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人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第三册 Unit 2 《期中阅读 》知识点专题课件
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这是一份人教版（2019）高中英语选择性必修第三册 Unit 2 《期中阅读 》知识点专题课件，共42页。PPT课件主要包含了仿写练习，Translate，高考链接，即学即练，for，with，simile，metaphor，abuses，negative等内容，欢迎下载使用。
as在以上句子中引导__________从句; 意思含义________，相当于介词______ 引导的复合结构____________________________ As the Chinese philspher La Zi wrte, “ A jurney f a thusand miles begins with a single step.” (Para 6)as在以上句子中引导_______________从句; 在以上句子中做__________成分， 一般翻译成_______________。
As teenagers grw up, they becme mre independent and start making their wn decisins.(Para 1)
With teenagers grwing up，...
在成长过程中，青少年会变得越来越独立，并且开始自己做决定。
正如他们所预料的，比赛结果难分上下。由于飓风袭击，比赛被取消了。尽管他们很快乐，但总缺少点什么。他弃我而去如同光明离开黑夜。
The result f the cntest was a clse finish, as they had predicted. The race was called ff as a hurricane struck.Happy as they were, there was smething missing.He left me as the light left the night.
as还可以引导其它从句
虽然，尽管(thugh)
①Child as he is , he knws much .②I must stp writing nw , as I have a lt f wrk t d .③They did as I had asked .
阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词的词性、词组和含义
①As spring cmes , everything cmes t life .→ With spring , everything cmes t life .②Althugh he might try , the yung man failed . → he might , the yung man failed .
Try as/thugh
1.随着科技的进步，我们的生活变得更加方便 2.正如俗话所说的：“赠人玫瑰，手有余香。3.(正如)孔子说，温故而知新。
As technlgy advances, ur lives becme mre cnvenient.
As an ld saying ges, "Rses given, fragrance in hand."
As Cnfucius said, "Cnsider the past, and yu shall knw the future."
2.T prevent harmful habits like these frm dminating a teenager’s life is essential. They must learn t recgnise bad habits early and make apprpriate changes.
防止像这样的有害习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的，他们必须学会及早发现坏习惯，并做出恰当的改变。
此句为“主系表”结构的简单句，其中主语较长，是___________________________________________________________
T prevent harmful habits like these frm dminating a teenager’s life
▲教材原句 T change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. After all, it is nt easy t break bad habits.
▲ It is a great hnr t be invited t Mary’s birthday party.
有时为了保持句子平衡，经常将不定式短语放到句子后面，尤其当不定式形式为被动结构时。
【即学即用】1.Theater wner said he chse the mvie because it seemed (apprpriately) clthes aren ' t apprpriate a frmal party ' s apprpriate that yu ( put ) n mre clthes .翻译句子牛仔裤不适合求职面试时穿。
(shuld) put
Jeans are nt apprpriate fr / t a jb interview
此处是 if 条件状语从句省略结构，完整的形式为 _________________________________.
These bad habits, if left unchecked, culd lead t mre serius nes when they becme adults.
if these bad habits are left unchecked
1)Therefre, I can explain the relevant infrmatin abut Chinese painting if______necessary.2)While_________picking ranges, I realised hw hard it was fr farmers t wrk in the fields.
这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，可能会导致他们长大后有更严重的坏习惯
2) 在if 引导的条件状语从句中，当状语从句的主语是 it，且谓语动词是 be 时，it 和 be 可以省略。If (it is) pssible, he will help yu ut f the difficulty.Yu must attend the meeting if (it is) cnvenient t yu.
if s;if any;if pssible;if ever;if nly(wish-虚拟语气)
1.如果任其发展, 大火可以摧毁这个森林.2.然而，如果不及时治疗，这个伤势会引发严重的症状和问题.(symptm)3.If nly yu had warned him earlier.
If left unchecked, the fire can destry the whle frest.
Hwever, if left untreated, the injury can lead t severe symptms and serius prblems.
要是你早些提醒他就好了.
⭐when、 while、 befre、 after、 unless、 as等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为it时，谓语有be动词时，通常省略从句中的主语和be动词。
状语从句省略成分后常见的类型：连词+ding/dne/ prep短语/ adj短语。
这种“连词+形容词/分词/prep短语”的结构，令表达更为简洁、紧凑
一旦穿上合适的衣服， 她马上重获自信。 当再三被问及同一个问题时，他变得越来越不耐烦。 除非给足时间，否则他们无法完成如此高难度的工作。沿河边散步的时候，她忽然看到桥上方有一道美丽的彩虹。没人和你说话之前请保持沉默。虽然年经，但她已经成 为一名顶尖的医生。
If invlved in the case, yu will be punished.
Once (she was) prperly dressed, she immediately regained her cnfidence.When (he was) asked the same questin again and again, he became increasingly impatient.Unless (they were) given enugh time, they are nt able t cmplete such a demanding task.While (she was) walking alng the river, she suddenly saw a beautiful rainbw ver the bridge.Please keep silent until (yu are) spken t. Thugh (she is) yung, she has already becme a leading dctr
语法填空1.Yu can have a wnderful view f the city if ________(stand ) n the tp f the building. 2. (2021·天津阅读理解改编)When_________(start ) cllege , mst students enjy a week’s stay n campus befre classes actually arising frm lack f cmmunicatin, unless _________(handle)prperly, may lead t serius prblems the steps yu take are wrking, keep it up. ______ (不然), take anther lk at ther methds yu culd medicine will wrk best if ______ (take) accrding t the instructins. 句式升级When it is seen frm a distance, t tell the truth, the scenery appears mre beautiful ______________________, t tell the truth, the scenery appears mre beautiful
When seen frm a distance
1. (2010浙江,8) The experiment shws that prper amunt f exercise, if _______ regularly, can imprve ur health. A. being carried ut B. carrying ut C. carried ut D. t carry ut 2. (2003上海春,37) Unless ________ t speak, yu shuld remain silent at the cnference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited4. (2003上海,39) Generally speaking, ________ accrding t the directins, the drug has n side effect. A. When taking B. When taken C. When t take D. When t be taken5. (2004湖北,28) _______ with the size f the whle earth, the biggest cean des nt seem big at all. A. Cmpare B. When cmpared C. Cmparing D. When cmparing6. (2006浙江,5) When _______ different cultures, we ften pay attentin t the differences withut nticing the many similarities. A. cmpared B. being cmpared C. cmparing D. having cmpared
There is a famus saying based n the philsphy f Aristtle: “We are what we repeatedly d.”
有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”
based n在句中是过去分词短语作_________，放在被修饰的名词后面，它的作用相当于一个_________。
作定语的现在分词所表示正在进行的动作(变为从句时要用进行时态)，或表示经常性的动作，或状态(变为从句时, 用一般时态)。
The True Stry f Ah Q written by Lu Xun is familiar t us.=The True Stry f Ah Q ____________________________is familiar t us.
He left the htel surrunded by crwds f jurnalists.=He left the htel __________________________________
which is written by Lu Xun
which was surrunded by crwds f jurnalists.
Tell the children playing there nt t make s much nise.=Tell the children______________________ nt t make s much nise.
The living rm has a brad bay windw facing the street.=The living rm has a brad bay windw_________________________
wh are playing there
that faces the street.
1. 他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没到过北京。2. 正在召开的这个会议很重要。3. Apart frm the urgent prblems _______ (cause) by wars and cnflicts, the UN helps cuntries with ther prblems such as lack f educatin, lack f fd, pverty, disasters and disease.4. (2016·全国卷I) I was the first Western TV reprter __________ (permit) t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.
Sme f them, brn and brught up in rural villages, had never been t Beijing.
The meeting being held nw is very imprtant.
The meeting which is being held nw is very imprtant.
Accrding t mdern psychlgy, we must first learn abut the “habit cycle”, which wrks like this： Firstly， there is a “cue” , an actin， event，r situatin that acts as a signal t d smething. Secndly, there is a “rutine”, the regular actin yu take in respnse t the cue.Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the gd thing r feeling we get frm the rutine.
同位语，对cue的内容进行解释说明
in respnse t 回答；答复
定语从句，修饰前面的同位语
Paragraph 3
Fr example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lts f unhealthy snacks (rutine)， which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much mre likely t cntinue the cycle, and the bad habit f relying n unhealthy snacks is frmed.
when引导的时间状语从句
which 引导非限制性定语从句
省略t的动词不定式作宾语补足语
Paragraph 4
Firstly , there is a " cue ", an actin , event , r situatin that acts as a signal t d smething .
第一是"触发因素"，即一个行动、事件或状况，充当要做某事的讯号。
signal that...
signal t sb t d srh
语境理解It ' s a pity that nbdy saw the signal made with a red flag .She signalled that she was abut t turn left .My mther is signalling t me t remve the table .
①胸部疼痛可能是心脏问题的警告信号。 Chest pains can be heart prblems .②她示意到离开的时候了。 She it was time t leave .③她示意我们跟她走。 She fllw her .
a warning signal f
signalled t us t
signalled that
There is the “reward”, the gd thing r feeling we get frm the rutine.
有“奖励”，即我们从惯例中得到的好东西或好感觉。
reward n. 回报；奖励；报酬
give/ ffer a reward t sb. fr sth. 为某事而给某人奖励in reward fr 作为（对）……的奖赏、回报
语境理解Her parents gave her a reward t her fr passing the examI send him a bk in reward fr his timely help.
▲ 【语境应用】单句语法填空1) Make the extra effrt t impress the buyer and yu will ____________ (reward) with a quicker sale at a better price.2) He decided t give a reward ____ infrmatin leading t the recvery f the missing diamnd.3) The girl rewarded him _____ a smile fr his help.
be rewarded
语境理解 “Thank yu, sn,” she said, and she rewarded him with a cin.He gave the children sme chclate t reward them fr behaving well.
reward v. 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
reward sb. with sth. 奖赏某人某物reward sb. fr (ding) sth. 为（做）某事奖赏某人
The reward makes us much mre likely t cntinue the cycle, and the bad habit f relying n unhealthy snacks is frmed.
rely n 依赖；依靠；信赖
1.Many peple nw wuld rely n (surfing) the Internet rather than read newspapers fr can rely n me t keep yur rely n it that he will finish the wrk tday.
rely n (ding) sth 依赖/信任/指望(做)某事
rely n sb t d sth 指望/相信某人做某事
rely n it that ... 相信……; 指望……
= depend n= cunt n
Self-learning
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1) 许多职业母亲依靠亲戚来帮她们照看孩子。 Many wrking mthers rely n relatives t help take care f their children.2) 我仅能依靠的是他能告诉我事实真相。 I nly rely n it that he can tell me the fact.
rely n后面跟从句时，先接it再接that
1.如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。(申请信结尾)2.你可以放心，我们大家都会一直支持你的。3.你可以相信他会来见你的
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd take my applicatin int cnsideratin.
Yu can depend n it that all f us will stand by yu all the time.
⭐Attentin:rely n后跟that从句时，常在从句之前加it，有类似用法的动词(短语)还有appreciate、 hate、 depend n、 see t(留意，注意；保证，确保完成)等。
Yu may rely n it that he will cme t meet yu.
S , when we feel unhappy again ( cue ), rather than eat snacks , we culd listen t sme f ur favurite music instead ( rutine ), which will make us feel relaxed ( reward ).
因此，当我们再次感到不高兴时（信号），我们可以听几首最喜爱的音乐（惯例），而不是吃零食，这会使我们感到放松（奖励）
★ rather than 而不是；与其……（不如）
1.rather than 连接两个并列成分，意为"而不是"，连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动名词、分词、不定式及动词等2.rather than 连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致
宁愿做….也不愿做……wuld d ... rather than d ... wuld rather d ... than d ... prefer t d ... rather than d ... .
用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。(1) She’d rather die than _____ (lse) the children.(2) He is an explrer rather than a ______ (sail).(3) Yu rather than I _____ (be) ging t g camping.(4) The sweater she bught was beautiful rather than ______ (cheaply).(5) She enjys singing rather than ________ (dance).(6) We will have the meeting in the classrm rather than ____ the great hall.(7) I decide t write rather than ______________ (telephne).(8) He came running rather than __________ (walk).(9)The yung student rather than his classmates ( be ) ging t travel tmrrwShe likes keeping things rather than t thrw them away. （改错）是文化而不是语言使他难以适应国外的新环境。 (强调句)
It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard fr him t adapt t the new envirnment abrad.
Aside frm changing bad habits, we can als use the habit cycle t create gd habits.
A. 包括在内， =besides, as well as, in additin t B. 除...之外，不包括在内， =except C. 整体中指出不足; 例外，无同类语） =except fr
aside/apart frm sb/sth/ding sth
翻译句子：（1）除了定期运动，健康饮食也是一个控制体重的方法。（2）教室里除了一个坐在窗边的男孩之外，别无他人。
Aside frm/apart frm/Besides ding sprts regularly,eating healthily is als a way t take cntrl f weight.
The classrm was empty aside frm/apart frm /except fr a by seated by the windw.
… if we are nt successful straight away, we ften becme pessimistic and give up.
straight away: immediately r withut delay 立即；马上
【拓展】cme/ get straight t the pint 开门见山 g straight hme 直接回家be straight with sb. 对某人坦诚 get sth. straight （口语）弄清楚某事
我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，往往变得悲观，继而放弃。
语境理解I’ll cme straight t the pint — yur wrk isn’t gd enugh.I’m ging straight hme after the class.I hpe my clse friends can be straight with me.I culd never lie t my mther because she’d see thrugh me straight away.I shuld g and see a dctr straight away.
Hwever, there is n "magic pill” r delete buttn that will help yu
然而，能帮助你的“魔 力丸”或删除键并不存在……
magic pill意为“灵丹妙药”。delete buttn意为“删除键”。这里magic pill和delete buttn均是暗喻用法，意指“快速改变坏习惯的良策”。暗喻是英语表达中最常见的修辞手法之一。此处的暗喻运用巧妙，把寻求the way f changing bad habits quickly,改变不良习惯的急切心情表达的形象、生动、富感染力
Translate the sentences belw and tell which examples emply simile r metaphr ?
1.Lng ag, he envisined rice plants as tall as a srghum,with each ear f rice as big as a brm,and each grain f rice as huge as a was like a bx f chclates. Yu never knw what yu’re ging t is a gd servant but an evil master.
self-learning （wrk in pairs）
simile:By using like, as, as if/ thugh, A is similar t B,
metaphr:By using the link wrd “be” r the verbs
Hw t write a simile and metaphr
Tip 1: By using like, as, as if/ thugh, A is similar t B,
1.沿路的风景就像一幅美丽的画卷。
The scenery alng the jurney is just like a breathtaking landscape painting.
Her anger was a vlcan abut t erupt.
2.她的怒火就是一座即将爆发的火山
Tip 2: By using the link wrd “be” r the verbs
Fr example, when we cme t an escalatr (cue), ur nrmal rutine is t ride it, but we culd change this rutine int smething mre psitive by taking the stairs instead.
过去我学英语的最大困难是开口说，但是通过参加英语俱乐部我让这件事变得容易多了。In the past, my biggest difficulty in learning English was t pen my muth t speak, but I made it easier by taking part in an English club.
In fact, the mst successful way t change is nt suddenly, but ver a perid f time. ▲这是一个含有“nt…but…”结构的简单句。
The value f life lies nt in the length f days, but in the use that we make f them.
生命的价值不在于其长短，而在于我们如何利用它。
As the Chinese philspher La Zi wrte, “ A jurney f a thusand miles begins with a single step.” (Para 5)
(1) 学校广播宣布，运动会将于下月举行。(2) 正如我所指出的，日常饮食包含蔬菜很重要。
As is annunced n the schl radi, the sprts meet will be held next mnth.
As I have pinted ut, it is imprtant t include vegetables in ur diet.
正如中国哲学家老子所说：“千里之行，始于足下。”
用 which 或 as 填空。______ yu knw, if yu d the same thing ver and ver again, yu begin t d it autmatically.And ur prters carry yur luggage, ______ means that yu can simply enjy the experience.Smking is harmful t ne’s health, ______ is knwn t us all.It was raining heavily last night, _______ prevented me frm ging t the party.
as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前，而 which 则不能；as 引导的非限制性定语从句有“正如”之意，而 which意为“这” 或指代先行词
which
Cmpare and Find
Assignment
Translate the fllwing sentences
1.很快，我对电脑游戏上瘾了，这最终对我的身心健康造成了巨 大的伤害。2.正如俗语说的， 最大的财富是健康。3.他的头发越来越白了，简直像盖了一头皑皑的霜雪4.我们相信，有志者事竟成。5.一旦我们做出决定， 我们应该不遗余力地去实现它。
As the saying ges, the greatest wealth is health.
His hair is getting whiter and whiter, just like cvered with a head f frst and snw.
We believe that where there is a will, there is a way.
Once we make a decisin, we shuld spare n effrt t realize it.
Sn, I became addicted t cmputer games, which eventually did great harm t my physical and mental health.
Just ___ Aristtle put it,“We are what we repeatedly d.”In many aspects, ur lifestyle is the result f the chices that we have made. S ________(frm) gd habits is very imprtant, especially fr teenagers. That's because bad habits, if ____ (leave) unchecked, culd lead t mre serius nes when we becme adults. The gd news is that we can change ur bad habits if we understand ____ habits wrk. ___________(prevent) harmful habits frm dminating ur life, we shuld make use f the “habit cycle” t kick bad habits and develp gd nes. First we can facilitate ___ psitive change by examining ur bad habit cycles and trying t adapt them. Aside frm this, we shuld als frm gd habits n purpse. Gradually, we ________________ (reward) by ur actins. Many f us try t change bad habits quickly. But if we are nt successful straight away, dn't becme pessimistic. As a matter f fact, the______________ (successful) way t change is nt suddenly, but ver a perid f time. As the Chinese saying ges, “A jurney f a thusand miles _______ (begin)with a single step.” As lng as we __________(repeat) take many small steps, we are sure t get rid f bad habits and build a healthy life.
will be rewarded
mst successful
Text Review
词性转换1. dminate vt. & vi. 支配; 控制; 占有优势→__________n. 支配; 控制→_________adj. 占支配地位的; 占优势的; 显著的2. psychlgy n. 心理学; 心理; 心理影响→____________adj. 心理上的; 心理学的 3. reward n. 回报; 奖励; 报酬 vt. 奖励; 奖赏; 给以报酬→_________adj. 有益的; 报酬高的4. rely vi. 依赖; 依靠; 信赖→_______n. 依赖; 依靠; 信赖→_______adj. 可靠的; 可信赖的
psychlgical
5. pessimistic adj. 悲观的; 悲观主义的→_________n. 悲观→________n. 悲观主义者6. delete v. 删去; 删除→_______n. 删除7. liberate v. 解放; 使自由→_________n. 解放; 摆脱8. disturb vt. 打扰; 搅乱; 使烦恼→_________adj. 令人不安的; 引起烦恼的→_________adj. 心神不安的; 心烦意乱的9. refresh vt. 使恢复精力; 使凉爽; 刷新→_________adj. 提神的; 使人精力充沛的
Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Nbdy is fnd f Tm，wh always (辱骂) his new airprt has the further expansin f the city’s has ften been criticised fr an extremely (悲观的) view f and experiences may permanently influence a child’s character.
facilitated
pessimistic
5.T keep healthy，I will g upstairs n ft rather than by escalatr.6.I was with a beautiful vase fr my timely assistance t him.7.I guarantee that yu will benefit frm the wnderful speech delivered by the influential specialist in (心理学).8.I decided n (删除) fifty wrds frm my riginal reprt.
9.I was capable f the whle event that emerged dctr the student representative but fund nthing wrng.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空1.It is t try new things.Yu will be fr innvatin(创新).(reward)2.Yu can n Jhn t help yu ut，because he is a _______persn.(rely)3.Only after the maths did ur maths teacher g t hspital t have his stmach .(examine)4.If yu’re thinking r have a attitude twards everything in life，yu will be always a lser.(negative)
5.The directrs were unwilling t t these questins.As a cnsequence，they made n at all.(respnd)6.Accrding t the ，the tense disease f test is a cmmn prblem amng students.(psychlgy)
as在以上句子中引导__________从句; 意思含义________，相当于介词______ 引导的复合结构____________________________ As the Chinese philspher La Zi wrte, “ A jurney f a thusand miles begins with a single step.” (Para 6)as在以上句子中引导_______________从句; 在以上句子中做__________成分， 一般翻译成_______________。
As teenagers grw up, they becme mre independent and start making their wn decisins.(Para 1)
With teenagers grwing up，...
在成长过程中，青少年会变得越来越独立，并且开始自己做决定。
正如他们所预料的，比赛结果难分上下。由于飓风袭击，比赛被取消了。尽管他们很快乐，但总缺少点什么。他弃我而去如同光明离开黑夜。
The result f the cntest was a clse finish, as they had predicted. The race was called ff as a hurricane struck.Happy as they were, there was smething missing.He left me as the light left the night.
as还可以引导其它从句
虽然，尽管(thugh)
①Child as he is , he knws much .②I must stp writing nw , as I have a lt f wrk t d .③They did as I had asked .
阅读下列句子，写出句中黑体词的词性、词组和含义
①As spring cmes , everything cmes t life .→ With spring , everything cmes t life .②Althugh he might try , the yung man failed . → he might , the yung man failed .
Try as/thugh
1.随着科技的进步，我们的生活变得更加方便 2.正如俗话所说的：“赠人玫瑰，手有余香。3.(正如)孔子说，温故而知新。
As technlgy advances, ur lives becme mre cnvenient.
As an ld saying ges, "Rses given, fragrance in hand."
As Cnfucius said, "Cnsider the past, and yu shall knw the future."
2.T prevent harmful habits like these frm dminating a teenager’s life is essential. They must learn t recgnise bad habits early and make apprpriate changes.
防止像这样的有害习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的，他们必须学会及早发现坏习惯，并做出恰当的改变。
此句为“主系表”结构的简单句，其中主语较长，是___________________________________________________________
T prevent harmful habits like these frm dminating a teenager’s life
▲教材原句 T change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. After all, it is nt easy t break bad habits.
▲ It is a great hnr t be invited t Mary’s birthday party.
有时为了保持句子平衡，经常将不定式短语放到句子后面，尤其当不定式形式为被动结构时。
【即学即用】1.Theater wner said he chse the mvie because it seemed (apprpriately) clthes aren ' t apprpriate a frmal party ' s apprpriate that yu ( put ) n mre clthes .翻译句子牛仔裤不适合求职面试时穿。
(shuld) put
Jeans are nt apprpriate fr / t a jb interview
此处是 if 条件状语从句省略结构，完整的形式为 _________________________________.
These bad habits, if left unchecked, culd lead t mre serius nes when they becme adults.
if these bad habits are left unchecked
1)Therefre, I can explain the relevant infrmatin abut Chinese painting if______necessary.2)While_________picking ranges, I realised hw hard it was fr farmers t wrk in the fields.
这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，可能会导致他们长大后有更严重的坏习惯
2) 在if 引导的条件状语从句中，当状语从句的主语是 it，且谓语动词是 be 时，it 和 be 可以省略。If (it is) pssible, he will help yu ut f the difficulty.Yu must attend the meeting if (it is) cnvenient t yu.
if s;if any;if pssible;if ever;if nly(wish-虚拟语气)
1.如果任其发展, 大火可以摧毁这个森林.2.然而，如果不及时治疗，这个伤势会引发严重的症状和问题.(symptm)3.If nly yu had warned him earlier.
If left unchecked, the fire can destry the whle frest.
Hwever, if left untreated, the injury can lead t severe symptms and serius prblems.
要是你早些提醒他就好了.
⭐when、 while、 befre、 after、 unless、 as等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为it时，谓语有be动词时，通常省略从句中的主语和be动词。
状语从句省略成分后常见的类型：连词+ding/dne/ prep短语/ adj短语。
这种“连词+形容词/分词/prep短语”的结构，令表达更为简洁、紧凑
一旦穿上合适的衣服， 她马上重获自信。 当再三被问及同一个问题时，他变得越来越不耐烦。 除非给足时间，否则他们无法完成如此高难度的工作。沿河边散步的时候，她忽然看到桥上方有一道美丽的彩虹。没人和你说话之前请保持沉默。虽然年经，但她已经成 为一名顶尖的医生。
If invlved in the case, yu will be punished.
Once (she was) prperly dressed, she immediately regained her cnfidence.When (he was) asked the same questin again and again, he became increasingly impatient.Unless (they were) given enugh time, they are nt able t cmplete such a demanding task.While (she was) walking alng the river, she suddenly saw a beautiful rainbw ver the bridge.Please keep silent until (yu are) spken t. Thugh (she is) yung, she has already becme a leading dctr
语法填空1.Yu can have a wnderful view f the city if ________(stand ) n the tp f the building. 2. (2021·天津阅读理解改编)When_________(start ) cllege , mst students enjy a week’s stay n campus befre classes actually arising frm lack f cmmunicatin, unless _________(handle)prperly, may lead t serius prblems the steps yu take are wrking, keep it up. ______ (不然), take anther lk at ther methds yu culd medicine will wrk best if ______ (take) accrding t the instructins. 句式升级When it is seen frm a distance, t tell the truth, the scenery appears mre beautiful ______________________, t tell the truth, the scenery appears mre beautiful
When seen frm a distance
1. (2010浙江,8) The experiment shws that prper amunt f exercise, if _______ regularly, can imprve ur health. A. being carried ut B. carrying ut C. carried ut D. t carry ut 2. (2003上海春,37) Unless ________ t speak, yu shuld remain silent at the cnference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited4. (2003上海,39) Generally speaking, ________ accrding t the directins, the drug has n side effect. A. When taking B. When taken C. When t take D. When t be taken5. (2004湖北,28) _______ with the size f the whle earth, the biggest cean des nt seem big at all. A. Cmpare B. When cmpared C. Cmparing D. When cmparing6. (2006浙江,5) When _______ different cultures, we ften pay attentin t the differences withut nticing the many similarities. A. cmpared B. being cmpared C. cmparing D. having cmpared
There is a famus saying based n the philsphy f Aristtle: “We are what we repeatedly d.”
有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”
based n在句中是过去分词短语作_________，放在被修饰的名词后面，它的作用相当于一个_________。
作定语的现在分词所表示正在进行的动作(变为从句时要用进行时态)，或表示经常性的动作，或状态(变为从句时, 用一般时态)。
The True Stry f Ah Q written by Lu Xun is familiar t us.=The True Stry f Ah Q ____________________________is familiar t us.
He left the htel surrunded by crwds f jurnalists.=He left the htel __________________________________
which is written by Lu Xun
which was surrunded by crwds f jurnalists.
Tell the children playing there nt t make s much nise.=Tell the children______________________ nt t make s much nise.
The living rm has a brad bay windw facing the street.=The living rm has a brad bay windw_________________________
wh are playing there
that faces the street.
1. 他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没到过北京。2. 正在召开的这个会议很重要。3. Apart frm the urgent prblems _______ (cause) by wars and cnflicts, the UN helps cuntries with ther prblems such as lack f educatin, lack f fd, pverty, disasters and disease.4. (2016·全国卷I) I was the first Western TV reprter __________ (permit) t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.
Sme f them, brn and brught up in rural villages, had never been t Beijing.
The meeting being held nw is very imprtant.
The meeting which is being held nw is very imprtant.
Accrding t mdern psychlgy, we must first learn abut the “habit cycle”, which wrks like this： Firstly， there is a “cue” , an actin， event，r situatin that acts as a signal t d smething. Secndly, there is a “rutine”, the regular actin yu take in respnse t the cue.Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the gd thing r feeling we get frm the rutine.
同位语，对cue的内容进行解释说明
in respnse t 回答；答复
定语从句，修饰前面的同位语
Paragraph 3
Fr example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lts f unhealthy snacks (rutine)， which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much mre likely t cntinue the cycle, and the bad habit f relying n unhealthy snacks is frmed.
when引导的时间状语从句
which 引导非限制性定语从句
省略t的动词不定式作宾语补足语
Paragraph 4
Firstly , there is a " cue ", an actin , event , r situatin that acts as a signal t d smething .
第一是"触发因素"，即一个行动、事件或状况，充当要做某事的讯号。
signal that...
signal t sb t d srh
语境理解It ' s a pity that nbdy saw the signal made with a red flag .She signalled that she was abut t turn left .My mther is signalling t me t remve the table .
①胸部疼痛可能是心脏问题的警告信号。 Chest pains can be heart prblems .②她示意到离开的时候了。 She it was time t leave .③她示意我们跟她走。 She fllw her .
a warning signal f
signalled t us t
signalled that
There is the “reward”, the gd thing r feeling we get frm the rutine.
有“奖励”，即我们从惯例中得到的好东西或好感觉。
reward n. 回报；奖励；报酬
give/ ffer a reward t sb. fr sth. 为某事而给某人奖励in reward fr 作为（对）……的奖赏、回报
语境理解Her parents gave her a reward t her fr passing the examI send him a bk in reward fr his timely help.
▲ 【语境应用】单句语法填空1) Make the extra effrt t impress the buyer and yu will ____________ (reward) with a quicker sale at a better price.2) He decided t give a reward ____ infrmatin leading t the recvery f the missing diamnd.3) The girl rewarded him _____ a smile fr his help.
be rewarded
语境理解 “Thank yu, sn,” she said, and she rewarded him with a cin.He gave the children sme chclate t reward them fr behaving well.
reward v. 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
reward sb. with sth. 奖赏某人某物reward sb. fr (ding) sth. 为（做）某事奖赏某人
The reward makes us much mre likely t cntinue the cycle, and the bad habit f relying n unhealthy snacks is frmed.
rely n 依赖；依靠；信赖
1.Many peple nw wuld rely n (surfing) the Internet rather than read newspapers fr can rely n me t keep yur rely n it that he will finish the wrk tday.
rely n (ding) sth 依赖/信任/指望(做)某事
rely n sb t d sth 指望/相信某人做某事
rely n it that ... 相信……; 指望……
= depend n= cunt n
Self-learning
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1) 许多职业母亲依靠亲戚来帮她们照看孩子。 Many wrking mthers rely n relatives t help take care f their children.2) 我仅能依靠的是他能告诉我事实真相。 I nly rely n it that he can tell me the fact.
rely n后面跟从句时，先接it再接that
1.如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。(申请信结尾)2.你可以放心，我们大家都会一直支持你的。3.你可以相信他会来见你的
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd take my applicatin int cnsideratin.
Yu can depend n it that all f us will stand by yu all the time.
⭐Attentin:rely n后跟that从句时，常在从句之前加it，有类似用法的动词(短语)还有appreciate、 hate、 depend n、 see t(留意，注意；保证，确保完成)等。
Yu may rely n it that he will cme t meet yu.
S , when we feel unhappy again ( cue ), rather than eat snacks , we culd listen t sme f ur favurite music instead ( rutine ), which will make us feel relaxed ( reward ).
因此，当我们再次感到不高兴时（信号），我们可以听几首最喜爱的音乐（惯例），而不是吃零食，这会使我们感到放松（奖励）
★ rather than 而不是；与其……（不如）
1.rather than 连接两个并列成分，意为"而不是"，连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动名词、分词、不定式及动词等2.rather than 连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致
宁愿做….也不愿做……wuld d ... rather than d ... wuld rather d ... than d ... prefer t d ... rather than d ... .
用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。(1) She’d rather die than _____ (lse) the children.(2) He is an explrer rather than a ______ (sail).(3) Yu rather than I _____ (be) ging t g camping.(4) The sweater she bught was beautiful rather than ______ (cheaply).(5) She enjys singing rather than ________ (dance).(6) We will have the meeting in the classrm rather than ____ the great hall.(7) I decide t write rather than ______________ (telephne).(8) He came running rather than __________ (walk).(9)The yung student rather than his classmates ( be ) ging t travel tmrrwShe likes keeping things rather than t thrw them away. （改错）是文化而不是语言使他难以适应国外的新环境。 (强调句)
It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard fr him t adapt t the new envirnment abrad.
Aside frm changing bad habits, we can als use the habit cycle t create gd habits.
A. 包括在内， =besides, as well as, in additin t B. 除...之外，不包括在内， =except C. 整体中指出不足; 例外，无同类语） =except fr
aside/apart frm sb/sth/ding sth
翻译句子：（1）除了定期运动，健康饮食也是一个控制体重的方法。（2）教室里除了一个坐在窗边的男孩之外，别无他人。
Aside frm/apart frm/Besides ding sprts regularly,eating healthily is als a way t take cntrl f weight.
The classrm was empty aside frm/apart frm /except fr a by seated by the windw.
… if we are nt successful straight away, we ften becme pessimistic and give up.
straight away: immediately r withut delay 立即；马上
【拓展】cme/ get straight t the pint 开门见山 g straight hme 直接回家be straight with sb. 对某人坦诚 get sth. straight （口语）弄清楚某事
我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，往往变得悲观，继而放弃。
语境理解I’ll cme straight t the pint — yur wrk isn’t gd enugh.I’m ging straight hme after the class.I hpe my clse friends can be straight with me.I culd never lie t my mther because she’d see thrugh me straight away.I shuld g and see a dctr straight away.
Hwever, there is n "magic pill” r delete buttn that will help yu
然而，能帮助你的“魔 力丸”或删除键并不存在……
magic pill意为“灵丹妙药”。delete buttn意为“删除键”。这里magic pill和delete buttn均是暗喻用法，意指“快速改变坏习惯的良策”。暗喻是英语表达中最常见的修辞手法之一。此处的暗喻运用巧妙，把寻求the way f changing bad habits quickly,改变不良习惯的急切心情表达的形象、生动、富感染力
Translate the sentences belw and tell which examples emply simile r metaphr ?
1.Lng ag, he envisined rice plants as tall as a srghum,with each ear f rice as big as a brm,and each grain f rice as huge as a was like a bx f chclates. Yu never knw what yu’re ging t is a gd servant but an evil master.
self-learning （wrk in pairs）
simile:By using like, as, as if/ thugh, A is similar t B,
metaphr:By using the link wrd “be” r the verbs
Hw t write a simile and metaphr
Tip 1: By using like, as, as if/ thugh, A is similar t B,
1.沿路的风景就像一幅美丽的画卷。
The scenery alng the jurney is just like a breathtaking landscape painting.
Her anger was a vlcan abut t erupt.
2.她的怒火就是一座即将爆发的火山
Tip 2: By using the link wrd “be” r the verbs
Fr example, when we cme t an escalatr (cue), ur nrmal rutine is t ride it, but we culd change this rutine int smething mre psitive by taking the stairs instead.
过去我学英语的最大困难是开口说，但是通过参加英语俱乐部我让这件事变得容易多了。In the past, my biggest difficulty in learning English was t pen my muth t speak, but I made it easier by taking part in an English club.
In fact, the mst successful way t change is nt suddenly, but ver a perid f time. ▲这是一个含有“nt…but…”结构的简单句。
The value f life lies nt in the length f days, but in the use that we make f them.
生命的价值不在于其长短，而在于我们如何利用它。
As the Chinese philspher La Zi wrte, “ A jurney f a thusand miles begins with a single step.” (Para 5)
(1) 学校广播宣布，运动会将于下月举行。(2) 正如我所指出的，日常饮食包含蔬菜很重要。
As is annunced n the schl radi, the sprts meet will be held next mnth.
As I have pinted ut, it is imprtant t include vegetables in ur diet.
正如中国哲学家老子所说：“千里之行，始于足下。”
用 which 或 as 填空。______ yu knw, if yu d the same thing ver and ver again, yu begin t d it autmatically.And ur prters carry yur luggage, ______ means that yu can simply enjy the experience.Smking is harmful t ne’s health, ______ is knwn t us all.It was raining heavily last night, _______ prevented me frm ging t the party.
as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前，而 which 则不能；as 引导的非限制性定语从句有“正如”之意，而 which意为“这” 或指代先行词
which
Cmpare and Find
Assignment
Translate the fllwing sentences
1.很快，我对电脑游戏上瘾了，这最终对我的身心健康造成了巨 大的伤害。2.正如俗语说的， 最大的财富是健康。3.他的头发越来越白了，简直像盖了一头皑皑的霜雪4.我们相信，有志者事竟成。5.一旦我们做出决定， 我们应该不遗余力地去实现它。
As the saying ges, the greatest wealth is health.
His hair is getting whiter and whiter, just like cvered with a head f frst and snw.
We believe that where there is a will, there is a way.
Once we make a decisin, we shuld spare n effrt t realize it.
Sn, I became addicted t cmputer games, which eventually did great harm t my physical and mental health.
Just ___ Aristtle put it,“We are what we repeatedly d.”In many aspects, ur lifestyle is the result f the chices that we have made. S ________(frm) gd habits is very imprtant, especially fr teenagers. That's because bad habits, if ____ (leave) unchecked, culd lead t mre serius nes when we becme adults. The gd news is that we can change ur bad habits if we understand ____ habits wrk. ___________(prevent) harmful habits frm dminating ur life, we shuld make use f the “habit cycle” t kick bad habits and develp gd nes. First we can facilitate ___ psitive change by examining ur bad habit cycles and trying t adapt them. Aside frm this, we shuld als frm gd habits n purpse. Gradually, we ________________ (reward) by ur actins. Many f us try t change bad habits quickly. But if we are nt successful straight away, dn't becme pessimistic. As a matter f fact, the______________ (successful) way t change is nt suddenly, but ver a perid f time. As the Chinese saying ges, “A jurney f a thusand miles _______ (begin)with a single step.” As lng as we __________(repeat) take many small steps, we are sure t get rid f bad habits and build a healthy life.
will be rewarded
mst successful
Text Review
词性转换1. dminate vt. & vi. 支配; 控制; 占有优势→__________n. 支配; 控制→_________adj. 占支配地位的; 占优势的; 显著的2. psychlgy n. 心理学; 心理; 心理影响→____________adj. 心理上的; 心理学的 3. reward n. 回报; 奖励; 报酬 vt. 奖励; 奖赏; 给以报酬→_________adj. 有益的; 报酬高的4. rely vi. 依赖; 依靠; 信赖→_______n. 依赖; 依靠; 信赖→_______adj. 可靠的; 可信赖的
psychlgical
5. pessimistic adj. 悲观的; 悲观主义的→_________n. 悲观→________n. 悲观主义者6. delete v. 删去; 删除→_______n. 删除7. liberate v. 解放; 使自由→_________n. 解放; 摆脱8. disturb vt. 打扰; 搅乱; 使烦恼→_________adj. 令人不安的; 引起烦恼的→_________adj. 心神不安的; 心烦意乱的9. refresh vt. 使恢复精力; 使凉爽; 刷新→_________adj. 提神的; 使人精力充沛的
Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Nbdy is fnd f Tm，wh always (辱骂) his new airprt has the further expansin f the city’s has ften been criticised fr an extremely (悲观的) view f and experiences may permanently influence a child’s character.
facilitated
pessimistic
5.T keep healthy，I will g upstairs n ft rather than by escalatr.6.I was with a beautiful vase fr my timely assistance t him.7.I guarantee that yu will benefit frm the wnderful speech delivered by the influential specialist in (心理学).8.I decided n (删除) fifty wrds frm my riginal reprt.
9.I was capable f the whle event that emerged dctr the student representative but fund nthing wrng.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空1.It is t try new things.Yu will be fr innvatin(创新).(reward)2.Yu can n Jhn t help yu ut，because he is a _______persn.(rely)3.Only after the maths did ur maths teacher g t hspital t have his stmach .(examine)4.If yu’re thinking r have a attitude twards everything in life，yu will be always a lser.(negative)
5.The directrs were unwilling t t these questins.As a cnsequence，they made n at all.(respnd)6.Accrding t the ，the tense disease f test is a cmmn prblem amng students.(psychlgy)
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