专题41.定语从句考点运用（原卷版+解析版）

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目标导航
基本概念： 定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词、充当定语的句子叫定语从句。因其功能相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。
先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词:引导定语从句的词，也叫引导词。分为关系代词（wh，whm，that，which，whse ,as）和关系副词(where，when，why)。关系词要在定语从句中作某个成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。
限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰限定作用的定语从句。
非限制性定语从句：对先行词或主句起补充说明作用的定语从句，通常引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开 。
备考方向
重点难点
(一)wh, whm, whse引导定语从句的用法
1．先行词是人，关系词在定语从句中作主语时，用wh/that，关系词不可省略；关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，用whm/wh/that，关系词可以省略。
2．先行词thse后常用wh引导定语从句。
3．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，如果先行词指人，用whm指代人且不能省略。
4．whse引导定语从句时，作定语，且不能省略。
I've becme gd friends with several f the students in my schl wh/whm/that I met in the English speech cntest last year.
我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的同校同学成了好朋友。
I have many friends t whm I'm ging t send pst cards.
我要寄贺卡给我的很多朋友。
The schl shp, whse custmers are mainly students, is clsed fr the hlidays.
这家主要顾客是学生的校内商店，放假时关闭。
点津：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
Tm is the nly ne f the engineers wh has cme up with the slutin.
汤姆是这些工程师中唯一一个想出解决方法的人。
(二)that, which引导定语从句的用法
1．that引导定语从句
既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与wh, whm互换，指物时通常可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
2．定语从句中用that不用which的情况：
(1)当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nthing等不定代词或被它们修饰时。
(2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。
(3)当先行词被the nly, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。
(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。
(5)当定语从句出现在which或wh的特殊疑问句中时。
(6)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另一个宜用that。
(7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。
(8)主句以here, there开头且先行词是指物的名词时。
随堂练习
1.Finally, the thief handed everything he had stlen.
2.There seems t be nthing is impssible t him in the wrld.
3.There is little I can d fr yu.
4.This is the best bk I have ever read.
5.The first place they visited in Lndn was the Big Ben.
6.We talked abut the things and persns we saw then.
7.Lk at the man and his dg are walking up the street.
8.He is the nly persn I want t see nw.
9.Wh is the man is standing there?
10.Which is the T-shirt fits me mst?
3．which引导定语从句
(1)先行词为物。
(2)which在从句中作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。
4．定语从句中用which而不用that的情况：
(1)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词用which而不用that。
(2)关系代词前面有介词时，用which而不用that。
(3)先行词为that/thse时，用which而不用that。
She shwed the visitrs arund the museum that/which was cnstructed three years ag.
她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
Wh is the man that is sitting n the rck smking?
坐在岩石上抽烟的那个人是谁？
The by was away frm hme fr a week, which wrried his parents very much.
这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。
随堂练习
1.I still remember the day I first gt t Paris.
2.She heard a terrible nise， brught her heart int her muth.
3.That is the bk I brrwed frm the library.
4.Is there anything is nt expensive which we can buy fr her as a gift?
(三)as引导定语从句的用法
关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
1．as引导限制性定语从句时常用于下列句式：
(1)eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(such＋名词＋as ...像……这样的，像……之类的,the same＋名词＋as ...和……一样的))
其中关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
(2) as ...凡是……的人(或事物)，所有……人(或事物)
其意义相当于everything that, all thse, thse that (wh)等。as引导定语从句并在从句中担当成分，定语从句修饰先行词such。
Take such as yu need.
你需要什么就拿什么。
Yu may chse such as yu prefer.
你可挑选自己想要的东西。
2．关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：
as意为“正如，正像”，引导的非限制性定语从句既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which意为“这件事，这一点”，引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代整个主句的内容。
Such machines as are used in ur wrkshp are made in China.
像在我们车间使用的这样的机器是中国制造的。
Tm has made great prgress, which makes his parents very happy.
汤姆取得了很大进步，这使他父母很高兴。
“There is n such thing as a free lunch，” as the ld saying ges.
正如老话所说的那样：“天下没有免费的午餐。”
1.He married her, was natural.
2.He is hnest, we can see.
3. is knwn t all, China is a develping cuntry.
4.He is frm the suth, we can knw frm his accent.
5.Jhn, yu knw, is a famus writer.
6.The air quality in the city, is shwn in the reprt, has imprved ver the past tw mnths
7.He has been t Paris ten times, I dn’t believe.
8.I’ve never heard such stries he tells.
9.He is nt such a fl he lks.
10.This is the same dictinary I lst last week.
11.She wre the same dress her yunger sister wre.
(四)关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句的用法
1．when引导定语从句
关系副词when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
2．where引导定语从句
(1)在定语从句中作地点状语。
(2)先行词可以是表示具体地点的名词(如place, hme, schl, village, city等)。
(3)先行词也可以是表示抽象意义的名词(如jb, life, situatin, pint, case, stage, activity等)。
如果定语从句用来修饰pint, situatin, part, cnditin和case等表示抽象意义的词，并且作状语，要用where 引导定语从句，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”，这种现象叫做地点模糊化。常见的表地点的模糊化名词还有：ccasin, circumstance, state,degree, extent, stage, level, perid,aspect等。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I have cme t the pint where I can’t stand him.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The cuntry is in the situatin where a war will break ut at any time.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③We are trying t reach a pint where bth sides will sit dwn tgether and talk.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④I can think f many cases where students bviusly knw a lt f English wrds and expressins but culdn’t write a gd essay.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤It’s helpful t put children in a situatin where they can see themselves differently.
注意：如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。例如：
Remember that there is still ne pint which we must make clear at the cnference tmrrw.
3．why引导定语从句
关系副词why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于fr which。
I'm lking frward t the day when my daughter can read this bk and knw my feeling fr her.
我正期盼那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。
Sing! China has set up a big stage fr yung peple with a talent fr music, where sme have std ut amng them.
《中国新歌声》为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台，在这个舞台上一些人从中脱颖而出。
They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
D yu knw the reasn why/fr which he didn't attend the meeting?
你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？
随堂练习
1.I still remember the day I first came t this schl.
2.The time we gt tgether finally arrived.
3.Octber 1, 1949 was the day the Peple’s Republic f China was funded.
4.Shanghai is the city I was brn.
5.The huse I lived ten years ag has been pulled dwn.
6.Is this the place they fught the enemy?
7.Please tell me the reasn yu missed the plane.
8.The reasn he was punished is unknwn t us.
9.I dn’t knw the reasn he lks unhappy tday.
(五)“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法
1．介词和关系代词的确定
若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whm，指物时常用which。另外，whse也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whse＋名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：
(1)先行词的意义；
(2)从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；
(3)句子的意思。
Trading leather shes is the business t which the Greens are devted.
皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(be devted t “献身，致力于”，固定搭配)
Care f the sul is a gradual prcess in which even the small details f life shuld be cnsidered.
心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。
Recently I bught an ancient vase, the price f which (＝whse price) was very reasnable.
最近我买了一个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。
2．“f＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
在sme, any, few, little, nne, all, bth, neither, many, mst, each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用f which/whm。
He had a lt f friends, nne f whm wuld ffer help t him when he was in truble.
他有许多朋友，但当他遇到麻烦时没有人会给他提供帮助。
随堂练习
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I still remember the day I first came t this schl.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Great changes have taken place we live.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The reasn he refused the invitatin is quite clear.
随堂练习
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.In 1984,Dr. Mary Grda-Lewis, was thirty-five years ld then, graduated with hnrs and realized her dream.
2.He said, “ added a small mustache, wuld add age withut hiding my expressin.”
3.The act, frbids trading, was passed in 1448 and is still in frce.
4.Our ffice wasn’t far frm Chinatwn, I fund sme very gd Chinese restaurants.
5.As mre and mre peple wn private cars, parking has becme a big headache fr many car wners, especially fr thse live in dwntwn areas withut enugh parking spaces.
6.Nw millins f fans are eagerly awaiting its eighth and final seasn, starts n April 14.
7.After living in Australia fr many years,Luise finally returned t the cuntry she was brn.
8.There are perhaps 40 millin cmpetitive table tennis players and many rdinary peple play less seriusly.
9.He was a great scientist and an extrardinary man wrk and legacy will live n fr many years.
10.That is an Oxfrd cllege, famus graduates include the late Benazir Bhutt.
11.But it’s nt like many ther cuntries there seems t be tensin amng the different cultures.
12.Then, a fire, brke ut in 1969 n Cleveland’s Cuyahga River, shed light n the prblem f chemical pllutin in water.
13.Pupils, usually cme frm the fifth r sixth grade, are divided int different teams and try t write dwn every wrd accrding t its prnunciatin.
14.I am already lking frward t their next visit I can shw them mre f what Seville ffers.
Ⅱ.单句填空
1.We have entered int an age dreams have the best chance f cming true.
2.Their child is at the stage she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.
3.She and her family bicycle t wrk, helps them keep fit.
4.Kate, sister I shared a rm with when we were at cllege, has gne t wrk in Australia.
5.Self-driving is an area China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line.
6.My eldest sn, wrk takes him all ver the wrld, is in New Yrk at the mment.
7.In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.
8.I live next dr t a cuple children ften make a lt f nise.
9.We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
10.Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f has been prved.
11.Oppsite is St.Paul’s Church, yu can hear sme lvely music.
12.The number f smkers, is reprted,has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.
13.The bss f the cmpany is trying t create an easy atmsphere his emplyees enjy their wrk.
14.Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn schl educatin depends.
15.China Tday attracts a wrldwide readership, shws that mre and mre peple all ver the wrld want t learn abut China.
16.As the smallest child f his family,Alex is always lnging fr the time he shuld be able t be independent.
17.The bks n the desk, cvers are shiny,are prizes fr us.
三
There was a time 1 I was tired f learning English and disliked speaking English.And this was the reasn 2 my father frced me t jin in a 30-day training in an English club befre I went t senir high schl.When I first came t the club, 3 I met many strangers,I missed my parents very much.S I packed up my things and wanted t g hme.Frtunately,my guide, 4 teacher was Yu Minhng,cmmunicated with me face t face,frm 5 I gained sme useful instructins.He als intrduced a gd partner t me,and we gt alng well with each ther.Gradually I adapted t the life there.Every day I wuld talk t ther teenagers and set dwn a series f activities 6 we did.I shuld be grateful t my father and the guide, 7 encuraged me t fall in lve with English.Nw I feel it interesting t learn English,int 8 I put my entire energy.Every day I read my wrds and passages alud.In class I jin in English discussins.Befre I g t sleep,I recall the passages,thrugh 9 I can memrize a large number f new wrds. 10 ur English teacher says,“As lng as yu frm the habit f learning English every day and have perseverance,yu will master English sner r later.”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
四
My classmate Michael studied very hard 1 he went t senir high schl.Every day he wrked 2 everyne else in my class left the classrm.He said he wuldn’t stp trying 3 he gt satisfying scres in his studies.Hard 4 he tried,he made little prgress. But he didn’t lse heart at all 5 he believed as lng as he persisted he wuld succeed ne day. 6 time went by,he made imprvements in his studies and he was admitted t a university in Beijing at last.We had a get-tgether 7 we started ur new life in university. Everyne had gt ffers frm universities, 8 we had a very gd time.When we std 9 we used t play and study,we culdn’t help thinking f ur happy ld days.We believed we wuld never frget each ther, 10 we wuld g r whatever we wuld d.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
语法填空常考点
短文改错常考点
写作常用句式
1.关系代词wh, whm, whse, which, that, as的用法；
2.关系副词where, when, why的用法；
3.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
1.引导非限制性定语从句该用which而误用其他关系词(如that)；
2.关系代词wh, whm, whse, which, that的缺失；
3.关系代词wh, whm的错用；
4.先行词是人或物时，关系代词wh, which的错用；
5.关系代词as的错用；
6.关系副词和关系代词的误用；
7.人称代词与关系代词的误用。
1.As we all knw is knwn t all ... “众所周知……”
2.As sb. puts it ...“按照某人所说的……”
3.such ...“像……这样的……”
4.the same same as ...“像……一样的”
5.ne f the＋复数名词＋定语从句“……中的一个”
6.the nly ne f the＋复数名词＋定语从句
“……中唯一的一个”
7.由which引导的非限制性定语从句。
..., which ...(which代替上文整句话，译为“这一点”)