所属成套资源:2025年高考英语二轮复习讲义【高频考点解密】
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完形填空 解密05 瞻前顾后揣摩语境(讲义)-【高频考点解密】2025年高考英语二轮复习讲义课件PPT
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这是一份完形填空 解密05 瞻前顾后揣摩语境(讲义)-【高频考点解密】2025年高考英语二轮复习讲义课件PPT,共17页。PPT课件主要包含了构建知识体系,英语学科素养解读等内容,欢迎下载使用。
【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义完形填空解密05 瞻前顾后揣摩语境的复习要点
【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题,预测2023年全国高考试题还会①文章基本控制在4-5段, 250个词左右,且趋于稳定。②文体以记叙文、夹叙夹议为主,话题多样,但均贴近生活。对于记叙文,要按照记叙文的6要素理顺所叙事情的脉络,还要重视其背后的情感线索。文章均是正能量十足的好文章。③文章结构大致相同,都是以“总-分”或“总-分-总”结构为主,第一段是主旨段,提出话题,之后的几个段落展开说明或深入议论。每个段落内部也同样基本采取“总-分”或“总-分-总”结构,段落开头点明该段的大意,然后再展开详细阐述,必要时再做一简单总结。考点5 瞻前顾后揣摩语境2023年命题解读和近三年考点分布1.【2022·新高考I】My husband, ur children and I have had wnderful camping experiences ver the past ten years.Sme f ur ___21___ are funny, especially frm the early years when ur children were little. 21. A. ideasB. jkesC. memriesD. discveries21. C考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们的一些记忆很有趣,尤其是在早些年我们的孩子很小的时候。A. ideas想法;B. jkes笑话;C. memries记忆;D. discveries发现。根据上文“have had wnderful camping experiences ver the past ten years”以及下文“especially frm the early years when ur children were little”可推知,此处指作者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一些记忆是有趣的。故选C。2.【2022·新高考I】 I tied a rpe arund his waist t keep him near t ur spt. That lasted abut ten minutes. He was ___24___, and his crying let the whle campgrund knw it.24. A. unhurtB. unfrtunateC. uncmfrtableD. unafraid24. C考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他很不舒服,他的哭声让整个营地都知道了这一点。A. unhurt未受伤的;B. unfrtunate不幸的;C. uncmfrtable不舒服的;D. unafraid无所畏惧的。根据上文“I tied a rpe arund his waist t keep him near t ur spt.”以及下文“his crying let the whle campgrund knw it”可推知,此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服,所以才会哭。故选C。
3.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Like many yung peple, Jessica wants t travel the glbe. Unlike mst f them, this 25-year-ld is ding it ___21___ . She and her husband have spent the last tw years traveling the wrld, stpping everywhere frm Paris t Singapre.21.A.indrsB.nlineC.single-handedD.full-time21.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:与他们中的大多数人不同,这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。A. indrs室内;B. nline在线的;C. single-handed单手的;D. full-time全职的。根据后文“She and her husband have spent the last tw years traveling the wrld, stpping everywhere frm Paris t Singapre.(在过去的两年里,她和她的丈夫周游世界,从巴黎到新加坡都在这里停留)”可知,这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。故选D。4.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Thrughut their n-cst stays in ___25___ hmes, they feed pets and water plants in the hmewner’s ___26___ .25.A.strangers’B.parents’C.c-wrkers’D.neighbrs’26.A.favrB.defenseC.hnrD.absence25.考查名词词义辨析。句意:在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中,他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. strangers’陌生人的;B. parents’父母的;C. c-wrkers’同事的;D. neighbrs’邻居的。根据上文可知他们在环球旅行,所以是住在陌生人的家里。故选A。26.考查名词词义辨析。句意:在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中,他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. favr帮助;B. defense防御;C. hnr荣誉;D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the hmewner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。5.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】But huse sitting als ffers a level f ___29___ they can’t find in a htel. “It’s like staying at a friend’s huse,” Jessica says. 29.A.supprtB.cmfrtC.cntrlD.attentin29.考查名词词义辨析。句意:但照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。A. supprt支持;B. cmfrt舒适,安慰;C. cntrl控制;D. attentin注意力。结合后文提到像住在朋友家,可见照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。故选B。
6.【2021·全国新高考I卷】It happened that the plant dwntwn needed eight kids fr plans help during ur spring break, fr which I had n 44 beynd listening t my favrite recrds.43.A.generusB.financialC.technicalD.temprary【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:春假期间,市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙,我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. generus慷慨的; B. financial财政的;C. technical技术的; D. temprary暂时的。根据“during ur spring break”可知这是一份临时性的工作。故选D。7.【2021·全国新高考I卷】I’d 45 minimum wage. I’d see hw a factry wrked.45.A.fferB.earnC.setD.suggest【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我挣的是最低工资。A. ffer提供;B. earn挣得; C. set放置;D. suggest建议。根据“minimum wage”可知我挣的是最低工资。故选B。8.【2021·全国新高考I卷】Our 48 in the factry were simple: Place cakes n a mving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nse.Remve bunny frm the belt. 48.A.jysB.ideasC.rlesD.chices【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们在工厂的任务很简单:把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。 附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A. jys欢乐; B. ideas观点;C. rles任务; D. chices选择。根据“Place cakes n a mving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nse. Remve bunny frm the belt.”可知这是我们的任务。故选C。
9.【2021·英语全国甲卷】As he was 25 that it wuld be t warm, he laid it ut n the table near an pen windw.25.A.surprisedB.pleasedC.excitedD.wrried【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:因为担心会太热,他把它放在桌子上,靠近一扇开着的窗户。A. surprised感到惊讶的;B. pleased高兴的;C. excited兴奋的;D. wrried担心的。根据“he laid it ut n the table near an pen windw.”可知,他担心意大利香肠会太热,所以把它放在桌子上,靠近一扇开着的窗户。故选D。10.【2021·英语全国甲卷】The seagulls immediately went wild. They rushed t the windw, 30 r 40 birds all trying t get ut at the same time, and pepperni—everywhere. The curtains were falling dwn, the lamps were falling dwn, It was a real 34 .34.A.messB.puzzleC.fightD.challenge【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:窗帘在落下,灯也在落下,真是一团糟。A. mess混乱; B. puzzle不解之谜;C. fight打架;D. challenge挑战。根据“The curtains were falling dwn, the lamps were falling dwn”可知,现场一片混乱。故选A。11.【2021·全国高考乙卷】We had a wman patient wh was 44 frm a knee replacement peratin. One afternn, while attempting t get int bed she cllapsed(倒下) frm what was eventually discvered t be a heart attack. 44.A.departingB.escapingC.retiringD.recvering【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们有一个病人膝盖置换手术后正在康复。A. departing出发,离开;B. escaping逃跑;C. retiring退休;D. recvering恢复。结合下文提到手术和病人从床上摔下来可知,病人正在恢复中。故选D。
12.【2021·全国高考乙卷】The cllapse was disastrus, requiring the emergency medical team and gd teamwrk. But she recvered, thugh 48 , and was ready fr discharge(出院)after fur weeks.48.A.slightlyB.accidentallyC.slwlyD.happily【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:虽然很慢,但她恢复了,四周后就可以出院了。A. slightly轻微地;B. accidently意外地;C. slwly缓慢地;D. happily幸福地。根据上文的“the cllapse was disastrus”可知,要从灾难性的病痛中恢复一定很慢。故选C。13.【2021·全国高考乙卷】On her day f discharge, we shared in her delight at her recvery. As she was 51 she was eager t say gdbye t each f us in the nursing team. 51.A.peratingB.thinkingC.hesitatingD.leaving【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当她要离开时,她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. perating手术;B. thinking思考;C. hesitating犹豫;D. leaving离开。根据上文的“n her day f discharge”可知,女病人要出院了,所以此处是指当她即将离开医院时。故选D。
14. 【2020·山东省高考英语试卷(新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】When he was 16, Mlai began t ntice smething 23 happening arund his hme. A fld had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 it caused had driven away a number f birds. Beside, the number f snakes had declined as well.23.A.preciusB.interestingC.disturbingD.awkward24.A.wasteB.tensinC.painD.damage【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时,Mlai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precius宝贵的;B. interesting有趣的;C. disturbing令人不安的,引起烦恼的;D. awkward尴尬的,笨拙的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭,很多鸟儿离开,蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常,令人不安。故选C。【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候,一场洪水袭击了这个地区,洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物;B. tensin紧张;C. pain疼痛,痛苦;D. damage损害,伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区,它会”损害”庄稼、树木,这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D。15. 【2020·海南省高考英语试卷(新高考全国II卷)】Pulling up t the building, Grant saw flames(火焰)shting ut f a secnd-flr windw. Nt seeing r hearing any fire engines 43 Grant rushed t a side 44 and ran up the stairs. 43. A. burning B. leaving C. appraching D. waiting 44. A. entrance B. rad C. building D. windw【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:格兰特把车停到大楼前,看见火焰从二楼的窗户里喷出来。没有看到或听到任何消防车接近。格兰特冲到一个侧门跑上楼梯。A. burning燃烧;B. leaving离开;C. appraching接近;D. waiting等待。分析可知,火焰都已经从二楼喷出来,并且可以看出格兰特跑上楼梯去救火,可以推测是因为消防车没来,此处appraching表示接近,符合题意,故选C。【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:格兰特把车停到大楼前,看见火焰从二楼的窗户里喷出来。没有看到或听到任何消防车接近。格兰特冲到一个侧门跑上楼梯。A. entrance入口;B. rad路;C. building楼;D. windw窗户。根据语境可知,二楼窗户喷火并且消防车没来所以格兰特冲到侧门是为了救火,符合题意,side entrance侧门。故选 A。
16. 【2020·海南省高考英语试卷(新高考全国II卷)】On the secnd flr, he kicked every apartment dr. "Get ut!" Grant shuted, N ne 46 and he assumed that peple had already 47 .46. A. agreed B. cared C. respnded D. understd47. A. arrived B. returned C. hidden D. escaped【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:没有人回应,他以为人们已经逃走了。A. agreed同意;B. cared照顾;C. respnded回应;D. understd理解。分析可知,格兰特踢门问里面是否有人,再结合后面他认为人已经逃走了可以判断出是没有人回应他。故选C。【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:没有人回应,他以为人们已经逃走了。A. arrived到达;B. returned返回;C. hidden藏;D. escaped逃离。分析可知,格兰特踢门但没有人回应,所以他以为人们已经逃走(escaped)符合题意,故选D。17. 【2020·山东省高考英语试卷(新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】 Mlai 35 t plant trees fr the next 37 years. His effrts have resulted in 1,360 acres f naturally-grwn land that has becme hme t many plants and animals.35.A.returnedB.learnedC.failedD.cntinued【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里,Mlai继续种树。A. returned返回;B. learned学会;C. failed失败;D. cntinued继续。根据后一句可知,他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知,在接下来的37年里,他”继续”种树。故选D。
【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点 考点5 瞻前顾后揣摩语境【做题实践中找规律】1.【2023·山西省三重教育12月联考】Mllen’s lunch prjects are easy t d. She desn’t have t buy special ingredients. Instead, she uses leftvers frm dinner the night befre and everyday items frm her fd strage area. She likes using sunflwer seed butter t ____28____ her creatins tgether.28.A.gatherB.fastenC.stickD.cver【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:她喜欢用葵花籽酱将她的作品粘在一起。A. gather聚集;B. fasten系,使牢固;C. stick粘贴;D. cver覆盖。根据上文的“…using sunflwer seed butter…”和下文的“…her creatins tgether.”可知,她用葵花籽酱把自己制作的食物粘合在一起。故选C。2.【2023·安徽省皖南八校第二次大联考】Withut his phne n him, Favrin slwly walked t his neighbrs’ dr, rang their drbell and leaned in ppsitin t the prch-railing (门廊的栏杆). Then, he misplaced his grasp n the railing and ____46____.46.A.disappearedB.advancedC.cllapsedD.survived【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后,他抓错了栏杆,摔倒了。A. disappeared消失;B. advanced前进;C. cllapsed倒塌,摔倒;D. survived幸存。根据上文“he misplaced his grasp n the railing and”指他抓错了栏杆,摔倒了。故选C。
3.【2023·山西部分重点中学12月月考】“Mm, we want t write a bk” my five year ld twins, Delilah and Nathenial, annunced ne day. “Sure. I’ll get sme paper”I said. They had made s many “bks” and I had all the _21_ at hand. Mm we want t make a real bk. 21.A.cmmentsB.prpsalsC.suppliesD.secrets【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们做了那么多“书”,而我手上有所有的用品。A. cmments评论;B. prpsals提议;C. supplies供应,用品;D. secrets秘密。根据上文“I'll get sme paper”指作者手里有写写画画的用品。故选C。4.【2023届高三第一次学业质量评价(T8联考)】Later, anther wman gave him her scarf and then ____27____ him in her large vercat. Thrughut the day, mre and mre peple ffered t give him glves and even the cats ff their backs as they waited fr their bus. 27.A.carriedB.bundC.placedD.wrapped【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:后来,另一个女人把自己的围巾给了他,然后把他裹在自己的大大衣里。A. carried带上;B. bund捆绑;C. placed放置;D. wrapped包住。根据下文“in her large vercat”判断,对于男孩来说,女人的衣服非常大,所以此处是很形象地形容女人将他裹在大衣里面。故选D。
规律方法:完形填空技巧之瞻前顾后揣摩语境利用语境选词旨在考查考生在语境中熟练运用所学语言的实践技能。完形填空的每一个空白的设置并不是随心所欲的,命题人主要通过上下文暗示出某种信息来保证答案的正确性和唯一性,因此考生应该通过上下文的暗示获取解题信息,因此做完形填空题时一定要“瞻前顾后,前引后联”,充分利用文章所有可能提供的信息解题。在做题时考生还可以利用褒贬性语境及一些语言结构来判定正确答案。任何完形填空文章的语境都具有一定的褒贬性,它反映了作者或主人公特定的情绪状态,并支撑着文意的发展,因此利用褒贬性语境的情感性可以巧妙进行完形填空信息推断。所以考生要在读懂原文、掌握大意的基础上,选语气与文章一致的选项。通过“顾后信息”解题众所周知,完形填空的命题不是“天马行空”,更不是“独来独往”,所以正确领会和下文情节的发展发生这样或那样的关系,这就成为寻找正确项的根据。因此,考生需要“顾及”空后的相关信息,从而做出正确的选择。[典例]Je Simpsn and Simn Yates were the first peple t climb the West Face f the Siula Grande in the Andes muntains. They reached the tp__21__,but n their way back cnditins were very__22__(difficult).Je fell and brke his leg. They bth knew that if Simn__23__(cntinued) alne,he wuld prbably get back__24__(safely).21.A. hurriedly B.Carefully C.successfully D.early[剖析]从空后信息寻找解题根据是完形填空题中最常用的解题方法之一。该题空前谈到他们登山,特别是空后谈到他们返回,只有他们成功地到达山顶才有返回的可能。另外考生需要注意,利用空后信息解题通常指偏靠前面的题目。[答案]C
通过“瞻前信息”解题这种情况多出现在文章展开之后,这时前文已经含有丰富的语境信息,设空和前文有逻辑或语境的联系,这样空前的信息就成为解题的根据。解题时一定要善于捕捉这些重要的信息,以达到解题的目的。[典例][2016·全国Ⅰ]Once fire and emergency peple arrived,Larry and the ther man __56__(backed ff) and let them g t wrk. Then,Larry asked the __57__ if he was needed r __58__(free) t g. They let him and the ther man g.57.A. wman B.plice C.man D.driver[剖析]在完形填空的解题中,运用空前信息解题是最常用的解题方法之一。从上文“Once fire and emergency peple arrived”可知警察赶到现场。[答案]B【变式精讲】【例1】【2023·安徽省皖南八校第二次大联考】But that day, when he did exercise figuring ut, he began feeling dangerus. He culdn’t carry his arms abve his shulders and felt ache in his chest. He ____44____ he was having a heart attack.43.A.cleverlyB.halfwayC.blindlyD.bitterly【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:但是那天,当他做了一半的运动时,他开始感到危险。A. cleverly聪明地;B. halfway一半;C. blindly盲目地;D. bitterly愤怒地。根据后文“He culdn’t carry his arms abve his shulders and felt ache in his chest.(他的胳膊不能举过肩膀,感到胸口疼痛)”可知,运动到一半,身体不舒服。故选B。
【例2】【2023·山西省三重教育12月联考】Making artful lunches fr Mllen’s children helps ____29____ her guilt. She is a wrking mther and she is nt available fr her kids after schl. Her artful lunches are her way f reminding her children that she is missing them.29.A.easeB.blameC.breakD.prve【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:为莫伦的孩子们制作巧妙的午餐有助于减轻她的内疚感。A. ease缓解,使轻松;B. blame谴责;C. break打破;D. prve证明。根据下文的“…her guilt.”和“She is a wrking mther and she is nt _____ fr her kids after schl.”可知,制作这样的食物减轻她的内疚,因为她没有时间陪伴自己的孩子。故选A。【例3】【2023届高三第一次学业质量评价(T8联考)】Temperatures in the Nrwegian capital regularly drp t -10℃ during winter. ____21____ in the harsh winter withut wearing a cat, a by wrapped his arms arund himself n a bus stp bench. 21.A.ThinkingB.JumpingC.SleepingD.Trembling【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:一个没有穿外套的男孩坐在公交车站的长椅上,在寒冷的冬日瑟瑟发抖。A. Thinking思考;B. Jumping跳;C. Sleeping睡觉;D. Trembling发抖。根据空前“Temperatures in the Nrwegian capital regularly drp t -10℃ during winter.”和空后“withut wearing a cat,”可知,冬天很冷,男孩没有外套;由此可以推出男孩是在冬天里冷到发抖。故选D。
【例4】【2023·山西部分重点中学12月月考】Like these! Delilah said, hlding up sme picture bks. Were they_23_? I thught. I didn’t knw hw t get a bk published. Still, I didn’t want t destry their creativity I said,“OK... What d yu want it t be abut?”23.A.prayingB.jkingC.cryingD.replying【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们在开玩笑吗?A. praying祈祷;B. jking开玩笑;C. crying哭泣;D. replying回答。根据后文“I didn’t knw hw t get a bk published.(我不知道如何让一本书出版)”可知,作者感到不可置信,认为孩子在开玩笑。故选B。