专题4 语法总动员之语法填空：历史文化类

这是一份专题4 语法总动员之语法填空：历史文化类，共17页。
Chinese Zdiac (生肖) Stry
Accrding t the legend the Jade Emperr(ruler f heaven) wuld like t measure time by twelve different animals. He tld animals that he wuld hld a great race n his birthday, the prize f ①_______ was twelve psitins n the Chinese zdiac calendar.
The cat asked the rat t help it sign up, ②_______ the rat frgt its prmise, s the cat wasn’t included. Thereafter, the cat and rat were ③_______(enemy).
The x was ④_______(riginal) first, but he was s kind that he agreed ⑤_______(carry) the little rat acrss the river. Just as they were abut t reach ⑥_______ ther side f the river, the rat jumped ff the x’s back and crssed the finish line ⑦_______(ne). S, the rat became the tp f the zdiac animals, and the x had been tricked int the secnd place.
The 12 animal signs f the Chinese zdiac ⑧_______(divide) int 2 categries by Chinese philsphy—Yin and Yang Thery. Yin is receptive and feminine; while Yang is ⑨_______(act) and masculine (阳性的). It’s believed that dd (奇数的) numbers belng t yang and even numbers belng t yin.
The yin r the yang f the animal is defined based n the number f ⑩________(they) tes. The 12 animals are arranged in an alternating yin-yang sequence.
二、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Chinese weddings are as much abut the happy cuple as they are abut their respective families. The weddings are ①_____(impress) affairs that fcus n blessings f happiness. The date f the wedding ceremny is chsen nt ②_____ chance. Many cuples carefully chse a favrable date ③_____(bring) success t their marriage. The ceremny can last anywhere frm fur hurs t three days, ④_____ depends n hw many Chinese wedding traditins are bserved.
The Chinese wedding invitatin is ⑤_____(typical) red with a glden Duble Happiness symbl, dates fr the wedding and names f the bride and bridegrm ⑥_____(include) inside.
While Chinese wedding traditins have mdernized and n lnger invlve a large prcessin, the jurney t pick up the bride ⑦_____(be) still a lively affair. It can invlve ⑧_____ use f firecrackers, playing f drums and gngs, r even a lin dance.
Anther vital traditin, the Chinese tea ceremny (Jing Cha), ⑨_____(perfrm) at Chinese weddings t express the new cuple's respect, gratitude, and ⑩_____(appreciate) fr their parents' lve, supprt, and effrt in raising them. A red tea set with a Duble Happiness symbl is used fr the tea ceremny.
三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Several large wden cnstructins ①______(date) back t the Nelithic era(新石器时代) were unearthed at the Jijiacheng ruins site, a prehistric cultural site lcated in Changde City, central China's Hunan Prvince.
First discvered in 1978，the site used ②______(be) a city frm the Qujialing culture perid (3300 BC-2600 BC) —a Nelithic civilizatin, ③______ had rts in the middle and upper reaches f the Yangtze River primarily ④______(find) in tday's Hunan and Hubei prvinces.
Researchers ⑤______(cnduct) three excavatins(挖掘) at the suthwestern part f the city wall since 2020. Mre than 30 husing sites were discvered at the 721-square-meter area, ⑥______ a number f wden architectural relics unearthed that were built 4,800 years ag. Researchers think they are the mst cmplete and ⑦______(early) wden structure building fundatin in China. Besides, remains f rice husks (外壳) were als fund at the site, cvering ⑧______ area f 80 square meters.
Researchers believe ⑨______(strng) the new findings will enrich the architectural histry f prehistric China. "The ⑩______(discver) helps us understand the verall architectural style f the Yangtze River Basin," said Zha Hui, a prfessr at Peking University Schl f Archaelgy and Muselgy.
四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Peple say that the real culture f Beijing exists ①______ the culture f hutng and siheyuan. The hutngs ②______ (lcate) in Beijing are frmed by lanes f siheyuan, which is a type f residence in ③______ huses are purpsely built t frm squares r rectangles.
In the mid 20th century, several hutngs in Beijing were trn dwn t pave the way fr the ④______ (develp) f the city. Hwever, since then, thanks t effrts designed t safeguard this ⑤______ (significance) aspect f the Chinese architectural culture, many hutngs ⑥______ (preserve).
Because f the interlacement(交织)f the lanes, every huse is cnnected t the ther, making ⑦______ easy fr lcal peple t keep in tuch with their neighbrs. ⑧______, nce ne enters any f them, ne can feel the deep and warm relatinships amng peple, which is rarely fund in this mdern wrld.
Gssiping in these lanes ⑨______ (be)a cmmn scene as it is the main way fr peple ⑩______ (strng)their relatinship. Where there is such a lane, there is a stry.
五、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Students in first and secnd grade shuld have n written exams while students in ther grades at primary schls shuld nly have ne final exam every semester, ①_____Ministry f Educatin said n Mnday.
In a ntice aimed at reducing the excessive academic wrklad f primary and middle schl students, the ministry said middle schls will be allwed ②_____(rganize) ne test in the middle f the semester and ne at the end.
Sme schls ③_____(give) t many tests that are t difficult. As a result, students have t frequently study hard, ④_____(lead) t an exam-riented educatin and a heavy academic burden, the ministry said, adding that the practice has harmed ⑤_____(student) psychlgical and physical health and must be rectified.
Lcal educatin ⑥_____(authrity) shuld nt rganize reginal r interschlastic exams, and schls and classes shuld nt rganize weekly r mnthly tests, the ntice said.
In additin, schls shuld ⑦_____(strict) regulate the cntent f their final exams and make sure the difficulty des nt g beynd the natinal syllabus (教学大纲). The exam questins shuld fcus n basic knwledge and skills, ⑧_____ the number f questins fcusing n rte (死记硬背的) learning shuld ⑨_____(reduce), the ntice said.
Mrever, the exam results shuld be divided ⑩_____ fur r five grades, withut giving specific scres, the ntice added.
六、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1863, the first undergrund passenger railway in the wrld pened in Lndn. It ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible ①_______ (crwd) n the rads abve as they travelled t and ②_______ wrk. It tk three years t cmplete and was built using an interesting methd. This included digging up the rad, ③_______ (lay) the track and then building a strng rf ver ④_______ tp. When all thse had been dne, the rad surface was replaced.
Steam engines ⑤_______ (use) t pull the carriages and it must have been ⑥_______ (fair) unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise. Hwever, the railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths, mre than 25,000 peple were using ⑦_______ every day.
Later, engineers ⑧_______ (manage) t cnstruct railways in a system f deep tunnels (隧道) , which became knwn as the Tube. This develpment was nly pssible with the ⑨_______ (intrduce) f electric-pwered engines and lifts. The Central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst ⑩_______ (success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and prved extremely ppular with the public.
七、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。​
The clrful clthes we wear tday are made by machines. But what did ancient peple d if they wanted t wear ①_______(sme) clrful? Tie-dye(扎染) was a way t d this.
Mre than 1 000 years ag, the Bai peple in Yunan used tie-dye t dye their clthes. Then this skill became s ppular ②_______ peple gave tie-dye clthes t the emperr as gifts.
T tie-dye, yu need t first use tls ③_______ (tie), sew, r clip(夹住)yur clth. Then the flded clth ④_______ (put)in dye. The Bai peple usually make blue dye frm ⑤_______ plant.
As the clth is flded, sme parts becme dark blue, while ther parts have a ⑥_______ (light) clr. When yu unfld the clth, yu will see beautiful patterns.
⑦_______ the 1960s,tie-dye became a fashin trend in the US. Peple tie-dyed T-shirts and jeans in ⑧_______ (imagine)ways. Many children in the US still learn tie-dye in their art ⑨_______ (class).
At a recent famus shw, an Italian designer surprised peple with the tie-dye dresses. “Tie-dye is like an experiment. Peple cannt imagine the patterns f the clth if they dn’t see them. It’s a surprise,” the designer said. There is n dubt that the tie-dye trend has never really ⑩_______ (g)away.
八、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As the wrld sees mre and mre extreme weather patterns, it is becming increasingly difficult t ignre the effects f climate change. It is nw ①_______ cmmn tpic f discussin and has even fund its way int the bks we read. Because f this, a genre(类型) ②_______ (call) climate fictin, r cli-fi, has fund new life.
The term “cli-fi” ③_______ (use) fr the first time in 2007 by US climate activist and writer Dan Blm. He wanted t make “climate fictin” mre ④_______ (appeal). Accrding t Blm, the term really gained ⑤_______ (ppular) when Canadian writer Margaret Atwd used it in a tweet, ⑥_______ (intrduce) it t her half-a-millin fllwers. ​
Just ⑦_______ the name suggests, climate fictin refers t stries with the central theme f climate change r glbal warming. These kinds f bks can help us imagine ⑧_______ the wrld might be like in the future because f majr climate change events.
The genre is welcme amng cllege students because it usually lks at tpics that ⑨_______ (be) relevant t what is really happening tday. Cli-fi has als helped t inspire students t pursue science majrs, with sme universities even ffering curses ⑩_______ (special) fcusing n climate fictin.
九、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Bing Dwen Dwen, ①_______ cute masct f the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, has been selling like htcakes. Why is the ice-glazed panda s ppular? What are the ②_______ (innvatin) ideas behind its design? Prfessr Ca Xue, ③_______ is in charge f the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics masct design team, tld the CMG the stry.
Ca Xue ④_______ (clear) remembers the exciting day f September 17, 2019, when the Organizing Cmmittee f the Winter Olympic Games fficially annunced the masct ⑤_______ (design) by his team as that f the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. ⑥_______ discussin by many schlars, the masct gt a new name — “Bing Dwen Dwen”. During that time, there ⑦_______ (be) almst n hlidays, and they ended up ⑧_______ (cmplete) ver 10,000 manuscripts. In the end, Bing Dwen Dwen, based n a panda, ⑨_______ (select) frm nearly 6,000 entries frm 35 cuntries and regins.
Bing Dwen Dwen captures attentin with its full-bdy “shell” made ut f ice. Ca said the ​⑩_______ (inspire) came frm traditinal Chinese snack “ice-sugar gurd,” als knwn as tanghulu, while the shell als resembles a space suit.
十、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
The Sng Dynasty was an exciting perid in Chinese histry. At the height f ①_____(it) pwer, the cuntry's ppulatin dubled. The fast grwing ecnmy and strng ②_____ the rulers helped the develpment f technlgy and the expansin f knwledge. During this perid, a huge number f technlgical innvatins emerged. Many f them had significant practical ③_____(apply).
One particular inventin frm this perid made a mark n the wrld: mveable-type printing(活字印刷)—that is, individual blcks that culd each print a single character and then ④_____(use) again. This technlgy finally emerged in Eurpe several centuries later. The Chinese language uses a huge number f characters, ⑤_____ mst Eurpean languages use individual letters. Printing texts made up f individual letters ⑥_____(require) fewer blcks. This inventin prduced an enrmus change in ⑦_____(write) cmmunicatin in Eurpe and made it easier fr a ⑧_____(grw) number f peple t learn t read.
The Chinese were als the first t invent the cmpass, ⑨_____ changed hw sailrs navigated the seas. Tgether with star charts(星图)—anther Chinese inventin—and ​maps, the cmpass made sea travel much ⑩_____(safe).
答案以及解析
一、
答案：①which②but③enemies④riginally⑤t carry⑥the⑦first⑧are divided⑨active⑩their
解析：①考查定语从句。句意:他告诉动物们,他将在他的生日那天举行一场盛大的赛跑,比赛的奖品是中国十二生肖的十二个位置。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词race,作介词的宾语,指物,故用关系代词which。故填which。
②考查连词。句意:猫让老鼠帮它报名,但是老鼠忘记了它的承诺,所以猫没有参加。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系,应用表示转折的连词but。故填but。
③考查名词的数。句意:从此,猫和老鼠成了敌人。enemy为可数名词,根据上文the cat and rat可知用复数形式。故填enemies。
④考查副词。句意:牛本来是第一个过河的,但是他很善良,所以同意带着小老鼠过河。修饰后文序数词first应用副词riginally,故填riginally。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意:牛本来是第一个过河的,但是他很善良,所以同意带着小老鼠过河。结合句意表示“同意做某事”可知短语为agree t d sth。故填t carry。
⑥考查冠词。句意:就在他们快要到达河对岸的时候,老鼠从牛背上跳了下来,第一个越过了终点线。此处.特指两边中的另一边,应用the ther。故填the。
⑦考查序数词。句意:就在他们快要到达河对岸的时候,老鼠从牛背上跳了下来,第一个越过了终点线。表示“第一”应用数词first。故填first。
⑧考查时态和语态。句意:中国的十二生肖被中国哲学分为阴阳两类。表示“被分为”,短语为be divided int,陈述客观事实应用一般现在时 ,主语为The 12 animal signs f the Chinese zdiac,是复数。故填are divided。
⑨考查形容词。句意:阴善于接纳,阴柔;而阳则活跃,阳刚。作表语,表示“活跃”应用形容词active。 故填active。
⑩考查代词。句意:动物的阴或阳是根据它们脚趾的数量来定义的。修饰名词tes应用形容词性物主代词their.故填their。
二、
答案：①impressive ②by ③t bring ④which ⑤typically ⑥included ⑦is ⑧the ⑨is perfrmed ⑩appreciatin
解析：①考查词性转换。句意为: 婚礼是令人印象深刻的事情, 它们的焦点是幸福的祝福。此处修饰名词affairs, 应用形容词, 故填impressive。
②考查介词。句意为: 结婚典礼的日期不是偶然选定的。by chance意为"偶然", 为固定短语, 故填by。
③考查非谓语动词。句意为: 许多夫妻会谨慎地选择一个适宜的日子以给他们的婚姻带来成功。此处表目的, 应用动词不定式作目的状语, 故填t bring。
④考查定语从句。句意为: 典礼可能持续4个小时到3天不等, 这取决于要遵守多少中国婚礼传统。分析句子结构可知, 此处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词为前面一整件事, 设空处在从句中作主语, 故填which。
⑤考查词性转换。句意为: 中国的婚礼请柬通常是红色的, 上面有一个金色的双喜标志, 里面包括婚礼的日期和新郎新娘的名字。设空处修饰动词is, 应用副词形式, 故填typically。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知, 此处应用非谓语动词, 逻辑主语dates names f...与include之间为被动关系, 故填included。
⑦考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为: 虽然中国的婚礼传统已经现代化, 不再需要大型的婚礼队伍, 但接新娘的旅程仍然是一件热闹的事情。此处描述中国婚礼的特点, 应用一般现在时, 主语为the jurney, 谓语动词应用单数形式, 故填is。
⑧考查冠词。句意为: 接亲可以使用鞭炮, 敲锣打鼓, 甚至是舞狮。此处表示"鞭炮的使用", 应为特指, 故填the。
⑨考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意为: 另一个在婚礼上进行的重要传统是中国的敬茶仪式, 它用来表达新婚夫妇对父母的爱、支持和养育他们的尊重和感激之情。本句陈述事实, 应用一般现在时, 句中缺少谓语动词, 主语traditin与perfrm之间为被动关系, 故填is perfrmed。
⑩考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。此处与respect, gratitude并列, 应用名词, 故填appreciatin。
三、
答案：①dating②t be③which④fund⑤have cnducted⑥with⑦earliest⑧an⑨strngly⑩discvery
解析：①考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国中部湖南省常德市的一个史前文化遗址—鸡交城遗址出土了几座可以追溯到新石器时代的大型木结构建筑。分析句子结构，此处处作后置定语，修饰前面名词cnstructins，构成主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填dating。
②考查动词不定式。句意：该遗址首次发现于1978年，曾是屈家岭文化时期（公元前3300-2600年）的一个城市，这是一个新石器时代的文明，起源于长江中上游，主要发现于今天的湖南和湖北省。used t d过去常常做某事，此处为不定式t，后接动词原形，固定搭配。故填t be。
③考查非限制性定语从句。句意：该遗址首次发现于1978年，曾是屈家岭文化时期（公元前3300-2600年）的一个城市，这是一个新石器时代的文明，起源于长江中上游，主要发现于今天的湖南和湖北省。分析句子结构，此句为非限制性定语从句。先行词Nelithic civilizatin在从句作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：该遗址首次发现于1978年，曾是屈家岭文化时期（公元前3300-2600年）的一个城市，这是一个新石器时代的文明，起源于长江中上游，主要发现于今天的湖南和湖北省。分析句子结构，此处作谓语动词，主语the site构成被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填fund。
⑤考查动词时态。句意：自2020年以来，研究人员已经在城墙西南部分进行了三次挖掘。根据since 2020，可知主句谓语动词用现在完成时，与前面名词Researchers保持一致，have cnducted符合题意。故填have cnducted。
⑥考查介词。句意：在这片721平方米的土地上发现了30多处房屋遗址，出土了一些建于4800年前的木质建筑遗迹。分析句子结构，a number f wden architectural relics unearthed不是完整的句子，用with复合结构，表达“出土了一些木质建筑遗迹”，符合题意。故填with。
⑦考查形容词最高级。句意：研究人员认为它们是中国最完整和最早的木结构建筑基础。根据前面the mst cmplete，可知此处与其构成并列关系，用形容词最高级形式。故填earliest。
⑧考查冠词。句意：此外，稻壳的残骸在现场也发现了这些建筑，占地面积为80平方米。cver an area f...占地面积为……固定搭配。故填an。
⑨考查副词。句意：研究人员坚信，新发现将丰富史前中国的建筑史。分析句子结构，此处修饰前面动词believe用副词修饰，strngly符合题意。故填strngly。
⑩考查名词。句意：这一发现有助于我们了解长江流域的整体建筑风格，北京大学考古博物馆学院教授赵辉说。分析句子结构，此处作主语，用名词，discvery发现，符合题意。故填discvery。
四、
答案：①in②lcated③which④develpment⑤significant⑥have been preserved⑦it⑧Therefre⑨is⑩t strengthen
解析：①考查介词。短语动词exist in意为"在于"，故填in。
②考查形容词。在句中作hutngs的后置定语，故填 lcated。
③考查关系词。先行词为residence。且介词提前，故填which。
④考查名词。根据空前的the,填develpment。
⑤考查形容词。根据空后的aspect可知，缺定语，故填significant。
⑥考查谓语。根据句中状语since then可知，用完成时,且主谓之间为被动，故填have been preserved。
⑦考查代词。it在句中作形式宾语。故填it。
⑧考查副词。根据前后的逻辑关系，填therefre。
⑨考查主谓一致。动名词短语作主语，用单数。故填is。
⑩考查不定式的复合结构表目的。故填t strengthen。
五、
答案：①the②t rganize③have given/give④leading⑤students'⑥authrities⑦strictly⑧and/while⑨be reduced⑩int
解析：①考查冠词。句意：教育部周一表示，小学一、二年级学生不应考笔试，小学其他年级学生每学期只应考一次期末考试。由普通名词构成的专有名词需加定冠词，在此处为"教育部" (the Ministry f Educatin)，故填the。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：教育部在一份旨在减轻中小学生过重学习负担的新通知中表示，中学可以在学期中和期末分别组织一次考试。结合句意表示"被允许做某事"可知短语为be allwed t d sth.。故填t rganize。
③考查时态。句意：有些学校已经组织了太多的考试，太难了。这里谈到的是现在的情况，考试太多、太难，需要改革。强调现在的结果用现在完成时，也可以看作陈述现在的情况，用一般现在时。故填have given/give。
④考查现在分词作状语。句意：结果，学生不得不高强度学习，导致了应试教育和沉重的学习负担。此处用现在分词形式作结果状语，前面是行为，后面是促成的结果（应试教育），故填leading。
⑤考查名词及其所有格。句意：同时，这种做法损害了学生的身心健康，必须加以纠正。分析句意，这种做法损害的是万千学生的身心健康，应用可数名词student（学生）的复数形式，又由于语境是"学生的"，使用复数名词所有格。故填students'。
⑥考查名词。句意：地方教育主管部门不得组织地区性或校际考试。authrity（行政管理机构，官方，当局）是可数名词，且前面没有冠词，应用复数，表示各地的教育行政部门，故填authrities。
⑦考查副词。句意：此外，学校应该严格规定期末考试的内容，确保难度不超过国家教学大纲。修饰动词regulate应用副词strictly， 作状语。 故填strictly。
⑧考查连词。句意：考试题目要集中在基础知识和技能上，减少死记硬背的题目数量。结合语境，前后文为并列或对照关系，应用连词and或while。故填and/while。
⑨考查被动语态。句意：考试题目要集中在基础知识和技能上，减少死记硬背的题目数量。分析句子结构可知，主语questins与谓语动词reduce之间是逻辑上被动关系，应用被动语态，且情态动词shuld后接动词原形，故填be reduced。
⑩考查动词与介词的固定搭配。句意：而且，考试成绩不需要给出具体的分数，应该分为4~5个等级。固定短语（把……分为……)的被动形式是be divided int(……被分为……)，故填int。
六、
答案：crwds; frm; laying; the; were used; fairly; it; managed; intrductin; successful
解析： ①考查名词的单复数。根据空前面的形容词terrible可知此处填名词,crwd表示"人群",是可数名词,前面没有不定冠词a,所以用复数形式。
②考查介词。t and frm往返,来回,来来往往。t and frm wrk上下班。
③考查非谓语动词。laying和句中的digging up, building并列。
④考查冠词。tp 是名词,前面要用冠词,此处特指在挖的路的上面,所以用定冠词the。
⑤考查时态和语态。此处讲的是过去的事情,主语Steam engines和use之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
⑥考查词性转化。此处需要用副词来修饰形容词unpleasant。
⑦考查代词。用it指代前句中的railway。
⑧考查时态。此处讲的是过去的事情,所以用一般过去时,主语engineers和manage之间是主动关系,故填managed。
⑨考查词性转化。根据空前面的with和定冠词the可知此处需要填名词。with the intrductin f表示"随……的引进"。
⑩考查词性转化。句意:伦敦中央地铁是这些新地铁线中最成功的线路之一。根据句意以及空格前的the mst可知,此处是the mst+多音节形容词构成最高级,故填successful。
七、
答案：1. smething2. that3. t tie4. is put5. a6. lighter7. In8. imaginative9. classes10. gne
解析：
1. smething考查不定代词(词形转换)。
2. that考查固定搭配(句型)。
3. t tie考查非谓语动词(不定式作目的状语)。
4. is put考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。
5. a 考查冠词。
6. lighter考查形容词地比较级形式。
7. In 考查介词用法(固定搭配)。
8. imaginative考查词性转换(动词转换成名词)。
9. classes考查名词复数。
10. gne考查动词的现在完成时态。
八、
答案：1. a2. called3. was used4. appealing5. ppularity6. intrducing7. as8. what9. are10. specially
解析：
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候小说这一文学形式。
[小题1]考查冠词。句意:它现在是一个常见的讨论话题,甚至在我们读的书中都有发现。tpic为可数名词此处表示泛指,且cmmn发音以辅音音素开头,需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a.
[小题2]考查非谓语动词。句意:由于他的作品,一种被称为气候小说或纪实小说的体裁获得了新生。 分析句子结构可知,已有谓语动词has fund,空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语,genre和call为逻辑动宾关系, 需用过去分词形式。故called
[小题3]考查动词时态语态。句意: 2007年,美国气候活动人士兼作家丹布鲁姆首次使用了“气候小说”一词。 根据时间状语"in 2007”可知,此处为一般过去时,主语The term cli - fi和use为被动关系, 需用被动语态,主语为单数名词,be动词用was. 故填was used。
[小题4]考查形容词。句意:他想让“气候小说”更有吸引力。“make+宾语+宾语补足语“为固定用法,空处需填形容词作宾语补足语。故境appealing。
[小题5]考查名词。句意:据布鲁姆说,这个词真正流行起来是在加拿大作家玛格丽特阿特伍德在一条推特上使用了这个词,并把它介绍给了她的50万朵花。Gained后面需填名词作宾语, ppular it意为“流行",是不可数名词。故填ppularity.
[小题6]考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知,已有谓语动词used,空处需填非谓语动词作状语,Canadian writer Margaret Atwd和intrduce为逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式。故填intrducing.
[小题7]考查连词。句意:顾名思义,气候小说是指以气候变化或全球变暖为主题的小说。just as为连词,意为“正如引导方式状语从句。故填as。
[小题8]考查宾语从句。句意:这类书籍可以帮助我们想象,由于重大的气候变化事件,未来的世界会是什么样子。空处引导宾语从句,从句缺少表语,需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
[小题9]考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:这类题材在大学生中很受欢迎,因为它通常着眼于与当今真实发生的事情相关的话题。that引导的定语从句缺少谓语动词,此处陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语that, 指代tpics, 谓语动词使用复数形式。故填are.
[小题10]考查副词。句意:气候小说也有助于激励学生选择理工科专业,一些大学甚至开设了专门针对气候小说的课程。修饰动词短语fcusing n需用副词作状语。故填specially.
九、
答案：1. the2. innvative3. wh4. clearly5. designed6. After7. were8. cmpleting9. was selected10. inspiratin
解析： ①考查冠词。句意:2022年北京冬奥会可爱的吉祥物"冰墩墩"近日热销。根据后文"f the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics"可知,此处特指"2022年北京冬奥会的吉祥物",需用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
②考查形容词。句意:其设计背后的创新理念是什么?修饰名词ideas应填形容词innvative作定语。故填innvative。
③考查定语从句关系词。句意:北京2022年冬奥会吉祥物设计团队负责人曹雪教授向CMG讲述了这个故事。分析可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Prfessr Ca Xue,指人,在定语从句中作主语,故需用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
④考查副词。句意:曹雪清楚地记得2019年9月17日那激动人心的一天,那一天,奥组委正式宣布由他的团队设计的吉祥物为北京冬季奥运会吉祥物。分析可知,修饰动词remembers需用副词作状语。故填clearly。
⑤考查过去分词。句意:曹雪清楚地记得2019年9月17日那激动人心的一天,那一天,奥组委正式宣布由他的团队设计的吉祥物为北京冬季奥运会吉祥物。分析句子结构可知,从句已有谓语annunced,空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语,the masct和design为逻辑上的动宾关系,故需用过去分词形式作定语。故填designed。
⑥考查介词。句意:经过许多学者的讨论,吉祥物有了一个新名字"冰墩墩"。表示"在……之后"应用介词after,所填词位于句首,首字母需大写。故填After。
⑦考查时态及主谓一致。句意:在那段时间里,几乎没有假期,他们最终完成了一万多份手稿。根据语境及后文"ended up"可知,此处应使用一般过去时,根据there be句型的就近原则及hlidays可知,此处应使用复数形式。故填were。
⑧考查动名词。句意:在那段时间里,几乎没有假期,他们最终完成了一万多份手稿。end up ding sth.为固定短语,意为"以做某事结束"。故填cmpleting。
⑨考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:最终,以熊猫为原型的冰墩墩从来自35个国家和地区的近6000个参赛作品中脱颖而出。分析可知,此处缺乏谓语,句子是在陈述过去发生的事情,应使用一般过去时,主语Bing Dwen Dwen和select为被动关系,故需用一般过去时的被动语态,主语Bing Dwen Dwen为单数,be动词应用was。故填was selected。
⑩考查不可数名词。句意:曹雪表示,这一设计灵感来自中国传统小吃"冰糖葫芦",而外壳也类似于宇航服。分析可知,空处需填名词inspiratin作主语,inspiratin在这里意为"灵感",为抽象名词,不可数。故填inspiratin。
十、
答案：①its ②frm ③applicatin(s) ④be used ⑤while/but ⑥requires ⑦written ⑧grwing ⑨which ⑩safer
解析：①考查代词。根据语境可知, 此处表示"在宋朝的国力鼎盛时期", 故用形容词性物主代词its。
②考查介词。根据语境可知, 此处表示"来自统治者的大力支持", 故填frm, 表示"来自"。
③考查名词。空前有形容词practical, 故应填apply的名词形式, 表示"应用, 运用"。
④考查动词的被动语态。根据语境可知, 每个单独的方块能够印一个单字, 然后可以再次被使用, 故填be used。
⑤考查连词。根据句意可知, 空前说汉语使用大量的文字, 空后说大部分欧洲语言使用单独的字母。故此处前后形成对比或表示转折, 应用while或but。
⑥考查时态和主谓一致。此句的主语是动名词短语"Printing texts", 且描述的是客观情况, 谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式requires。
⑦考查词性转换。分析句子结构并根据语境可知, 空处做定语, 修饰cmmunicatin, 意为"书面交流", 故应用形容词written(书面的)。
⑧考查词性转换。空前为a, 空后为名词number, 则空处应用形容词grwing, 表示"增长的, 增加的", 做定语修饰number。
⑨考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词为the cmpass, 故填关系代词which。
⑩考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知, 此处表示"指南针与另一项中国发明—星图以及地图一起使海上旅行更安全", 所以需填safe的比较级形式safer。