专题15 人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系

这是一份专题15 人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系，文件包含专题15人类生存社会发展与环境的关系原卷版docx、专题15人类生存社会发展与环境的关系解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共15页， 欢迎下载使用。
单词&短语
1____________n.日晒，晒黑；晒伤
挣扎，奋斗，努力
3.____________n.十年，十年期
4.____________n.冗员，额外人员；[口]特级品，特大号商品；超级市场adj.特级的，极好的，非凡的
5.____________n.饥饿，渴望v.使饥饿；渴望
6.____________n.产量，输出；输出量
7.____________adj.引起烦恼的，令人不安的vt.扩大，扩展，张开，使发，详谈；引申
9.____________v.循环，流通；传递；传播；流传
10.____________n.战役，战斗v.搏斗，奋斗
11.____________adv.因此，所以
12.____________vt.摆脱，除去；扔掉；丢弃；消除；赶走
13.____________n.自由，自主
14.____________v.配备，装备；使有所准备，使有能力
15.____________v.输出，出口；传播n.输出(品)
16.____________n.国籍；(构成国家一部分的)民族
17.____________n.工作，职业，占领；消遣；使用；居住
18.____________v.使迷惑，使为难；混淆；搞错
19.____________n.发现，发觉，—discver v.发现
20.____________v.集中，聚焦，n.焦点，中心点
21.prtect rare animals and plants____________________________
22.ppularize envirnmental prtectin knwledge____________________________
23.enhance the awareness f the imprtance f envirnmental prtectin________________________
24.imprve the ec-envirnment____________________________
25.develp slar energy____________________________
26.prvide habitats fr a huge number f wild animals and plants____________________________
27.supply water and fd fr human beings____________________________
28.pay great attentin t the cnservatin f frest____________________________
29.result in a series f prblems____________________________
30.helps lw dwn the pace f glbal warming____________________________
完形高频短语
1.abve all____________________________
2.after all____________________________
3.apart frm____________________________
4.as a result f____________________________
5.as fr____________________________
6.as if____________________________
7.as/s lng as____________________________
8.as t____________________________
9.as usual____________________________
10.as well____________________________
11.as well as____________________________
12.at least____________________________
13.at mst____________________________
14.at times____________________________
15.befre lng____________________________
16.by all/n means____________________________
17.by chance____________________________
18.calm dwn____________________________
19.due t____________________________
20.even s____________________________
21.even if/thugh____________________________
22.except fr____________________________
23.ever since____________________________
24.far frm____________________________
25.fr lack f____________________________
26.get rid f____________________________
27.in additin____________________________
28.in additin(t)____________________________
29.in a hurry____________________________
30.in case(f)____________________________
31.in detail____________________________
32.in exchange fr____________________________
33.in favur f____________________________
34.in fact____________________________
35.in need f____________________________
36.in ther wrds____________________________
37.in return____________________________
38.in shrt____________________________
39.in spite f________________________
40.in the end____________________________
41.instead f____________________________
42.in stre(fr sb.)____________________________
43.in terms f____________________________
44.in time____________________________
45.in turn____________________________
46.in vain____________________________
47.nw and then____________________________
48.nw that____________________________
49.n behalf f____________________________
50.n purpse____________________________
51.n the cntrary____________________________
52.n the whle____________________________
53.nce again____________________________
54.nce in a while____________________________
55.nce mre____________________________
56.ther than____________________________
57.ut f place____________________________
58.ut f sight____________________________
59.rather than____________________________
60.s far____________________________
词汇拓展
1. rather than用作连词，连接两个平行结构。既可以表示主观愿望上的抉择，“与其……宁可……”,也可以表示客观程度上的差异，“与其说是……不如说是……”。
I,___________yu,shuld d the wrk.该做这工作的是我，而不是你。
I think I'll have a cld drink___________cffee.我想喝冷饮，而不是咖啡。
Yu are ding this fr yurself___________ fr yur friend.
你不是为你朋友，而是为你自己做这种事。
I always prefer starting early,___________leaving everything t the last minute.
我一直都是尽早开始做事，而不是把所有事情都留到最后。
She insisted n having the rm papered ___________painted.
她坚持要用纸裱糊房间，而不是把房间粉刷一下。
I decided t write___________telephne.我决定写信而不是打电话。
I prefer t wrk___________remain idle.我宁愿工作也不愿闲着。
He tld a lie___________get his friend int truble.他宁愿说谎也不愿连累朋友。
It was what he had eaten___________what he had drunk that made him ill.
使他得病的不是他喝的东西，而是他吃的东西。
2.as well as用于本义，可视为as... as结构与well的自然搭配，其意为“与……一样好”。
用于引申义，表示“不但……而且”“既是……也是”“而且”“还”。
as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，作“也，还”解。它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提
及。因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一项一致；而用nt als...连接时，谓语动词与后一项一致。
He sings___________,if nt better than,Mary.要是他唱歌不比玛丽唱得更好，但至少也是一样好。
He grws flwers___________vegetables.他既种菜也种花。
___________learning t swim he has been taking Spanish lessns this summer.
今年夏天，他除了学习游泳外，还在上西班牙语课。
He speaks Spanish___________English and French.他不仅会说英语和法语，还会说西班牙语。
Tm___________his parents is ging t Lndn.汤姆和他的父母要去伦敦。
【联想】 as well常用作状语，作“又；也”解，相当于t或als,常位于句末，无须用逗号与句子分开。
如：China is a scialist cuntry,and a develping cuntry as well.
中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
I nt nly play the guitar,I sing as well(=I als sing).我不但弹吉他，而且还演唱。
活学活用
一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.It's yu, rather than he, that___________(be)t blame fr the accident.
2.S far the teacher as well as the students___________(see)the film.
3.She stared ut f the windw,____________(lse)in a daydream.
4.He gave me sme tmates in exchange___________a lift int twn.
5.Althugh___________(face)a terrible situatin,we shuldn't lse cntrl r drink t much.
二、翻译句子
1.只要你努力学习，就一定会达到预定的目的。(as lng as)
________________________________________________________
2.学生应学会如何充分利用时间发展各项技能。(make use f)
________________________________________________________
3.银行经理问他的助手能否在一周制定出投资计划。(wrk ut)
________________________________________________________
4.我要到伦敦去，我妹妹也要去。(as well)
________________________________________________________
第二部分 话题阅读训练
（A）阅读理解
If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed frm Plymuth, England, t Nrth America－and their Mayflwer had been stcked with bttled water and plastic­wrapped snacks，their plastic waste wuld likely still be arund fur centuries later.Atlantic waves and sunlight wuld have wrn all that plastic int tiny bits. And thse bits might still be flating arund the wrld's ceans tday, waiting t be eaten by sme fish r ysters, and finally perhaps by ne f us.
Because plastic wasn't invented until the late 19th century, and its prductin nly really tk ff arund 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billin tns f the stuff t deal with. Of that, mre than 6.9 billin tns have becme waste. And f that waste，a surprising 6.3 billin tns never made it t a recycling bin－the figure that shcked the scientists wh published the numbers in 2017.
N ne knws hw much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the cean, the earth's last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, an engineering prfessr f the University f Gergia，caught everyne's attentin with a rugh estimate：between 5.3 millin and 14 millin tns f plastic waste each year just cme frm castal regins.
Meanwhile, cean plastic is estimated t kill millins f marine(海洋的) animals every year. Nearly 700 species，including endangered nes, are knwn t have been affected by it. Sme are harmed visibly, stuck by abandned things made f plastic.Many mre are prbably harmed invisibly.Marine species f all sizes, frm zplanktn t whales, nw eat micrplastics, the bits smaller than ne­fifth f an inch acrss.
“This isn't a prblem that we dn't knw what the slutin is，” says Ted Siegler, a Vermnt resurce ecnmist wh has spent mre than 25 years wrking with develping natins n garbage.“We knw hw t pick up garbage. Anyne can d it.We knw hw t deal with it. We knw hw t recycle. It's a matter f building the necessary institutins and systems ideally befre the cean turns int a thin sup f plastic.”
1．Why des the authr mentin the Pilgrims in Paragraph 1?
A．T prve plastic was difficult t invent.
B．T intrduce what marine animals like eating.
C．T tell the Pilgrims cntributed a lt t the marine prtectin.
D．T shw plastic waste has a lasting effect n the cean.
2．What's the main truble marine animals face accrding t the text?
A．Lacking prtectin.
B．Being stuck by plastics.
C．Being caught by humans.
D．Treating plastics as fd.
3．What des Ted Siegler want t tell us in the last paragraph?
A．Sme peple dn't knw the slutin t plastic waste.
B．Plastics will turn the cean int a sup f plastic.
C．It's time t take measures t deal with plastic waste.
D．Peple shuld avid using plastics t prtect the cean.
4．Frm which is the text prbably taken?
A．A bilgy textbk.
B．A travel brchure.
C．An envirnmental reprt.
D．A lifestyle magazine.
（B）语法填空
The wildfires in Australia became cnsiderably wrse in January, 2020.The disaster faced by 1.________ cuntry is far frm ver. Many f the fires 2.________(send) smke high int the atmsphere and sme smke turned int pyrcumulnimbus cluds(火云). The cluds culd help a fire draw in mre air and shift surface winds，3.________(result) in fire trnades (龙卷风). Fires have destryed habitats fr animals that 4.________(find) nly in Australia, including kalas and rare birds. It will take time t fully knw hw much harm the fires have dne 5.________ wildlife. The wildfires are expected 6.________(cntinue) burning fr mnths as Australia entered its dry seasn.
This past year, 2019, is the httest and driest year n recrd. The fires happen 7.________(regular) during the Australian dry seasn. Hwever, climate and natural changes are making the situatin 8.________(bad). At least 12 millin acres have been burned s far in Victria and New Suth Wales alne.Smke frm the fires has made 9.________ t Suth America. There is s much smke that it may stay in the air fr mnths，10.________ culd have a small effect n the planet's climate.