所属成套资源:2025版高考英语外研版2025版高考英语全程一轮复习专题提升训练题(26份)
2025版高考英语全程一轮复习语法专题提升训练题专题二需要“变形”的名词数词形容词和副词第三讲名词和数词外研版
展开这是一份2025版高考英语全程一轮复习语法专题提升训练题专题二需要“变形”的名词数词形容词和副词第三讲名词和数词外研版,共13页。
1.[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]They als need t be ready t give ________ (interview) in English with internatinal jurnalists.
2.[2023·全国甲卷]Hwever, Carsn's theme is a mre weighty ________ (warn) abut envirnmental destructin.
3.[2023·全国乙卷]But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place that welcmes the fastpaced develpment f mdern life, with 21stcentury architectural ________ (wnder) standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
4.[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]The GPNP's main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ________ (ppulatin)and hmes f giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
5.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]“He saved my ________ (sn) life,” said Mrs. Brwn. “I dn't knw hw t thank him.”
6.[2022·浙江6月卷]Jhn Olsn, a frmer ________ (phtgraph) and his team turn paintings int fully textured 3D mdels.
7.[2022·全国乙卷]As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birthplace f tea and the largest teaprducing cuntry, China has a ________ (respnsible) t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.
8.[2022·浙江6月卷]Fr Luc, this means ________ (independent). “The feeling f being able t see it and t frm my pinin is like breaking dwn anther wall as a blind persn.”
9.[2021·全国乙卷]________ (activity) there range frm whale watching t hiking (远足) and accmmdatins aim t have a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
10.[2020·新高考Ⅰ卷]Histrical ______ (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment.
●考点研析/破重点·析疑难·精准清障●
考点一名词的数
(一)可数名词
1.单数名词变为复数名词的规则变化
续表
2.不规则变化
(二)不可数名词
1.常见的20个不可数名词
2.抽象名词的具体化:具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用。这就是抽象名词的具体化。
考点二名词所有格
续表
考点三派生名词
1.动词转化成名词
续表
2.形容词转化成名词
即学即练
单句语法填空
1.[2023·北京卷]Mangrves can help sften waves and prtect ________ (city) frm castal winds.
2.[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]Since June 2017, right befre the ________ (arrive) f the tw new pandas, Meng Meng and Jia Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and cnfident speaking English.
3.[2023·全国甲卷]The bees, ________ (butterfly) and many ther insects lked lvely and beautiful n the stamps.
4.[2022·全国甲卷]Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad, in rder t prmte envirnmental ________ (prtect).
5.[2022·浙江1月卷]When the answer was n,she declined the ________ (invite).
6.[2021·浙江卷6月]Beautifully restred (修复) t its 1860 appearance, the huse was Abraham and Mary Lincln's hme fr 17 years.In 1844 they bught it fr $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their ________ (marry) ceremny in 1842.
7.[2021·北京卷]Why d we dream? Scientists aren't cmpletely sure, and they have diverse ________ (idea).
8.[2021·浙江卷1月]It is calculated by dividing a ________ (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI f between 19 and 25 is cnsidered healthy.
9.[2021·全国乙卷]It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme educated abut the areas—bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics, and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the ________ (develp) f the lcal areas.
10.[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we ________ (human) are.
考点四数词的基本用法
数词属于高考试题中不常考查的冷点,主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法及区别,序数词前的修饰词以及分数的正确表达等。
1.基数词
(1)名词性数词hundred, thusand, millin等前有数词或several时不能用复数形式,其后所跟的复数名词前不加f,表“一百,一千,一百万” 时需加ne或不定冠词a。如表不确切的数目应用hundreds/thusands/millins f+复数名词。
(2)用以表示年龄时,逢十的基数词复数之前应加物主代词,如in her frties “在她四十多岁时”。
2.序数词
(1)序数词前一般要加上定冠词或物主代词等限定词。
It was the/my first visit t Eurpe.
那是(我)第一次去欧洲。
(2)分数的分母部分用序数词,分子用基数词,分子为1时,分母用序数词的单数形式,分子为2及以上时,分母用序数词的复数形式。
即学即练
单句语法填空
1.[2023·全国甲卷]Fables were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures, and the wellknwn Aesp's fables date t the ________ (six) century, B. C.
2.Hawking refused t accept the predictins that he wuld nly live fr a few years after develping a frm f mtr neurne disease in his early ________ (twenty).
3.With new technlgies intrduced,the cmpany made________ (tw) as many cmputers as the year befre last.
●小试牛刀/夯基础·提技能·高效备考●
Ⅰ.语法填空
[2024·江苏省苏州市调研卷]
While mst westerners knw the stry f Hua Mulan thrugh an animated film, she 1.________ (be) a ppular character f Chinese legend (传说) fr ver a thusand years. One f the mst famus stries abut her is 2.________ 1917 Beijing Opera, Mulan Jins the Army.
Traditinally, n wmen 3.________ (allw) t perfrm in peras, s men played all the rles. Thugh wmen were n lnger prhibited by the time Mulan Jins the Army was first perfrmed, 4.________ was still cmmn fr men t perfrm female rles, s the part f Hua Mulan was mst famusly played by the male actr, Mei Lanfang (1894—1961).
In shrt, the stry is abut a girl, Hua Mulan, 5.________ father is called up t war. As Hua Mulan wrries that her father is t elderly t fight, she decides t dress as a man and g 6.________ his place. After many years f war, she is ffered a reward fr her service, but she 7.________ (turn) it dwn s that she can g hme. It is nly much 8.________ (late) that the friends she made during the war discver she is nt a man.
Hua Mulan is a symbl t many Chinese peple because she strngly illustrates values that they appreciate. As a lyal daughter, she fights first fr her family, and then fr her cuntry, 9.________ (shw) bravery and cmplete selflessness in her actins, winning praise and 10.________ (admire) frm thers, and bringing great hnr t her family.
Ⅱ.写作运用
完成下面短文,注意本部分语法的运用。
T whm it may cncern:
1.________________________________ (我是你的一个顾客). I rdered a set f Bkwrm Series n yur website tw weeks ag, but I didn't receive them until yesterday. 2.________________________________ (令我十分失望的是), the bks were s prly packed up that 3.________________________________________ (其中一本书的书皮破损了). T make matters wrse, it is nt a cmplete set, as I fund ne bk missing.
I'm srry t have received such pr service, and I believe I have every right t ask yu t deal with this prblem. I hpe that yu either return my mney 4.________________________________ (或者给我派送一套新书). Besides, I'd like t be infrmed f the prcess f yur dealing with my cmplaint.
5.________________________________ (期盼你的回复).
Yurs,
Li Hua
专题二 需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词
第三讲 名词和数词
高考感悟
1.答案与解析:interviews 考查名词的数。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。空处应填名词作宾语,interview意为“采访”为可数名词,不止一段采访,应用复数形式。
2.答案与解析:warning 考查名词。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知,用单数形式。
3.答案与解析:wnders 考查名词。空处为名词形式;根据下文的“histrical buildings f the past”可知,空处为名词的复数形式。
4.答案与解析:ppulatins 考查名词。设空处和and后的复数名词hmes并列在句中作宾语,应用可数名词ppulatin (种群)的复数形式。
5.答案与解析:sn's 考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词sn之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。
6.答案与解析:phtgrapher 考查名词。此处表示Jhn Olsn之前是一名摄影师。分析句子结构可知,空格前有冠词“a”和形容词“frmer”修饰,此处应用可数名词phtgrapher的单数形式。故填phtgrapher。
7.答案与解析:respnsibility 考查名词。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填respnsibility。
8.答案与解析:independence 考查名词。句意:对卢克来说,这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作mean的宾语。
9.答案与解析:Activities 考查名词的数。本空作主语,且本句的谓语动词是range,故主语应是名词复数activities,空格位于句首,首字母应大写。
10.答案与解析:accuracy 考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容词histrical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
考点研析
考点三
即学即练
1.答案与解析:cities 考查名词复数。此处应用名词city作宾语,为可数名词,应用复数形式。
2.答案与解析:arrival 考查名词。空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词befre的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词。
3.答案与解析:butterflies 考查名词的数。句意:根据上文The bees可知,此处应用复数形式。
4.答案与解析:prtectin 考查名词。根据句意和空前的形容词envirnmental可知,此处应用名词prtectin,作宾语,prtectin表示“保护”时,是不可数名词。
5.答案与解析:invitatin 考查名词。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语。
6.答案与解析:marriage 考查词性转换。根据句意可知,此处要用名词marriage作ceremny的定语,表示“结婚仪式,结婚典礼”。故填marriage。
7.答案与解析:ideas 考查名词复数。句意:他们有各种各样的观点。可见idea应用复数形式。故填ideas。
8.答案与解析:persn's 考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,persn是修饰weight的,用 persn的名词所有格persn's。故填persn's。
9.答案与解析:develpment 考查名词。空格在冠词the之后,应填名词develpment“发展”。
10.答案与解析:humans 考查名词的复数。本空作宾语从句主语we的同位语,故应该用名词的复数形式。
考点四
即学即练
1.答案与解析:sixth 考查数词。句意:寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century(世纪)前面有定冠词the,前面要用序数词形式。
2.答案与解析:twenties 考查数词。句意:霍金拒绝接受他在二十出头时患了运动神经元病后只能活几年的预言。in ne's twenties“在某人二十多岁时”。
3.答案与解析:twice 考查数词。两倍用twice来表示,两倍以上用数字加times来表示。句意:引进了新科技,公司制造的电脑是前年的两倍。
小试牛刀
Ⅰ.语法填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《花木兰从军》的大概故事内容以及花木兰这一形象背后象征的精神意义。
1.答案与解析:had been 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:虽然大多数西方人都是通过动画电影知道花木兰的故事,但她是中国传奇中一个受欢迎的角色,已有一千多年的历史。由句中的时间状语“fr ver a thusand years”可知,该句应用现在完成时,且she为单数,故填has been。
2.答案与解析:the 考查冠词。此处特指“1917年的京剧《花木兰从军》”,应用定冠词。故填the。
3.答案与解析:were allwed 考查时态语态。主语与谓语构成被动关系,且根据后文“s men played all the rles”可知用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为n wmen,故填were allwed。
4.答案与解析:it 考查it用法。此处为it be. adj. fr sb. t d sth.句型,it作形式主语,不定式作真正主语。故填it。
5.答案与解析:whse 考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词girl,先行词在从句中作定语,故用关系代词。故填whse。
6.答案与解析:in 考查介词。句意:花木兰担心父亲年纪太大,不能打仗,于是决定男扮女装代替父亲去打仗。结合句意表示“代替某人去”可知短语为g in ne's place。故填in。
7.答案与解析:turns 考查时态。根据上文“she is ffered a reward fr her service”可知为一般现在时,主语为she,谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填turns。
8.答案与解析:later 考查副词。句意:直到很久以后,她在战争中结交的朋友才发现她不是一个男人。结合句意表示“很久之后”可知短语为much later。故填later。
9.答案与解析:shwing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知shw在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语daughter构成主动关系,故填shwing。
10.答案与解析:admiratin 考查名词。作宾语,表示“赞赏,钦佩”应用名词admiratin,为不可数名词。故填admiratin。
Ⅱ.写作运用
1.I'm ne f yur custmers
2.And much t my disappintment
3.the cver f ne bk was trn
4.r deliver a new set f bks t me
5.Lking frward t yur reply情况
方法
例词
一般情况
加s
student→students,teacher→teachers,dctr→dctrs,table→tables
以s,x,ch,sh结尾
加es
glass→glasses,dish→dishes,bx→bxes,watch→watches;但stmach复数形式直接加s
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变y为i再加es
family→families,baby→babies,
army→armies,bdy→bdies
情况
方法
例词
以f或fe
结尾
大都变f或fe为v,再加es
少数加s
thief→thieves,wife→wives,
knife→knives,shelf→shelves,
life→lives,belief→beliefs,
prf→prfs,rf→rfs,
chief→chiefs
以结尾
通常加s
有的加es
radi→radis,vide→vides,
z→zs,tbacc→tbaccs,
her→heres,ptat→ptates,
tmat→tmates
变化规则
例词
自身有特殊
变化的名词
child→children,man→men,tth→teeth,ft→feet,muse→mice,phenmenn→phenmena,medium→media
单复数同形
Chinese,sheep,deer,series,means,wrks,species
单词
词义
单词
词义
rubbish
垃圾
luggage
行李
infrmatin
信息
advice
建议
fun
乐趣
hmewrk
家庭作业
prgress
进步
equipment
设备
bread
面包
wealth
财富
knwledge
知识
rm
空间
wrk
工作
weather
天气
music
音乐
news
新闻;消息
traffic
交通
meat
肉
wrd
消息
luck
运气
抽象名词
具体化
success成功
a success一个(件)成功的人或事
failure失败
a failure 一个(件)失败的人或事
surprise惊讶
a surprise一件令人惊讶的事情
pleasure乐意
a pleasure一件乐事
hnur荣誉
an hnur一件引以为荣的事
情况
构成
示例
表示有生命的名词的所有格
在词尾加“'s”
the by's bag, men's rms
若名词已有复数词尾s
只在词尾加“'”
the wrkers' struggle
如果两个名词并列,且分别加“'s”,则表示“分别有……”;若只有后一个名词加“'s”,则表示两个“共有”。
Jhn's and Mary's rms (两间);Jhn and Mary's rm (一间)
情况
构成
示例
省略格:在表示店铺、教堂、诊所的名称或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词。
at the dctr's在诊所;at my sister's在我姐姐(妹妹)的家
表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价值、国家、城市等无生命名词的所有格
在词尾加“'s”来表示所属关系,意为“……的”
a twenty minutes' walk, a ten miles' jurney, tw punds' weight, ten dllars' wrth
f属格:无生命的名词的所有格用f结构
a map f China, the end f this term, the capital f ur cuntry, the clur f the flwers
双重所有格
f+名词“'s”结构
a friend f my father's, wrks f Lu Xun's
后缀
例词
in/tin/
sin/atin
crrect→crrectin改正
celebrate→celebratin庆祝(活动)
discuss→discussin讨论;论述
decide→decisin决定
invite→invitatin邀请
explain→explanatin解释
er/r
gather→gatherer收集者,采集者
teach→teacher老师
direct→directr导演
cnduct→cnductr指挥;售票员
ment
punish→punishment惩罚
achieve→achievement功绩;成就
argue→argument辩论;论据
treat→treatment对待;治疗
ance/
ence
appear→appearance出现;外貌
guide→guidance指引;指导
exist→existence存在;生活
prefer→preference偏爱
ure/
ture
fail→failure失败;倒闭
press→pressure压力
depart→departure离开;出发
mix→mixture混合;混合物
ing
hear→hearing听力,听觉
begin→beginning开始
后缀
例词
y
recver→recvery恢复,痊愈
discver→discvery发现
其他
chse→chice选择
vary→variety多样化;种类
tend→tendency趋向,趋势
后缀
例词
age
shrt→shrtage不足,短缺
cy
efficient→efficiency效率;功效
fluent→fluency流利,流畅
accurate→accuracy准确性
private→privacy隐私,私密
dm
free→freedm自由
wise→wisdm明智;智慧
ence
different→difference差异
silent→silence沉默
ness
weak→weakness虚弱;弱点
kind→kindness仁慈,友好
careless→carelessness粗心大意
rich→richness富有;丰富
th
strng→strength力气;优势
lng→length长度
warm→warmth温暖;热情
grw→grwth成长
y/ty/
ity
hnest→hnesty诚实
difficult→difficulty困难
safe→safety安全
cruel→cruelty残忍
disable→disability缺陷;伤残
respnsible→respnsibility责任
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