专题02+阅读理解主旨大意题---2025年高考英语二轮复习专题突破课件PPT

这是一份专题02+阅读理解主旨大意题---2025年高考英语二轮复习专题突破课件PPT，共43页。PPT课件主要包含了content，选项特征，解题技巧详解，文章结构分析，Part 01，主题句定位，Part 02，Part 03，Part 04等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1.中心主题句出现在文首
开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。
（2018·新课标卷I） Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther. Sme language experts believe that 10,000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade, industrializatin, the develpment f the natin-state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin. Especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades, all have caused many Languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English. Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages. Often spken by many peple while ht. wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 Languages: the Americas abut 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number(中位数) f speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the wrlds languages are spken by fewer peple than that. Already well ver 400 f the ttal f, 6,800 languages are clse t extinctin(消亡), with nly a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at randm, Busuu in Camern (eight remaining speakers), Chiapanec in Mexic(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(tw r three) r Wadjigu in Australia (ne, with a questin-mark): nne f these seems t have much chance f survival.
31. What is the min idea f the text?A. New languages will be created.B. Peples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human develpment results in fewer languagesD. Gegraphy determines language evlutin.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。【答案】C【解析】主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。
2. 主题句出现在文尾
在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。
The famus American grilla(大猩猩) expert Diane Fssey had a cmpletely new way t study grillas — she pretended t be ne f them. She cpied their actins and way f life — eating plants and getting dwn n her hands and knees t walk the way a grilla des. It was a new relatinship.Diane Fssey was murdered in Rwanda in 1985 and her stry was made int the ppular film Grillas in the Mist. It was a lng way frm King Kng, which is abut a grilla as a mnster(a frightening animal), and helped t shw a new idea: the real mnster is man, while the grilla is t be admired.Tday there are thught t be arund 48,000 lwland grillas and maybe 400—450 muntain grillas in the wild. Frm the Cng in West Africa, t Rwanda and Uganda further east, they are endangered by hunting and by the cutting dwn f their frest hmes.
Sme time ag, I fund in my letterbx a little magazine frm the Wrld Wide Fund fr Nature. It had tw phts side by side. One was f a yung grilla. “This is a species f mammal(哺乳类动物),” said the wrds belw it. “It is being destryed by man. We must save it fr ur wn gd.” The ther pht shwed a human baby. The wrds als read, “This is a species f mammal,” but then went n: “It is the mst destructive(破坏性的) n earth. We must retrain it fr its wn gd.”56. The text mainly talks abut ________.A. Diane Fssey B. the grillas in RwandaC. the prtectin f the grillas D. the film Grillas in the Mist
文章第一段谈到Diane Fssey对大猩猩的研究；第二段谈到根据她的事迹所拍摄的影片；第三段谈到了大猩猩数量减少的原因；最后一段谈到保护大猩猩的宣传的措施。前面三段都是为最后一段做铺垫的，从最后一段的“It is being destryed by man. We must save it fr ur wn gd.”可知，最主要的目的还是要人们保护大猩猩。
3. 首尾呼应的写作方法
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
Lacrsse(曲棍球) is a ppular sprt in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it t train fr war. They invented this game befre Clumbus arrived in the New Wrld. Peple play lacrsse utdrs. The lacrsse field is seven meters lng. At each end f the field there is a gal. The gal is a net. There are ten players n each team. Each player has a stick called “crss”. The player hit a ball int the net as many times as pssible. Lacrsse is a very fast game because the players can catch and pass the ball at a high speed with their sticks. Players ften get great fun it playing lacrsse.There are many lacrsse clubs and lacrsse teams all ver Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrsse games n TV r listen t the lacrsse games ver the radi. At ne time lacrsse was the natinal summer sprt in Canada. Tday it is still ppular with Canadians.
1. The passage is mainly abut ________.A. Hw t Play LacrsseB. Lacrsse in CanadaC. The Histry f LacrsseD. Lacrsse—A Ppular Game in Canada
【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”，显然选项D最符合短文的主题。
4. 中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句
阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。
【2019·全国卷II，C】Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Luie cunter by herself, quietly reading her e-bk as she waits fr her salad. What is she reading? Nne f yur business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like mre Americans, she’s nt alne.A new reprt fund 46 percent f meals are eaten alne in America. Mre than half(53 percent) have breakfast alne and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating tgether anymre, 74 percent, accrding t statistics frm the reprt.“I prefer t g ut and be ut. Alne, but tgether, yu knw?” Bechtel said, lking up frm her bk. Bechtel, wh wrks in dwntwn West Palm Beach, has lunch with cwrkers smetimes, but like many f us, t ften wrks thrugh lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allws her t keep a bss frm tapping her n the shulder. She returns t wrk feeling energized. “Tday, I just wanted sme time t myself,” she said.
Just tw seats ver, Andrew Mazleny, a lcal videgrapher, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phne in peace r chat up the barkeeper with whm he’s n a first-name basis if he wants t have a little interactin(交流). “I reflect n hw my day’s gne and think abut the rest f the week,” he said. “It’s a chance fr self-reflectin. Yu return t wrk recharged and with a plan.”That freedm t chse is ne reasn mre peple like t eat alne. There was a time when peple may have felt awkward abut asking fr a table fr ne，but thse days are ver. Nw, we have ur smartphnes t keep us cmpany at the table. “It desn’t feel as alne as it may have befre al the advances in technlgy,” said Laurie Demerit, whse cmpany prvided the statistics fr the reprt.
31. What is the text mainly abut?A. The trend f having meals alne.B. The imprtance f self-reflectin.C. The stress frm wrking vertime.D. The advantage f wireless technlgy.
【语篇解读】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。31. A【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。
5. 主题句出现在文章的中间
通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。
The Sahara Festival is a celebratin f the very recent past. The three-day event is nt fixed t the same dates each year, but generally takes place in Nvember r December. It is well attended by turists, but even better attended by lcals.During the pening ceremnies, after the fficial greetings frm the gvernment leaders, peple wh attend the festival begin t march smartly befre the viewing stands, and white camels transprt their riders acrss the sands. Hrsemen frm different natins display their beautiful clthes and their fine hrsemanship. One fllwing anther, grups f musicians and dancers frm all ver the Sahara take their turn t shw ff their wnderful traditinal culture. Grups f men in blue and yellw play hrns and beat drums as they dance in different designs. On their knees in the sand, a grup f wmen in lng dark dresses dance with their hair: their lng, dark, shiny hair is thrwn back and frth in the wind t the rhythm f their
67. This passage mainly tells readers _______.A. what happens n the pening day f the Sahara FestivalB. hw peple celebrate during the three-day Sahara FestivalC. what takes place at the clsing ceremnies f the Sahara FestivalD. hw animals race n the first and the last days f the Sahara Festival
【解析】从文中第二段第一句话“During the pening ceremnies,”可以看出，本文主要是介绍“撒哈拉节”开幕式上的活动。答案选A。
考法1 ：归纳文章标题
二、解题必备知能(一)理解标题的3大特点一个好的标题应具备三大特点：1．概括性——准确而又简短；2．针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；3．醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
一、常见设问方式·The best title f the passage is ________.·Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?·What wuld be the best title fr the passage?·The mst apprpriate title f the passage is ______.
(二)巧用3大方法确定文章标题1．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；2．反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项；3．研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。
做题小技巧：1.要想正确解题,首先要了解标题的基本特点:浓缩性强,多为一个短语;涵盖面广,一般要求能覆盖全文;精确度高,不能随意改变文章的内容及要点信息。2.选定标题的基本原则(1)要在阅读原文的基础上,仔细考虑所给选项与文章主题是否有密切的联系。(2)看它对文章的概括是否准确,覆盖面是否够广。 注意避免出现概括不够、过度概括、以具体细节代替主旨大意等错误。3.选定标题的四大标准精——概括文章中心思想的语言要精练。准——注意文章的内涵和外延,作者的观点表达得要准确。统——标题要能统领文章的细节信息。新——标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力,能激发读者的阅读兴趣。
Gd Mrning Britain's Susanna Reid is used t grilling guests n the sfa every mrning, but she is cking up a strm in her latest rle — shwing families hw t prepare delicius and nutritius meals n a tight budget. In Save Mney: Gd Fd, she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under ￡5 per family a day. And the Gd Mrning Britain presenter says she's been able t put a lt f what she's learnt int practice in her wn hme, preparing meals fr sns, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11. “We lve Mexican churrs, s I buy them n my phne frm my lcal Mexican takeaway restaurant，” she explains. “I pay ￡5 fr a prtin (一份), but Matt makes them fr 26p a prtin, because they are flur, water, sugar and il. Everybdy can buy takeaway fd, but smetimes we're nt aware hw cheaply we can make this fd urselves.”
The eight­part series (系列节目), Save Mney: Gd Fd, fllws in the ftsteps f ITV's Save Mney: Gd Health, which gave viewers advice n hw t get value frm the vast range f health prducts n the market. With fd ur biggest weekly husehld expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tnight's Easter special they cme t the aid f a family in need f sme delicius inspiratin n a budget. The team transfrms the family's lng weekend f celebratin with less expensive but still tasty recipes.27．What can be a suitable title fr the text?A．Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB．Balancing Our Daily DietC．Making Yurself a Perfect ChefD．Cking Well fr Less
第一步：读文章，概括文意本文是一篇新闻报道。《早安英国》的节目主持人苏珊娜·瑞德新推出了一档节目——Save Mney: Gd Fd，向观众展示如何用较少的预算做出美味营养的饭菜。第二步：析选项，斟酌判断
A通过明智的吃来保持健康文中虽提到有关饮食和健康方面的内容，但这不是文章主要内容。以偏概全，主次不分B平衡我们的日常饮食文中没有提到平衡日常饮食。无中生有，生搬硬套C让你自己成为一个完美的厨师文中只是提到用较少的预算做出美味的饭菜，没有说做一个完美的厨师。以偏概全，主次不分D用的少，烹饪好文章围绕用较少的预算做出美味的饭菜展开的。涵盖性强，覆盖全文
考法2 ：概括文章大意
概括文章大意类的题目在高考试卷中较常考查,常见的设问形式:1.What is the text mainly abut?2.Which is the main tpic/idea f this passage?3.What des this passage mainly tell us?4.What is mainly described in the text? 5.Which f the fllwing can best summarize this passage?6.What's the subject discussed in this passage?
做题小技巧：每篇文章都有一个中心思想,获取文章中心思想的有效方法就是辨认主题句。文章的主题句常出现在首段或尾段,因此,我们要特别注意文章的首段和尾段。有的文章没有主题句,中心思想隐含在文章中,比如故事类题材的文章,这需要我们对文章的事实细节进行分析、归纳和总结,从而得到文章大意。在寻找和归纳全文主旨时,考生应注意以下几点:1.关注文章的首段,尤其是其中符合主题句特点的句子,留意下文是否有对该句的解释和细节支撑。2.快速通读文章主体部分的每一段,寻找每一段的主题句,判断各个段落是否与文章开头或结尾的主题句相呼应。3.注意文章的末尾,看此处出现的主题句和文章首段的主题句是否呼应。如果文章首段的主题句语言精练,且在主体部分被从多角度说明或论证,又与尾段的主题句相呼应,则首段的这个句子就是全文的主题句。4.如果文章中出现了两种及两种以上的不同观点,则文章最后作者的观点一般为文章的主要观点。此时要注意一些标志性的词或短语,如n the whle, in shrt, therefre, in spite f, n the cntrary, hwever等,因为这些词或短语之后的内容往往是作者的观点,也是全文的主旨大意。
Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the wrld was still ppulated by hunter­gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther. Sme language experts believe that 10,000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisatin, the develpment f the natin­state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin, especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades, all have caused many languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages, ften spken by many peple, while ht, wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 languages; the Americas abut 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that. Already well ver 400 f the ttal f 6,800 languages are clse t extinctin (消亡), with nly a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at randm, Busuu in Camern (eight remaining speakers), Chiapanec in Mexic (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (tw r three) r Wadjigu in Australia (ne, with a questin­mark): nne f these seems t have much chance f survival.
31．What is the main idea f the text?A．New languages will be created.B．Peple's lifestyles are reflected in languages.C．Human develpment results in fewer languages.D．Gegraphy determines language evlutin.
第一步：读文章，概括文意文章介绍了世界上语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象。第二步：析选项，斟酌判断
A新语言将会被创造。文章介绍的是语言的减少而不是新语言的创造。移花接木，偷换概念B人们的生活方式会反映到语言上。文中没有这种说法。无中生有，生搬硬套C人类的发展导致语言越来越少。文章介绍了世界上语言多样性的发展变化以及现在很多语言面临消亡的威胁这一现象。涵盖性强，覆盖全文D地理决定语言的发展。文中没有这种说法。无中生有，生搬硬套
考法3 ：总结段落大意
设问形式:1.What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?2.What des the writer try t express in Paragraph 3?3.Which f the fllwing can best summarize Paragraph 1?4.What's the main tpic discussed in the first paragraph?
做题小技巧：每个段落通常都有一个主题句,段落主题句通常会出现在段落的首句或尾句中,有时也会出现在段落中间。阅读中应尽量利用有关信息确定主题句的位置: 1.细节表述在前,归纳概括在后,主题句常在段尾,即"分总"式。2.先提观点,后举例子,主题句常出现在段首,即"总分"式,这种形式较多出现在说明文和议论文中。3.段落中没有出现主题句,考生要学会根据段落细节内容概括出主题句。
Terrafugia Inc. said Mnday that its new flying car has cmpleted its first flight, bringing the cmpany clser t its gal f selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle — named the Transitin — has tw seats, fur wheels and wings that fld up s it can be driven like a car. The Transitin, which flew at 1,400 feet fr eight minutes last mnth, can reach arund 70 miles per hur n the rad and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23­galln tank f gas and burns 5 gallns per hur in the air. On the grund, it gets 35 miles per galln.…28．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?A．The basic data f the Transitin.B．The advantages f flying cars.C．The ptential market fr flying cars.D．The designers f the Transitin.
[解题示范]第一步：读文章，概括段意该段没有主题句，但是从以下几个方面说明了飞车the Transitin的相关情况：①制造商：Terrafugia Inc.②首飞成功：cmpleted its first flight③上市时间：within the next year④飞车名字：the Transitin⑤飞车构成：tw seats, fur wheels and wings⑥飞行时速：arund 70 miles per hur n the rad and 115 in the air⑦耗油：5 gallns per hur in the air; On the grund, 35 miles per galln由以上信息可以看出该段主要描述了飞车the Transitin的一些基本数据。第二步：析选项，斟酌判断
A飞车the Transitin的基本数据。A项是对本段内容的精炼概括和总结。涵盖性强，覆盖全段B飞车的一些优点。该选项错误在于以下两点：①该段介绍了名字为the Transitin的飞车；而不是全部飞车(flying cars)。②该段列举的是基本数据而不是优点。无中生有，生搬硬套C飞车的潜在市场。原文没有提及。无中生有，生搬硬套D飞车the Transitin的设计商。该选项仅仅是文章中的一个方面。以偏概全，主次不分
(1)通常不含细节信息和表示绝对意义的词。(2)能概括文章或段落的主要内容。
(1)以偏概全。概括的范围过于狭窄,只阐述了文章的一部分内容(也就是文章的局部信息)或文章主题的一个侧面。(2)断章取义。以文章中的个别信息或个别词作为选项的内容,或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。(3)主题扩大。归纳、概括的范围过大,超出文章实际所讨论的内容。(4)似是而非。关键词好像提到了,但认真分析之后会发现它与文章的主旨毫无联系。 (5)张冠李戴。命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上。
1)时间顺序。按时间先后说明某一理论的发展，或某一研究成果由过去至现在的情况。属于这种结构的主题通常在首段或末段。2)一般 一般。首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点。属于这种结构的文章主题在首段。3)具体 一般。前面几段分别说明，末段总结。主题在末段。4)对比。进行对比的各事物之间的基本共同点或差异为主题。5)分类。分类说明的各大项相加为主题。