江苏省南京市六校联合体2023-2024学年高二上学期期初调研英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份江苏省南京市六校联合体2023-2024学年高二上学期期初调研英语试卷(含答案)，共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、阅读理解
Weald & Dwnland Living Museum
Fun fact
Over 50 histric buildings frm acrss the Weald and Dwnland area have been dismantled(拆除) and then recnstructed acrss a lvely 40-acre site in the Suth Dwns natinal park. The cllectin f buildings represents almst a thusand years f rural life in suth-east England: furnished just as they wuld have been in the past—cmplete with the hmes, farms and public buildings. There's a sense f explring a real village as yu wander between them alng green paths, stpping t climb the stairs f a 17th-century craftsman's(工匠) cttage t lie n the straw bed r sheltering frm a shwer in a smky, 14th-century hall.
Getting there
The Stagecach 60 bus service frm Chichester t Midhurst stps just five minutes away at Grms Yard, Singletn. The nearest railway statins are Chichester (2 miles) and Haslemere (7 miles). The museum is n Twn Lane in Singletn, reached via the A286 frm Chichester t Midhurst. Parking is free and there are disabled parking spaces ppsite the museum shp.
Value fr mney?
Yes. It's nt cheap but it's a special experience that easily fills a day. Plus, it's a valuable cause wrth supprting. Adults £14, children 5-17 and students £6.50, under-4s free, family £38 (tw adults and tw children) r £25(ne adult and three children).
Opening hurs
Daily 10 am-5 pm(last entry 4pm).
1．What can visitrs d in Weald & Dwnland Living Museum?
A.Take a shwer in the hall.B. Stay vernight at a cttage.
C. Learn cnstructin techniques.D. Explre rural life centuries ag.
2．Hw much wuld a cuple with their 5-year-ld twin sns pay fr admissin?
A. £25. B. £34.5.C.£38. D. £41.
3．What d we knw abut Weald & Dwnland Living Museum?
A. It charges parking fees.
B. It has varied pening hurs.
C. It is incnveniently lcated fr bus riders.
D. It ffers the disabled thughtful service.
It was the dead f winter when Dad tld me that he fund a delicate small bag in the snw n his way ut f a dctr’s appintment. “It was filled with seeds, s I planted them in pts in the living rm windw that gets such great light.” Dad was excited t have a planting prject in the winter. He missed tending his garden plt, which was the size f a small farm.
I nw lived ut f state, but Dad reprted in his daily phne calls, “These plants seem t duble in size vernight. It’s nly been a few weeks, and they are almst tuching the ceiling.” Since Dad had green fingers, I wasn’t surprised abut that. I culdn’t imagine what plant wuld d s well. I knew phts wuld nt cme sn because Dad had t use up the film in his camera and then develped the pictures.
During ne call Dad said, “Tday at wrk, ne f my c-wrkers was wearing a T-shirt with a screen-printed picture f the same leaf as my mysterius huseplants. I tld him that I had thse same herbs, which were grwing like weeds, and I had t get rid f them.” Dad cntinued, “He eagerly tk them ff my hands, and nw I can see ut the windw again.”
This awakened my curisity, and I decided t d sme research. In thse days, that meant ging t the library’s reference sectin. I did sme reading and phtcpied sme articles. I mailed them t my father.
Dad called, “I just culdn’t believe what I read in the papers yu sent. Thse pictures are exactly what my plants lked like. N wnder my c-wrker was s willing t take them.”
We bth laughed till we cried when we realized my father had just raised a harvest f precius Chinese herbs used t ease pain.
4．Why did Dad plant the seeds?
A. Because it was the dctr’s advice.
B. Because he had a small farm at hme.
C. Because it satisfied his eagerness fr gardening.
D. Because the seeds wuld bring him rich rewards.
5．What des the underlined wrd “that” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Dad’s gardening talents.
B. The herbs’ grwing quickly.
C. Dad’s effrts t tend the seeds.
D. A planting prject in the winter.
6．What can be inferred abut the c-wrker?
A. He had little interest in the plants.
B. He recgnized the value f the plants.
C. He desired t learn frm the authr’s dad.
D. He wanted t shw his knwledge abut plants.
7．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Seed catcherB. Windw sceneryC. Helpful c-wrkerD. Inncent gardener
A methd t transfrm a cmmnly thrwn-away plastic t a resin (树脂) used in 3D printing culd allw making better use f plastic waste, A team f Washingtn State University researchers develped a simple and efficient way t transfrm plyactic acid (PLA) (聚乳酸), a bi-based plastic used in prducts such as filament, plastic silverware and fd packaging t high-quality resin.
“We fund a way t immediately turn this int smething that’s strnger and better, and we hpe that will prvide peple with the inspiratin t upcycle this stuff instead f just thrw it away,” said Yu-Chung Chang, a pstdctral researcher in the WSU Schl f Mechanical and Materials Engineering and a c-crrespnding authr n the wrk. “We made strnger materials just straight ut f trash. We believe this culd be a great pprtunity.”
Althugh it’s bi-based, PLA, which is categrized as a number 7 plastic, desn’t bread dwn easily. It can flat in fresh r salt water fr a year withut degrading (降解). It is als rarely recycled because like many plastics, when it’s melted dwn and re-frmed, it desn’t perfrm as well as the riginal versin and becmes less valuable.
“It’s bidegradable and cmpstable, but nce yu lk int it, it turns ut that it can take up t 100 years fr it t rt away in a landfill,” Chang said. “In reality, it still creates a lt f pllutin. We want t make sure that when we d start prducing PLA n the millin-tns scale, we will knw hw t deal with it.”
While the researchers fcused n PLA fr the study, they hpe t apply the wrk t plyethylene terephthalate (PET) (涤纶树脂), which is mre cmmn than PLA and has a similar chemical structure and present a bigger waste prblem. They have filed a temprary patent and are wrking further ptimize (优化) the prcess. The researchers ane als lking int ther applicatins fr the upcycling methd.
8．What can the methd help d accrding t paragraph 1?
A. Slve financial crisis.B. Change waste int wealth.
C. Cntrl plastic prductinD. Determine 3D printing skills
9．What des Yu-Chung Chang think f the methd?
A. PrmisingB. UnrealisticC. ImaginableD. Cmmn
10．Which f the fllwing is a feature f number 7 plastics?
A. Invaluable t recycleB. Easy t deal with
C. Hard t break dwnD. Difficult t srt ut.
11．What is the text mainly abut?
A. Applicatins fr an upcycling methd.
B. A better methd t break dwn plastic
C. 3D printing with newly fund materials
D. A new way t turn plastic int valuable prducts.
We are living in an age in which data is strngly favred, especially when it’s reprted in the media. “Big Data” is cnsidered even mre reliable as it cnsists f very large amunts f infrmatin. Percentiles are cnsidered hard evidence, even if the cnclusins drawn frm the data dn’t mean a whle lt. Fr example, “40 percent f adults say they use Instagram and abut three in ten reprt using Pinterest r LinkedIn,” a Pew Research Center survey reprted in April 2021. Is that a lt r a little? I dn’t knw, but the numbers are seemingly presented as being significant in sme way.
Meanwhile, unless an argument is “data-based”, it is cnsidered flimsy. One might repeatedly see smething with his/her wn eyes, but irnically (讽刺地), in this era f data, it matters little. Observatins and any cnclusins drawn, even by experts in a relevant field, have been dwngraded t “persnal perspectives”, even thugh they are based n real, dcumented behavir.
In shrt, if smething is published in a jurnal with quantitative supprt, it carries much weight. If a cultural anthrplgist (人类学家) with a Ph.D. reprts a particular trend frm field research, hwever, it is cnsidered a shrt amusing stry that may cmplement the “real” data-based studies. Peple want t knw the “sample size” f cultural research, nt understanding that valuable insights int human behavir can be gained withut metrics (度量学) and analytics.
The many weaknesses assciated with quantitative research shuld nt be ignred, either. There are numerus ways t design a study and gather findings, each ne likely t prduce different results. The mve t nline research has made findings much mre questinable, as nthing gt frm the Internet shuld be taken t seriusly. Besides, hw questins are bth asked and answered is highly subjective and dependent n many variables.
Why d we lve data s much? Wrds are imprecise and have multiple meanings, while numbers are precise and definitive, a big reasn why we put s much faith and trust in data regardless f its surce. T legitimize (证明……有理) this pst, nte that 88.6 percent f what I’ve said is true.
12．What des the authr think f the 2021 survey reprted by the Pew Research Center?
A. It leads t sme cnfusin.B. It has much scientific value.
C. It impresses him with the numbers.D. It cntains sme factual inaccuracies.
13．What des the underlined wrd “flimsy” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Prfessinal.B. Interesting.C. Unfriendly.D. Unpersuasive.
14．What is the last but ne paragraph mainly abut?
A. The practicality f nline research.
B. The disadvantages f quantitative research.
C. The widespread ppularity f nline research.
D. The significance f quantitative research findings.
15．Hw des the authr end the text?
A. By writing irnically.B. By referring t experts.
C. By prviding a slutin.D. By making a predictin.
二、七选五
16．In Russia, guests almst receive a warm welcme. Peple in the cuntry g ut f their way t make sure visitrs have everything. In ancient Russia, bread and salt symblized bm and health, s hsts wuld put n their best clthes and ffer bread tgether with salt t their guests.
①________N bread at hme means there’s nthing t eat—n meal desn’t include bread. “Bread is the staff f life” is prbably the mst famus Russian prverb.
Tday, there is n shrtage f salt in the wrld. ②________During the mid-17th century the rising price f salt led t rits (暴乱) in Mscw. The salt tax was cmpletely ablished (废除) at the end f the 19th century—nly afterwards did salt becme affrdable. ③________
Accrding t traditin, guests are greeted by ladies in natinal cstumes with a large rund laf n a twel with a salt shaker n tp. The guests shuld carefully break ff a piece f the bread, dip it in the salt and eat. ④________An ld belief is that if the wrst f enemies share bread and salt, they will recncile (和解).
In tday’s Russia, this traditin is still ppular. It can be witnessed during fficial receptins, as well as in restaurants prepared fr freign turists. ⑤________ Parents f the newlyweds welcme their children with bread and salt after the ceremny. The husband and wife shuld break ff a piece f bread, dip it in salt, and feed each ther. This is a sign that they are ready t share any difficulties in life and always take care f each ther.
A. It was believed this gesture expressed rudeness.
B. Bread in Russia culture is cnsidered an imprtant thing.
C. Mst ften yu can see this at traditinal Russian weddings.
D. Many freigners visiting Russia have cme acrss a strange welcme.
E. This signals that a friendship has been frmed between the tw parties.
F. But in ancient Russia, it was rather expensive and nt everyne culd affrd it.
G. That’s why Russians kept it fr special ccasins, like when they received guests.
三、完形填空（15空）
Actr Anthny Andersn has realized a dream 30 years in the making. The 51-year-ld 1 a Bachelr f Fine Arts degree frm Hward University last week. “It was all a dream! Wrds fail t 2 the feeling I’m having right nw,” Andersn wrte n a scial media platfrm. “My prudest mment is a sense f 3 -finishing what I started many years ag.”
Andersn finished his junir year at Hward 30 years ag. 4 sme financial difficulties, he had t ask fr a 5 frm schl. He wrked hard t make a 6 . Later he started a family and his career 7 . He played the starring rles in many films and became a 8 .The fllwing years he was ccupied in his wrk and didn’t return t schl. It was smething he always felt 9 abut-until his sn, Nathan, gained 10 t Hward fur years ag. That inspired his lnging fr university study, s he was 11 t g back and finish his degree.
“This spring I was 12 able t finish the wrk t graduate frm Hward University,” Andersn said. He marked it as a 13 by calling it “a full-circle mment” and 14 his fans, “It’s never t late. Things happen when they’re suppsed t happen!” Andersn, nw a father f tw, plans t 15 his educatin and g t graduate schl fr a master’s degree.
17．A. tkB. receivedC. deservedD. held
18．A. causeB. giveC. describeD. hide
19．A. cmpletinB. identityC. purpseD. belnging
20．A. In terms fB. With regard tC. On accunt fD. By cmparisn with
21．A. rewardB. favrC. jbD. break
22．A. frtuneB. prmtinC. livingD. reputatin
23．A. tk ffB. started verC. slwed dwnD. pulled up
24．A. directrB. leaderC. singerD. hit
25．A. cnfusedB. upsetC. anxiusD. regretful
26．A. assistanceB. admissinC. invitatinD. permissin
27．A. willingB. cautiusC. determinedD. satisfied
28．A. graduallyB. eventuallyC. bviuslyD. temprarily
29．A. milestneB. awardC. dreamlandD. wnder
30．A. warnedB. beggedC. cmmandedD. reminded
31．A. recrdB. acquireC. furtherD. finish
四、短文填空
32． Chinese Teachers’ Day is the very festival①_______celebrates the 2,300-year traditin f respecting teachers and educatin in China. It bears much ②_______ (similar) t the birthday f Cnfucius r the birthday f private schl tutr in ancient China.
The histry f Chinese Teachers’ Day dates back t the Han Dynasty. During the Han and Jin dynasties, n August 27 each year, the birthday f Cnfucius, ③_______ (fllw) by curt fficials, the emperr wuld g t Cnfucius’ temple t shw respect fr the ancient philspher, ④_______wuld als invite ryal teachers t the imperial (皇家的) curt fr a banquet. Lcal ⑤_______ (chief) fllwed the curt, and n this day, teachers arund the natin enjyed a day’s vacatin and were given dried meat as gifts.
With lcal fficials r the emperr⑥_______ (lead) a series f activities, the capital, all states and cunties wuld als stage sacrificial (祭祀的) ceremnies⑦_______ (admire) Cnfucius. Excellent-perfrming teachers wuld ⑧_______ (chse) frm academies and learning institutins natinwide, reprting t the ryal curt and given 500 liang silver cins as awards.
Until the Qing Dynasty, the sacrificial ceremny, n August 27, was f⑨_______larger scale. The teachers’ salaries in schls and academies. arund the natin were raised and well-perfrming teachers wuld be awarded fficial titles r prmted t⑩_______ (high) psitins.
五、书面表达
33． 鉴于近些年有些人提出要将英语踢出高考，“Yuth”杂志现面向全国高中生征文，旨在了解年轻人对此的观点。请你给“Yuth”投稿，阐明你的观点，并说明理由（至少两点）。
注意：1. 写作词数应80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Shuld English stay r g?
While sme peple advcate that English be excluded frm the cllege entrance examinatin,
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六、读后续写
34．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
There I was stuck AGAIN. This was the same feeling that verwhelms me every year. But this year it was different, because if I failed this exam I wuld nt graduate. I sat there, panic stricken, unable t mve. Pressure crushed in n me. What if I culd nt g t high schl? Wuld Dad and Mum kick me ut f their huse?
I tk tw deep breaths and lked up. I culd see the teacher pacing up and dwn. The classrm was dead silent except fr the clck. Tick Tck. Tick Tck. I checked the clck fr the third time. Ten minutes left! I clenched(握紧) and unclenched my fist in an attempt t calm myself. Think! I tld myself. I knew I culd d this. My hand culdn't help trembling. Then I scribbled(胡乱写下) the first few wrds that hit me.
"It isn't my fault..."
I stared blankly at thse wrds. At the cmer f my eye, I culd see my teacher walking twards me. She was checking n ur prgress! Dread built up within me. Then, I glanced at the fur wrds again. Withut any warning, my hand mved t write.
Hair n my arms std as the teacher leaned in and started t read my wrk. I peered ver t see my teacher's expressin, praying that my wrk had nt brught in disappintment. T my astnishment, she displayed a clear satisfactin! That was gd, wasn't it? I hurriedly lked dwn at my essay.
I skimmed it thrugh. I felt prud. Nw, there's smething I was still wrried abut. I checked the clck. Tw minutes left! I was still writing!
I bit my lip, tk a deep breath, and cncentrated n writing. I heard the teacher leave.
"There's ne minute left. Please check yur wrk." the teacher reminded us.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
"One minute left?" I exclaimed.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A week later, the teacher handed the papers back t us.
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参考答案
1．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据Fun fact部分中“The cllectin f buildings represents almst a thusand years f rural life in suth-east England: furnished just as they wuld have been in the past—cmplete with the hmes, farms and public buildings. There's a sense f explring a real village as yu wander between them alng green paths, stpping t climb the stairs f a 17th-century craftsman's(工匠) cttage t lie n the straw bed r sheltering frm a shwer in a smky, 14th-century hall.(这组建筑代表了英格兰东南部近千年的乡村生活:家具和过去一样,包括住宅、农场和公共建筑。当你沿着绿色小径漫步在这些村庄之间,停下来爬上17世纪工匠小屋的楼梯,躺在稻草床上,或者在烟雾缭绕的14世纪大厅里躲雨时,你会有一种探索真实村庄的感觉)”可知,游客在Weald & Dwnland生活博物馆可以探索几个世纪前的乡村生活。故选D项。
2．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Value fr mney?部分中“family £38(tw adults and tw children)r £25(ne adult and three children).(家庭38英镑(两名成人和两名儿童)或25英镑(一名成人和三名儿童)”可知,一对夫妇和他们两个5岁的双胞胎儿子的门票是38英镑。故选C项。
3．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据Getting there部分中“Parking is free and there are disabled parking spaces ppsite the museum shp.(停车场是免费的,博物馆商店对面有残疾人停车位)可知,Weald & Dwnland生活博物馆有专门的残疾人停车位,为残障人士提供了体贴的服务。故选D项。
4．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Dad was excited t have a planting prject in the winter. He missed tending his garden plt, which was the size f a small farm.(爸爸很高兴在冬天有一个种植项目。他错过了照料他的花园，那有一个小农场那么大。)”可知，这些种子这满足了他冬天对园艺的渴望。故选C项。
5．答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。由文章第二段“‘These plants seem t duble in size vernight. It’s nly been a few weeks, and they are almst tuching the ceiling.’ Since Dad had green fingers, I wasn’t surprised abut that. (‘这些植物一夜之间似乎变大了一倍。这才几周，他们就快到天花板了’。既然爸爸是园艺能手，我对此并不感到惊讶。)”可知，that应指代植物快速生长这件事情。故选B项。
6．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。由文章最后一段“We bth laughed till we cried when we realized my father had just raised a harvest f precius Chinese herbs used t ease pain.(当我们意识到我父亲刚刚收获了一批用来止痛的珍贵中草药时，我们都笑到哭了。)”以及倒数第二段“N wnder my c-wrker was s willing t take them.(难怪我的同事这么愿意接受它们。)”可知，父亲同事认识到这些植物的价值。故选B项。
7．答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“We bth laughed till we cried when we realized my father had just raised a harvest f precius Chinese herbs used t ease pain.(当我们意识到我父亲刚刚收获了一批用来止痛的珍贵中草药时，我们都笑到哭了。)”以及前文可知，文章主要讲述作者父亲种植一些无名种子并长大后把它们当成杂草，后来才知道它们是珍贵的中药。所以D项Inncent gardener(无知的园丁)符合语境。故选D项。
8．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“A methd t transfrm a cmmnly thrwn-away plastic t a resin (树脂) used in 3D printing culd allw making better use f plastic waste(一种将常见的丢弃塑料转化为用于3D打印的树脂的方法可以更好地利用塑料垃圾)”可知，该方法可以将平时丢弃的塑料垃圾转化为3D打印的树脂，即化废物为财富。故选B。
9．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“We made strnger materials just straight ut f trash. We believe this culd be a great pprtunity.(我们直接用垃圾做了更坚固的材料。我们相信这将是一个很好的机会。)”可知，Yu-Chung Chang认为这种方法是有前途的。故选A。
10．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Althugh it’s bi-based, PLA, which is categrized as a number 7 plastic, desn’t bread dwn easily. It can flat in fresh r salt water fr a year withut degrading (降解). It is als rarely recycled because like many plastics, when it’s melted dwn and re-frmed, it desn’t perfrm as well as the riginal versin and becmes less valuable.(PLA虽然是生物基的，但被归类为7号塑料，不容易被腐蚀。它可以在淡水或盐水中漂浮一年而不降解。它也很少被回收，因为像许多塑料一样，当它被熔化和重新成型时，它的性能不如最初的版本，变得不那么有价值。)”可知，7号塑料很难被降解。故选C。
11．答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A methd t transfrm a cmmnly thrwn-away plastic t a resin (树脂) used in 3D printing culd allw making better use f plastic waste(一种将常见的丢弃塑料转化为用于3D打印的树脂的方法可以更好地利用塑料垃圾)”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述了华盛顿州立大学的一组研究人员开发了一种简单而有效的方法，将塑料垃圾中的聚乳酸(PLA)转化为高质量从而转化为用于3D打印的树脂，因此文章主要是关于“一种将塑料转化为有价值产品的新方法”，故选D。
12．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。在第一段中“‘Big Data’ is cnsidered even mre reliable as it cnsists f very large amunts f infrmatin. Percentiles are cnsidered hard evidence, even if the cnclusins drawn frm the data dn’t mean a whle lt. Fr example, ‘40 percent f adults say they use Instagram and abut three in ten reprt using Pinterest r LinkedIn,’ a Pew Research Center survey reprted in April 2021. Is that a lt r a little? I dn’t knw, but the numbers are seemingly presented as being significant in sme way.(‘大数据’被认为更可靠，因为它包含了大量的信息。百分位数值被认为是确凿的证据，即使从数据中得出的结论并不意味着很多。例如，皮尤研究中心在2021年4月的一项调查显示，‘40%的成年人说他们使用Instagram，大约十分之三的人说他们使用Pinterest或LinkedIn。’这是多还是少?我不知道，但这些数字似乎在某种程度上很重要。)”作者以皮尤研究中心在2021年4月的一项调查结果为例，说明尽管百分位数值被认为是确凿的证据，但是从数据中得出的结论并没有多大意义，对于这项调查结果中所给出的数据在某种程度上似乎很重要，但是作者不清楚这些数字是多还是少；由此可知，作者认为皮尤研究中心2021发布的调查结果会造成一些困惑，人们不清楚里面的数字意味着什么。故选A。
13．答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句“We are living in an age in which data is strngly favred, especially when it’s reprted in the media. (我们生活在一个数据非常受欢迎的时代，尤其是在媒体报道数据的时候。)”可知在这个数据时代，数据特别受欢迎；由第二段中划线词的下文“One might repeatedly see smething with his/her wn eyes, but irnically (讽刺地), in this era f data, it matters little. Observatins and any cnclusins drawn, even by experts in a relevant field, have been dwngraded t ‘persnal perspectives’, even thugh they are based n real, dcumented behavir.(一个人可能会反复地亲眼看到一些东西，但讽刺的是，在这个数据时代，这已经无关紧要了。观察和得出的任何结论，即使是由相关领域的专家得出的，也被降级为‘个人观点’，即使它们是基于真实的、有记录的行为。)”可知，在这个数据时代，人们亲眼反复看到的东西都不重要，即使是由相关领域的专家基于真实的、有记录的行为观察和得出的任何结论，也会被认为是“个人观点”，作者认为这非常具有讽刺性；由此可推知，划线词所在句“Meanwhile, unless an argument is “data-based”, it is cnsidered flimsy.(与此同时，除非一个论点是“基于数据的”，否则它被认为是flimsy。)表述的意思是在这个大数据时代，如果一个论点不是以数据为基础，就会被认为不可信，没有说服力；划线词flimsy指“没有说服力的，不可信的”，与unpersuasive“没有说服力的”意思一致。故选D。
14．答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。文章倒数第二段“The many weaknesses assciated with quantitative research shuld nt be ignred, either. There are numerus ways t design a study and gather findings, each ne likely t prduce different results. The mve t nline research has made findings much mre questinable, as nthing gt frm the Internet shuld be taken t seriusly. Besides, hw questins are bth asked and answered is highly subjective and dependent n many variables.(与定量研究相关的许多弱点也不应被忽视。设计研究和收集发现的方法有很多，每一种方法都可能产生不同的结果。转向网络研究使得研究结果更加可疑，因为从互联网上得到的任何东西都不应该太当真。此外，如何提问和回答问题是高度主观的，取决于许多变量。)”指出定量研究有许多不应忽视的缺点，多种研究方法会产生不同的结果、基于网络的研究结果也不可靠、提问和回答问题是高度主观的，取决于许多变量；由此可知，倒数第二段主要阐述了定量研究的缺点。故选B。
15．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。在最后一段“Why d we lve data s much? Wrds are imprecise and have multiple meanings, while numbers are precise and definitive, a big reasn why we put s much faith and trust in data regardless f its surce. T legitimize (证明……有理) this pst, nte that 88.6 percent f what I’ve said is true.(为什么我们如此热爱数据?文字是不精确的，有多种含义，而数字是精确的，明确的，这是我们如此信任数据的一个重要原因，而不管它的来源是什么。为了证明这篇文章有理，请注意我所说的88.6%是真的。)”中作者首先阐述了我们如此热爱信任数据是因为数字是精确的、明确的；文章是一篇驳论文，批驳了当前的唯数据论，作者在结尾时却运用数据（强调文章中所说的88.6 %是真的）来为了证明所写的这篇文章有理；作为说理类文章，如何能给出一个确切的关于真实性的数字，因此作者在结尾运用了反讽的写作手法。故选A。
16．答案：BFGEC
解析：①由下文“N bread at hme means there’s nthing t eat—n meal desn’t include bread. “Bread is the staff f life” is prbably the mst famus Russian prverb.(家里没有面包意味着没有东西可吃——没有一顿饭不包括面包。“面包是生命之杖”可能是俄罗斯最著名的谚语。)”可知本段主要阐述面包在俄罗斯的重要性；B选项“Bread in Russia culture is cnsidered an imprtant thing.(面包在俄罗斯文化中被认为是很重要的东西。)”指出面包在俄罗斯文化中被认为是很重要的东西，符合语境。故选B。
②上文“Tday, there is n shrtage f salt in the wrld.(今天，世界上不缺盐。)”指出在现代世界上盐是不缺的；F选项“But in ancient Russia, it was rather expensive and nt everyne culd affrd it.(但在古代俄罗斯，它相当昂贵，不是每个人都买得起。)”指出在古代俄罗斯盐非常贵，不是每个人能买得起的，与上文形成对比、转折关系，“Tday”与“in ancient Russia”相对应；下文“During the mid-17th century the rising price f salt led t rits (暴乱) in Mscw. (17世纪中叶，盐的价格上涨在莫斯科引发了骚乱。)”承接选项F，进一步阐述在古代俄罗斯，盐非常昂贵不是每个人能买得起的。由此可知，F选项符合语境。故选F。
③上文“During the mid-17th century the rising price f salt led t rits (暴乱) in Mscw. The salt tax was cmpletely ablished (废除) at the end f the 19th century—nly afterwards did salt becme affrdable. (17世纪中叶，盐的价格上涨在莫斯科引发了骚乱。盐税在19世纪末被完全废除，直到后来人们才买得起盐。)”说明在古代俄罗斯，盐非常昂贵与稀缺，不是每个人都买得起的；G选项“That’s why Russians kept it fr special ccasins, like when they received guests.(这就是为什么俄罗斯人在特殊场合保留它的原因，比如当他们接待客人时。)”承接上文，说明就是因为在古代俄罗斯盐非常珍贵，所以现代俄罗斯人依然在特殊场合保留放置盐的传统，上文与选项G构成因果关系，选项中的“That”指代上文阐述的内容，代词“it”指代“salt”。故选G。
④上文“Accrding t traditin, guests are greeted by ladies in natinal cstumes with a large rund laf n a twel with a salt shaker n tp. The guests shuld carefully break ff a piece f the bread, dip it in the salt and eat.(根据传统，穿着民族服装的女士会用毛巾上的大圆面包迎接客人，毛巾上放着一个盐瓶。客人应该小心地掰下一块面包，蘸盐，然后吃。)”描述了俄罗斯人用面包和盐来迎接客人的传统； E选项“This signals that a friendship has been frmed between the tw parties.(这表明双方之间已经建立了友谊。)”承接上文，说明在俄罗斯传统中用面包和盐来迎接客人，客人小心地掰下一块面包蘸盐吃就表明双方建立了友谊；“This”指代上文“carefully break ff a piece f the bread, dip it in the salt and eat”；下文“An ld belief is that if the wrst f enemies share bread and salt, they will recncile (和解).(一个古老的信念是，如果最坏的敌人分享面包和盐，他们就会和解。)”进一步讲述在俄罗斯人传统信念中面包和盐的重要性，分享面包和盐意味着敌对双方和解。故选E。
⑤上文“In tday’s Russia, this traditin is still ppular. It can be witnessed during fficial receptins, as well as in restaurants prepared fr freign turists.(在今天的俄罗斯，这一传统仍然很受欢迎：在官方招待会上以及在为外国游客准备的餐馆中都可以看到它。)”指出在正式场合依然可以看到用面包和盐来迎接招待客人；下文“Parents f the newlyweds welcme their children with bread and salt after the ceremny. The husband and wife shuld break ff a piece f bread, dip it in salt, and feed each ther. This is a sign that they are ready t share any difficulties in life and always take care f each ther.(新婚夫妇的父母在仪式结束后用面包和盐欢迎他们的孩子。丈夫和妻子应该掰下一块面包，蘸盐，然后互相喂食。这表明他们准备分担生活中的任何困难，并承诺永远互相照顾。)”描述了在传统的俄罗斯婚礼上新婚夫妇的父母在仪式结束后用面包和盐欢迎他们的孩子的场景；选项C“Mst ften yu can see this at traditinal Russian weddings.(你经常可以在传统的俄罗斯婚礼上看到这种情况。)”指出在俄罗斯传统婚礼中经常可以看到面包蘸盐的习俗，选项中“this”与上文“this traditin”以及“It”一致，指代用面包和盐迎接客人，“traditinal Russian weddings”与下文“the newlyweds”相照应。由此可知，C选项符合语境。故选C。
17．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位51岁的年轻人上周拿到了霍华德大学的美术学士学位。A.tk携带；B.received拿到；C.deserved应得；D.held持有。根据下文“This spring I was____able t finish the wrk t graduate frm Hward University,”可知，此处表示安德森“拿到”了霍华德大学的美术学士学位。故选B项。
18．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：言语无法描述我现在的感觉。A.cause导致；B.give给；C.describe描述；D.hide隐藏。根据上文“It was all a dream! Wrds fail t”以及语境可知，安德森非常激动，言语无法“描绘”现在的感受。故选C项。
19．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最自豪的时刻是一种完成感是完成多年前开始的工作。A.cmpletin完成；B.identity身份；C.purpse目的；D.belnging归属感。根据下文“finshing what I started many years ag”可知，此处表示一种“完成”感。故选A项。
20．答案：C
解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于经济困难，他不得不要求休学。A.In terms f就…而言；B.With regard t关于；C. On accunt f由于；D.By cmparisn with与…相比较。根据下文“sme financial difficulties, he had t ask fr a______ frm schl.”可知，此处表示“由于”经济困难，安德森不得不休学。故选C项。
21．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于经济困难，他不得不要求休学。A.reward奖励；B.favr帮助；C.jb工作；D. break中断，暂停。根据上文“_______sme financial difficulties”以及下文“The fllwing years he was ccupied in his wrk and didn’t return t schl.”可知，由于经济困难，安德森不得不休学，“中断”学习。故选D项。
22．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他努力工作以维持生计。A.frtune财富；B.prmtin晋升；C.living生计，谋生；D. reputatin名誉。根据上文“He wrked hard”可知，他努力工作，是为了维持“生计”。故选C项。
23．答案：A
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，他组建了家庭，事业腾飞。A.tk ff腾飞；B.started ver重新开始；C. slwed dwn减速；D.pulled up停止。根据下文“He played the starring rles in many films ”可推知，安德森取得了成功，他的事业“腾飞”。故选A项。
24．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在许多电影中扮演主角，很受欢迎。A.directr经理；B.leader领导者；C. singer歌手；D.hit很受欢迎的人或事物。根据上文“He played the starring rles in many films”可知，安德森很受欢迎，hit表示“很受欢迎的人或事物”，符合题意。故选D项。
25．答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是他一直感到遗憾的事情，直到四年前他的儿子内森被霍华德大学录取。A.cnfused困惑的；B.upset心烦意乱的；C.anxius焦虑的；D.regretful遗憾的。根据上文“________sme financial difficulties, he had t ask fr a______ frm schl.”以及“The fllwing years he was ccupied in his wrk and didn’t return t schl.”可知，安德森不得不休学，之后一直没能重返校园，这是他一直感到“遗憾的”事情。故选D项。
26．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是他一直感到遗憾的事情，直到四年前他的儿子内森被霍华德大学录取。A.assistance协助；B.admissin允许进入，录取；C.invitatin邀请；D.permissin准许，许可。根据下文“That inspired his lnging fr university study, s he was______t g back and finish his degree”可知，此处表示安德森的儿子内森被霍华德大学“录取”。故选B项。
27．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这激发了他对大学学习的渴望，所以他决心回去完成他的学位。A.willing愿意的；B. cautius谨慎的；C.determined有决心的；D.satisfied满意的。根据下文“t g back and finish his degree”以及“This spring I was 12 able t finish the wrk t graduate frm Hward University,”可知，此处表示安德森“决心”回去完成自己的学位。故选C项。
28．答案：B
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：安德森说:“今年春天，我终于完成了从霍华德大学毕业的工作。”。A.gradually逐渐地；B.eventually最终；C.bviusly明显地；D.temprarily暂时地。根据下文“able t finish the wrk t graduate frm Hward University”以及语境可知，安德森“终于”完成学业，从霍华德大学毕业了。故选B项。
29．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他称这是一个里程碑，称之为“一个完整的循环时刻”，并提醒他的粉丝，“永远不会太晚。事情会在应该发生的时候发生!”A.milestne里程碑；B.award奖品；C.dreamland梦境；D.wnder奇迹。根据上文“This spring I was_____able t finish the wrk t graduate frm Hward University”以及下文“by calling it‘a full-circle mment’”可知，此处表示安德森将完成学业当作一个“里程碑”。故选A项。
30．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他称这是一个里程碑，称之为“一个完整的循环时刻”，并提醒他的粉丝，“永远不会太晚。事情会在应该发生的时候发生!”A.warned警告；B.begged乞求；C.cmmanded命令；D.reminded提醒。根据下文“‘It’s never t late.Things happen when they’re suppsed t happen!’”可知，安德森在“提醒”自己的粉丝。故选D项。
31．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：安德森现在是两个孩子的父亲，他计划继续深造，去研究生院攻读硕士学位。A.recrd记录；B.acquire获得；C.further增进；D.finish完成。根据下文“his educatin and g t graduate schl fr a master’s degree.”可知，安德森要去研究生院攻读硕士学位，“增进（深造）”自己的教育。故选C项。
32．答案：that ;similarity ;fllwed ;and ;chiefs ;leading ;t admire ;be chsen ;a ;higher
解析：①考查定语从句。句意：中国教师节是一个庆祝2300年来中国尊师重教传统的节日。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为festival，为物，且由very修饰，在从句中作主语，所以这里只能用关系代词that。故填that。
②考查名词。句意：它与中国古代孔子的生日或私塾导师的生日非常相似。分析句子可知，much后面应填不可数名词，在本句中作宾语。故填similarity。
③考查非谓语。句意：在汉晋时期，每年的八月二十七日是孔子的生日，皇帝会在朝廷官员的陪同下前往孔庙，表示对这位古代哲学家的尊敬，还会邀请皇家教师到朝廷参加宴会。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语，the emperr和fllw为被动关系，再由句意可知，这里应填过去分词作状语。故填fllwed。
④考查连词。句意：在汉晋时期，每年的八月二十七日是孔子的生日，皇帝会在朝廷官员的陪同下前往孔庙，表示对这位古代哲学家的尊敬，还会邀请皇家教师到朝廷参加宴会。分析句子可知，wuld g t Cnfucius’ temple t shw respect fr the ancient philspher和wuld als invite ryal teachers t the imperial (皇家的) curt fr a banquet是两个并列动作，所以这里应用并列连词and。故填and。
⑤考查名词复数。句意：当地首领跟随王室成员，在这一天，全国各地的教师都享受一天的假期，并得到了肉干作为礼物。分析句子和语境可知，此空应用可数名词复数形式作主语，表示不止一个首领。故填chiefs。
⑥考查非谓语。句意：随着地方官员或皇帝领导一系列活动，首都、各州县也会举行祭孔仪式。分析句子可知，这里考查with的复合结构，lcal fficials r the emperr与lead为主动关系，所以此空应填现在分词形式。故填leading。
⑦考查非谓语。句意：随着地方官员或皇帝领导一系列活动，首都、各州县也会举行祭孔仪式。分析句子可知，此空应用不定式作目的状语。故填t admire。
⑧考查被动语态。句意：从全国各地的书院和学术机构中选拔表现优秀的教师，向朝廷报告，并给予500两银币作为奖励。分析句子可知，此空考查谓语动词， Excellent-perfrming teachers 与chse为被动关系，所以此空应填be chsen与空前wuld构成过去将来时的被动语态。故填be chsen。
⑨考查冠词。句意：直到清朝，8月27日的祭祀仪式规模更大。分析句子可知，此空应填冠词，a larger scale表“一个更大的规模”，所以这里应填不定冠词表泛指。 故填a。
⑩考查形容词比较级。句意：全国各地学校和学院的教师的工资都提高了，表现好的教师会被授予官衔或被提升到更高的职位。由上文“be awarded fficial titles”可知，他们将被给与“更高”的职位。故填higher。
33．答案：
Shuld English stay r g?
While sme peple advcate that English be excluded frm the cllege entrance examinatin, I firmly believe that English shuld cntinue t be a majr subject within the Gaka.
First and fremst, English, as the mst widely used language, is essential in cmmunicatin in tday’s glbalized wrld. Mrever, English is als a gateway t higher educatin. Many universities and clleges wrldwide require applicants t have a certain level f prficiency in English. T sme degree, remving it wuld put ur students at a disadvantage. Lastly, English is a subject that pens up avenues fr persnal grwth and self-imprvement.
Therefre, with its great benefits, English is here t stay.
解析：本篇书面表达属于应用文。近些年有些人提出要将英语踢出高考，“Yuth”杂志现面向全国高中生征文，旨在了解年轻人对此的观点。要求考生给“Yuth”投稿，阐明自己的观点，并说明理由。
1. 词汇积累
坚定地认为：firmly believe→hld a firm belief
此外：mrever→ what’s mre
至关重要的：essential→vital
因此：therefre→thus
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Many universities and clleges wrldwide require applicants t have a certain level f prficiency in English.
拓展句：Many universities and clleges wrldwide require applicants shuld have a certain level f prficiency in English.
【高分句型1】While sme peple advcate that English be excluded frm the cllege entrance examinatin, I firmly believe that English shuld cntinue t be a majr subject within the Gaka. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】Lastly, English is a subject that pens up avenues fr persnal grwth and self-imprvement. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句)
34．答案："One minute left?" I exclaimed. Everybdy lked at me weirdly. I lked dwn, feeling ashamed. But I had t finish the paper. I tried t ignre everything and cntinue writing. One mre wrd, I said t myself, cme n. Just like this, I frced myself t cncentrate and willed my hand t scribble whatever that ppped up n my mind. "Time's up! Put yur pens dwn. Please hand in yur test paper t me in the frnt." the teacher annunced. I finished! I put dwn my pen, breathing a sigh f relief, and then I std up and limped twards the teacher t hand it in-my legs felt like ndles, thanks t the extreme tensin.
A week later, the teacher handed the papers back t us. It was the time fr truth! I flded my paper and held it tightly in my hands, shilly-shallying abut whether t check the result in frnt f my classmates. Finally I decided I shuld face my fate bravely and unflded it. It was an "A"! I culd nt believe my eyes. Hw culd it be? It was the first time in my life that I had gt an "A". I turned t lk at my teacher. Our eyes met. She ndded and gave me a big smile! At that pint, I made a firm reslutin: I'd be mre hard-wrking and mre cnfident, s that I wuldn't be stuck and panic like this again in high schl.
解析：本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在考场上再一次感到非常焦虑恐慌，害怕自己不及格让父母失望，经过一系列心理斗争强迫让自己平静下来继续答卷的故事。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容"还剩下一分钟吗？我喊道。"可知，第一段可描写临近交卷前作者的行为以及交卷后的心理状态。
②由第二段首句内容"一周后，老师把试卷还给了我们。"可知，本段应该写作者本次考试的结果以及之后的心理状态。
2.续写线索：羞愧提出疑问—继续完成答题—交卷后如释重负—试卷下发—勇敢面对成绩—成绩结果优秀—老师满意—下定决心
3.词汇激活
行为类
①集中精力：cncentrate/fcus
②胡乱写：scribble/scrawl
③犹豫不决：shilly-shally/hesitate
④下定决心：make a firm reslutin/make up ne's mind
情绪类
①古怪地：weirdly/ddly/strangely
②勇敢地：bravely/curageusly
[高分句型1]. I flded my paper and held it tightly in my hands, shilly-shallying abut whether t check the result in frnt f my classmates.(运用了现在分词作伴随状语)
[高分句型2]. I'd be mre hard-wrking and mre cnfident, s that I wuldn't be stuck and panic like this again in high schl.(运用了s that引导目的状语从句)