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外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Friends forever优秀习题
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这是一份外研版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Friends forever优秀习题，文件包含Unit4FriendsforeverDevelopingideasreading分层练习原卷版docx、Unit4FriendsforeverDevelopingideasreading分层练习解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共13页， 欢迎下载使用。
分层练习
语言知识
一、（2024·高一课时练习）单词拼写
1 He spent a lt f years ______________ (获得) his skills as a surgen(外科医生).
2 The satellite ______________ (使能够) us t calculate their precise lcatin anywhere in the wrld.
3 His vice n the phne is very f_______________ t me, but I just can’t say his name.
4 I set ff fr a new _______________ (历险) in the United States n the first day f new year.
5 Sme peple say that wmen _____________ (往往/易于...) t live lnger than men.
6 Methds used by yunger teachers differ _________________ (显著地) frm thse used by lder nes.
7 I s____________ a match(火柴) and lked at my watch. Nearly twelve!
8 Whenever she was is upset, she always turns t her best friend fr advice and c_____________.
9 That rganizatin has firmly _____________ (撇清关系) itself frm the anti-gvernment mvement.
10 The yung man was caught n the bus by a pliceman in ____________ (简单的、朴素的) clthes.
【答案】
1 acquiring 2 enables 3 familiar 4 adventure 5 tend 6 significantly 7 struck 8 cmfrt 9 distanced 10 plain
二、（2024·高一课时练习）单项选择
1．Dn't lse heart r feel frustrated if yu are ________ by yur dream schl and yu may cntinue t pursue and request an appeal t its Faculty Admissins Cmmittee, trying t add smething new abut yurself.
A．turned in B．turned ver C．turned dwn D．turned up
2．Knwing the milk delivery service was suspended withut ntice, I did nt ________ t call the curier fr a check, because I trusted him and it ________ me that he might be under quarantine.
A．feel like; hit B．prmpt; ccurred C．request; dawned D．bther; struck
3．E-sprts enthusiasts are taking steps t ________ ld ntins abut vide games and sme even ________ this activity as a ptential career.
A．strike; recgnize B．shatter; perceive C．discard; admit D．bury; predict
4．T ur great surprise, the class meeting ________ t be a big success.
A．turned n B．turned up C．turned dwn D．turned ut
5．I was expecting him at ten, but he didn’t ________.
A．turn n B．catch up C．turn up D．get n
【答案】
1．C
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你被梦想的学校拒绝了，不要灰心或者感到沮丧，你可以继续追求并请求其招生委员会试试，同时尽力增加一些关于自己的新东西。A. turned in交还；B. turned ver翻转；C. turned dwn拒绝；D. turned up露面。由上文的“lse heart r feel frustrated”可知，在被梦想的学校拒绝后的条件下，感到灰心，感到沮丧。故选C。
2．D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道牛奶配送服务在没有通知的情况下被暂停了，我没有打电话给配送员核对，因为我信任他，突然想到他可能正在被隔离。A. feel like想要；hit打击；B. prmpt促进；ccurred发生；C. request要求；dawned开始出现；D. bther烦扰；struck（使）突然想起。bther t d sth.费心做某事。It struck sb. that …某人突然想到……。故选D。
3．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：电子竞技爱好者正在采取措施打破关于电子游戏的旧观念，有些人甚至认为这是一项潜在的职业。第一空：strike打击；shatter打破；discard抛弃；bury安葬。根据后文“ld ntins abut vide games”指打破关于电子游戏的旧观念应用shatter；第二空：recgnize认出；perceive认为；admit承认；predict预测。根据后文“this activity as a ptential career”表示“认为”应用perceive sth. as。综上，故选B。
4．D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：令我们大为惊讶的是，班会结果竟然大获成功。A. turned n打开；B. turned up出现，调大；C. turned dwn拒绝，调小；D. turned ut结果是，证明是。根据“t be a big success”可知，此处表示班会结果是巨大的成功。故选D。
5．C
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在10点的时候，我一直期待他，但是他没有出现。A. turn n打开；B. catch up追赶；C. turn up出现；D. get n上车，出人头地。根据“I was expecting him at ten, but”可知，此处应表示“出现”，故选C。
三、（2024·高一课时练习）完成句子
1．Tragedy s________when several peple were crushed t death in the crwd. (v. t suddenly happens r suddenly begins t affect smene)（根据首字母单词拼写）
2．Reducing levels f carbn dixide in the a________ is f critical significance. （根据首字母单词拼写）
3．Nt c________ t the fact, his descriptin f that accident cannt be used as evidence. （根据首字母单词拼写）
4．I class myself as an ________ (普通的) wrking persn. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
5．Yellw Hstel is affrdable, and it’s gt a fun ________ (氛围) withut being t nisy. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
6．The play ________ (以……为背景) the early days f Wrld War Ⅱ is ppular with the ld peple.（根据汉语提示完成句子）
7．Children always seem t ________ (渴望) Christmas t cme. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
8．We are angry because the gds d nt ________ (和……一致) the samples they sent us. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
9．Nw there are many yung men in ur sciety dreaming f ________ (发财)withut hard wrk. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
10．He drve s fast that the car disappeared ________ (在远处) right away. （根据汉语提示完成句子）【答案】
1．struck
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：悲剧发生了，人群中有几人被压死。（动词，突然发生或突然开始影响某人）根据英文解释和首字母可知，空处表示“突然发生；突然袭击”应用动词strike，根据从句时态可知，用一般过去时。故填struck。
2．atmsphere
【详解】考查名词。句意：降低大气中的二氧化碳水平具有至关重要的意义。根据单词首字母以及句意“大气”可知应填名词atmsphere，作宾语。故填atmsphere。
3．crrespnding
【详解】考查动词。句意：他对事故的描述与事实不符，不能作为证据。根据单词首字母以及句意“符合”可知应填动词crrespnd，与逻辑主语descriptin 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填crrespnding。
4．rdinary
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我把自己看作一名普通工人。空处应用形容词做定语，根据汉语提示及an可知，形容词rdinary(普通的)符合，作定语，修饰wrking persn。故填rdinary。
5．atmsphere
【详解】考查名词作宾语。句意：Yellw Hstel价格实惠，氛围有趣而又不太吵。分析句子成分可知，设空处跟在谓语动词has gt后面充当宾语；根据汉语提示“氛围“可知，要填atmsphere。故填atmsphere。
6．set in
【详解】考查固定短语和过去分词。句意：这出以第二次世界大战早期为背景的戏很受老年人的欢迎。设空处修饰The play作定语，和名词之间是被动关系，用过去分词，短语be set in，意为“以……为背景”，故填set in。
7．be anxius fr
【详解】考查形容词短语。句意：孩子们总是看起来渴望圣诞节的到来。表达：渴望，英语用be anxius fr。空格前是不定式符号t ，因此空格处是动词原形。故填be anxius fr。
8．crrespnd t
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们很生气，因为商品与他们寄给我们的样品不相符。短语crrespnd t，意为“和……一致”，接在助动词 d nt后，应动词原形，故填crrespnd t。
9．making a/their frtune
【详解】考查固定短语和动名词。句意：现在在我们的社会中有许多年轻人梦想着不需要努力工作就能获得他们的财富。短语making a/ne's frtune，意为“发财”，接在介词f后，应用动名词，故填making a/their frtune。
10．in the distance
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他开得太快了，汽车马上就消失在了远处。短语in the distance，意为“在远处”，根据提示，故填in the distance。
知识应用
（2022-2023学年下学期·江苏南京六校联合体·高一期末）阅读理解
There’s n dubt that psitive thinking impacts ne’s life. Hwever, in recent years, I’ve cme t understand that perhaps psitive thinking can result in txic(有毒的) psitivity, which has negative results. What we shuld be aiming fr instead is emtinal validatin(确认) .
Txic psitivity is the maintenance f psitive thinking even in situatins where it isn’t apprpriate. “It ften cmes at the risk f denying(否认) ur wn real feelings r the feelings f thers,” says Nina Vasan, MD. While psitive thinking in general is a great thing, txic psitivity isn’t. It’s the act f denying anything negative that’s actually happening, and it can invlve making peple feel bad fr having nrmal human emtins. Smene practicing txic psitivity might say things like “everything happens fr a reasn” r “just lk n the bright side” when a friend shares smething difficult in his/her life.
Vasan tells us that with txic psitivity, emtins like srrw and anger are pushed aside. Hwever, emtinal validatin allws yu t have yur feelings. T be exact, emtinal validatin is abut allwing peple t experience their feelings and acknwledging that having negative feelings is real and ften imprtant. That desn’t mean it prmtes and encurages negative thinking endlessly, thugh.
Txic psitivity encurages us t fcus nly n the psitive, which can stp us frm dealing with the feelings we need t wrk thrugh. Practicing emtinal validatin is a healthier ptin fr yu and the nes yu lve. “This can be as simple as saying ‘I understand yu’re really sad’.” explains Vasan. Offering yur understanding shws ur lved nes that we care abut their feelings. Besides, instead f telling smene t lk n the bright side, yu shuld ffer wrds and thughts f supprt instead.
Txic psitivity has becme prevalent, and yu prbably knw a lt f peple wh dismiss yur negative experiences with statements like “yu’re t sensitive”. Nw yu can say: Whatever yu’re feeling is temprary and allwing yurself t feel it will help yu get thrugh it.
1. What is emtinal validatin?
A. Aviding risks in terrible situatins.B. Denying peple’s negative feelings.
C. Maintaining psitive in hard times.D. Accepting emtinal ups and dwns.
2. What may the authr recmmend yu t say t a sad persn?
A. Perhaps smething frtunate is still waiting fr yu.
B. I’m sure there’s a gd reasn fr what has happened.
C. Yu have every right t feel upset and I am here fr yu.
D. I understand yur sadness but being sensitive is n gd.
3. What des the underlined wrd “prevalent” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A. Creative.B. Widespread.C. Challenging.D. Enrmus.
4. What is the main idea f the text?
A. Admitting negativity is reasnable.B. Prmting psitivity is wrthwhile.
C. Sticking t psitivity is significant.D. Expressing negativity is inapprpriate.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了有毒的积极性具有负面影响，我们应该转向情感认可，去正视别人的情感，承认别人的消极情绪。
1. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Hwever, emtinal validatin allws yu t have yur feelings. T be exact, emtinal validatin is abut allwing peple t experience their feelings and acknwledging that having negative feelings is real and ften imprtant.(然而，情感认可可以让你有自己的感受。确切地说，情感认可让人们体验自己的感受，并承认负面感受是真实的，而且往往很重要。)”可知，情感认可接受情绪的起伏。故选D。
2. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Nw yu can say: Whatever yu’re feeling is temprary and allwing yurself t feel it will help yu get thrugh it.(现在你可以说：你感觉到的一切都是暂时的，允许自己去感受它，这会帮助你渡过它。)”可知，作者认为可以认可对方的负面情绪，让对方去感受自己的负面情绪。根据第四段中的“Besides, instead f telling smene t lk n the bright side, yu shuld ffer wrds and thughts f supprt instead.(此外，不要告诉别人往好的方面看，你应该用语言和思想来支持他们。)”可知，作者认为要支持情绪低落的人。由此可推测出，C项“你有权利感到沮丧，我在这里陪着你。”最适合对一个悲伤的人说。故选C。
3. 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“yu prbably knw a lt f peple wh dismiss yur negative experiences with statements like ‘yu’re t sensitive’”可知，有很多人用“你太敏感了”这种话来驳斥你，由此可推测出，有毒的积极性很盛行，prevalent意为“普遍存在的，盛行的”，与widespread(普遍的，广泛的)意思最接近。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段中的“I’ve cme t understand that perhaps psitive thinking can result in txic(有毒的) psitivity, which has negative results. What we shuld be aiming fr instead is emtinal validatin(确认).(然而，近年来，我逐渐明白，也许积极的想法会导致有毒的积极性，这会产生负面的结果。相反，我们应该追求情感认可。)”可知，本文主要讲述了有毒的积极性具有负面影响，我们应该转向情感认可，去正视别人的情感，承认别人的消极情绪。因此，A项“承认负面情感是合理的”符合文章大意。故选A。
五、（2022-2023学年下学期·福建宁德·高一期末）完形填空
Many wnderful teachers have helped shape my life. One teacher wh especially stands ut in my 1 was Mr. Patrick Gallagher. He was my histry teacher in high schl, and ne f the 2 f a service club in which I was an fficer.
Maya Angelu nce said, “Peple will frget what yu said, peple will frget what yu did, but peple will never frget hw yu made them 3 .” I remember Mr. Gallagher made me feel like I was 4 . He made me see things abut myself that I never 5 . He encuraged me t be a student 6 , saying I was an inclusive(包容的) persn wh always tried t 7 thers int a situatin. He believed in me, and I wanted t live up t(不辜负) his gd 8 f me.
On days when I feel a little lst r 9 , I still pull ut the letter f schlarship recmmendatin he 10 fr me. Thse 11 still have the pwer t make me nce again feel wrthy and 12 .
Frm Mr. Gallagher, I learned t shine a light n students’ 13 and help them see their wn special qualities. I lk fr ways t tell students all the 14 I see in them, s they, t, can 15 smeday and remember that a teacher saw in them a bright student with s much ptential(潜能).
1. A. dreamB. hnrC. memryD. imaginatin
2. A. wrkersB. narratrsC. advisersD. clleagues
3. A. wrkB. feelC. respndD. think
4. A. specialB. carefulC. energeticD. flexible
5. A. admittedB. realizedC. rememberedD. expressed
6. A. assistantB. waiterC. memberD. leader
7. A. persuadeB. cheatC. frceD. welcme
8. A. explanatinB. nticeC. pininD. standard
9. A. highB. excitedC. lwD. embarrassed
10. A. wrteB. reservedC. gtD. answered
11. A. impressinsB. wrdsC. suggestinsD. tasks
12. A. capableB. generusC. fancyD. dd
13. A. strengthsB. actinC. infrmatinD. prblems
14. A. lveB. gdC. determinatinD. kindness
15. A. pay backB. lk backC. get backD. turn back
【答案】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者高中的历史老师帮助作者看到自己的特殊和优点，对作者产生了深远的影响，也让作者成为老师后同样对待自己的学生。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Patrick Gallagher先生是我记忆中特别突出的一位老师。A. dream梦；B. hnr荣誉；C. memry记忆；D. imaginatin想象。根据前句“Many wnderful teachers have helped shape my life.(许多优秀的老师帮助塑造了我的生活。)”可知，这里是在回忆自己曾经的老师，Patrick Gallagher先生在作者的记忆中尤为突出。故选C。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是我高中时的历史老师，也是我担任干部的一个服务俱乐部的顾问之一。A. wrkers员工；B. narratrs叙述者；C. advisers顾问；D. clleagues同事。根据句中的“He was my histry teacher in high schl”和空后的“f a service club”可知，Patrick Gallagher是高中老师，同时也在一个服务俱乐部当顾问。故选C。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们会忘记你说了什么，人们会忘记了你做了什么，但人们永远不会忘记你给他们带来的感受。A. wrk工作；B. feel感觉；C. respnd回应；D. think思考。根据下句“I remember Mr. Gallagher made me feel like I was __4__.”可知。这里是说人们永远不会忘记你给他们带来的感受。故选B。
4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我记得Gallagher先生让我觉得自己很特别。A. special特别的，特殊的；B. careful小心的；C. energetic精力充沛的；D. flexible灵活的。根据最后一段中的“help them see their wn special qualities”可知，这里是special的原词复现，表示Gallagher老师让作者觉得自己很特别。故选A。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他让我看到了我从未意识到自己有的那些东西。A. admitted承认；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记得；D. expressed表达。根据句中的“made me see things abut myself”可知，老师让作者看到自己身上有的东西，而作者从来没有意识到自己有这些东西。故选B。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他鼓励我成为一名学生领导，说我是一个包容性强的人，总是尽力欢迎别人加入。A. assistant助理；B. waiter服务员；C. member成员；D. leader领导者。根据句中的“I was an inclusive(包容的) persn wh always tried t __7__ thers int a situatin”可知，老师鼓励作者当学生领导。故选D。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. persuade说服；B. cheat欺骗；C. frce强迫；D. welcme欢迎，迎接。根据句中的“I was an inclusive(包容的) persn”可知，有包容心的人才会欢迎别人加入。故选D。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他相信我，我想不辜负他对我的好评价。A. explanatin解释；B. ntice注意；C. pinin观点，看法；D. standard标准。根据上文中的“saying I was an inclusive(包容的) persn wh always tried t __7__ thers int a situatin”可知，老师给予了作者好的评价。故选C。
9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我感到有点迷惘或情绪低落的日子里，我仍然会拿出他为我写的奖学金推荐信。A. high高兴的，兴奋的；B. excited兴奋的；C. lw；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据r前面的lst，这里r连接的应是两个感情色彩相近的词，表达的应是作者感到情绪低落。故选C。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. wrte写；B. reserved预订；C. gt得到；D. answered回答。根据空前的“the letter f schlarship recmmendatin he”和空后的“fr me”可知，老师为作者写了奖学金推荐信。故选A。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些字仍然有力量让我再次感到有价值和有能力。A. impressins印象；B. wrds话语，字；C. suggestins建议；D. tasks任务。根据上文中的“the letter f schlarship recmmendatin”可知，这里是说老师写的奖学金推荐信里的字。故选B。
12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. capable有能力；B. generus慷慨的；C. fancy精致的；D. dd古怪的。根据and前的wrthy可知，and前后表示的内容应褒贬一致，所以这里应是这些字让作者再次感到自己有能力。故选A。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从Gallagher老师那里，我学会了发掘学生的长处，帮助他们看到自己的特殊品质。A. strengths优点，长处；B. actin行动；C. infrmatin信息；D. prblems问题。根据空后的“and help them see their wn special qualities”可知，这里是说作者学会发掘学生身上的长处。故选A。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想办法告诉学生们我在他们身上看到的所有优点，这样他们也可以有一天回过头来，记住一位老师在他们身上看到一个有很多潜力的聪明学生。A. lve爱；B. gd善，优点；C. determinatin决心；D. kindness善良。根据上文中的“I learned t shine a light n students’ __13__ and help them see their wn special qualities”可知，作者会告诉学生自己在学生身上看到的所有优点。故选B。
15. 考查动词短语辨析。句意参考上题。A. pay back报复；B. lk back回忆，回顾；C. get back返回；D. turn back(使)原路返回。根据and后的remember可知，这里是说学生在某一天回首往事。故选B。
六、（2022-2023学年下学期·江苏南通高一期末）应用文写作
假定你是李华，暑假即将来临，你的老师Tny准备布置线上课程，帮助同学利用假期学习。你认为线上课程存在问题，请你给Tny老师写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 说明问题；
2. 提出建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：线上课程nline curses
Dear Tny,
I’m yur student, Li Hua.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Tny,
I’m yur student, Li Hua. I’m writing t share with yu my idea abut the nline curses t be assigned.
Persnally, well-meant as the curses are, sme students dn’t take them seriusly. In that case, their learning efficiency wn’t be guaranteed. Wrse still, t much time spent learning nline is likely t harm their physical and mental health. Hence, t hld the students’ attentin and ensure their health, I strngly recmmend mre interesting curses and a shrtened duratin.
I sincerely hpe my advice is f practical use t yu. Lking frward t yur early reply.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给老师Tny写邮件，反馈线上课程存在的问题，并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
主意/观点：idea→pinin
保证：guarantee→assure
有吸引力的：interesting→appealing
真诚地：sincerely→genuinely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Wrse still, t much time spent learning nline is likely t harm their physical and mental health.
拓展句：Wrse still, if they spend t much time learning nline, their physical and mental health is likely t be harmed.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Persnally, well-meant as the curses are, sme students dn’t take them seriusly.(运用了让步状语从句的倒装结构)
【高分句型2】Wrse still, t much time spent learning nline is likely t harm their physical and mental health.(运用了过去分词作后置定语)
分层练习
语言知识
一、（2024·高一课时练习）单词拼写
1 He spent a lt f years ______________ (获得) his skills as a surgen(外科医生).
2 The satellite ______________ (使能够) us t calculate their precise lcatin anywhere in the wrld.
3 His vice n the phne is very f_______________ t me, but I just can’t say his name.
4 I set ff fr a new _______________ (历险) in the United States n the first day f new year.
5 Sme peple say that wmen _____________ (往往/易于...) t live lnger than men.
6 Methds used by yunger teachers differ _________________ (显著地) frm thse used by lder nes.
7 I s____________ a match(火柴) and lked at my watch. Nearly twelve!
8 Whenever she was is upset, she always turns t her best friend fr advice and c_____________.
9 That rganizatin has firmly _____________ (撇清关系) itself frm the anti-gvernment mvement.
10 The yung man was caught n the bus by a pliceman in ____________ (简单的、朴素的) clthes.
【答案】
1 acquiring 2 enables 3 familiar 4 adventure 5 tend 6 significantly 7 struck 8 cmfrt 9 distanced 10 plain
二、（2024·高一课时练习）单项选择
1．Dn't lse heart r feel frustrated if yu are ________ by yur dream schl and yu may cntinue t pursue and request an appeal t its Faculty Admissins Cmmittee, trying t add smething new abut yurself.
A．turned in B．turned ver C．turned dwn D．turned up
2．Knwing the milk delivery service was suspended withut ntice, I did nt ________ t call the curier fr a check, because I trusted him and it ________ me that he might be under quarantine.
A．feel like; hit B．prmpt; ccurred C．request; dawned D．bther; struck
3．E-sprts enthusiasts are taking steps t ________ ld ntins abut vide games and sme even ________ this activity as a ptential career.
A．strike; recgnize B．shatter; perceive C．discard; admit D．bury; predict
4．T ur great surprise, the class meeting ________ t be a big success.
A．turned n B．turned up C．turned dwn D．turned ut
5．I was expecting him at ten, but he didn’t ________.
A．turn n B．catch up C．turn up D．get n
【答案】
1．C
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你被梦想的学校拒绝了，不要灰心或者感到沮丧，你可以继续追求并请求其招生委员会试试，同时尽力增加一些关于自己的新东西。A. turned in交还；B. turned ver翻转；C. turned dwn拒绝；D. turned up露面。由上文的“lse heart r feel frustrated”可知，在被梦想的学校拒绝后的条件下，感到灰心，感到沮丧。故选C。
2．D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道牛奶配送服务在没有通知的情况下被暂停了，我没有打电话给配送员核对，因为我信任他，突然想到他可能正在被隔离。A. feel like想要；hit打击；B. prmpt促进；ccurred发生；C. request要求；dawned开始出现；D. bther烦扰；struck（使）突然想起。bther t d sth.费心做某事。It struck sb. that …某人突然想到……。故选D。
3．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：电子竞技爱好者正在采取措施打破关于电子游戏的旧观念，有些人甚至认为这是一项潜在的职业。第一空：strike打击；shatter打破；discard抛弃；bury安葬。根据后文“ld ntins abut vide games”指打破关于电子游戏的旧观念应用shatter；第二空：recgnize认出；perceive认为；admit承认；predict预测。根据后文“this activity as a ptential career”表示“认为”应用perceive sth. as。综上，故选B。
4．D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：令我们大为惊讶的是，班会结果竟然大获成功。A. turned n打开；B. turned up出现，调大；C. turned dwn拒绝，调小；D. turned ut结果是，证明是。根据“t be a big success”可知，此处表示班会结果是巨大的成功。故选D。
5．C
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在10点的时候，我一直期待他，但是他没有出现。A. turn n打开；B. catch up追赶；C. turn up出现；D. get n上车，出人头地。根据“I was expecting him at ten, but”可知，此处应表示“出现”，故选C。
三、（2024·高一课时练习）完成句子
1．Tragedy s________when several peple were crushed t death in the crwd. (v. t suddenly happens r suddenly begins t affect smene)（根据首字母单词拼写）
2．Reducing levels f carbn dixide in the a________ is f critical significance. （根据首字母单词拼写）
3．Nt c________ t the fact, his descriptin f that accident cannt be used as evidence. （根据首字母单词拼写）
4．I class myself as an ________ (普通的) wrking persn. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
5．Yellw Hstel is affrdable, and it’s gt a fun ________ (氛围) withut being t nisy. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
6．The play ________ (以……为背景) the early days f Wrld War Ⅱ is ppular with the ld peple.（根据汉语提示完成句子）
7．Children always seem t ________ (渴望) Christmas t cme. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
8．We are angry because the gds d nt ________ (和……一致) the samples they sent us. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
9．Nw there are many yung men in ur sciety dreaming f ________ (发财)withut hard wrk. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
10．He drve s fast that the car disappeared ________ (在远处) right away. （根据汉语提示完成句子）【答案】
1．struck
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：悲剧发生了，人群中有几人被压死。（动词，突然发生或突然开始影响某人）根据英文解释和首字母可知，空处表示“突然发生；突然袭击”应用动词strike，根据从句时态可知，用一般过去时。故填struck。
2．atmsphere
【详解】考查名词。句意：降低大气中的二氧化碳水平具有至关重要的意义。根据单词首字母以及句意“大气”可知应填名词atmsphere，作宾语。故填atmsphere。
3．crrespnding
【详解】考查动词。句意：他对事故的描述与事实不符，不能作为证据。根据单词首字母以及句意“符合”可知应填动词crrespnd，与逻辑主语descriptin 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填crrespnding。
4．rdinary
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我把自己看作一名普通工人。空处应用形容词做定语，根据汉语提示及an可知，形容词rdinary(普通的)符合，作定语，修饰wrking persn。故填rdinary。
5．atmsphere
【详解】考查名词作宾语。句意：Yellw Hstel价格实惠，氛围有趣而又不太吵。分析句子成分可知，设空处跟在谓语动词has gt后面充当宾语；根据汉语提示“氛围“可知，要填atmsphere。故填atmsphere。
6．set in
【详解】考查固定短语和过去分词。句意：这出以第二次世界大战早期为背景的戏很受老年人的欢迎。设空处修饰The play作定语，和名词之间是被动关系，用过去分词，短语be set in，意为“以……为背景”，故填set in。
7．be anxius fr
【详解】考查形容词短语。句意：孩子们总是看起来渴望圣诞节的到来。表达：渴望，英语用be anxius fr。空格前是不定式符号t ，因此空格处是动词原形。故填be anxius fr。
8．crrespnd t
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们很生气，因为商品与他们寄给我们的样品不相符。短语crrespnd t，意为“和……一致”，接在助动词 d nt后，应动词原形，故填crrespnd t。
9．making a/their frtune
【详解】考查固定短语和动名词。句意：现在在我们的社会中有许多年轻人梦想着不需要努力工作就能获得他们的财富。短语making a/ne's frtune，意为“发财”，接在介词f后，应用动名词，故填making a/their frtune。
10．in the distance
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他开得太快了，汽车马上就消失在了远处。短语in the distance，意为“在远处”，根据提示，故填in the distance。
知识应用
（2022-2023学年下学期·江苏南京六校联合体·高一期末）阅读理解
There’s n dubt that psitive thinking impacts ne’s life. Hwever, in recent years, I’ve cme t understand that perhaps psitive thinking can result in txic(有毒的) psitivity, which has negative results. What we shuld be aiming fr instead is emtinal validatin(确认) .
Txic psitivity is the maintenance f psitive thinking even in situatins where it isn’t apprpriate. “It ften cmes at the risk f denying(否认) ur wn real feelings r the feelings f thers,” says Nina Vasan, MD. While psitive thinking in general is a great thing, txic psitivity isn’t. It’s the act f denying anything negative that’s actually happening, and it can invlve making peple feel bad fr having nrmal human emtins. Smene practicing txic psitivity might say things like “everything happens fr a reasn” r “just lk n the bright side” when a friend shares smething difficult in his/her life.
Vasan tells us that with txic psitivity, emtins like srrw and anger are pushed aside. Hwever, emtinal validatin allws yu t have yur feelings. T be exact, emtinal validatin is abut allwing peple t experience their feelings and acknwledging that having negative feelings is real and ften imprtant. That desn’t mean it prmtes and encurages negative thinking endlessly, thugh.
Txic psitivity encurages us t fcus nly n the psitive, which can stp us frm dealing with the feelings we need t wrk thrugh. Practicing emtinal validatin is a healthier ptin fr yu and the nes yu lve. “This can be as simple as saying ‘I understand yu’re really sad’.” explains Vasan. Offering yur understanding shws ur lved nes that we care abut their feelings. Besides, instead f telling smene t lk n the bright side, yu shuld ffer wrds and thughts f supprt instead.
Txic psitivity has becme prevalent, and yu prbably knw a lt f peple wh dismiss yur negative experiences with statements like “yu’re t sensitive”. Nw yu can say: Whatever yu’re feeling is temprary and allwing yurself t feel it will help yu get thrugh it.
1. What is emtinal validatin?
A. Aviding risks in terrible situatins.B. Denying peple’s negative feelings.
C. Maintaining psitive in hard times.D. Accepting emtinal ups and dwns.
2. What may the authr recmmend yu t say t a sad persn?
A. Perhaps smething frtunate is still waiting fr yu.
B. I’m sure there’s a gd reasn fr what has happened.
C. Yu have every right t feel upset and I am here fr yu.
D. I understand yur sadness but being sensitive is n gd.
3. What des the underlined wrd “prevalent” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A. Creative.B. Widespread.C. Challenging.D. Enrmus.
4. What is the main idea f the text?
A. Admitting negativity is reasnable.B. Prmting psitivity is wrthwhile.
C. Sticking t psitivity is significant.D. Expressing negativity is inapprpriate.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了有毒的积极性具有负面影响，我们应该转向情感认可，去正视别人的情感，承认别人的消极情绪。
1. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Hwever, emtinal validatin allws yu t have yur feelings. T be exact, emtinal validatin is abut allwing peple t experience their feelings and acknwledging that having negative feelings is real and ften imprtant.(然而，情感认可可以让你有自己的感受。确切地说，情感认可让人们体验自己的感受，并承认负面感受是真实的，而且往往很重要。)”可知，情感认可接受情绪的起伏。故选D。
2. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Nw yu can say: Whatever yu’re feeling is temprary and allwing yurself t feel it will help yu get thrugh it.(现在你可以说：你感觉到的一切都是暂时的，允许自己去感受它，这会帮助你渡过它。)”可知，作者认为可以认可对方的负面情绪，让对方去感受自己的负面情绪。根据第四段中的“Besides, instead f telling smene t lk n the bright side, yu shuld ffer wrds and thughts f supprt instead.(此外，不要告诉别人往好的方面看，你应该用语言和思想来支持他们。)”可知，作者认为要支持情绪低落的人。由此可推测出，C项“你有权利感到沮丧，我在这里陪着你。”最适合对一个悲伤的人说。故选C。
3. 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“yu prbably knw a lt f peple wh dismiss yur negative experiences with statements like ‘yu’re t sensitive’”可知，有很多人用“你太敏感了”这种话来驳斥你，由此可推测出，有毒的积极性很盛行，prevalent意为“普遍存在的，盛行的”，与widespread(普遍的，广泛的)意思最接近。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段中的“I’ve cme t understand that perhaps psitive thinking can result in txic(有毒的) psitivity, which has negative results. What we shuld be aiming fr instead is emtinal validatin(确认).(然而，近年来，我逐渐明白，也许积极的想法会导致有毒的积极性，这会产生负面的结果。相反，我们应该追求情感认可。)”可知，本文主要讲述了有毒的积极性具有负面影响，我们应该转向情感认可，去正视别人的情感，承认别人的消极情绪。因此，A项“承认负面情感是合理的”符合文章大意。故选A。
五、（2022-2023学年下学期·福建宁德·高一期末）完形填空
Many wnderful teachers have helped shape my life. One teacher wh especially stands ut in my 1 was Mr. Patrick Gallagher. He was my histry teacher in high schl, and ne f the 2 f a service club in which I was an fficer.
Maya Angelu nce said, “Peple will frget what yu said, peple will frget what yu did, but peple will never frget hw yu made them 3 .” I remember Mr. Gallagher made me feel like I was 4 . He made me see things abut myself that I never 5 . He encuraged me t be a student 6 , saying I was an inclusive(包容的) persn wh always tried t 7 thers int a situatin. He believed in me, and I wanted t live up t(不辜负) his gd 8 f me.
On days when I feel a little lst r 9 , I still pull ut the letter f schlarship recmmendatin he 10 fr me. Thse 11 still have the pwer t make me nce again feel wrthy and 12 .
Frm Mr. Gallagher, I learned t shine a light n students’ 13 and help them see their wn special qualities. I lk fr ways t tell students all the 14 I see in them, s they, t, can 15 smeday and remember that a teacher saw in them a bright student with s much ptential(潜能).
1. A. dreamB. hnrC. memryD. imaginatin
2. A. wrkersB. narratrsC. advisersD. clleagues
3. A. wrkB. feelC. respndD. think
4. A. specialB. carefulC. energeticD. flexible
5. A. admittedB. realizedC. rememberedD. expressed
6. A. assistantB. waiterC. memberD. leader
7. A. persuadeB. cheatC. frceD. welcme
8. A. explanatinB. nticeC. pininD. standard
9. A. highB. excitedC. lwD. embarrassed
10. A. wrteB. reservedC. gtD. answered
11. A. impressinsB. wrdsC. suggestinsD. tasks
12. A. capableB. generusC. fancyD. dd
13. A. strengthsB. actinC. infrmatinD. prblems
14. A. lveB. gdC. determinatinD. kindness
15. A. pay backB. lk backC. get backD. turn back
【答案】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者高中的历史老师帮助作者看到自己的特殊和优点，对作者产生了深远的影响，也让作者成为老师后同样对待自己的学生。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Patrick Gallagher先生是我记忆中特别突出的一位老师。A. dream梦；B. hnr荣誉；C. memry记忆；D. imaginatin想象。根据前句“Many wnderful teachers have helped shape my life.(许多优秀的老师帮助塑造了我的生活。)”可知，这里是在回忆自己曾经的老师，Patrick Gallagher先生在作者的记忆中尤为突出。故选C。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是我高中时的历史老师，也是我担任干部的一个服务俱乐部的顾问之一。A. wrkers员工；B. narratrs叙述者；C. advisers顾问；D. clleagues同事。根据句中的“He was my histry teacher in high schl”和空后的“f a service club”可知，Patrick Gallagher是高中老师，同时也在一个服务俱乐部当顾问。故选C。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们会忘记你说了什么，人们会忘记了你做了什么，但人们永远不会忘记你给他们带来的感受。A. wrk工作；B. feel感觉；C. respnd回应；D. think思考。根据下句“I remember Mr. Gallagher made me feel like I was __4__.”可知。这里是说人们永远不会忘记你给他们带来的感受。故选B。
4. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我记得Gallagher先生让我觉得自己很特别。A. special特别的，特殊的；B. careful小心的；C. energetic精力充沛的；D. flexible灵活的。根据最后一段中的“help them see their wn special qualities”可知，这里是special的原词复现，表示Gallagher老师让作者觉得自己很特别。故选A。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他让我看到了我从未意识到自己有的那些东西。A. admitted承认；B. realized意识到；C. remembered记得；D. expressed表达。根据句中的“made me see things abut myself”可知，老师让作者看到自己身上有的东西，而作者从来没有意识到自己有这些东西。故选B。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他鼓励我成为一名学生领导，说我是一个包容性强的人，总是尽力欢迎别人加入。A. assistant助理；B. waiter服务员；C. member成员；D. leader领导者。根据句中的“I was an inclusive(包容的) persn wh always tried t __7__ thers int a situatin”可知，老师鼓励作者当学生领导。故选D。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. persuade说服；B. cheat欺骗；C. frce强迫；D. welcme欢迎，迎接。根据句中的“I was an inclusive(包容的) persn”可知，有包容心的人才会欢迎别人加入。故选D。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他相信我，我想不辜负他对我的好评价。A. explanatin解释；B. ntice注意；C. pinin观点，看法；D. standard标准。根据上文中的“saying I was an inclusive(包容的) persn wh always tried t __7__ thers int a situatin”可知，老师给予了作者好的评价。故选C。
9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我感到有点迷惘或情绪低落的日子里，我仍然会拿出他为我写的奖学金推荐信。A. high高兴的，兴奋的；B. excited兴奋的；C. lw；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据r前面的lst，这里r连接的应是两个感情色彩相近的词，表达的应是作者感到情绪低落。故选C。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. wrte写；B. reserved预订；C. gt得到；D. answered回答。根据空前的“the letter f schlarship recmmendatin he”和空后的“fr me”可知，老师为作者写了奖学金推荐信。故选A。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些字仍然有力量让我再次感到有价值和有能力。A. impressins印象；B. wrds话语，字；C. suggestins建议；D. tasks任务。根据上文中的“the letter f schlarship recmmendatin”可知，这里是说老师写的奖学金推荐信里的字。故选B。
12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. capable有能力；B. generus慷慨的；C. fancy精致的；D. dd古怪的。根据and前的wrthy可知，and前后表示的内容应褒贬一致，所以这里应是这些字让作者再次感到自己有能力。故选A。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从Gallagher老师那里，我学会了发掘学生的长处，帮助他们看到自己的特殊品质。A. strengths优点，长处；B. actin行动；C. infrmatin信息；D. prblems问题。根据空后的“and help them see their wn special qualities”可知，这里是说作者学会发掘学生身上的长处。故选A。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想办法告诉学生们我在他们身上看到的所有优点，这样他们也可以有一天回过头来，记住一位老师在他们身上看到一个有很多潜力的聪明学生。A. lve爱；B. gd善，优点；C. determinatin决心；D. kindness善良。根据上文中的“I learned t shine a light n students’ __13__ and help them see their wn special qualities”可知，作者会告诉学生自己在学生身上看到的所有优点。故选B。
15. 考查动词短语辨析。句意参考上题。A. pay back报复；B. lk back回忆，回顾；C. get back返回；D. turn back(使)原路返回。根据and后的remember可知，这里是说学生在某一天回首往事。故选B。
六、（2022-2023学年下学期·江苏南通高一期末）应用文写作
假定你是李华，暑假即将来临，你的老师Tny准备布置线上课程，帮助同学利用假期学习。你认为线上课程存在问题，请你给Tny老师写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 说明问题；
2. 提出建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：线上课程nline curses
Dear Tny,
I’m yur student, Li Hua.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Tny,
I’m yur student, Li Hua. I’m writing t share with yu my idea abut the nline curses t be assigned.
Persnally, well-meant as the curses are, sme students dn’t take them seriusly. In that case, their learning efficiency wn’t be guaranteed. Wrse still, t much time spent learning nline is likely t harm their physical and mental health. Hence, t hld the students’ attentin and ensure their health, I strngly recmmend mre interesting curses and a shrtened duratin.
I sincerely hpe my advice is f practical use t yu. Lking frward t yur early reply.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给老师Tny写邮件，反馈线上课程存在的问题，并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
主意/观点：idea→pinin
保证：guarantee→assure
有吸引力的：interesting→appealing
真诚地：sincerely→genuinely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Wrse still, t much time spent learning nline is likely t harm their physical and mental health.
拓展句：Wrse still, if they spend t much time learning nline, their physical and mental health is likely t be harmed.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Persnally, well-meant as the curses are, sme students dn’t take them seriusly.(运用了让步状语从句的倒装结构)
【高分句型2】Wrse still, t much time spent learning nline is likely t harm their physical and mental health.(运用了过去分词作后置定语)
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