题型03 主旨大意题（解题技巧）（原卷版+解析版）

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命题特点
主旨大意题在高考中出现次数稳定，通常1-2题，但题目具有一定难度。这类试题主要考查通过快速浏览文章，获得主旨大意，并对文章的标题、主题、段落大意等进行归纳、概括的能力。
考查方向
主旨大意题题干关键词best title, main idea/theme/subject, mainly abut等。题目类型包括标题归纳题、段落大意题、文章大意题。
命题规律
段首、段尾处常考
转折词处常考
因果关系处常考
问题处常考
模板1 标题归纳题
模板2 段落大意题
结构法和关键词法
总分：主题句在段首；
分总：主题句在段尾；
总分总：主题句段首尾前后呼应；
分总分：开头抛砖引玉，主题在段总；
关键词：抓住段落中出现频率较高的关键词，然后对其概括和归纳，确定段落大意。
模板3 文章大意题
四种方法巧利用
文体法：新闻报道主旨在第一句；说明文主旨在第一段或第二段；议论文主旨在首段或尾段；记叙文主旨一般在尾段或首尾呼应。
主题句法：读文章标题；略读各段首尾句；读首段和尾端；读逻辑关联词后的句子内容。
高频词法：寻找文中出现频率较高的关键词。
概括法：中心主旨隐含在句子中，需要考生根据已知的细节归纳出文中的大意。
命题点01 标题归纳题
【典例01】
（2023·浙江嘉兴·统考一模）
It was a quiet mrning in the library, and we librarians were enjying a rather lud chat. Suddenly, a patrn (常客) marched up t us, gave us an annyed “Shush!” and went back t her seat. Hw strange fr a grup f librarians t be shushed by a patrn! Shuldn’t it be the ther way arund?
Well, it’s cmplicated. If yu’re like me, a middle-aged wman, yu prbably remember libraries as places f silent reading. These days, hwever, libraries are mre like active cmmunity centers.
In the past, mst libraries didn’t fcus much n prgrams fr kids whse age made it impssible fr them t be quiet n demand. But grwing knwledge abut the imprtance f kids and teens learning thrugh hands-n experiences has since caused a sea change in hw libraries cnnect with yung readers. Nw libraries begin ffering interactive prgrams fr kids, including crafts, bard games, and stry times. These types f prgrams certainly aren’t designed t be silent.
Alng with mre prgrams fr ever-yunger children, technlgy tday has played a part in the transfrmatin f libraries int places where bth kids and adults can use cmputers, make smething n a 3D printer and mre. In additin, many libraries nw ffer prgrams fr adults, wh can participate in in bk discussin, learn calligraphy, and even take cllege classes.
Of curse, libraries still need peaceful phnes. These days, many libraries have glassed-ff study rms r quiet areas. They are als less nisy in the early afternns, after mrning children’s prgrams and befre the after-schl kid crwd arrive.
It’s clear t me nw that n the day my clleagues and I were shushed by a patrn, we shuld have been using ur “library vices” as we talked. Still, it’s unlikely that libraries will ever return t the days when they were places f silence. There’s just t much fun and learning happening.
46．What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A．Libraries Shuld be LudB．Reading Can be Fun in Libraries
C．Libraries Make Learning HappenD．Library Prgrams Target Children
【答案】 46．A
【模板】简洁、概括、醒目、针对性。
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章就现在图书馆提出自己观点——图书馆应是一个热闹的地方。运用答题规律“正面思维肯定法”在理解文章主旨的基础上，串联细节共同点，断定标题。由文章最后一段“It’s clear t me nw that n the day my clleagues and I were shushed by a patrn, we shuld have been using ur ‘library vices’ as we talked. Still, it’s unlikely that libraries will ever return t the days when they were places f silence. There’s just t much fun and learning happening. (现在我很清楚，在我和同事们被一位常客嘘的那天，我们应该在交谈时使用我们的‘图书馆声音’。尽管如此，图书馆不太可能再回到沉寂的时代。有太多的乐趣和学习正在发生。)”以及上文可知，本文主要讲图书馆不应该一如既往是一个安静的地方，而应该变得热闹起来。故选A项。
【典例02】
（2023·广东深圳·高三校考阶段练习）
Tday, petry and science are ften cnsidered t be mutually exclusive career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician A da Lvelace and the physicist James Clerk Mahwah were bth accmplished pets. The pet Jhn Keats was a licensed surgen. Cmbining the tw practices fell ut f favr in the 1800s. But translating research int lyrics, haiku, and ther petic frms is resurging (再现) amng scientists as they lk fr alternative ways t inspire thers with their findings.
“Petry is a great tl fr questining the wrld,” says Sam Illingwrth, a pet and a gescientist wh wrks at the University f Western Australia. Thrugh wrkshps and a new science-petry jurnal, called Cnsilience, Illingwrth is helping scientists t translate their latest results int pems that can attract appreciatin frm thse utside f their immediate scientific field.
Stephany Mazn, a scientist frm the University f Helsinki in Finland, jined ne f Illingwrth’s wrkshps. In the wrkshp, she was gruped with ther scientists and tasked with writing a haiku, a 17-syllable-lng pem, which sptlighted water, a fluid that featured in all f the grup members’ research prjects. “It was a lt f fun, and surprisingly easy t write the pem,” Mazn says. She plans t cntinue writing. “We d a disservice(伤害) t urselves t think that scientists can’t be artistic and that art can’t be use a t cmmunicate scientific ideas,” Mazn says.
That viewpint is eched by Illingwrth, wh thinks science cmmunicatin initiatives are t ften dminated by public lectures with their hands-ff PwerPint slides. “Actually, when science cmmunicatin invlves writing and sharing pems, it invites a tw-way dialgue between experts and nnexperts,” he says. Scientist-pet Manjula Silva, an educatr at Imperial Cllege Lndn, agrees. Petry prvides a way t translate cmplex scientific cncepts int a language that everyne can understand, Silva says.
Scientists and pets are bth trying t understand the wrld and cmmunicate that understanding with thers. The distinctin between scientists and pets is less than peple might think. We’re all just peple with hpefully really interesting things t say and t share.
39．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Petry: A Great Tl t Questin the Wrld
B．Scientists Take n Petry
C．Science Cmmunicatin: A Tw-way Dialgue
D．Scientists and Pets Think Alike
【答案】 39．B
【模板】运用“正面思维肯定法”，串联细节共同点，运用标题模板简洁、概括、醒目、针对性。
【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家和诗人之间的联系。文章提到了一些名人，以显示诗歌和科学并不总是被认为是互相排斥的职业道路。
39．主旨大意题。文中提到了一些历史人物，如数学家 Ada Lvelace 和物理学家James Clerk Maxwell 都是杰出的诗人，说明诗歌和科学在过去并不是相互排斥的领域。但是在19世纪，将两种领域结合起来的做法逐渐没落。现在，随着科学家们在寻找更多向外部人员灌输科研成果的方法，将研究成果转化为诗歌、俳句等文学形式的做法再次流行起来。文章介绍了Sam Illingwrth学者和诗人的身份交替和新的科学诗歌杂志 Cnsilience，以及他如何鼓励科学家们将自己的成果转化为韵文和诗歌，从而向更广泛的受众灌输他们的最新研究成果。此外，文章也引用了科学家Manjula Silva的观点，认为诗歌为将复杂的科学概念转化为大家都可以理解的语言提供了方便，综上，文章主要强调科学家开始研究诗歌（通过石刻的形式传播科学）。B选项“科学家研究诗歌”最符合文章标题。故选B。
命题点02 段落大意题
【典例01】
（2023·湖南长沙·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）
Despite being cnnected nline, n matter what state yu’re frm, each city still retains its wn language and slang. At my public high schl in Ls Angeles, we had ur wn secret language. A party was a “yart”. A beer was a “brewsky”. If I tried t use these wrds in frnt f anyne that didn’t live in Ls Angeles, they wuld have n idea what was ging n. When I came t cllege and used these wrds arund my rmmate frm the East Cast, she wuld lk at me with a blank stare.
Whether the way we talk is reginal r frm nline, the sul f cmmunicatin lies in its pwer t cnnect peple, fster understanding, and facilitate interactins that shape ur persnal and scial lives. I have ften fund it’s the way we cnnect with the peple we live arund.
58．What is mainly talked abut in the last paragraph?
A．The means f cmmunicatin.B．The nature f cmmunicatin.
C．The elements f cmmunicatin.D．The prcess f cmmunicatin.
【答案】 58．B
【模板】段落大意题。段首主题句+关键词。
【解析】 根据“Whether the way we talk is reginal r frm nline, the sul f cmmunicatin lies in its pwer t cnnect peple, fster understanding, and facilitate interactins that shape ur persnal and scial lives. (无论我们的谈话方式是地区性的还是网络性的，沟通的灵魂在于它能将人们联系起来，增进理解，促进互动，从而塑造我们的个人和社会生活。)”可知，本段的关键词是“the sul f cmmunicatin”。故本段主要讲了沟通的本质。故选B。
【典例02】
（2023·浙江嘉兴·统考一模）
In the past, mst libraries didn’t fcus much n prgrams fr kids whse age made it impssible fr them t be quiet n demand. But grwing knwledge abut the imprtance f kids and teens learning thrugh hands-n experiences has since caused a sea change in hw libraries cnnect with yung readers. Nw libraries begin ffering interactive prgrams fr kids, including crafts, bard games, and stry times. These types f prgrams certainly aren’t designed t be silent.
44．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The past and the present f libraries.B．The reasn fr the change f libraries.
C．The activities fr yung children in libraries.D．The cnnectin between libraries and readers.
【答案】 44．B
【模板】段落大意题。段首主题句+关键词。
【解析】由第三段“In the past, mst libraries didn’t fcus much n prgrams fr kids whse age made it impssible fr them t be quiet n demand. But grwing knwledge abut the imprtance f kids and teens learning thrugh hands-n experiences has since caused a sea change in hw libraries cnnect with yung readers. Nw libraries begin ffering interactive prgrams fr kids, including crafts, bard games, and stry times. These types f prgrams certainly aren’t designed t be silent. (在过去，大多数图书馆都不太关注为孩子们提供的项目，因为孩子们的年龄使他们无法按需保持安静。但是，人们越来越了解儿童和青少年通过亲身体验学习的重要性，这导致图书馆与年轻读者的联系发生了翻天覆地的变化。现在，图书馆开始为孩子们提供互动节目，包括手工艺品、棋盘游戏和故事时间。这些类型的程序当然不是为了静音而设计的。)”可知，本段主要讲图书馆改变的原因。故选B项。
命题点03 文章大意题
【典例】
（2023·河南驻马店·高三校联考阶段练习）
We had finally decided t skip ur traditinal family dinner and make the trip t Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade when Kerry was 5. Like many ther families we packed a small backpack with sliced turkey sandwiches and juice bxes. After getting ff the train, we were walking up t the entrance when Kerry sptted a hmeless wman sitting in the shadws, invisible t all except my curius daughter.
“What’s that?” she asked. Linda and I lked at each ther, wrried abut the need t explain smething very different than the happy scene we were abut t jin. During ur first years f parenthd we’d discussed hw we wuld explain such tpics as life, death, and lve. But hmelessness? It came s suddenly that we just gave as simple an explanatin as we culd and cntinued n t the parade.
The fllwing year, we decided t attend the parade again. S the night befre Thanksgiving we went shpping fr sliced turkey fr sandwiches. “Can we bring sme sandwiches fr thse peple?” she inquired, Again, Kerry caught us ff guard. “Why?” was my first reactin. But we knew immediately whm she meant. Hw culd we refuse? Why wuld we refuse? This was a glden pprtunity t hnr Kerry’s sense f charity. Six-year-ld Kerry was teaching us an imprtant lessn. That night we prepared and packed tw-dzen sandwiches int ur nw verstuffed backpack.
Scanning the shadws after reaching Manhattan again, Kerry sptted a hmeless man sitting in the same spt as last year. We stpped and tk ut the first f the little feasts frm the pack. Withut a wrd f instructin, we handed it t Kerry. She walked ver t the man slwly, handing the sandwich t him. Neither spke a wrd. Then we were ff t the parade, stpping alng the way t distribute the rest f the sandwiches, except ne fr each f us.
Smehw, n giant Thanksgiving sit-dwn feast ever tasted as gd as thse sandwiches. Over the next decade we did the same things again and again. After all, there’s nthing like sharing a turkey sandwich with new friends.
8．What des the authr mainly want t tell us abut Thanksgiving?
A．It’s a wrd f actin.B．It’s an ld traditin.
C．It’s a gd time f reunin.D．It’s a surprising feast.
【答案】 8．A
【模板】利用“文体法”兼顾“主题句法”。记叙文主旨一般在尾段。
【解析】主章大意题。本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家人在女儿Kerry五岁的时候，去梅西百货的感恩节游行，发现了一个无家可归的女人。从此以后的感恩节，作者一家都会把火鸡三明治带给那些无家可回的人。根据文章最后一段“Over the next decade we did the same things again and again. After all, there’s nthing like sharing a turkey sandwich with new friends.(在接下来的十年里，我们一次又一次地做着同样的事情。毕竟，没有什么比和新朋友分享火鸡三明治更好的了)”可知，感恩是一句要付诸行动的话。故选A项。
1.（2023·河南驻马店·高三校联考阶段练习）
Fallen leaves are everywhere as winter cmes. Traditinally, peple sweep up the fallen leaves, put them in bags and send them t landfills. But there is a grwing mvement t leave leaves n the grund. They’ll naturally break dwn ver the winter int rich rganic matter. The matter als shelters sme insects.
But sme leaves prevent the grwth f ther plants. Black walnut (黑胡桃), fr example, cntains a pisn in its leaves that kills many plants, including apples, peppers, tmates and ptates. Besides, whle leaves shuld nt be permitted t remain n walkways, where they culd make the path dangerusly slippery. They shuld als nt be left n grass lawns, where they are likely t cause disease. In areas that experience snw cver, water wuld becme trapped between grass and leaves. In areas withut snw, whle leaves that cver grasses blck water and sunlight frm reaching the sil belw.
Many peple chse t break up the leaves using a machine and let the pieces fall between pieces f grass. Then the pieces break dwn further in the sil. Hwever, this treatment can kill insects and their eggs.
Anther methd is t take the leaves ff the lawn and spread them lightly t cver garden beds. The leaves mstly break dwn by spring and almst entirely by summer. But if nt, they shuld be remved befre spring grwth begins.
Leaves als can be used t make leaf mld (腐叶土), a type f fertilizer made entirely frm leaves. Just put the leaves in a crner, add nitrgen fertilizer (氮肥), and then water them t keep them wet inside. It may take a year r tw, but the leaves will break dwn int a nutritius sil.
Fallen leaves build rich sil, prtect plant rts and shelter wildlife, in yur garden, and elsewhere. Dne crrectly, leaving the leaves is ne f the best ways t turn yard waste int free fertilizer, which is gd fr plants, the envirnment, and saving mney. Why waste that imprtant resurce?
31．What is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Hw Can Fallen Leaves Be Turned int Art?B．D Leaves Fall t the Grund Arund the Rts?
C．Shuld Yu “Leave the Leaves” n the Grund?D．Will What Cmes frm Leaves Return t the Sil?
【答案】 31．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们对于落叶的不同处理方式，指出如果处理得当，留下树叶是将院子里的垃圾转化为免费肥料的最好方法之一，这对植物、环境和省钱都有好处。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Fallen leaves are everywhere as winter cmes. Traditinally, peple sweep up the fallen leaves, put them in bags and send them t landfills. But there is a grwing mvement t leave leaves n the grund. They’ll naturally break dwn ver the winter int rich rganic matter. The matter als shelters sme insects.(冬天来了，到处都是落叶。传统上，人们把落叶扫起来，装进袋子，然后送到垃圾填埋场。但是在地面上留下树叶的运动越来越多。它们会在冬天自然分解成丰富的有机物。这种物质也庇护了一些昆虫)”结合文章主要说明了人们对于落叶的不同处理方式，指出如果处理得当，留下树叶是将院子里的垃圾转化为免费肥料的最好方法之一，这对植物、环境和省钱都有好处。故C选项“你应该“把树叶”留在地上吗？”符合文章标题。故选C。
2.（2023·宁夏银川·高三银川唐徕回民中学校考）
Languages like Italian r Finnish can be spelled mre easily because each letter f the alphabet matches t ne sund. Students studying these languages can have 90 percent reading accuracy after the first year. Hwever, students even after years f learning English are still far belw Italian r Finnish students in reading accuracy.
English started as a Germanic language. It is mst clsely cnnected t German and Dutch, especially in grammar and basic vcabulary. During the Nrman invasin in the 12th century, Old English was spken but French was used in gvernment and legal dcuments. And Latin was used in religius and educatinal activities. As a result, mre French and Latin wrds entered the English language. The printing press invented in the late 1400s helped t establish English spelling. The English f tday is hw the language was written at the time. Hwever, the spken language started t change in the 1500s with the prnunciatin f all lng vwels (元音). Fr example, “bite” was prnunced clser t “beet” in the 1400s, befre changing thrugh the years t its current sund. The effect was that the English language had ld spellings, but new sunds.
English has 26 letters in the alphabet, but ver 44 individual sunds depending n the variatin f spken English. There are several sunds represented by nly ne letter. Fr example, the letter “C” can sund like an “S” as in “city”. And it als sunds like a “K” as in “cat”.
There are nly 5 r 6 vwel letters in the English alphabet. They include A, E, I, O, U, and smetimes Y. But there are 20 different ways t sund them. At the centre is the mst cmmn vwel sund f “uhhh”. It is the mst relaxed and natural sund. It takes almst n effrt f the tngue r thrat t create the sund. Since it takes little effrt, the sund “uhhh” ften makes its way int prnunciatins. Fr example, the wrd “please” ften turns int “PUH-lease” when smene is trying t call attentin. This is anther reasn why spelling in English is s difficult!
25．What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The cmplex histry f English.
B．The frmatin f mdern English.
C．The influence f English n ther languages.
D．Factrs prmting the develpment f English.
【答案】 25．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英语拼写困难的原因。
25．主旨大意题。根据第二段“English started as a Germanic language. (英语起源于日耳曼语)”和“During the Nrman invasin in the 12th century, Old English was spken but French was used in gvernment and legal dcuments. (在12世纪诺曼人入侵期间，人们说古英语，但在政府和法律文件中使用法语)”以及“The printing press invented in the late 1400s helped t establish English spelling. The English f tday is hw the language was written at the time. Hwever, the spken language started t change in the 1500s with the prnunciatin f all lng vwels. (15世纪后期发明的印刷机帮助确立了英语的拼写。今天的英语是当时的书写方式。然而，口语在16世纪开始发生变化，所有长元音的发音都发生了变化)”可知，第二段按照时间年份介绍了英语复杂的发展历史。故选A。
3.（2023·福建·高三校联考期中）
Imagine yu can pen yur fridge, pen an app n yur phne and immediately knw which items will g bad sn. This is ne f the applicatins that a new technlgy develped by engineers at the University f Califrnia San Dieg wuld enable.
The technlgy cmbines a chip (芯片) integrated int prduct packaging and a sftware update n yur phne. The phne becmes capable f identifying bjects based n signals the chip sends ut frm specific frequencies, in this case Bluetth r WiFi. In an industrial setting, a smartphne equipped with the sftware update culd be used as a radi frequency identificatin (RFID) reader.
The wrk uses breakthrughs in backscatter (反向散射) cmmunicatin, which uses signals already generated by yur smartphne and re-directs them back in a frmat yur phne can understand. Effectively, this technique uses less pwer than the latest technlgy t generate WiFi signals.
The custm chip, which is rughly the size f a grain f sand and csts nly a few pennies t prduce, needs s little pwer that it can be entirely pwered by LTE signals, a technique fr wireless bradband cmmunicatin fr mbile devices. The chip turns Bluetth signals int WiFi signals, which can in turn be detected by a smartphne with that specific sftware update.
The technlgy’s brader prmise is the develpment f devices that d nt need batteries because they can harvest pwer frm LTE signals instead. This in turn wuld lead t devices that are significantly less expensive that last lnger, said Dinesh Bharadia, ne f the paper’s senir authrs.
“E-waste, especially batteries, is ne f the biggest prblems the planet is facing, after climate change,” Bharadia said.
Fr future research, the team will integrate this technlgy int ther prjects t demnstrate its capabilities, and they als hpe t cmmercialize it, either thrugh a startup r thrugh an industry partner.
16．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．New technlgy turns smartphnes int RFID readers
B．Smartphnes need t be equipped with sft updates
C．RFID readers btain new chips and have new functins
D．Backscatter cmmunicatin makes the best f smartphnes
【答案】 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了加州大学圣地亚哥分校的工程师们开发的一种新技术，该技术结合了集成在产品包装中的芯片和手机上的软件更新，使人们可以通过打开冰箱或手机应用程序立即知道哪些物品即将变质。文章介绍了这项技术的原理、应用和未来发展。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Imagine yu can pen yur fridge, pen an app n yur phne and immediately knw which items will g bad sn. (想象一下，你可以打开冰箱，打开手机上的一个应用程序，立即知道哪些食物很快就会变质。)”和第二段中“The technlgy cmbines a chip (芯片) integrated int prduct packaging and a sftware update n yur phne. The phne becmes capable f identifying bjects based n signals the chip sends ut frm specific frequencies, in this case Bluetth r WiFi. In an industrial setting, a smartphne equipped with the sftware update culd be used as a radi frequency identificatin (RFID) reader. (这项技术结合了集成在产品包装中的芯片和手机上的软件更新。手机可以根据芯片从特定频率发出的信号来识别物体，在这种情况下是蓝牙或WiFi。在工业环境中，安装了软件更新的智能手机可以用作射频识别(RFID)阅读器。)”可知，文章介绍了一项新的技术可以将手机变成射频识别(RFID)阅读器。因此“新技术将智能手机变成RFID阅读器”是文章最佳标题。故选A项。
4.（2023·河北·高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中）
Research has fund that using wd fr cnstructin instead f cncrete and steel can reduce emissins. But Tim Searchinger at Princetn University says many f these studies are based n the false fundatin that harvesting wd is carbn neutral (碳中和). “Only a small percentage f the wd gets int a timber (木料) prduct, and a part f that gets int a timber prduct that can replace cncrete and steel in a building,” he says. Efficiencies vary in different cuntries, but large amunts f a harvested tree are left t be divided int parts, used in shrt-lived prducts like paper r burned fr energy, all f which generate emissins.
In a reprt fr the Wrld Resurces Institute, Searchinger and his clleagues have mdelled hw using mre wd fr cnstructin wuld affect emissins between 2010 and 2050, accunting fr the emissins frm harvesting the wd. They cnsidered varius types f frests and parts f wd ging twards cnstructin. They als factred in the emissins savings frm replacing cncrete and steel.
Under sme circumstances, the researchers fund significant emissins reductins. But each case required what they cnsidered an unrealistically high prtin f the wd ging twards cnstructin, as well as rapid grwth nly seen in warmer places, like Brazil. In general, they fund a large increase in glbal demand fr wd wuld prbably lead t rising emissins fr decades. Accunting fr emissins in this way, the researchers reprted in a related paper that increasing frest harvests between 2010 and 2050 wuld add emissins equal t rughly 10 percent f ttal annual emissins.
Ali Amiri at Aalt University in Finland says the reprt’s cnclusins abut emissins frm rising demand are prbably crrect, but the stry is different fr wd we already harvest. “Bsting the efficiency f current harvests and using mre wd fr lnger lived purpses than paper wuld cut emissins,” he says. “We cannt just say we shuld stp using wd.”
10．What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A．The prcess f the new research.B．The backgrund f the new study.
C．The challenge f the new research.D．The achievements f the new study.
【答案】 10．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，用木材建造的建筑可能并不像想象中的那么环保。
10．主旨大意题。由第二段“In a reprt fr the Wrld Resurces Institute, Searchinger and his clleagues have mdelled hw using mre wd fr cnstructin wuld affect emissins between 2010 and 2050, accunting fr the emissins frm harvesting the wd. They cnsidered varius types f frests and parts f wd ging twards cnstructin. They als factred in the emissins savings frm replacing cncrete and steel.(在世界资源研究所的一份报告中，Searchinger和他的同事们模拟了2010年至2050年间，使用更多的木材进行建筑将如何影响排放，并考虑到了砍伐木材的排放量。他们考虑了各种类型的森林和用于建筑的部分木材。他们还考虑到了更换混凝土和钢材所节省的排放量)”可知，第二段主要介绍新研究的过程。故选A项。
5.（2023·福建泉州·高三校考期中）
IT’S A TYPICAL mrning: yu wake up, take a shwer, brush yur teeth, and then prick (刺; 扎) yur arm with a tiny needle. Wait, what? Unless yu have a serius disease such as diabetes, yu prbably haven’t ever tested yur wn bld. But in the future, that might change.
The cmpany Cr already sells a system fr hme bld testing. Yu stick yur arm using a suppsedly painless, ne-ff , bld-drawing cartridge (针筒) abut the size f a lipstick. Then yu stick the cartridge int a device that lks like the base fr an electric tthbrush. A few minutes later, an app n yur phne buzzes with updated infrmatin, including yur current health data and tips n what t eat and hw t exercise during the day.
It’s true that bld cntains a wealth f infrmatin abut a persn’s health. Bld tests can shw if a persn is infected with a disease r at risk fr a variety f prblems, including a heart attack r a strke. But mst peple dn’t test their wn bld until a dctr says it’s time. Healthy yung adults get regular bld tests abut every five years. These tests happen at a lab, where a technician r a nurse sticks a lng needle int the arm t draw ut several tubes full f bld. Cr and similar cmpanies, such as WellnessFX, are trying t change all that. They think peple deserve access t mre infrmatin abut their wn health.
But nt everyne is cnvinced that regular bld testing fr healthy peple is a great idea. Cr’s system is expensive and may pt ffer much benefit. “The lightest result here is that yu lse yur mney and then yu’re reminded t get mre sleep and t eat mre fruits, vegetables, and fish,” Pieter Chen f Harvard Medical Schl tld the New Yrk Times. “The wrst result is that yu end up getting frightened by prbably abnrmal results that are actually cmpletely nrmal fr yu.”
Plus, the results f a hme bld test might be wrng. It’s hard t get accurate results frm a tiny amunt f bld. S what d yu think? Is mnitring yur wn health via pinpricks the way f the future? Or is it better t leave bld testing t medical prfessinals?
8．Which f the fllwing culd be the best title fr the text?
A．Hme bld tests: yes r n?B．Shuld bld tests be allwed at hme?
C．A new system f imprving yur health.D．Hme bld testing: yur health mnitr!
【答案】 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来人们可能通过自己进行小刺伤来监测自己的血液健康情况的可能性，一些公司已经推出了相应的家用血液检测设备，但是这样的操作是否真的有必要及其可靠性受到了一些质疑。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The cmpany Cr already sells a system fr hme bld testing. (Cr公司已经在销售一种家庭血液检测系统)”以及最后一段“Plus, the results f a hme bld test might be wrng. It’s hard t get accurate results frm a tiny amunt f bld. S what d yu think? Is mnitring yur wn health via pinpricks the way f the future? Or is it better t leave bld testing t medical prfessinals? (此外，家庭血液测试的结果可能是错误的。从少量的血液中很难得到准确的结果。你怎么看？通过针刺来监测自己的健康是未来的方式吗？还是把验血留给专业医生更好？)”结合文章说明了Cr公司已经在销售一种家庭血液检测系统，介绍了其工作方式以及家庭血液检测系统的利弊。由此可知，A选项“Hme bld tests: yes r n?(家庭验血：肯定还是否定？)”最符合文章标题。故选A。
6.（2023·四川雅安·高三统考阶段练习）
New research links utdr air pllutin — even at levels cnsidered safe — t an increased risk f diabetes (糖尿病) glbally, accrding t a study frm the VA St. Luis Health Care System. The findings raise the pssibility that reducing pllutin may lead t a drp in diabetes cases in heavily plluted cuntries such as India and less plluted nes such as the United States.
Diabetes is ne f the fastest grwing diseases, affecting mre than 500 millin peple wrldwide. The main drivers f diabetes include eating an unhealthy diet, having a sedentary lifestyle and besity, but the new research indicates the extent t which utdr air pllutin plays a rle.
“Our research shws a significant link between air pllutin and diabetes glbally,” said Ziyad Al-Aly, MD, the study’s senir authr and an assistant prfessr f medicine at the University f Washingtn. “We fund an increased risk, even at lw levels f air pllutin currently cnsidered safe by the US Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA) and the Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO). This is imprtant because many industry lbbying (游说) grups argue that current levels are t stringent and shuld be relaxed. Evidence shws that current levels are still nt sufficiently safe and need t be tightened.”
While grwing evidence has suggested a link between air pllutin and diabetes, researchers have nt attempted t quantify that burden until nw. “Over the past tw decades, there have been bits f research abut diabetes and pllutin,” said Al-Aly. “We wanted t thread tgether the pieces fr a brader, mre slid understanding.”
The researchers als fund that the verall risk f pllutin-related diabetes tilted (倾斜) mre tward lwer-incme cuntries such as India that lack the resurces fr envirnmental mitigatin systems and clean-air plicies. Fr instance, pverty-stricken cuntries facing a higher diabetes-pllutin risk include Afghanistan, Papua New Guinea and Guyana, while richer cuntries such as France, Finland and Iceland experience a lwer risk. The US experiences a medium risk f pllutin-related diabetes.
32．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．Current pllutin cntrl levels need t be tightened
B．Diabetes is ne f the fastest grwing diseases glbally
C．Air pllutin cntributes significantly t diabetes glbally
D．Pverty-stricken cuntries face a higher diabetes-pllutin risk
【答案】 32．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明，室外空气污染或与全球糖尿病风险增加存在关联。
32．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章首段内容“New research links utdr air pllutin—even at levels cnsidered safe—t an increased risk f diabetes glbally, accrding t a study frm the VA St. Luis Health Care System.(根据弗吉尼亚州圣路易斯卫生保健系统的一项研究，新的研究将户外空气污染——即使是在被认为安全的水平上——与全球糖尿病风险的增加联系起来。)”揭示了文章的话题，即“新的研究表明，室外空气污染或与全球糖尿病风险增加存在关联”。选项C“Air pllutin cntributes significantly t diabetes glbally(在全球范围内，空气污染是导致糖尿病的重要因素)”贴合主题。故选C项。
7.（2023·河南驻马店·高三校联考阶段练习）
We, mdern humans, spend 90% f ur time inside, traveling between hmes and ffices, schls and apartments, restaurants and gyms. I’ve been hearing this statistic s much that I started t wnder if it was an urban legend. It’s nt! The best reference fr the statistic appears t be The Natinal Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS).
The survey was funded by the U.S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency (EPA). “EPA’s main purpse fr cllecting the NHAPS data was t prvide diary recrds that culd be used as inputs fr cmputer-based human expsure mdels,” says the study. In ther wrds, in rder t understand hw humans might be impacted by pllutants in ur varius indr and utdr envirnments, scientists needed t knw hw much time we spend in different lcatins.
The survey was cnducted by the University f Maryland’s Survey Research Center. The survey used telephne interviews t cllect 24-hur retrspective (回顾的) diaries frm each respndent (调查对象). Between 340 and 1, 713 respndents were interviewed in each f the ten EPA regins acrss the 48 neighbring states. Respndents were generally representative f the whle natin fr gender, age, race, and educatinal attainment.
Americans spend 87% f their time indrs and an additinal 6% in an enclsed vehicle. These prprtins (比例) are als fairly cnstant acrss varius regins f the United States and Canada. The finding that emerges is that we are basically an indr species. In a mdern sciety, ttal time utdrs is the mst negligible part f the day, ften s small that it barely shws up in the ttal.
Is the study accurate? Prbably nt. It may nt take int accunt sme ppulatins that spend a high prprtin f time utside. As the study states, “Thse wh were away frm a hme fr extended perids were nt included in the survey. These individuals may be mre likely than thse wh were at hme t spend large quantities f time utdrs.” Als, the survey methdlgy als desn’t accunt well fr bits f time spent taking ut the trash, walking t the car, r taking a smke break utside.
35．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．A suggestin fr further studies.B．A pssible reasn fr the finding.
C．An explanatin f the research methd.D．A majr limitatin f the study.
【答案】 35．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，表明我们人类基本上是室内物种。
35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Is the study accurate? Prbably nt. It may nt take int accunt sme ppulatins that spend a high prprtin f time utside. (这项研究准确吗？可能不会。它可能没有考虑到一些在户外花费大量时间的人群)”以及“Als, the survey methdlgy als desn’t accunt well fr bits f time spent taking ut the trash, walking t the car, r taking a smke break utside. (此外，调查方法也没有很好地考虑到人们花在倒垃圾、走向汽车或在外面抽烟上的时间)”可知，本段主要说明这项研究的主要局限性。故选D项。
8.（2023·辽宁丹东·高三校联考阶段练习）
Crime fictin bks have been ppular with readers fr many decades-s ppular, in fact, that at a recent Lndn Bk Fair sales f the genre (类型) vertk general fictin fr the first time ever, a develpment that had been widely anticipated. Cmmercial success, f curse, des nt impress everyne and there are thse wh believe crime fictin shuld nt be held in such high regard. Well-knwn in this grup is Sebastian Franklin, wh has argued that mst crime fictin bks lk mre like crsswrd puzzles than literature. Hwever, increasingly this is a minrity pinin as crime fictin is becming recgnized as a rich and dynamic literary genre in arund the wrld.
Crime writing really came t the public’s ntice in the 1920s and 1930s with the bks f the British authr Agatha Christie. Christie was a prductive writer, publishing mre than 60 detective nvels ver a 50-year perid, beginning in 1920.
Withut a dubt, there are certain elements that tend t be repeated in Christie’s bks. The stries generally fcus n a well-ff circle f peple, whse peaceful lives are thrwn int chas by an unexplained crime. The lcatin is ften a restricted space f sme srt: a train, an island, a bat, r a village. This is quite different, fr example, t the wrld f the fictinal detective Sherlck Hlmes, wh ften has the entire city f Lndn as his hunting grund.
The bks are als actin-packed just like tday’s mst ppular thrillers (惊悚小说). Christie mastered the art f the page-turner: events unfld s quickly and unpredictably that we keep reading t find ut what happens next. The mst significant cnsequence is that it is s simple t verlk vital clues.
It is wrth reading a Christie bk a secnd time just t ntice hw carefully she hides crucial infrmatin abut the criminal’s identity.
A survey f cntemprary crime writing shws that Agatha Christie’s legacy (遗产) is mre imprtant nw than at any time previusly, at the very pint when crime writing has becme the mst ppular f all bk genres.
24．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Influence f Crime Writer Agatha ChristieB．The Surprising Rise f Crime Fictin Bks
C．Agatha Christie Enjys Grwing Wealth and FameD．Crime Writers Sharpen Their Writing Skills
【答案 24．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了犯罪小说作家加莎·克里斯蒂的作品特色以及地位。
24．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Crime writing really came t the public’s nt ice in the 1920s and 1930s with the bks f the British authr Agatha Christie. Christie was a prductive writer, publishing mre than 60 detective nvels ver a 50-year perid, beginning in 1920. (二十世纪二三十年代，随着英国作家阿加莎·克里斯蒂的作品，犯罪小说真正进入了公众的视野。克里斯蒂是一位多产的作家，从1920年开始，在50年的时间里出版了60多部侦探小说。)”结合文章主要介绍了犯罪小说作家加莎·克里斯蒂的作品特色以及地位。可知，A选项“犯罪小说作家加莎·克里斯蒂的影响”最符合文章标题。故选A。
9.（2023·湖南长沙·高三湖南师大附中校考）
Despite being cnnected nline, n matter what state yu’re frm, each city still retains its wn language and slang. At my public high schl in Ls Angeles, we had ur wn secret language. A party was a “yart”. A beer was a “brewsky”. If I tried t use these wrds in frnt f anyne that didn’t live in Ls Angeles, they wuld have n idea what was ging n. When I came t cllege and used these wrds arund my rmmate frm the East Cast, she wuld lk at me with a blank stare.
Teenagers are ften blamed fr pulling apart standard linguistic patterns. The way my parents used t talk isn’t the same way that teenagers talk nw. But it reflects the dynamic nature f language, which evlves ver time due t varius influences, including generatinal shifts and technlgical advancements. Teenagers, at an age when they are actively explring their identity and seeking t differentiate themselves frm previus generatins, ften play a significant rle in this evlutin.
It’s interesting t nte that peple arund the wrld all have different terms fr everyday things. Last year, I came acrss a British shw called Lve Island, which is a reality shw that mixes peple frm different parts f the U. K. in a “villa”(anther wrd Americans dn’t typically say) fr abut eight weeks. As a bystander, the way they talked felt s elegant and fun, but t them, it was just nrmal.
Whether the way we talk is reginal r frm nline, the sul f cmmunicatin lies in its pwer t cnnect peple, fster understanding, and facilitate interactins that shape ur persnal and scial lives. I have ften fund it’s the way we cnnect with the peple we live arund.
20．What is mainly talked abut in the last paragraph?
A．The means f cmmunicatin.B．The nature f cmmunicatin.
C．The elements f cmmunicatin.D．The prcess f cmmunicatin.
【答案】 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。尽管有网络连接，但每个城市仍然保留着自己的语言和俚语。无论我们的谈话方式是地区性的还是网络性的，沟通的灵魂在于它能将人们联系起来，增进理解，促进互动，从而塑造我们的个人和社会生活。
20．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Whether the way we talk is reginal r frm nline, the sul f cmmunicatin lies in its pwer t cnnect peple, fster understanding, and facilitate interactins that shape ur persnal and scial lives. (无论我们的谈话方式是地区性的还是网络性的，沟通的灵魂在于它能将人们联系起来，增进理解，促进互动，从而塑造我们的个人和社会生活。)”可知，本段的关键词是“the sul f cmmunicatin”。故本段主要讲了沟通的本质。故选B。
10.（2023·福建·高三校联考阶段练习）
Nt all fat is created equal. The fat mst peple picture is knwn as white fat, since it lks white r white-yellw when yu see it under the skin. But yu’re als brn with brwn fat, which, unsurprisingly, lks brwn.
Brwn fat — fund in the neck and shulders f newbrns — is metablically (新陈代谢地) efficient, in that it burns lts f calries, which serves the purpse f keeping yu warm (imprtant fr newbrns). We lse mst f ur brwn fat as we age. By age six, we have less than five percent f the brwn fat we were brn with; the fat we gain ver time is almst all white fat. One f the majr causes f shrtened lifetime and illnesses like type 2 diabetes and many cancers is the increasing level f white fat. S scientists have lng tried t find ways t activate that fat r turn white fat int brwn fat.
Hwever, ne radblck t using brwn fat is that all the gd stuff that brwn fat des has t be prgrammed int the previusly white fat, but that has prved dable. A grup in Delaware has activated brwn fat in a few wmen with an already apprved medicatin. Researchers at the University f Cpenhagen (UCPH) have put white fat in test tubes and turned it int brwn fat. They then injected the brwn fat int fat sheep. As hped, the sheep with mre brwn fat gt thin and lst their metablic syndrme and diabetes.
The timetable fr this game-changing ability t turn white fat t brwn fat is predicted t be less than five years away after human studies start. If scientists find a way t replace white fat with brwn fat, it will likely mitigate risks f diseases like diabetes, heart disease, strke, and brain disrder greatly and prvide increased energy levels. That is, yu becme peratinally yunger. Bring it n!
28．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．Make the best f white fatB．Activating brwn fat vs changing white fat
C．This gd fat culd keep yu healthyD．Brwn fat helps keep babies warm
【答案】 28．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了棕色脂肪是有益的脂肪，可以保持人体的健康，但随着年龄的增长，这种脂肪会迅速减少，因此研究人员在尝试激活棕色脂肪或将白色脂肪转化为棕色脂肪，以解决很多疾病问题。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕棕色脂肪展开，第一段引出棕色脂肪的话题，表明其与白色脂肪不同；第二段说明棕色脂肪对人体的重要作用，及其减少对人体的坏处；第三段介绍一些尝试激活棕色脂肪或将白色脂肪转化为棕色脂肪的科学研究，表明其可行性；第四段预测这些研究的前景，以及带来的好处。由此可知，文章的主题是普及有关棕色脂肪的健康知识和医学应用，因此C项“这种有益的脂肪可以使你保持健康”突出了棕色脂肪的不同与作用，适合作为标题。故选C项。
主旨大意题解题思维
主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。
2.一般说来说明文和议论都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。
3.不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，抓每一段的主旨句，一般在段首。理清楚段与段之间逻辑关系然后自己归纳总结。
标题模板
简洁：短小精悍，多为短语,动名词短语或祈使句。
概括：概括全文、涵盖性强、体现主旨；
针对：标题外延与文章内容相符，范围一致，不会以偏概全；
醒目：新颖奇特，激发读者的阅读兴趣；
答题规律
正面思维肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，串联细节共同点，断定标题。；
逆向思维否定法：抛开原文，设想各个选项为“标题”用它们写出来的“文章”会是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，依次排除不符选项；
3. 研读备选项差异：研读四个选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、概括性等。
干扰项特点
断章取义(仅为文中一细节)、以偏概全、物种生有、范围过大。
答题规律
主题句的判断
段首
段尾
主题句多为段首第一句(观点或对象)；或第一句抛砖引玉引出第二句。
主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结)。
段中
前面的话是为引出主题而摆出问题或现象。
无主题句
没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。重点提炼各个段落首句，兼顾尾句。
主题句特点
1. 段落中出现表示转折的词语(如hwever, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2. 首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3. 作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4. 表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefre, thus, in shrt, cnclude, cnclusin等词，通常是主旨。