专题12 主谓一致 （原卷版+解析版）

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语法一致原则；
语义一致原则；
就近原则。
知识点1 基本用法
注：1.不定代词all,sme,any等作主语时,有以下两种情况:(1)单独作主语时,视其上下文或文中的意义而定。谓语动词可用单数或复数。(2)后接f或直接修饰名词时,其后若是不可数名词,动词用单数,若是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数。如:
All the things are in the car nw.
Nw all the fd is in the basket.
All ges well.
2.“ the number f +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词常用单数,因其意思是“……的数量”;而“a number f+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词应用复数,因a number f 的意思是“许多,大量(≈many)”。如:
At the beginning f this year,the number f students was ver 1700 in the schl.
A number f trees were planted yesterday.
Part 2：高考真题精选
1.（2022新高考I卷）
The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that __________ (be)previusly unprtected,
2.（2022新高考I卷）
After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be fficially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, prtecting eclgical buffer znes, and leaving behind precius natural assets(资产)fr future generatins”.
3（2022年浙江卷1月）
But Cbb and thers ________ （be） nw questining that idea pushing cnferences t prvide mre chances t participate remtely, and ________（change） their persnal behavir t d their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
4.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
What cmes next is the endless series f steps. Yu can't help wndering hw hard it 6 (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.
5.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It 1 (build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred（修复）.
6.（2021.6全国甲卷 改错）
One f the questins are: Wh will yu g in times f truble?
7.（2020·新课标 = 1 \* ROMAN I卷语法填空）＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn 68． (cnstruct) .＂
8．（2020·天津卷单项填空）The number f medical schls reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ arund that level since.
A．are remainingB．have remained
C．is remainingD．has remained
9.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 22.The musician alng with his band members ___________ ten perfrmances in the last three mnths.
A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give
10.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】8.Amy, as well as her brthers, ____________ a warm welcme when returning t the village last week.
A. is givenB. are given
C. was givenD. were given
11.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】 Of the nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
12.【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it 64 (be) mre effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling r swimming.
13.【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】Diets have changed in China — and s t has its tp crp. Since 2011,the cuntry ___61___（grw）mre crn than rice.
14.【2017· 江苏】24.The publicatin f Great Expectatins, which _______ bth widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading nvelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
15.【2017·天津卷】6. Nwadays, cycling, alng with jgging and swimming, _______ as ne f the best all-rund frms f exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
语
法
一
致
单数名词、非谓语动词、短语或从句作主语
单数
A sheep eats grass.
The wrd means very gd.
T wrk hard is necessary.
What he said was wrng.
Air is very imprtant t us.
Teaching English carries significance.
用and 或 连接的并列主语
复数
He and I were classmates at that time.
Bth bread and butter are sld ut.
用and 连接的并列主语如指的是同一个人、同一事物(and 后的名词没有冠词)或主语前分别有each,every,n等修饰时
单数
The girl’s teacher and friend is yung.
Bread and butter(=The bread with butter n it)is daily fd in the west.
Every by and every girl has the right t receive educatin.
不定代词either,neither,each,nne,the ther,anther,anyne,smene,smething,everybdy,everything,nbdy等作主语时
单数
Each f the girls has an apple.
Smebdy is waiting fr yu at the gate.
Everything arund us is matter.
主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but,except,besides,as well as,with,like等连接的其他名词
单数
She as well as her friends likes this film.
My sister,like yu and Tm,is very clever.
由a lt f/lts f/plenty f+名词/分数/百分数+名词作主语时,视名词的数而定
单数
复数
Three-fifths f the water is dirty.
30 percent f them are against the plan.
意
义
一
致
表示复数意义的名词,peple,plice等作主语时
复数
Peple are talking abut the news.
The plice haven’t arrived.
有些集体名词family,class,grup,team等作主语时,若看作一个整体,谓语用单数;若视为每一个成员,谓语用复数
视具体情况而定
His family has mved t Shanghai.
His family are all fnd f music.
Their class is very big.
The class are waiting fr a new teacher.
wh ,what ,which ,all ,mre ,mst ,sme,any ,half ,nne ,the rest等作主语
视情况而定
Wh is a dctr?
Wh are league members?
Mst f them are yung men.
Mst f the water is dirty.
表示时间、距离、重量、数字、钱等的复数名词作整体看待时
单数
Thirty years is nt a lng time.
Five dllars is quite enugh.
以-ics结尾的学科名词如plitics,maths及news属形复意单名词,及书报名、国名等复数名词作主语
单数
Physics seems t be difficult t me.
The United States is a develped cuntry.
就
近
一
致
用r,,,nt als 等连接的并列主语
与靠近的
主语一致
Either yu r I am wrng.
Nt nly we but als the teachers are wrng.
由there或here引起的句子,主语又不止一个,其谓语动词通常和邻近的那个主语一致
与第一个
主语一致
There is a pen and sme bks n the desk.
There are sme bks and a piece f paper n the desk.