专题03 阅读理解词句猜测题（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份专题03 阅读理解词句猜测题（原卷版+解析版），文件包含03阅读理解词句猜测题原卷版docx、03阅读理解词句猜测题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共73页， 欢迎下载使用。

阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词,但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来,这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。词句猜测题要求学生根据阅读材料提供的信息,结合学习中积累的常识和经验对生词的含义、熟词生义和短语、句子的含义加以猜测,以及对代词的指代对象准确定位。命题人要求猜测词义的词一般是实词及其词组。
词句猜测题倾向于从以下方面进行考查：
（1）考查对语篇针对性的解释的信息的挖掘：针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。例如，如果生词有一个句子或段落来定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。再如，虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是它提供的信息可以为阅读者猜测词义提供依据，至少读者可以根据复述猜测生词的大致“义域”(意义范围)。复述部分可以是词、短语、或从句。
（2）考查对词句内在逻辑关系的理解：根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。例如，在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, nt, but, hwever, despite, in spite f, in cntrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。再如，同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, als, as well as 等。
题型特征总览
词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。阅读文章时, 常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词, 但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来, 这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。
（一）命题方式
(1)The phrase “. . . ” in the sentence culd be replaced by______.
(2)The wrd “. . . ” in the paragraph refers t ______.
(3)What is the meaning f the underlined wrd in the paragraph?/What des the underlined wrd mean?
(4)Which f the fllwing is the clsest in meaning t the phrase“. . . ”?
(5)The wrd“. . . ” mst nearly means ______.
(6)The underlined sentence in the secnd paragraph implies that ______.
（二）考查角度
(1)猜测生词或熟词生义;
(2)猜测短语的意义;
(3)猜测替代词所替代的内容(如it, ne, they, this, that, these, thse 等);
(4)猜测句意。
（三）解答技巧
考生除了必须熟练掌握大纲中规定的词汇外, 要注意积累生词和短语, 掌握构词法的知识, 还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测, 掌握一定的做题技巧。常见的技巧有:
(1)利用例证进行猜测
(2)利用逻辑关系进行猜测
(3)利用同位关系进行猜测
(4)利用上下文的指代关系进行猜测
(5)利用构词法进行猜测
(6)利用同义或近义关系进行猜测
(7)利用反义、转折或对比关系进行猜测
题型突破攻略
词义猜测题的解答需要考生根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
1．构词法猜词
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unfreseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fre, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fre是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unfreseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
【典例示例】
…Baker cncludes that peple d nt have the ability t sense when they’re being stared at. If peple dubt the utcme f his tw experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see fr themselves.” …
70. The underlined wrd “utcme” in the last paragraph mst prbably means .
A. value B. result
C. perfrmance D. cnnectin
2．利用同义近义词猜词
在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或r，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或r连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
【典例示例】
…Fermat’s Last Therem（定理）, first put frward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the therem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French wman scientists wh made a majr advance in wrking ut the prblem, and wh had t dress like a man in rder t be able t study at the Ecle Plytechnique. …
65. Which f the fllwing best explains the meaning f the wrd “baffle” as it is used in the text?
A. T encurage peple t raise questins.
B. T cause difficulty in understanding.
C. T prvide a persn with an explanatin.
D. T limit peple’s imaginatin.
3．利用反义词猜词
对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词ht and cld, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
【典例示例】
child’s birthday party desn’t have t be a hassle; it can be a basket f fun, accrding t Beth Anacleri, an Evastn mther f tw, ages 4 and 18 mnths. …
74.What des the underlined wrd “hassle” prbably mean?
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thught.
C. A situatin causing difficulty r truble.
D. A demand made by guests.
4．利用上下文语境猜词
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
【典例示例】【2019·天津卷，D】
Wuld yu BET n the future f this man？He is 53 years ld. Mst f his adult life has been a lsing struggle against debt and misfrtune. A war injury has made his left hand stp functining，and he has ften been in prisn. Driven by heaven-knws-what mtives，he determines t write a bk.
The bk turns ut t be ne that has appealed t the wrld fr mre than 350 years. That frmer prisner was Cervantes，and the bk was Dn Quixte（《堂吉诃德》）. And the stry pses an interesting questin: why d sme peple discver new vitality and creativity t the end f their days，while thers g t seed lng befre？
We’ve all knwn peple wh run ut f steam befre they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m nt talking abut thse wh fail t get t the tp. We can’t all get there. I’m talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.
……
52. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 3 prbably mean？
A. End ne’s struggle fr liberty.
B. Waste ne’s energy taking risks.
C. Miss the pprtunity t succeed.
D. Lse the interest t cntinue learning.
5．利用定义和解释猜词
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
【典例示例】
“Organic prduce is always better, ” Gld said. “The fd is free f pesticides (农药), and yu are generally supprting family farms instead f large farms. And mre ften than nt it is lcally (本地)grwn and seasnal, s it is mre tasty.” Gld is ne f a grwing number f shppers buying int the rganic trend, and supermarkets acrss Britain are cunting n mre like him as they grw their rganic fd business.
62. What is the meaning f “the rganic trend” as the wrds are used in the text?
A. Grwing interest in rganic fd.
B. Better quality f rganic fd.
C. Rising market fr rganic fd.
D. Higher prices f rganic fd.
6．根据语义转折猜词
有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：thugh, althugh, still, but, yet, instead, instead f, hwever, while, n the cntrary, n the ther hand, unlike, rather than, fr ne thing, fr anther等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。
【典例示例】
…Hwever bvius these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually nt s bvius as they seem except when we take special pains t think abut the subject.
…
71. In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” prbably means “_____”.
A. try very hard B. take ur time
C. are very unhappy D. feel especially painful
7．利用经验和常识猜词
【典例示例】
…“I was n the way t a persnal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I gt nt Highway 40, blue lights and sirens(警笛) ging, I fell in behind a gld Pntiac Firebird that suddenly seemed t take ff quickly dwn the highway. The driver smehw panicked at the sight f me. He was ging mre than a hundred miles an hur and began passing cars n the shulder.”
63. The meaning f “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related t ___________ .
A. shame B. hate C. anger D. fear
名校资源学练
1
（2023·广东·华南师大附中南海实验高中校考模拟预测）Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. N news is gd news, and gd news is n news. Thse are the classic rules fr the evening bradcasts and the mrning papers. But nw that infrmatin is being spread and mnitred(监控) in different ways, researchers are discvering new rules. By tracking peple’s e-mails and nline psts, scientists have fund that gd news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sb stries.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule wrks fr mass media,” says Jnah Berger, a schlar at the University f Pennsylvania. “They want yur eyeballs and dn’t care hw yu’re feeling. But when yu share a stry with yur friends, yu care a lt mre hw they react. Yu dn’t want them t think f yu as a Debbie Dwner.”
Researchers analyzing wrd-f-muth cmmunicatin—e-mails, Web psts and reviews, face-t-face cnversatins—fund that it tended t be mre psitive than negative(消极的), but that didn’t necessarily mean peple preferred psitive news. Was psitive news shared mre ften simply because peple experienced mre gd things than bad things? T test fr that pssibility, Dr. Berger lked at hw peple spread a particular set f news stries: thusands f articles n The New Yrk Times’ website. He and a Penn clleague analyzed the “mst e-mailed” list fr six mnths. One f his first findings was that articles in the science sectin were much mre likely t make the list than nn-science articles. He fund that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want t share this psitive feeling with thers.
Readers als tended t share articles that were exciting r funny, r that inspired negative feelings like anger r anxiety, but nt articles that left them merely sad. They needed t be arused(激发) ne way r the ther, and they preferred gd news t bad. The mre psitive an article, the mre likely it was t be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new bk, “Cntagius: Why Things Catch On.”
1. What d the classic rules mentined in the text apply t?
A. News reprts.B. Research papers.
C. Private e-mails.D. Daily cnversatins.
2. What can we infer abut peple like Debbie Dwner?
A. They’re scially inactive.
B. They’re gd at telling stries.
C. They’re incnsiderate f thers.
D. They’re careful with their wrds.
3. Which tended t be the mst e-mailed accrding t Dr. Berger’s research?
A. Sprts new.B. Science articles.
C. Persnal accunts.D. Financial reviews.
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Sad Stries Travel Far and Wide
B. Online News Attracts Mre Peple
C. Reading Habits Change with the Times
D. Gd News Beats Bad n Scial Netwrks
2
（2023·吉林长春·高三校考阶段练习）Have yu ever been faced with trying t stay psitive when thers arund yu are negative? A negative persn can bring yu dwn and thrw yur psitive plans ut f the windw. Whether yu deal with a family member, friend r c-wrker wh is negative, there are things yu can d t remain psitive in the face f negativity?
Whatever yu d, dn’t argue with a negative persn. Arguing nly adds fuel t the fire. I have nticed when my children are crabby, it is best t avid trying t cnvince them t analyze and adjust their attitude. As sn as I take the apprach f being in ppsitin t them, the situatin gets wrse befre it gets better. Smetimes the best thing t d is remain silent and let negativity pass.
Yu knw hw difficult it can be t give lve and psitive attentin t negative peple. Unfrtunately, that is ften exactly what they need. A negative persn is usually afraid he is unlvable. Hw d yu shw lve when smene is negative? Yu must listen t what he is trying t tell yu. Acknwledge the feelings he has by saying smething like, “Yu sund very angry right nw.” Hw might yu help a negative persn? Offer a hug even if yu get rejected. A negative persn ften has difficulty accepting lve frm thers.
If yu have negative peple n yur life wh are affecting yur mental and physical health, yu need t decide whether r nt yu want these peple in yur life. Sme peple are s negative that yu have n ther chice but t remve them frm yur life. Hwever, sme peple, such as yur children, are difficult t remve frm yur life, in this case, prfessinal cunseling(咨询) may be the answer.
5. What des the underlined wrd “crabby” in Para.2 mean?
A. Quite excited.B. Very lnely.
C. Easily annyed.D. Highly ptimistic.
6. What’s the main idea f Para.3?
A. Negative peple need care.
B. Negative peple make us happy..
C. Negative peple can be hurt easily.
D. Negative peple are hard t get alng with.
7. What des the authr suggest ding?
A. Fcusing n psitive things.
B. Trying t change negative thughts.
C. Cntrlling ur wn negative thughts.
D. Staying away frm sme negative peple.
8. In which sectin f a magazine can we mst prbably read the text?
A. HealthB. Relatinships
C. LifestylesD. Entertainment.
3
（2023·内蒙古阿拉善盟·统考一模）Sme peple think that success is nly fr thse with talent r thse wh grw up in the right family, and thers believe that success mstly cmes dwn t luck. I’m nt ging t say luck, talent, and circumstances dn’t cme int play because they d. Sme peple are brn int the right family while thers are brn with great intelligence, and that’s just the reality f hw life is.
Hwever, t succeed in life, ne first needs t set a gal and then gradually make it mre practical. And, in additin t that, in rder t get really gd at smething, ne needs t spend at least 10,000 hurs studying and practicing. T becme great at certain things, it’ll require even mre time, time that mst peple wn’t put in.
This is a big reasn why many successful peple advise yu t d smething yu lve. If yu dn’t enjy what yu d, it is ging t feel like unbearable pain and will likely make yu quit well befre yu ever becme gd at it.
When yu see peple exhibiting sme great skills r having achieved great success, yu knw that they have put in a huge part f their life t get there at a huge cst. It’s smetimes easy t think they gt lucky r they were brn with sme rare talent, but thinking that way des yu n gd, and there’s a huge chance that yu’re wrng anyway.
Whatever yu d, if yu want t becme great at it, yu need t wrk day in and day ut, almst t the pint f addictin, and ver a lng perid f time. If yu’re nt willing t put in the time and wrk, dn’t expect t receive any rewards. Cnsistent hard wrk wn’t ensure yu the level f success yu may want, but it will ensure that yu will becme really gd at whatever it is yu put all that wrk int.
9. Paragraph 1 mainly talks abut ________.
A. the meaning f successB. the reasns fr success
C. the standards f successD. the imprtance f success
10. In Paragraph 2, the underlined wrd “that” refers t ______.
A. setting a practical galB. being gd at smething
C. putting in mre timeD. succeeding in life
11. Successful peple suggest ding what ne lves because ______.
A. it takes a lt f time t succeed
B. wrk makes ne feel pain
C. ne gives up his wrk easily
D. ne tends t enjy his wrk
12. What can we infer frm Paragraph 4?
A. Successful peple like t shw their great skills.
B. Peple smetimes succeed withut luck r talent.
C. Peple need t achieve success at the cst f life.
D. It helps t think that luck r talent leads t success.
4
（2023秋·湖北黄石·高三校联考期末）The wrd “sprt” first meant smething that peple did in their free time. Later it ften meant hunting wild animals and birds. Abut a hundred years ag the wrd was first used fr rganized games. This is the usual meaning f the wrd tday. Peple spend a lt f time playing ftball, basketball, tennis and many ther sprts. Such peple play because they leant t. A few peple are paid fr sprt they play. These peple are called prfessinal sprtsmen. They may be sprtsmen fr nly a few years, but during that time the best nes can earn a lt f mney. Fr example, a prfessinal ftball player in England earns mre than 300,000 dllars a year. The stars earn a lt mre. Internatinal glf and tennis champins can make mre than 500,000 dllars a year. Of curse, nly a few sprtsmen can earn as much as that.
Perhaps the mst surprising thing abut sprtsmen and mney is that the stars can earn mre mney frm advertising than frm sprts. An advertisement fr sprts equipment des nt simply mean, “Buy ur things”. It says, “Buy the same shirt and shes as…” Famus sprtsmen can even advertise things like watches and fd. They allw the cmpanies t use their names r a pht f them and they are paid fr this. Sprt is n lnger just smething fr peple’s spare time.
13. Frm the passage we can learn that .
A. famus peple spend t much mney and time n sprts
B. the develpment f sprts is slwer than any ther activity
C. mst peple enjy sprts because they can earn a lt f mney
D. nw sprts is nt nly an amusement fr peple
14. In this passage “prfessinal sprtsmen” means peple “_____________”.
A. wh teach thers hw t make mney in sprts
B. wh take sprts as their jbs
C. wh are very fnd f sprts
D. wh teach ther sprtsmen hw t play sprts
15. Nw, the “sprt” means .
A. what mst f the peple d in their spare time
B. hunting wild animals and birds in the frests
C. rganized games
D. smething that peple are paid t
16. Which f the fllwing is TRUE?
A. Mst peple play sprts nly fr mney.
B. Thse wh play sprts earn mre than thse wh d nt.
C. Peple play sprts fr different purpses.
D. Thse wh play sprts want t keep strng and fit.
5
（2023秋·广东深圳·高三统考期末）On the utside, 12-year-ld Luna seems like yur average kid. It's nt until yu get t knw her that yu learn that Luna is anything but average.
Bm with a heart defect (缺陷)called dextrcardia, Luna has had three pen-heart peratins and cntinues t pursue her interests in art and fashin. But when Luna was apprached by athletic she cmpany Saucny t design a she fr sale acrss the cuntry, it came as quite a surprise.
“This is s incredible. I gt t use my art and creativity fr smething new that I'd never thught I'd be able t design,“ Luna said. She is ne f six patients frm Bstn Children's Hspital ( BCH) wh have partnered with Saucny t design their wn she t launch the Shes with Sul campaign.
“Rather than just a dnatin, we wanted t create an experience and a mment that wuld nt nly raise mney, but als awareness t highlight all the amazing wrk that's being dne at BCH,“ says Chris, Saucny's vice president. “Specifically, we wanted t give sme f the BCH kids an pprtunity t share their stry and their talents with the wrld. ”
Luna's design is fashin. u On the tngue ,they digitalized ne f my drawings, and then n bttm it's a really bright pink clr, and n the inside ,the sle f the she is actually anther drawing I did f a sunset,“ she said. "Thinking abut kids everywhere arund the wrld wearing my she is amazing. It blws my mind.”
The incme frm the she sales will benefit the Bstn Children's Hspital Cardiac Fitness Prgram, which encurages kids t “find yur pssible" thrugh persnalized exercise prgrams tailred fr each individual patient's heart cnditin.
“It feels really gd t help peple and it's really smething I can relate t,“ says Luna. “The advice I wuld give a kid r smene like me is never give up. There are a lt f kids ut there with yur cnditin and yu're nt alne.”
17. What can we learn frm Chris' wrds?
A. It's unwise t raise mney.
B. It's ptinal t seek dnatins.
C. It's wnderful t study art.
D. It's necessary t shw kids' talents.
18. What des Luna mean by “It blws my mind" in paragraph 5?
A. I'm verjyed.B. ['m very serius.
C. My mind ges blank.D. My mind is racing.
19. Which f the fllwing best describes Luna?
A. Gifted and determined.B. Generus and serius.
C. Grateful and helpful.D. Creative and sensitive.
20. What is the text mainly intended t d?
A. Tell us a stry f a disabled girl.
B. Set a gd example t the disabled.
C. Launch Saucny's new brand shes.
D. Intrduce a campaign with kid patients.
6
（2023春·四川绵阳·高三四川省绵阳南山中学校考开学考试）A music talent shw launched by Mang TV has caught the attentin f dmestic TV channel viewers recently. This entertainment prgram, whse Chinese name translates t “Sisters Wh Brave Winds and Waves”, invited 30 established actresses in their thirties, put them up in an apartment where they cmpeted against each ther and then selected five amng them t frm a new star grup.
While yung hpefuls are cmmnly cnsidered t be the prtagnists f music talent shw, “Sisters Wh Brave Winds and Waves” turns ut t be an utlier. Apart frm shwcasing female stars musical talent, this shw tries t deliver a psitive message that age shuld nt be the barrier fr female entertainers t chase their dreams. The reality that mst female entertainers have a shrt “shelf life” needs t be changed.
Attracted by the unique theme f Mang TV’s new shw, many Chinese viewers were desperate fr the shw’s debut. The first episde aired last week received 10 millin views within the first 20 minutes. Fllwing the initial success, Mang Excellent Media’s stck rse by nearly 9% n Friday and anther 7% n Mnday. The cmpany’s market value has nw surpassed 100 billin yuan ($ 14 billin).
The value f this shw was nt nly recgnized by the market, but als the majrity f Chinese viewers. Many netizens made gd cmments n the new shw as it encuraged them t explre their inner ptential n matter hw ld they are. One wrte, “Of curse, yung stars in their late teens and early 20s are beautiful. But I feel mre impressed by these celebrities ver the age f 30.” She went n t say that their cnfidence and ambitin make them shine, and that age is just a number.
The Mang TV’s new shw cmes as a welcme relief, which demnstrates that charm and ambitin is nt limited t the yung age. In fact, such age equality shuld extend t all prfessins t ensure that peple with all ages culd be treated equally in pursuit f their career gals.
21. What des the underlined wrd “utlier” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Surprise.B. Success.
C. Failure.D. Exceptin.
22. Hw did the entertainment market react after Mang TV’s new shw was released?
A. The cmpany’s market value has nw exceeded 14 billin dllars.
B. Mang Excellent Media’s stck rse by nearly 16% ver the weekend.
C. Nearly 10 millin viewers watched the first episde within the first hur.
D. The debut f the new shw did nt affect the cmpany's market value.
23. What d we knw frm the netizen’s cmment n the newly released shw?
A. She thinks yung celebrities are nt attractive t the audience.
B. She hlds the view that Mang TV’s new shw is cnventinal.
C. She believes charm culd make the celebrities shine n matter their age.
D. She cmplains abut age discriminatin in the entertainment industry,.
24. What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A. He/She aims t purse gender equality.
B. He/She prtests against age discriminatin.
C. He/She is a fan f musical shws.
D. He/She dreams abut being an actr/actress.
7
（2023春·四川成都·高三树德中学校考开学考试）
Rund and Rund They G
Space is becming mre crwded. Quite a few lw-Earth-rbit (LEO) satellites have been launched int the sky, which are designed t mve arund the Earth nly a few hundred kilmetres abve its surface. SpaceX and OneWeb plan t launch LEO satellites in their thusands, nt hundreds, t duble the ttal number f satellites in rbit (轨道) by 2027.
That prmises t change things n Earth. LEO satellites can bring Internet cnnectivity t places where it is still unavailable. This will als be a surce f new demand fr the space ecnmy. Mrgan Stanley, a bank, prjects that the space industry will grw frm $350 billin in 2016 t mre than $1.1 trillin by 2040. New Internet satellites will accunt fr half this increase.
Fr that t happen, hwever, three wrries must be vercme. Debris (碎片) is the mst familiar cncern. When enugh satellites were packed int lw-Earth rbits, any cllisin (碰撞) culd cause a chain reactin which wuld eventually destry all spaceships. One slutin is t grab the satellites with prblems and pull them dwn int the Earth’s atmsphere. Anther is t mnitr space mre clsely fr debris. But technlgy is nly part f the answer. Rules are needed t deal with ld satellites safely frm lw-Earth rbits.
Cyber (网络的)-security is a secnd, lng-standing wrry. Hackers (黑客) culd take cntrl f a satellite and steal intellectual prperty, redirect data flws r cause a cllisin. The satellite industry has been slw t respnd t such cncerns. But as mre f the wrld’s ppulatin cmes t rely n the space fr access t the Internet, the need fr actin will intensify. Measures will surely be taken t prtect netwrk security.
The third issue fllws frm the first tw. If there is a simple mistake r a cyber-attack, it may cause a chain reactin which wipes ut hundreds f billins f dllars f investment. Wh is respnsible fr that? Nw the plans f firms wishing t perate large numbers f satellites are being studied. But there is a lng way t g befre the risks are well understd, let alne priced.
As space becmes mre cmmercialized, mind-bending prspects pen up: packages mved acrss the planet in minutes by rcket rather than by plane, equipment sent t ther small planets, passengers launched int rbit and beynd. All that and mre may cme, ne day. But such activities wuld raise the same questins as LEO satellites d. They must be answered befre the space ecnmy can truly develp.
25. What can we learn abut LEO satellites frm the passage?
A. They are suppsed t limit the space ecnmy.
B. They are expected t increase in large numbers.
C. They are designed t mve beynd the Earth as far as pssible.
D. They are mainly intended t bring Internet cnnectivity t remte areas.
26. T deal with debris in space, the authr suggests _______.
A. depending entirely n the mdern technlgy
B. mnitring the mvement f spaceships carefully
C. strengthening rules t remve ld satellites safely
D. destrying all the satellites with prblems instantly
27. What des the underlined wrd “intensify” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Measure.B. Increase.C. Spread.D. Repeat.
28. What is the authr’s attitude tward the launch f LEO satellites?
A. It shuld be further cnfirmed fr its wnership.
B. It shuld be cntinued because f its advantages.
C. It shuld be dne carefully t avid ptential risks.
D. It shuld be stpped in face f the space ecnmy.
8
（2023春·重庆江北·高三重庆十八中校考开学考试）Parents wh want their kids t succeed mre than anything are nw being sld a high-tech slutin. Class 120 is $199-a-year smartphne app that tracks teenagers and alerts parents if the kid isn’t in his r her scheduled class.
Is it a gd idea fr parents t track whether their yung adults are in class? In shrt: N. This is a terrible idea.
One f the fundamental purpses f a cllege is learning t be an independent persn. That means learning hw t d what needs t be dne, whether ne particularly feels like ding it r nt.
It’s easy t see why parents are keen n tracking their kids. A student is admitted t cllege by a prcess that fcuses mainly n grades and scres. Mnitring grades and scres is easy. The parents may think that:
“Our child is succeeding. We are gd parents. We are happy.” But grades and scres can’t tell everything.
They dn’t take int accunt whether their kids have the strength f self-discipline (自律) and the skill needed t care fr himself r herself.
Mnitring the develpment f character is much harder fr parents. Character grwth happens thrugh encuntering (遇到) and learning t deal with disappintments and failure. Yu never knw which prblem will be the pint fr grwth.
Hwever, letting kids fail can be really difficult fr anxius parents. They believe that success means being perfect and never failing. The truth is that kids need t learn t fail.
Cllege is an ideal place t practice adults’ respnsibility and independence. Students need t make their wn decisins abut whether t get ut f bed and g t wrk in the mrning.
Maybe yur child hasn’t learned this lessn by nw, but he r she has t learn it smetime. An alarm clck’s jb is t wake yu up, but it des nt prvide a reasn.
29. What’s authr’s attitude tward tracking teenagers?
A. Supprtive.B. Oppsed.C. Indifferent.D. Disappinted.
30. Accrding t the authr, what’s the mst imprtant thing shuld a cllege student learn in schl?
A. Aviding failure.B. Keeping healthy.
C. Prfessinal knwledge.D. Living independently.
31. What’s the authr’s pinin n failure?
A. Failure means that a kid is nt gd enugh.
B. Failure may be the key part f kid’s develpment.
C. Everyne shuld manage t avid failure at any time.
D. Failure will bring many negative influences t children.
32. What des the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph?
A. An alarm clck is necessary fr a kid.
B. A kid shuld buy a talking alarm clck.
C. A kid shuld get up early fr learning withut any reasn.
D. A kid shuld always maintain a sense f respnsibility and independence.
9
（2023秋·陕西西安·高三西安市铁一中学校考期末）On April 30. 2020, the wrld's mst famus musicians met nline t celebrate the tenth Internatinal Jazz Day. with the hpe t revive jazz music and explre its pssibility as a unifying vice acrss cultures.
Despite the celebratins, thugh, the jazz audience cntinues t grw lder because the music has failed t attract the yunger generatins. It's their jb t help change that.
Jasn Mran, the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser fr jazz, was ne f the musicians. He hpes t widen the audience fr jazz and make the music mre accessible and enjyable.
“Jazz seems like it's nt really a part f the American appetite （胃 口）. " Mran tells Natinal Public Radi's reprter Neal Cnan. "I hpe that the yunger generatins understand that jazz is nt black anymre. It's actually clrful, and it's actually digital.
Mran says ne f the prblems with jazz tday is that the fun side f the music has been lst. “Tday, the music can't be presented the way it was in 1908 r 1958. It has t cntinue t mve, because the way the wrld wrks is nt the same. " says Mran.
Last year, Mran wrked n a prject that arranged Fats Waller's music fr a dance party, “I just wanted t put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is cncert music. says Mran. “Fr me, it's just t re — cntextualize. Smetimes we lse sight that the music has a wider cntext. It can be adapted t（适应）different situatins.
During the interview, he asked- "In music, where des the feeling lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight（感悟）n hw t talk abut urselves and hw a Fats Waller recrd gets us int a dialgue abut ur emtins and ur thughts?”
He added that mst f the musicians have recgnized the need and agreed t cntinue thse dialgues fr the year.
33. Why did the musicians meet nline n April 30?
A. T celebrate the Jazz Day.B. T shw the value f jazz.
C. T remember the birth f jazz.D. T prtect different jazz cultures.
34. What des the underlined wrd “re — cntextualize" in paragraph 6 mean?
A. T mix jazz with ther music.
B. T adapt t different situatins.
C. T be perfrmed by different bands.
D. T play with mre advanced instruments.
35. What des Mran think f jazz?
A. It will disappear gradually.B. It shuld be black and white.
C. It has t keep up with the times.D. It has becme mre ppular.
36. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. The Rise and Fall f JazzB. Gals Set fr Jazz Day 2020
C. The Stry f a Jazz MusicianD. The New Prblems With Jazz
10
（2023春·广东广州·高三广东广雅中学校考阶段练习）We have t make certain ur limited mney is well spent. But what shuld we spend ur mney n? A 20-year study cnducted by Dr. Gilvich, a prfessr at Crnell University, reached a pwerful and straightfrward cnclusin: dn't spend yur mney n things.
The truble with things is that the happiness they prvide peters ut. We get used t new pssessins, and what nce seemed exciting quickly becmes the nrm. We keep raising the bar and always lk fr an even better ne. Pssessins, by their nature, cause cmparisns. We buy a new car and are thrilled with it until a friend buys a better ne — and there's always smene with a better ne. Mst f us usually assume that the happiness we get frm buying smething will last as lng as the thing itself. It seems intuitive (直觉的) that investing in smething we can see, hear, and tuch n a permanent basis delivers the best value. But it's nt the case at all.
Gilvich has fund that experiences deliver mre-lasting happiness than things. Experiences becme a part f ur identity. Everyne's experience is unique. We are nt ur pssessins, but we are the accumulatin f everything we’ve seen, the things we’ve dne, and the places we’ve been t. “Our experiences are a bigger part f urselves than ur material gds,” said Gilvich. “Yu can really like yur material stuff. Yu can even think that part f yur identity is cnnected t thse things, but they remain separate frm yu. In cntrast, yur experiences really are part f yu. We are the sum ttal f ur experiences.”
Besides, we dn't cmpare experiences in the same way that we cmpare things. It’s hard t quantify the relative value f any tw experiences, which makes them that much mre enjyable. And expectatin f an experience causes excitement and enjyment, while expectatin f btaining a pssessin causes impatience. Experiences are enjyable frm the very first mments f planning, all the way thrugh t the memries yu keep frever. The temprary happiness achieved by buying things can be regarded as “puddles f pleasure”. In ther wrds, that kind f happiness evaprates quickly and leaves us wanting mre. Things may last lnger than experiences, but the memries that remain are what matter mst.
37. Which ne can replace the underlined wrds in paragraph 2?
A. Dies away.B. Is t little.
C. Is nt real.D. Csts t much.
38. What des Gilvich think f experiences?
A. Experiences deliver less-lasting happiness than things.
B. Experiences can exist in ur memry frever.
C. Our experiences take up all parts f urselves.
D. Our experiences are what separate us frm thers.
39. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Spiritual wealth is f great value t us.
B. Experiences can be cmpared with each ther.
C. Expecting an experience increases ur feeling f anxiety.
D. Peple are mre likely t be impatient when buying things.
40. Which is the main idea f the passage?
A. Hw can we gain happiness with mney?
B. Hw can we make happiness last lng?
C. Why shuld we spend mney n experiences instead f things?
D. Why d experiences achieve permanent happiness than things?
11
（2023·山西阳泉·统考三模）At the age f seven, while his friends were spending their pcket mney n unimprtant things like candy and tys, Jse was busy saving mney fr mre necessary things. T try t get his peers t d the same, the yungster frm Peru came up with the new idea f an ec-bank, which allws kids f all ages t becme ecnmically independent and financially intelligent - while als helping the envirnment.
Funded in 2012, the Bartselana Student Bank is the wrld's first cperative bank fr kids. Pssible members have t bring in at least 5 kilgrams f slid waste and set a savings gal. Once accepted, all bank partners are required t bank at least ne additinal kilgram f recyclables n a mnthly basis. The waste is sld t lcal recycling cmpanies. The funds received are placed in the individual's accunt where they cllect until his/her savings gal is reached. The accunt hlder can then take ut his/her mney, r chse t leave it and cntinue t grw fr a bigger gal.
The yungster's determinatin paid ff, and by 2013, the Bartselana Student Bank had ver 200 members. Things have nly imprved since. Tday, the ec-bank is prud f ten educatinal centers. They are designed t teach ver 3,000 teenagers t becme ecnmically independent, invest(投资) wisely, and help the envirnment. Nw the Bartselana Student Bank began accepting applicatins frm kids all acrss Peru. Nt surprisingly, Jse's effrts have earned the yungster several natinal and internatinal awards, which wn him abut $ 5,500.
“Jse's ec-bank is a brilliant way f linking ecnmy and climate effect, bth in thught and practice. The system clearly shws that the planet's cmmn resurces are limited and that we must recycle the prducts we n lnger use,” a judge said. “It creates viewpint f cnsumptin(消费). This way caring abut the envirnment becmes an investment, a system that gives children bth ecnmic independence and pwer t influence the climate. The ptential impact is amazing.”
41. In which aspect des Jse stand ut frm ther kids?
A. He did better at studies.
B. He didn't like candy and tys.
C. He managed his pcket mney mre wisely.
D. He came frm a wealthy family backgrund.
42. What des “all bank partners” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Lcal recycling cmpanies.B. The kids bringing in recyclables.
C. The bank staff wrking in the bank.D. The custmers saving mney.
43. What des the authr mainly want t tell us by the examples in Paragraph3?
A. Jse's pineering effrts were richly rewarded.
B. Jse helped 3000 teenagers pay ff their debts.
C. Jse cntributed t the envirnmental prtectin.
D. Jse's idea helped him win a prize wrth $5.500.
44. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Kids in Peru Are Changing Their Cnsumptin Habits.
B. Peru Kids Learned t Becme Ecnmically Independent.
C. Jse's Idea is Raising Viewpints f Envirnmental Prtectin.
D. A Peru Ec-Bank Teaches Kids Abut Finance And Recycling.
12
（2023春·上海·高三同济大学第一附属中学校考阶段练习）Mre than a scre f Australian rare mammals have been killed by wild cats. These predatr(扑食者), which arrived with Eurpean settlers, still threaten native wildlife-and are t plentiful n the mainland t eliminate, as has been achieved n sme small islands which were previusly filled with them. But Alexandra Rss f the University f New Suth Wales thinks she has cme up with a different way t deal with the prblem. As she writes in a paper in the Jurnal f Applied Eclgy, she is giving feline(猫科的)-awareness lessns t wild animals invlved in her intrductin prgrams, in rder t try t make them cat-cnscius.
Many Australian mammals, thugh nt actually extinct, are restricted t fragments f cat-free habitat. This will, hwever, put the frced migrants back in the sights f the cats that caused the prblem in the first place. Training the migrants while they are in captivity, using stuffed mdels and the srts f sunds made by cats, has prved expensive and ineffective. Ms Rss therefre wndered whether putting them in large natural enclsures with a scattering f predatrs might serve as a frm f training camp t prepare them fr intrductin int their new, cat-ridden hmes.
She tested this idea n a type f bandict(袋狸)that superficially resembles a rabbit. She and her clleagues raised tw hundred bandicts in a huge enclsure that als cntained five wild cats. As a cntrl, she raised a nearly identical ppulatin in a similar enclsure withut the cats. She left animals t get n with life fr tw years, which, given that bandicts breed fur times a year and live fr arund eight years, was a cnsiderable perid fr them. After sme predatin(扑食)and prbably sme learning, she abstracted 21 bandict frm each enclsure, attached radi transmitters t them and released them int a third enclsure that had ten hungry cats in it. She then mnitred what happened next. The utcme was that the training wrked. Over the subsequent 40 days ten f the untrained animals were eaten by cats, but nly fur f the trained nes. One particular behaviral difference she nticed was that bandicts brught up in a predatr-free envirnment were much mre likely t sleep alne than were thse brught up arund cats. And when are arund, sleeping alne is dangerus. Hw well bandicts that have undergne this extreme training will survive in the wild remains t be seen. But Ms Rss has at least prv reasn fr hpe.
45. What can be learned frm the first paragraph?
A. The feline-awareness lessns have prved ineffective.
B. There are t many wild cats t be killed in Australia.
C. Different ways have been tried t hunt and kill wildlife.
D. Native wildlife has been threatened by grwing ppulatin
46. The frced migrants in the secnd paragraph refer t_______
A. Australian mammals restricted t certain areas
B. The wild cats tracking dwn the mammals
C. Wild animals invlved in the prgram
D. The predatrs captured by the animal trainers
47. Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut the first tw enclsures?
A. They were bth clsely mnitred.
B. They had 200 bandicts in ttal.
C. They had similar natural envirnment.
D. They bth had wild cats in them.
48. What was the finding f Ms Rss’ research prject?
A. Untrained bandicts failed t identify cats.
B. Training bandicts prepared them t fight cats.
C. Sleeping alne in the wild was dangerus.
D. Bandicts culd be trained t avid predatrs.
13
（2023秋·北京·高三101中学校考阶段练习）Elizabeth Spelke, a cgnitive (认知的) psychlgist at Harvard, has spent her career testing the wrld's mst cmplex learning system-the mind f a baby. Babies might seem like n match fr artificial intelligence (AI). They are terrible at labeling images, hpeless at mining text, and awful at vide games. Then again, babies can d things beynd the reach f any AI. By just a few mnths ld, they’ve begun t grasp the fundatins f language, such as grammar. They’ve started t understand hw t adapt t unfamiliar situatins.
Yet even experts like Spelke dn’t understand precisely hw babies — r adults, fr that matter — learn. That gap pints t a puzzle at the heart f mdern artificial intelligence: We're nt sure what t aim fr.
Cnsider ne f the mst impressive examples f AI, Alpha Zer, a prgramme that plays bard games with superhuman skill. After playing thusands f games against itself at a super speed, and learning frm winning psitins, Alpha Zer independently discvered several famus chess strategies and even invented new nes. It certainly seems like a machine eclipsing human cgnitive abilities. But Alpha Zer needs t play millins mre games than a persn during practice t learn a game. Mst imprtantly, it cannt take what it has learned frm the game and apply it t anther area.
T sme AI experts, that calls fr a new apprach. In a Nvember research paper, Francis Chllet, a well-knwn AI engineer, argued that it’s misguided t measure machine intelligence just accrding t its skills at specific tasks. “Humans dn’t start ut with skills; they start ut with a brad ability t acquire new skills,” he says. “What a strng human chess player is demnstrating is nt nly the ability t play chess, but the ptential t fulfill any task f a similar difficulty.” Chllet psed a set f prblems, each f which requires an AI prgramme t arrange clred squares n a grid (格栅) based n just a few prir examples. It’s nt hard fr a persn. But mdern machine-learning prgrammes-trained n huge amunts f data — cannt learn frm s few examples.
Jsh Tenenbaum, a prfessr in MIT's Center fr Brains, Minds & Machines, wrks clsely with Spelke and uses insights frm cgnitive science as inspiratin fr his prgrammes. He says much f mdern AI misses the bigger picture, cmparing it t a cartn abut a tw-dimensinal wrld ppulated by simple gemetrical (几何形的) peple. AI prgrammes will need t learn in new ways — fr example, by drawing causal inferences rather than simply finding patterns. “At sme pint — yu knw, if yu’re intelligent — yu realize maybe there's smething else ut there,” he says.
49. Cmpared t an advanced AI prgramme, a baby might be better at _______________.
A. labeling imagesB. identifying lcatins
C. playing gamesD. making adjustments
50. What des the underlined wrd “eclipsing” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Stimulating.B. Measuring.C. Beating.D. Limiting.
51. Bth Francis Chllet and Jsh Tenenbaum may agree that _______________.
A. AI is gd at finding similar patterns
B. AI shuld gain abilities with less training
C. AI lacks the ability f generalizing a skill
D. AI will match humans in cgnitive ability
52. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. What is exactly intelligence?
B. Why is mdern AI advanced?
C. Where is human intelligence ging?
D. Hw d humans tackle the challenge f AI?
14
（2023秋·北京·高三北师大实验中学校考开学考试）
Remving gender bias
Tailrs wrked ut lng ag that men and wmen have different shapes. Yet this message has failed t enter many ther areas f design. Car seat belts, fr example, which date back t the 1880s, are ften still mre suitable fr men, wh tend t sit farther back than wmen when driving. And tday the mst frward-lking tech cmpanies n Earth are still placing ld-schl bias (偏见；成见) int new prducts. Cnsider smart phnes. Mst are t big t fit cmfrtably int the average wman’s hand, as are many vide-game cntrllers.
An bvius part f the explanatin fr their design prblem is that men cntrl mst f its cmpanies—male-run firms receive 82% f venture-capital (VC) funding. Male bsses may be unaware f the prblems wmen face. They may nt flag up bvius areas f cncern, r ask the right questins when ding their research fr a new prduct design. And nce an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by prduct-design and engineering teams, three-quarters f whse members are men. These teams ften use data t make decisins, but mixing all users tgether means they may fail t spt trends based n sex differences. Dependence n histrical data, and the lack f data n underrepresented grups, can als create bias in algrithms (算法).
Next cmes testing. Naturally, designers test riginal mdels n their intended custmers, but they may nt get feedback frm a brad enugh grup f peple. There is als the risk f cnfirmatin bias—designers may listen t what they want t hear, and ignre negative reactins frm sme grups f users.
Tech’s design bias needs fixing fr mral, safety and business reasns. The ethical imprtance is bvius: it is wrng that wmen have t make d with a “ne-size-fits-men” wrld, as Carline Criad Perez, a writer, puts it. As fr safety, regulatrs can tackle that by banning things that are dangerus t wmen—including seat belts—because they are n! designed prperly.
But there is als a pwerful business case fr aviding design bias, because huge pprtunities are being missed. Wmen are 50% f the ppulatin, and make 70—80% f the wrld’s cnsumer-spending decisins.
Change is cming. The first vice-recgnitin systems struggled t understand female vices, but mst nw manage just fine. “Femtech” start-up cmpanies, which fcus n wmen’s health and well-being, may raise MYM 1 billin by the end f this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring mre wmen. Ensuring that prducts are designed fr everyne wuld lead t happier and safer custmers. Fr the cmpanies that get it right, that means higher prfits. What is hlding them back?
53. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A. hits the marketB. gets apprval
C. becmes successfulD. cmes int being
54. What is discussed in Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. Why tech’s design bias needs t be fixed.
B. Hw gender bias is affecting tech cmpanies.
C. Where gender bias in prduct design is rted.
D. Wh is t blame fr gender bias in tech cmpanies.
55. We can learn frm the passage that ________.
A. tech cmpanies are unwilling t change
B. design bias may result in missed pprtunities
C. male wrkers benefit mre in engineering teams
D. tech cmpanies are pr at making user-friendly prducts
56. Hw des the authr feel abut the future f bias-free prduct design?
A. Uncertain.B. Sceptical.
C. Psitive.D. Negative.
15
（2023秋·江苏淮安·高三江苏省淮安中学校考期末）The biggest challenge faced by travelers especially thse wh like t have a hiking trip is hw t ensure a steady supply f clean clthes. Nw, thanks t a great inventin called Scrubba Wash Pack, that wrry may be a thing f the past.
The prtable washing machine was invented by Ash Newland in 2010, while planning t climb Mt. Kilimanjar. Struck by the limited packing space, he gt inspiratin frm traditinal washbards t create a bag that culd be used t clean clthes. Then he gave up his career as a lawyer and fcused n perfecting the bag’s design. By 2012, the bag was ready fr the public. It weighed nly 180 grams and required very little strage space, making it perfect fr anyne wishing t travel light.
Nt surprisingly, the bag wrth 55 dllars was an instant hit with travelers, university students and even passengers. Hwever, Newland was nt satisfied. He still saw a disadvantage with his inventin – dirty clthes had t be carried arund in a separate bag! The recently intrduced Scrubba Wash Pack slves that prblem.
In rder t make the pack active, dirty clthes are placed inside the bag alng with tw t three liters f water. The bag is then shut tightly t ensure all air is squeezed ut and the clthes are massaged (揉搓) fr a few minutes. After a quick wash, they are clean and ready t be dried. Accrding t Newland, the pack can clean anything frm jeans t smelly scks! What’s even
mre amazing is that with a capacity t hld 13 liters f water, it can be used t wash mre clthes at a time.
The best part is that the 99-dllar pack that will be available fr sale later this year, nly weighs 300 grams and is cmpletely fldable, making it easy t stre when it’s nt in use. With the Scrubba Wash Pack, wandering thrugh freign cities searching fr a washing shp, r paying fr washing machines may sn be a thing f the past!
57. What arused Ash Newland’s desire t create the Scrubba Wash Bag?
A. Travelers’ requirements.B. His wn experience.
C. His dream f inventin.D. A traditinal washbard.
58. Why wasn’t Ash Newland satisfied with his frmer inventin?
A. The bag was nt cnvenient enugh.
B. The bag was nt ppular with travelers.
C. The bag culdn’t wash mre clthes at a time.
D. The bag culdn’t be flded up.
59. Which wrd can best replace the underlined wrd in paragraph4?
A. Blwn.B. Pushed
C. Figured.D. Run.
60. It can be inferred that the imprved Wash Pack ______.
A. will lighten the burden n husewives
B. will replace the traditinal washing machines
C. will be widely used by mre travelers in the future
D. can encurage mre peple t travel a lng distance
16
（2023秋·江苏扬州·高三扬州中学校考期末）Metal-rganic framewrks (MOFs) are cmpunds(化合物;复合物) that are set t slve sme tugh challenges: prducing water in the desert, remving greenhuse gases frm the air and string dangerus gases mre safely.
The Arizna desert is really dry. Anyne stuck in it withut water wuld die frm dehydratin (脱水) within three days, unless he had ne f Omar Yaghi's next-generatin water harvesters, wh is a chemist at the University f Califrnia, Berkeley. Althugh daytime wetness is nly abut 10 percent, this rises t 40 percent at night, which means there's enugh water in the atmsphere t supprt life - if it can be transfrmed int liquid frm.
That's exactly what Yaghi's inventin des. It's abut the size f a small micrwave ven, designed t suck the water frm the air at night and turn it int drinking water the next day using nly the heat f the sun as its pwer surce. What makes it wrk is a special material called a MOF, which at nrmal temperatures attracts water mlecules (分子) nt the surface f its internal small hles. Warm it up and get the water, each harvest prducing ne-third f a cup f pure drinking water. "A device the size f a washing machine culd prduce enugh water fr the basic needs f a husehld," says Yaghi.
These crystalline (结晶的) grups f metals linked by rganic mlecules can be made int materials with an extremely high absrptin ability, attracting specific mlecules t their surfaces. In this way, MOFscling ta variety f liquids and gases.
MOFs wrk thanks t their distinctive structure. In fact, ne MOF the size f a sugar cube has s many small hles that they wuld cver an area as large as six ftball fields. MOFs are als extremely stable, light and have many different uses: their mlecular structure can be varied t attract specific mlecules. Adding a small amunt f heat r pressure causes the MOF t give what it's hlding. Mre than 70,000 different MOFs have been prduced t date fr varius applicatins.
61. Why is the Arizna desert mentined in the secnd paragraph?
A. T intrduce water harvesters.
B. T stress the imprtance f water.
C. T shw the severity f its cnditin.
D. T express the urgent need fr water there.
62. What plays a vital rle in water harvesters?
A. Slar energy.
B. Water mlecules.
C. Metal-rganic framewrks.
D. MOFs' internal small hles.
63. Which can explain the phrase "cling t" underlined in paragraph 4?
A. Give ff. B. Tum int. C. Hld nt. D. Break dwn.
64. What will prbably be cvered in the fllwing paragraphs?
A. The future f the MOF technlgy.
B. Other uses f the MOF technlgy.
C. The imprvement t the MOF technlgy.
D. Pssible limitatins f the MOF technlgy.
17
（2023春·宁夏银川·高三银川一中校考阶段练习）If yu make list f the wrld’s tp ten mst challenging jbs, chances are that being a teacher will nt make the cut. But think abut the discuraging task millins f educatrs face each day as they try t shape grup f ften bad-tempered, wild kids int intelligent, well-runded individuals. That surely has t be the tughest jb in the wrld, especially given that there is n prmtin r bnus awaiting them even if they are wildly successful!
What if these all-imprtant individuals that we ften take fr granted disappear frm ur lives? That was what Prject Ed and Participant Media’s Teach campaign asked filmmakers f all ages t imagine in their recently-held cmpetitin Entitled “A Wrld Withut Teachers”, its purpse was t inspire mre yung peple t becme teachers. Hwever, the 62 amazing vide submissins als serve as a reminder f hw hrrible things wuld be if we didn’t have these selfless individuals guiding us thrugh life. What was interesting is that even the yungest participants did nt appear t be happy at the idea f nt having anybdy telling them what t d.
High-schl student Savannah Wakefield reflected if art as we knw it tday wuld have been different withut teachers. Wuld Mnet have discvered his talent fr impressinism? Ls Angeles-based Miles Hrst, wh wn the 1000 USD prize fr the best adult submissin imagines a wrld where teachers are replaced by a “brain bx” in his fun lively entry.
Yuth categry winner Marina Barham’s vide represents a fact we all knw but ften frget. Teachers dn’t just teach, they inspire-smething that n electrnic device, n matter hw smart, can d! S the next time yu think yur teacher is being “mean” fr trying t channel yu in the right directin, imagine life withut him/her. We have feeling it will nt appear as rsy!
65. Frm the passage we can learn that ________.
A. teaching naughty kids is a very discuraging task
B. teachers have little influence n kids’ individual develpment
C. a successful teacher has the greatest chance t be prmted
D. being a teacher is ne f the mst challenging jbs in the wrld
66. What is the purpse f the prject “A Wrld Withut Teachers”?
A. T attract kids t submit mre vides f their teachers.
B. T remind students t appreciate teachers’ hard wrk.
C. T expect teachers t devte themselves t their jbs.
D. T encurage mre peple t g int teaching career.
67. What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 suggest?
A. A wrld withut teachers will be unimaginable.
B. The future f teachers’ wrk appears inspiring.
C. Teaching is quite different frm ther jbs.
D. Many peple attach mre imprtance t teaching
68. What is the best title f the passage?
A. A survey f peple’s views abut teachers.
B. The campaign t prmte teachers’ status.
C. The significance f teachers.
D. A cmpetitin t win the prize fr the best teacher.
18
（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考一模）Researchers at the University f Sctland have discvered a prtein that can influence viruses develping and even can cntrl cancer. Nw the fight is n t fully understand hw it wrks in the hpe f turning the labratry research int a treatment.
The prtein is called Hira. Technically it is a histne（组蛋白）cmplex, but it is easier t understand in terms f what it can d. Three years ag Dr Taranjit Singh Rai and clleagues at the Beatsn Cancer Institute and Glasgw University reprted that Hira culd pssibly suppress the divisin f cells that causes cancer. In the curse f that research, Dr Rai fund ut smething unusual. In the lab they have established that the Hira prtein has a rle t play in the anti-viral fight, thus, making it have a fundamental rle t play in fighting against cancer.
The trick in using it t fight diseases may lie in increasing Hira levels in ur cells. “I think what researchers might be interested in is hw we can increase levels f this prtein t deal with the viruses better, Dr Rai said.
Dr Rai has led an internatinal study and supprt has cme frm Cancer Research UK and the results are published in the jurnal Nucleic Acids Research. But there is a majr cncern that the research is still limited t the labratry.
It is ging t take sme time, prbably years, befre this wrk can mve ut f the lab and int clinics and hspitals. But the researchers are excited Hira will ne day be the basis f a new apprach in medicine.
69. What des the underlined wrd “suppress" in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Mtivate.B. Mnitr.C. Cntrl.D. Imprve.
70. What can be knwn frm the text?
A. Hira has been used in the medical treatment.
B. Mre studies shuld be dne n Hira.
C. The levels f Hira in cells are unchangeable.
D. Hira can bring abut side effects.
71. What is the researchers' attitude t the future f Hira?
A. Cautius.B. Optimistic.
C. Disapprving.D. Dubtful.
72. What's the text mainly abut?
A. A new way t use the prtein.
B. A new apprach t imprving the divisin f cells.
C. A new medicine that can fight diseases.
D. A prtein that can stp viruses develping.