英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature课文ppt课件

这是一份英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature课文ppt课件，共54页。PPT课件主要包含了to stay，to blame，Blamed，to visit，to answer，to earn，to lose，had left，stayed，traveled等内容，欢迎下载使用。

课时学案 单元语法讲练(Using language)
(1)It is characteristic f sb．t d sth．做某事是某人的特点。(2)character n．品格，品质；特征，特性；(小说、戏剧中的)人物，角色；(汉)字，字体；性格a leading character主角in character符合某人的性格ut f character不符合某人的性格
1．characteristic n．特征，特性；品质 adj． 典型的，独特的，特有的
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①It's ______________ (character) f her t cmplain when in truble．②It is characteristic f students _______ (stay) up studying deep int the night fr the final exam．③我想不到她会对我撒谎——这太不符合她的性格了。I can't believe she lied t me—it seems s ________________．
characteristic
ut f character
④这本书的主角是一个能直面困难、永不言弃的人。_____________________________ is a persn wh can face difficulties and never give up．⑤玛丽是我们的英语老师，甜美的嗓音是她最明显的特征。Mary is ur English teacher, and the sweet vice is ______________________________．
The leading character in this bk
her mst nticeable
(1)blame sb．fr...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人blame sth．n sb．把某事归咎于某人be t blame fr ding sth．对做某事负有责任；应承担责任；该受责备(2)accept/bear/take the blame fr...对……负责；为……承担责任put/lay the blame fr sth．n sb．/sth．把某事的责任推到某人/某物身上
2．blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于 n．过失；责备
[名师点津]　 be t blame fr sth．意为“应为某事负责或受指责”，其中不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/一句多译①It is my fault，s I am ________ (blame) fr Miller's accident．②Lts f peple find it hard t get up in the mrning，and put the blame __ the alarm clck．③ _______ (blame) fr the breakdwn f the schl cmputer netwrk, Alice was in lw spirits．
④他把考试失败归咎于老师。a．He _______________________________________． (blame )b．He _______________________________________． (blame )c．He ___________________________________________________． (blame n．)
blamed the failure f his exam n the teacher
blamed the teacher fr the failure f his exam
put/laid the blame fr the failure f his exam n the teacher
(1)decline by/t...下降了/到……decline t d sth．拒绝做某事(2)in decline在下降n the decline在下降a sharp decline in...在……方面急剧下降
3．decline v．减少；衰退；谢绝 n．下降；衰退
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①There has been a decline __ the size f families．②The number f turists t the resrt declined __ 10% last year．③In spite f many invitatins，he wuld always decline ________ (visit) Oxfrd．④The intense cmpetitin frm verseas has caused the cttn industry fall int _ decline．
⑤自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数下降了。The number f peple wh run the red light has been ______________ since the new traffic regulatins came int effect．⑥我主动提议开车送他们，但他们婉言谢绝了。I ffered t give them a lift but _____________．
n the decline
they declined
(1)native adj．本地的；当地的；原产于某地的 n．本地人；当地人；本地的动(植)物ne's native tngue/language 某人的母语ne's native land/cuntry某人的故乡/祖国(2)be a native f...……的人；生长于……的动物或植物
4．be native t 源于……的，原产于……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①Many rare animals and plants are native __ this small island．②By studying the bnes，scientists further cncluded that Waitaha penguin was nce a native __ New Zealand．③事实上，法语不是我的母语。As a matter f fact，French is nt __________________．
my native language
④她叔叔是上海本地人，还是只是一名游客？Is her uncle ___________ Shanghai，r just a visitr?⑤据说，这种虎产于印度。It is said that the tiger ____________ India．
is native t
(教材P70)Gregr Mendel chse t study pea plants because their characteristics were easy t cntrl．格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆是因为它们的特性容易被控制。
“be＋adj．＋t d”结构
[句式分析]　were easy t cntrl是“be＋adj．＋t d”结构，是用主动形式表示被动意义。
This is a new machine which is very easy t perate．这是一台很容易操作的新机器。
在“主语＋be＋adj．＋t d”结构中，不定式与句子主语构成动宾关系时，不定式仍用主动形式表示被动意义。常用于此结构的形容词有difficult，hard，easy，cmfrtable，pleasant，interesting，exciting等。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换①It is difficult _________ (answer) this questin in a few wrds．②Credibility is hard _______ (earn) but easy _______ (lse)，and the prblem is nly ging t get harder frm here n ut．③他发现这个句子很难理解。He fund that the sentence ______________________．④When he turned n the cmputer，he fund that the emails were hard t answer．→When he turned n the cmputer，he fund _______________________．
was hard t understand
the emails hard t answer
过去完成时一、过去完成时的构成和用法1．构成
2．用法(1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过去”。句中常有by, by the end f等介词(短语)和by the time, befre, when, until等引导的状语从句，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。
—Did yu have difficulty finding Ann's huse?——你们在找到安的家这方面有困难吗？—Nt really．She had given us clear directins and we were able t find it easily．——算不上难。她已经给了我们她家的清楚的方位，我们能够容易地找到它。By the end f 2019, he had cllected mre than a thusand freign stamps．到2019年底，他已经收集了1 000多枚外国邮票。
(2)表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常与fr, since等词连用。It had been very windy fr a few hurs and it had rained fr tw days．风刮了好几个小时，雨已下了两天。
[即时训练1]　单句语法填空①When I gt t schl I fund that my classmate ________ (leave)．②He is a prfessr f Shandng University．He ______ (stay) in America fr 4 years．③The man said that he ___________ (write) abut 300 pieces f music．④The three f us ________ (travel) arund Eurpe fr abut a mnth last summer．
had written
⑤Jhn and Jane _________ (knw) each ther fr a lng time befre their marriage．⑥Instead f getting dwn t a new task as I ____________ (expect)，he examined the previus wrk again．⑦He _________ (hpe) t catch the 8：00 bus，but fund it gne．⑧The twins，wh ____________ (finish) their hmewrk，were allwed t play badmintn n the playgrund．
had expected
had finished
二、过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用1．在n , 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。意为“一……就；刚……就”。N sner had I reached hme than it began t rain．我刚到家就开始下雨了。I had hardly stepped int the classrm when the bell rang．我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。
2．在“It was the that...”句型中，that从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。It was the first time that I had chatted nline in English．那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。3．It was＋一段时间＋since 从句(从句用过去完成时)It was at least three mnths since I had left Beijing．我离开北京至少有3个月了。
4．主句(过去完成时)＋ by the time ＋表示过去的从句主句(过去完成时)＋by the end f ＋表示过去的时间By the time I gt t the statin, the train had already gne．我到车站时，火车已经开走了。By the end f last term we had learnt abut 500 English wrds．到上学期期末为止，我们已经学了大约500个英语单词。
5．表示“意愿、打算”的动词如hpe, mean, want, think, expect, plan, intend等的过去完成时表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。I had hped t send Peter a gift t cngratulate him n his marriage，but I culdn't manage it．我本来计划在彼得结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。
6．过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。Helen said (that) she had mved t anther flat．海伦说她已搬到另一套公寓去了。I didn't think abut asking her if she had passed her examinatin．我没有想问她是否考试及格了。
7．用于虚拟语气。If nly we had listened t their advice!我们要是听了他们的建议就好了！I'd rather yu hadn't been present．我宁愿你当时不在场。If I had asked fr directins，I wuldn't have gtten lst．我如果问一下路，就不会迷路了。
[即时训练2] (1)单句语法填空①This was the secnd time that the musician __________ (tur) Eurpe．②The audience had hardly been seated ____ the saxphne sl started．③If he _________ (take) yur advice，he wuld have passed the driving test．④I wuld rather yu ________ (be) here yesterday．
⑤My friend Andrew _________ (live) in a freign cuntry fr many years befre he returned t England．⑥He nce ______ (wrk) as a lecturer，but nw he is a manager．⑦His brther ________ (be) the cnductr f the rchestra fr many years．⑧He ___________ (learn) maths all by himself by the age f furteen．
had learned
(2)补全句子①We ____________________________ (本期望你会来)，but yu didn't．②I ____________ (本来打算) t call n yu，but I had an unexpected visitr．③She said that she _______________________ (以前看过这部电影)．④We __________________ (已经建了5座桥) by the end f last year．
had hped that yu wuld cme
had intended
had seen the film befre
had built five bridges
三、过去完成时、一般过去时以及现在完成时的区别1．过去完成时：强调“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，是以过去某一时间为基准的。2．一般过去时：以现在时间为基准，表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在没有影响。3．现在完成时：强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作。He had wrked n a farm fr 10 years befre he became the manager f the cmpany．
在成为公司经理之前，他在农场工作过10年。He nce wrked n a farm fr 10 years，and nw he is the manager f the cmpany．他在农场工作过10年，现在是这家公司的经理。I haven't seen her since she went abrad five years ag．自从5年前她出国后我就没有见过她。I met her at the airprt yesterday．I hadn't seen her fr five years since she went abrad．我昨天在机场遇到她了。自从她出国以来我已经五年没见过她了。
[名师点津]　(1)表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and, then, but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。He entered the rm, turned n the light and sat dwn at the table．他走进房间，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。He said he went t the shp and bught sme fd．他说他去商店买了一些食品。
(2)当一个由befre, after, as sn as等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。We had breakfast after we did mrning exercises．做完早操后，我们吃早饭。The train started t mve just befre he reached the platfrm．他到月台时火车刚要走。They started plughing as sn as they gt t the fields．他们一到地里就开始耕地。
[即时训练3]　单句语法填空①He kept lking at her，wndering whether he ________ (see) her smewhere befre．②By nine 'clck last night, we ____________ (receive) mre than 200 letters frm the audience．③They ____________ (intend) t arrive in Beijing befre 10 'clck，but the train was late．④One f the biggest cmpanies I wrte t ____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris．⑤We _________ (d) quite enugh wrk fr the mrning; nw let's take a break．
had received
短文语境填空One day in winterMy hmetwn is lcated in a very habitable valley where the peple live in a harmnius atmsphere．I still remember last winter when I wke up in the mrning, it 1．___ already _______ (stp) snwing．Lking utside f the windw, the shiny white snw n ur lawn 2．________________ (clean) by my father．I clsed the bk that 3．_________________ (brrw) frm the lcal library and went dwnstairs fr breakfast, which 4．_________________ (prepare)
had been cleaned
had been brrwed
had been prepared
well n the kitchen table．Then my little brther came t tell me that he 5．____________ (finish) all his hmewrk and he had a very nice dream the night befre．During the breakfast, we talked abut his dream．He said he 6．________ (g) skiing in the muntains with me and ur parents, and we really 7．_______ (have) a gd day there．After breakfast, I really went ut t play snw with my little brther fr half a day．It was the first time that we 8．___________ (enjy) urselves tgether．It was really a happy day．
①a thing f myths and legends神话和传说中的事情②as well as又，和，也(常用于连接两个并列的成分)③Alexander the Great亚历山大大帝④after all毕竟，终究⑤get attacked受到攻击⑥release tiny amunts f chemicals释放出微量的化学物质
课下预习 第二篇课文(Develping ideas)
⑦a call fr help呼救⑧drive away 赶跑，使离去⑨mre surprisingly更令人惊讶的是⑩mst surprisingly f all最令人惊讶的是⑪in sme ways在某种程度上 ⑫spread pisns t attack ther plants传播毒素来攻击其他植物
The Secret Language f Plants Talking plants have lng been a thing f myths and legends①．Many cultures have stries f talking trees that give advice as well as② warnings t peple．Alexander the Great③ and Marc Pl were said t have visited such a tree in India． [1] And in sme mdern stries，such as the film Avatar，trees can cmmunicate with animals and peple．
[1]此处为 “主语＋be＋said＋动词不定式”句型。
With us lng believing that talking plants are fantasy[2]，new research has revealed smething amazing: it appears that plants can cmmunicate after all④ [3]．
[2]此处为with复合结构，动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，其中that引导宾语从句，作believing的宾语。 [3]本句中的it作句子的主语，无实际意义。appears 是系动词，其后的that则引导一个表语从句。
It has been knwn fr sme time that plants use chemicals t cmmunicate with each ther． [4] This happens when a plant，say a bean plant，gets attacked⑤ by insects．The plant releases tiny amunts f chemicals⑥ frm the leaves that are being eaten．This is like a warning，r a call fr help⑦：“I'm being attacked！” When anther bean plant detects the chemicals frm its injured neighbur，it starts t release its wn，different chemicals．Sme f these chemicals
drive insects away⑧．Others attract insects—the wasps！The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants．Scientists hpe t learn mre abut this plant warning system，s that we can use it t grw crps withut pesticides．
[4]本句中的it在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面由that引导的从句。
Mre surprisingly⑨，plants als use sund t cmmunicate．Peple can't hear these sunds，but plants are making them．Sme plants make nises with their rts．Crn and chilli plants d this．They als “listen” t the nises frm ther plants．A chilli plant can tell if a neighburing plant is helpful，r unfriendly．Sme trees make clicking nises when there is nt enugh water，indicating drught is arriving． [5]
[5]此处when引导时间状语从句，意为 “当……时”；indicating．．．arriving是动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语。
Mst surprisingly f all⑩，plants have an amazing system f cmmunicatin that can link nearly every plant in a frest．Scientists call this system the “wd wide web”．It is in sme ways⑪ similar t the Internet we use．While the Internet is a wrldwide netwrk f cmputers linked by cables and satellites [6]，the wd wide web is linked undergrund by fungi．This fungal netwrk links the rts f different plants t each ther．Using the wd wide web [7]，plants can share infrmatin and even fd with each ther．Fr example，sme
pine trees can send fd t smaller pine trees t help them grw．But just like ur wn Internet，the wd wide web has its wn versin f “cybercrime”．Plants can steal fd frm each ther，r spread pisns t attack ther plants⑫．Perhaps ne day scientists will learn hw t create a “firewall” t help prevent these attacks within the wd wide web．
[6]此处while为并列连词，表示对比关系，意为 “而，然而”。 [7]此处是动词-ing形式短语作方式状语。
Scientists are learning mre every day abut the secret ways in which plants talk t each ther [8]．Wh knws？Maybe ne day we will knw enugh abut plant cmmunicatin t be able t “talk” with them urselves．
[8]此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句；介词in由先行词ways的搭配决定。
植物密语会说话的植物一直是神话传说中的一大元素。在许多种文化中流传下来的故事里，会说话的树给予人们忠告和警示。据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过一棵会说话的树。在一些现代故事——例如电影《阿凡达》中，树可以与人类和动物沟通交流。我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。
人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质进行交流。当一株植物——比如豆科植物，被昆虫袭击时，就会发生这种情况。正遭受啃食的叶子会释放出微量的化学物质，这像是警示，抑或求救：“我被攻击了！”当另一株豆类植物察觉到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质时，它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质，其中一些能驱赶昆虫，而另一些则会吸引另一种昆虫——黄蜂！黄蜂会杀死那些啃食豆类植物的昆虫。科学家希望能进一步了解这种植物警报系统，从而将其应用于不用使用农药的农作物的种植。
更不可思议的是，植物也能用声音交流。虽然人类听不到，但植物确实正在发出声音。有些植物通过根部发出声响，比如玉米和辣椒。它们还能“听见”其他植物发出的声响。由此，辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敌是友。还有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声，以示干旱就要来了。
然而最令人惊奇的是，植物拥有一套神奇的信息交流系统，几乎可以连接起森林中所有的植物。科学家们称之为“植物万维网”。在某种程度上，它很像人类使用的互联网。互联网是通过电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网则是在地下通过真菌连接而成的。这个真菌网络将不同植物的根彼此连接，通过它，植物可以互相分享信息甚至是食物。比如，某些松树会通过真菌网络向松树幼苗输送养分，帮助它们生长。但是，像互联网一样，植物万维网也会发生“网络犯罪”。植物会偷取同伴的养分，或散播有毒物质攻击其他植物。也许未来某一天，科学家会研究出建造“防火墙”的方法来阻止植物万维网中的这些攻击。