myth seems t have built up that leaving pumpkins in wds helps wildlife, but behind it are many hidden issues.” said Paul Buntn, engagement and cmmunicatin fficer at The Wdland Trust, accrding t The Telegraph.
One f the main issues is that the leftver f the Hallween pumpkins are ften eaten by already struggling hedgehgs(刺猬). In early Nvember, hedgehgs are lking t gain as much weight as pssible t survive their winter hibernatin. Hwever, eating pumpkin is harmful t their little hedgehg stmachs, leading t diarrhea and dehydratin. This means they may struggle t put n weight, and in sme cases can even be fatal.
Mrever, leftver Hallween pumpkins can cntain candles and plastic decratins which can als be fatal t wildlife if mistakenly eaten. The rtting leftver can als attract less ppular wildlife, such as rats, t an area. Accrding t The Wdland Trust, the additinal nutrients in the pumpkins can negatively affect the sil balance as well. “Pumpkin flesh can have a really harmful effect n wdland sils,plants, and fungi(真菌),” Buntn pinted ut.
S what shuld yu d with yur beautifully carved pumpkin creatin after Octber 31? Mst experts recmmend cmpsting (堆肥) it yurself at hme if yu can, r asking if a lcal farm will accept it as a dnatin. Yu culd even try sme scientific experiments t prduce mre energy frm the thrw-away wasted. Either way, the hedgehgs will thank vu.
29．What des the underlined wrd “discarded” mean in paragraph 1?
A．Prcessed.B．Recycled.C．Deserted.D．Preserved.
30．Why d hedgehgs try t eat s many pumpkins in early Nvember?
A．T enjy the sweet fd.B．T fill their stmachs.
C．T prepare fr the winter.D．T imprve their health.
31．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The additinal nutrients in the leftver pumpkins.
B．The damages f candles and plastic in the pumpkins.
C．The attractin f the rtting leftvers t sme wildlife.
D．Further explanatin f the effect f leftver pumpkins.
32．What are peple advised t d with the leftver pumpkins after Hallween?.
A．Stp leaving yur pumpkins in the wds.
B．Keep yur beautiful pumpkin creatins at hme.
C．Feed the hedgehgs with the leftver pumpkins.
D．Bury the pumpkins leftver deep under the grund.
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