完形填空 解密04 生活常识和文化背景（讲义）-【高频考点解密】2025年高考英语二轮复习讲义课件PPT

这是一份完形填空 解密04 生活常识和文化背景（讲义）-【高频考点解密】2025年高考英语二轮复习讲义课件PPT，共14页。PPT课件主要包含了构建知识体系，英语学科素养解读等内容，欢迎下载使用。
【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义完形填空解密04 生活常识和文化背景的复习要点
【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国高考试题还会①文章基本控制在4－5段， 250个词左右，且趋于稳定。②文体以记叙文、夹叙夹议为主，话题多样，但均贴近生活。对于记叙文，要按照记叙文的6要素理顺所叙事情的脉络，还要重视其背后的情感线索。文章均是正能量十足的好文章。③文章结构大致相同，都是以“总－分”或“总－分－总”结构为主，第一段是主旨段，提出话题，之后的几个段落展开说明或深入议论。每个段落内部也同样基本采取“总－分”或“总－分－总”结构，段落开头点明该段的大意，然后再展开详细阐述，必要时再做一简单总结。考点4 生活常识和文化背景2023年命题解读和近三年考点分布1.【2022·新高考I卷】We were stuck in the middle f the lake with a dead mtr. As we all sat there ____32____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rpe and twed (拖) us back. We were safe.32. A. patientlyB. tirelesslyC. dubtfullyD. helplessly32. D考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子并把我们拖了回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. dubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无助地。根据上文“We were stuck in the middle f the lake with a dead mtr.”可推知，此处指在天气恶劣的情况下船无法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D。2.【2022·新高考I卷】The ___29___ picked up and thunder rlled.29. A. windB. niseC. temperatureD. speed29. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. nise噪音；C. temperature温度；D. speed速度。根据上文“strms mve in fast in the muntains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。
3.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】Like many yung peple, Jessica wants t travel the glbe. Unlike mst f them, this 25-year-ld is ding it full-time. She and her husband have spent the last tw years traveling the wrld, stpping everywhere frm Paris t Singapre. It might sund like ne lng, expensive ___22___ , but the cuple has an unusual way t make their travel affrdable.22．A．gameB．serviceC．vacatinD．prcedure22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. vacatin假期；D. prcedure手续。结合上文可知Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。【提示】25岁进行为期2年的旅行，根据常识应该是度假。不然25岁的年轻人要工作。4.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】They’re part f a new frm f the sharing ecnmy: an nline grup f huse sitters. Thrughut their n-cst stays in strangers’ hmes, they feed pets and water plants in the hmewner’s ___26___ .26．A．favrB．defenseC．hnrD．absence26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. favr帮助；B. defense防御；C. hnr荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the hmewner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。【提示】根据常识，只有主人不在家时，才能给他们浇花、为宠物。故选absence。5.【2022·全国甲卷】Fr many years, I enjyed living with my dgs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___41___ was nearly enugh t keep my lneliness at bay.41. A. wnershipB. membershipC. cmpaninshipD. leadership41. C它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. wnership所有权；B. membership会员；C. cmpaninship陪伴；D. leadership领导。根据上文中的“Fr many years, I enjyed living with my dgs, Tilly and Chance. 多年来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起，可知，狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C。【提示】养狗作伴远离孤独是常识。
6.【2021·全国新高考I卷】My life as a tax-paying emplyed persn began in middle schl, when, fr three whle days, I wrked in a baking factry. My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hugh Bakeries, which, at Easter time, made little bunny ( 兔 子 ) cakes fr all its 42 thrughut Cleveland. 42．A．stresB．familiesC．schlsD．citizens【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. stres商店；B. families家庭； C. schls学校；D. citizens市民。根据“thrughut Cleveland”结合生活常识，可知这里指的是这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选A。7.【2021·全国新高考I卷】Dad 53 . The sn f a grcer, he’d spent the summers f his childhd delivering fd in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the srt f wrk that made yu appreciate the dllars yu earned and respect thse wh did the wrk, he tld me.53．A．criedB．smiledC．hesitatedD．refused【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲笑了。A. cried哭了； B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated犹豫； D. refused拒绝。根据“The sn f a grcer, he'd spent the summers f his childhd delivering fd in Bemardsville, New Jersey. This was the srt f wrk that made yu appreciate the dllars yu earned and respect thse wh did the wrk, he tld me.”结合生活常识，可知父亲看到我在第一次挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获，联想到自己童年时类似的经历，父亲会心的笑了。故选B。8.【2021·全国新高考I卷】This was the srt f wrk that made yu 55 the dllars yu earned and respect thse wh did the wrk, he tld me.55．A．withdrawB．dnateC．receiveD．appreciate【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬，并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。A. withdraw撤退；B. dnate捐赠； C. receive收到；D. appreciate欣赏。根据“the dllars yu earned”结合生活常识，可知孩子们会感激并且非常珍惜自己劳动得到的报酬。故选D。
9.【2021·英语全国甲卷】 It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part f the blame fr getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmnt Empress Htel in Victria, Canada.Burchill was 21 at the htel n business and planning t visit sme friends in the area.21．A．studyingB．stayingC．lkingD．packing【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。A. studying研究；B. staying停留；C. lking看；D. packing包装。根据“Burchill was 21 at the htel n business and planning t visit sme friends in the area.”及生活常识可知，Burchill出差住在酒店，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友，自然是在酒店收拾行李。故选D。10.【2021·英语全国甲卷】The seagulls immediately went wild . They rushed t the windw, 30 r 40 birds all trying t 33 at the same time, and pepperni—everywhere. The curtains were falling dwn, the lamps were falling dwn, It was a real mess.33．A．wake upB．get utC．take ffD．break in【答案】B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们冲到窗口，30或40只鸟都想同时出去，到处都是意大利香肠。A. wake up醒来；B. get ut出去；C. take ff起飞；D. break in闯入。根据“They rushed t the windw”及生活常识可知，鸟看到人类很害怕，想同时从窗户逃出去。故选B。11.【2021·英语全国甲卷】Older and wiser nw, Burchill chalked up the incident t yuthful indiscretin (莽撞).“I have matured and I admit respnsibility f my actins,” he said in the letter. “I cme t yu, 37 , t aplgize fr the-damage I had indirectly caused and t ask yu t recnsider my lifetime ban frm the htel.”37．A．hands in pcketB．nse in the airC．hat in handD．feet n the grund【答案】C【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. hands in pcket手放在口袋里； B. nse in the air目中无人；C. hat in hand毕恭毕敬地；D. feet n the grund脚踏实地。根据“t aplgize fr the-damage I had indirectly caused and t ask yu t recnsider my lifetime ban frm the htel.”及生活常识可知，向别人道歉，应该表明自己是毕恭毕敬地。故选C。
12. 【2021年1月浙江高考】But n the last night we were caught in a thunderstrm. I wke up at midnight t find a swimming pl in my tent. The temperature was clse t 31 . I had t spend the rest f the night trembling in the nly dry part f my tent.31．A．bilingB．averageC．nrmalD．freezing【答案】D【解析】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：温度接近零度。A. biling煮沸的的；B. average平均的；C. nrmal正常的；D. freezing冰冻的。根据下文“trembling”得知温度很低。故选D。13. 【2020·海南卷】Pulling up t the building, Grant saw flames（火焰）shting ut f a secnd-flr windw. Nt seeing r hearing any fire engines appraching Grant rushed t a side entrance and ran up the stairs. On the secnd flr, he 45 every apartment dr. "Get ut!" Grant shuted, N ne respnded and he assumed that peple had already escaped.45. A. lcked B. kicked C. cunted D. repaired【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在二楼，他踢了每个公寓的门。A. lcked锁；B. kicked踢；C. cunted计算；D. repaired修。根据上文可知，大楼着火了。格兰特冲上楼去救火，所以踢门符合题意，是为了看里面是否有人。故选B。14. 【2020·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】 The slutin, f curse, was t plant trees s the animals culd seek shelter during the daytime. He turned t the 29 department fr help but was tld that nthing wuld grw there.29．A．labrB．pliceC．frestD．finance【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助，但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labr劳动；B. plice警察；C. frest森林；D. finance财政，金融。根据前一句中的”The slutin, f curse, was t plant trees”可知，Mlai想要种树，所以他应该向”森林”部门求助。故选C。
15. 【2020·全国新课标II】It was just after sunrise n a June mrning. “Nicl,” whse real name cannt be 41 t the public because f Italy’s privacy laws, finished wrking the whle night at a factry in Turin.41．A．attachedB．allcatedC．expsedD．submitted【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicl完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因意大利的隐私法不能暴露给公众。A. attached参加；B. allcated分配；C. expsed暴露；D. submitted上交。根据下文的because f Italy's privacy可知此处用be expsed t“暴露”符合语境，故选C。16. 【2020·全国新课标III】They’ll have ut half the 45 in the shp, and want the nly style yu dn’t have left in a particular clur. I d knw hw upset the shp staff can get, but I try t persuade them（售货员） t keep smiling.45. A. fdsB. catalguesC. belngingsD. gds【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。A. fds食物；B. catalgues目录；C. belngings所有物；D. gds商品。结合后文in the shps可知此处指的是商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。
【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点　考点4 生活常识和文化背景【做题实践中找规律】1.【2023·云南省昆明市第一中学第五次二轮复习检测】What I determined t d was t be a medical dctr. Nt nly am I learning medical knwledge and skills, but als hw t understand the needs and ___29___ f patients.29．A．preferencesB．cncernsC．talentD．histry【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不仅在学习医学知识和技能，还在学习如何理解病人的需求和担忧。A. preferences偏爱；B. cncerns担忧；C. talent天资；D. histry历史。根据空前“the needs”及常识可知，此处指理解病人的需求和担忧。故选B。2.【广东省东莞市2022-2023学年第一学期教学质量检查】I had just stpped by the lcal grcery stre t pick up a few items. Only ne cashier was wrking and the small stre was almst empty. I pulled up at her passage and waited while the guy in frnt f me was ____23____ a full cart f fd. After payment, he put grceries back int his shpping cart and asked if he culd push the cart up t his apartment a quarter mile away, unpack it and bring it back.23．A．exchangingB．packingC．hidingD．unlading【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我停在她的通道上，等着我前面那个男人取出满满的购物车里的东西。A. exchanging交换；B. packing打包；C. hiding隐藏；D. unlading取出。结合常识可知，在商店结账时需要把购物车里的东西取出来扫码才能付款，“取出”符合句意。故选D。
3.【2023·广东省东莞市教学质量检查】If yu spend yur lve helping thers, sner r later yur heart wuld be empty like yur _____32_____ . Thankfully, lve desn’t wrk like that. When we share ur lve, it desn’t decline. Instead, we find that we have even mre lve t share. Always remember the mst priceless thing n earth is FREE. 32．A．pcketB．rmC．streD．wallet【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你把你的爱花费在帮助别人身上，迟早你的心也会像你的钱包一样空。A. pcket口袋；B. rm房间；C. stre商店；D. wallet钱包。根据前文“If yu spend yur lve helping thers sner r later yur heart wuld be empty like yur ________”可知，这里是比喻把花钱和花费在他人身上的爱相比较，根据常识可知爱是装在心里的而钱是装在钱包里的，如果装在心里的爱会花光那么装在钱包里的钱也会花光。故选D。规律方法：完形填空技巧之生活常识和文化背景跨文化思考意识是中学英语《新课程标准》中要求的基本准则之一。因此考生在备考过程中，应该有意识地利用有关资料，了解一些有关中西方文化差异的知识来完善自己的知识系统。完形填空题中有时就渗透着相关的，如科学、历史、文化、风俗民情等方面的知识。如果考生掌握了丰富的文化背景知识和生活常识，就具备了一定的判断能力，可以大大简化复杂的分析过程和判断过程。这就要求考生平时既要多体验生活，又要扩大阅读面，增强自己这方面的知识储备，避免常识性错误。同时，还要注意中西方文化的差异，避免出现汉语式表达或理解。完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生的生活，涉及日常生活常识的试题就在所难免。所以考生在解题时，可以根据这些常识做出正确选择。完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识：有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快又准确地解题。
【变式精讲】【例1】【2023·甘肃省兰州市等4地高三一模】After she grew up, Anne Sullivan hped t help thers, just as the kind ld nurse helped her. She became the____32____f Helen Keller. 32．A．classmateB．teacherC．neighbrD．bss【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她成了海伦凯勒的老师。A. classmate 同学 B. teacher老师C. neighbr 邻居D. bss老板。根据下文结合常识可知，Sullivan 是Helen Keller的老师，故选B。【例2】【2023·辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校第二次考试】Abut 10 minutes befre we left, I happened t lk in the mirrr, seeing tw girls cme in. They sat near me. They started t ____23____ the menu and I culd hear what they said. They whispered. “It’s s expensive!”23．A．readB．findC．typeD．cllect【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她们开始读菜单，我能听到她们说什么。A. read读；B. find找；C. type打字；D. cllect收集。根据空后“the menu”及常识可知，吃饭之前要点菜，所以要看菜单。故选A。
【例3】【2023届高三第一次学业质量评价（T8联考）】A yung wman sitting next t the by nticed him rubbing his arms. She immediately asked him: “Dn’t yu have a jacket?” “N, smene stle it,” he replied. She inquired and learned he was n a schl trip and was tld t meet his teacher at the bus stp. She asked him the name f his schl and where he was frm as she ____26____ draped(披上) her wn cat arund his shulders. 26．A．sympatheticallyB．pretendinglyC．tiredlyD．casually【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她问他学校的名字，从哪里来，同时同情地把自己的外套搭在他肩上。A. sympathetically同情地；B. pretendingly假装地；C. tiredly累地；D. casually随意地。结合常识可知，天气寒冷，年轻女子不顾自己受冻给男孩披上外套，是富有同情心的行为。故选A。【例4】【2023届高三第一次学业质量评价（T8联考）】Actually, Jhanne’s experience was an experiment by Nrwegian charity SOS Children’s Villages. Carried ut by a _____30_____ camera, it was part f their winter campaign t gather dnatins f much-needed cats and blankets t help Syrian children thrugh the winter. 30．A．ptentialB．publicC．hiddenD．mbile【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由一个隐藏的摄像机拍摄，这是他们冬季活动的一部分，目的是筹集急需的外套和毯子，帮助叙利亚儿童过冬。A. ptential可能的；B. public公开的；C. hidden藏起来的；D. mbile移动的。结合常识可知，社会实验一般都是在被拍摄人不知情的情况下，用隐藏式摄像机拍摄的。故选C。