（北师大版）新高考英语一轮复习讲义语法专题专题二　第三讲　形容词和副词

这是一份（北师大版）新高考英语一轮复习讲义语法专题专题二　第三讲　形容词和副词，共11页。

I bught an interesting① nvel yesterday.The bk is s interesting② that I can hardly let g f it.Wrried③ abut my study，my mther tk it away.Hwever，I fund my mther absrbed④ in it.
My mther is reading the nvel attentively⑤ nw and she is quite⑤ mved by it.Obviusly⑥，she wn’t return the bk t me sn.
[规则感悟] ①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在“感官或使役动词＋宾语”之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。⑤副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。⑥副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。
1．形容词的构词规则
(1)名词转换为形容词的规则
注意 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y，如：nise→nisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。
(2)动词转换为形容词的规则
注意 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y，如：nise→nisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。
2．形容词变副词的规则
注意 下面这两个单词是特殊的形式：whle→whlly public→publicly
3．常见的以-ly结尾的形容词
(1)表示时间的形容词：hurly每小时的；daily 每天的；weekly 每周的；mnthly 每月的；yearly 每年的；timely及时的，适时的。
(2)表示人的形容词：manly有男子气概的；wmanly 女性特有的；mtherly慈母般的；fatherly 慈父般的；cmradely 同志般的。
(3)表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容词：lvely可爱的；friendly 友好的；ugly 难看的；lively 活泼的；lnely 孤独的；unfriendly 不友好的；kindly 亲切的；sickly多病的；elderly 年长的。
(4)表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态的形容词：likely可能的；rderly 整齐的；deadly 致命的；chilly 寒冷的；disrderly 乱七八糟的；unlikely 不大可能发生的。
4．如何区分-ed结尾的形容词与-ing结尾的形容词
(1)-ing结尾的形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人……的”。
(2)-ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，也可以修饰事物，多修饰smile(微笑)，appearance(外貌)，face(面部表情)，vice(声音)，lk(表情)，expressin(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。
He had a pleased smile n his face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He tld me the news in a very excited vice.
他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。
5．常考的连接性副词
thugh然而，可是；meanwhile 在此期间；therefre/thus/cnsequently因此，所以；mrever/furthermre而且，此外；besides而且，另外，还有；hwever然而；instead相反，代替；anyway/anyhw尽管，即使这样；therwise否则。
The yung man culdn’t affrd a new car.Instead，he bught a used ne.
那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。
The huse was t expensive and t big.Besides，I’d grwn fnd f ur little rented huse.这个房子太贵、太大了。而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的小屋了。
6．意义不同的同根副词
(1)eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(clse adv.不远地；接近地,clsely adv.密切地))
(2)eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(free adv.免费地,freely adv.自由地))
(3)eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(hard adv.努力地,hardly adv.几乎不))
(4)eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(late adv.晚，迟,lately adv.近来))
(5)eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(mst adv.非常；几乎，差不多,mstly adv.主要地))
(6)eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(wide adv.尽可能远地；充分地,widely adv.广泛地))
(7)eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(high adv.高,highly adv.高度地))
(8)eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(deep adv.深地；在深处,deeply adv.深刻地))
(9)eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(near adv.在附近,nearly adv.几乎))
对点练习
1．The ld peple there were talkative and they tld us their persnal(persn) stries cheerfully.
2．There were many peple waiting at the bus stp，and sme f them lked very anxius and disappinted(disappint)．
3．I’ll never frget the amazing(amaze) trip I had in Beijing，China and I hpe t g there next time with my friends.
4．He spent seven days in the wind and snw，cld and hungry(hunger)．
5．In the study，GBS was used t prvide a highly(high) efficient way f demnstrating quantum cmputatinal speedup in slving sme tasks.
6．The title will be fficially(fficial) given t me at a ceremny in Lndn.
7．Luckily(lucky)，he als has a cw which prduces milk every day.
8．I am terribly(terrible) srry that I can’t g t the bkstre with yu at the appinted time.
In my family，my mther is the thinnest①.My father is much taller② than her and me，but he is twice as heavy as③ my mther，and becming fatter and fatter④.He is quite wrried because the fatter⑤ he is，the mre likely⑤ he is t be ill.
[规则感悟] ①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est；以e结尾的直接加-r或-st；以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词注意双写结尾辅音字母；以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er或-est；多音节词前面加mre或mst。
两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。
②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，a little，a bit，even，far，still 等词修饰。
③倍数表达法：
·A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B
·A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B
·A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)＋f＋B
④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。
⑤“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。
1．少数以-er，-w，-y或-le结尾的双音节词，可以加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。
clever→cleverer→cleverest
narrw→narrwer→narrwest
easy→easier→easiest
simple→simpler→simplest
2．有些形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。
这类形容词有right(正确的)，wrng(错误的)，pssible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。
3．有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。
gd/well→better→best
bad/ill→wrse→wrst
many/much→mre→mst
little→less→least
ld→lder/elder→ldest/eldest
far→farther→farthest(指具体空间上)
far→further→furthest(指抽象程度上)
4．比较级的基本用法
(1)同级比较
①as＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“和……一样”；nt as/s＋adj./adv.(原级)＋as...“不如……”
Since peple are fnd f humur，it is as welcme in cnversatin as anywhere else.
因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。
②当结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：
as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as...
as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...
as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...
I’m nt a little tired tday after giving the rm a thrugh cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as tday.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我非常累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。
(2)比较级比较
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。
I knw my sister better than anyne else.Once she has made up her mind，nthing can change it.
我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。
5．比较级的特殊用法
①“mre＋原级＋than＋原级”表示“与其说……不如说……”。
The girl was mre frightened than hurt.
与其说这个女孩是受了伤，不如说是受到了惊吓。
②“mre than＋主语＋can＋谓语”表示“非……所能；……不能”。
The beauty f the city is mre than I can describe.这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。
③形容词比较级前一般不用冠词，但如果出现表示范围的短语时，就需要加定冠词。
Of the tw sisters，Mary is the cleverer.
这两姐妹中，玛丽更聪明。
6．比较级形式表示最高级含义
在某个特定范围内，同类事物对比，可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。
①比较级＋than＋any ther＋可数名词单数
②比较级＋than＋the ther＋可数名词复数
③比较级＋than＋anyne/anything else
④比较级＋than＋any f the ther＋可数名词复数
⑤“否定词＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。
China is the largest cuntry in Asia.That is，it is larger than any ther cuntry in Asia.
中国是亚洲最大的国家。即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。
N man is better than yu in the wrld.
人世间没有人比你好。
I haven’t read a mre interesting nvel.
这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。
7．最高级的基本用法
(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语
She is the mst active student in ur class.
她是我们班最活跃的学生。
(2)ne f＋形容词最高级＋名词复数
Shanghai is ne f the biggest cities in ur cuntry.
＝Shanghai is amng the biggest cities in ur cuntry.上海是我国最大的城市之一。
(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词
Africa is the secnd largest cntinent in the wrld.非洲是世界上第二大洲。
对点练习
1．The mre(much) we d fr thse in need，the happier we’ll be.
2．Rad safety has arused wider(wide) attentin f the public than befre.
3．During the end f the 19th century and the beginning f the 20th century，Beijing Opera finally frmed and became the biggest(big) f all peras in China.
4．The electrnic waste stream is increasing three times faster(fast) than traditinal garbage as a whle.
5．I have seldm seen my mther as/s pleased with my prgress as she is nw.
1．When the huse was built，it was much smaller(small) than it is tday.(2021·浙江6月)
2．Xia lng ba(sup dumplings)，thse amazing cnstructins f delicate dumpling wrappers encasing ht，tasty(taste) sup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favrite Chinese street fd.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
3．One day the emperr wanted t get his prtrait(画像) dne s he called all great artists t cme and present their finest(fine) wrk，s that he culd chse the best.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
4．As the small bat mved gently(gentle) alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
层级一 基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．Last Octber，while tending her garden in Mra，Sweden，Lena Pahlssn pulled ut a handful f small carrts(carrt) and was abut t thrw them away.
2．Handle the mst imprtant tasks first，and yu’ll feel a real sense f achievement(achieve)．
3．Althugh he researches clning，his intentin(intend) has never been t create cpies f humans.
4．In the early fifties(fifty)，researchers fund that peple scred higher n intelligence tests if they spke mre than ne language.
5．She is the twelfth(twelve) tutr，wh has cme t lk after his children since their mther died.
6．The ld man ges t the park every third(three) day，jgging with his fellws.
7．But the successful test drilling fr fire ice des nt mean it can be extracted fr industrial(industry) use.
8．The wrld’s ppulatin is increasing at a surprising(surprise) rate and ur envirnment is facing great pressure.
9．Nwadays it’s the secnd largest(large) city in Bulgaria and it’s a significant ecnmic，educatinal and cultural center.
10．Huizhu is famus fr its stne，wd and brick carvings，which are widely(wide) used in the decratin f lcal huses.
层级二 高考真题练
单句语法填空
1．Fables were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures，and the well-knwn Aesp’s fables date t the sixth(six) century，，the frm f the fable still has values tday，as Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw”．(2023·全国甲)
2．Different(difference) frm traditinal fables，Carsn’s stry ends with an accusatin instead f a mral.(2023·全国甲)
3．Hwever，Carsn’s theme is a mre weighty warning(warn) abut envirnmental destructin.(2023·全国甲)
4．The remarkable(remark) develpment f this city，which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld，means there is always smething new t discver here，and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.(2023·全国乙)
5．N matter where I buy them，ne steamer basket is rarely(rare) enugh，yet tw seems greedy，and s I am always left wanting mre next time.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
6．They talk t the fld f internatinal turists and t visiting(visit) Chinese zkeepers wh ften cme t check n the pandas，which are n lan frm China.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)
7．They als need t be ready t give interviews(interview) in English with internatinal jurnalists.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)
8．S，what are they learning？Basically(basic)，hw t describe a panda’s life.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)
9．Jhn Olsn，a frmer phtgrapher (phtgraph) and his team turn paintings int fully textured 3D mdels.(2022·浙江6月)
10．Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre meaningful (meaning)．The tw f them cllected mre than 1,000 plastic bttles alng the 40-day jurney.(2022·全国甲)
层级三 语篇提能练
语法填空
(2023·浙江1月改编)
During China’s 1.dynastic(dynasty) perid，emperrs planned the city f Beijing and arranged the residential areas accrding t scial 2.classes(class)．The term “hutng”，3.riginally(riginal)meaning “water well” in Mnglian，appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty，the center was the Frbidden City，surrunded in cncentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.Citizens f higher scial classes were permitted t live 4.clser(clse) t the center f the circles.The large siheyuan f these high-ranking fficials and 5.wealthy(wealth)businessmen ften featured 6.beautifully(beautiful) carved and painted rf beams and pillars(柱子)．The hutngs they frmed were rderly，lined by 7.spacius(space) hmes and walled gardens.Farther frm the center lived the cmmners and labrers.Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 8.simpler/mre simple(simple) in design and decratin，and the hutngs were narrwer.
Hutngs represent an imprtant 9.cultural(culture) element f the city f Beijing.Thanks t Beijing’s lng histry as capital f China，almst every hutng has its stries，and sme are even assciated with histric 10.events(event)．In cntrast t the curt life and upper-class culture represented by the Frbidden City，the Summer Palace，and the Temple f Heaven，the hutngs reflect the culture f grassrts Beijingers.
1．形容词的名词化表达
某些形容词可以用“be f＋抽象名词”来表达。例如：be imprtant＝be f imprtance be beneficial＝be f benefit be valuable＝be f value be helpful＝be f help be useful＝be f use
eq \x(典例) (2023·天津6月)作为一名来自中国的交换生，我认为不同国家之间的文化交流是非常重要的。
As an exchange student frm China，I believe that cultural exchange between different cuntries is f great imprtance.
eq \x(运用) (2022·全国甲)说到海洋，它对世界非常重要，然而，它的污染正变得越来越严重。
When it cmes t cean，it’s f great imprtance t the wrld；hwever，its pllutin is becming mre and mre serius.
2．副词的名词化表达
某些表示情绪的副词可以用“介词＋名词”短语表达。例如：angrily＝with anger anxiusly＝with anxiety curiusly＝with curisity cmfrtably＝in cmfrt peacefully＝in peace hurriedly＝in a hurry jyfully＝with jy
eq \x(典例) (2022·浙江1月)亨德森博士很高兴看到我们完成的项目并满意地对我们说：“一个人可以走得很远，但一群人可以走得更远。”
Dr Hendersn was very glad t see ur cmpleted prject and said t us with satisfactin，“One persn can g far，but a grup f persns can travel farther.”
eq \x(运用) (2023·浙江1月)上周末，我带着好奇心参加了学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。
Last weekend，I participated in a “Getting t Knw the Plants Arund Us” activity rganised by ur Student Cuncil with curisity.
3．活用带有比较级的句型
(1)the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..
eq \x(典例) (2023·全国乙)我在冰上练习得越多，我就越熟练，很快就滑得很自如了。
The mre I practised skating n the ice，the mre skilled I was，and I sn skated n the ice smthly.
eq \x(运用) (2022·全国甲)正如你们所知，参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。
As yu knw，the mre peple are invlved，the better the cean envirnment is.
(2)“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
eq \x(典例) (2022·全国乙)我认为，在英语学习中，没有比自律更重要的了。
As far as I’m cncerned，nthing is mre imprtant than self-discipline in English learning.
eq \x(运用) (2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)没有什么比老师的鼓励更重要。没有老师的鼓励，我就不可能获奖。
Nthing is mre imprtant than my teacher’s encuragement.Withut it，I culdn’t have wn the prize.类别
例词
词尾加-y
clud→cludy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，wind→windy，salt→salty
词尾加-(e)d
gift→gifted，talent→talented，experience→experienced，detail→detailed，age→aged
词尾加-ful/-less
meaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless，help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，clur→clurful/clurless，use→useful/useless，thank→thankful/thankless
词尾加-able
cmfrt→cmfrtable，knwledge→knwledgeable，remark→remarkable，fashin→fashinable，reasn→reasnable
词尾加-us
danger→dangerus，curage→curageus，humr→humrus
词尾变-ce为-t
absence→absent，cnfidence→cnfident，difference→different，elegance→elegant，persistence→persistent，significance→significant
词尾(去e)加-al
music→musical，persn→persnal，natin→natinal，educatin→educatinal，traditin→traditinal，prfessin→prfessinal
词尾去-e加-al或-ial
agriculture→agricultural，culture→cultural，glbe→glbal，universe→universal，virtue→virtual，cmmerce→cmmercial，finance→financial
词尾加-ly
friend→friendly，week→weekly，lve→lvely
词尾加-en
wd→wden，wl→wlen
词尾去-e或-y加-etic/-ic
athlete→athletic，energy→energetic，scene→scenic，ecnmy→ecnmic，histry→histric
其他常见变化
habit→habitual，fl→flish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific，medicine→medical，day→daily，influence→influential，suth→suthern
类别
例词
词前加-a
live→alive，wake→awake，sleep→asleep
词尾加-ed/-d
excite→excited，educate→educated，relax→relaxed，challenge→challenged，crwd→crwded，balance→balanced
词尾(去e)加-ing
surprise→surprising，cnvince→cnvincing，frighten→frightening，appeal→appealing，reward→rewarding，invite→inviting
词尾(去e)加-able
accept→acceptable，respect→respectable，enjy→enjyable，adjust→adjustable，affrd→affrdable，bear→bearable，suit→suitable，recgnize→recgnizable
词尾(去e)加-ive/-ative/-itive
act→active，attract→attractive，cmpare→cmparative，cmpete→cmpetitive，create→creative，impress→impressive，relate→relative，select→selective
类别
例词
(1)一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly。
quick→quickly，anxius→anxiusly
(2)以辅音字母＋e结尾的形容词直接加-ly，以元音字母＋e结尾的形容词去掉e再加-ly。
immediate→immediately，plite→plitely，true→truly
(3)以辅音字母＋le结尾的形容词要去掉e再加-y。
pssible→pssibly，prbable→prbably
(4)以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词要变y为i再加-ly。
happy→happily，healthy→healthily
(5)以ic结尾的形容词要在其后加-ally。
ecnmic→ecnmically，basic→basically
(6)以ll结尾的形容词要在其后加-y。
full→fully，dull→dully