（北师大版）新高考英语一轮复习讲义语法专题专题三　第一讲　冠词

这是一份（北师大版）新高考英语一轮复习讲义语法专题专题三　第一讲　冠词，共5页。

My friend Linda is an hnest girl① studying in a university①.We are f an age②，and we bth drink a cup f milk③ a day④.S we think a cw⑤ is very useful.
[规则感悟] 不定冠词的用法
①表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人、某物时通常用不定冠词；在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。②表示“同一，相同”。③表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有ne强烈。④表示“每一”，相当于per/each/every。⑤表示“一类”事物。
1．不定冠词a/an用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。
He misses the gld medal in the high jump，but he will get a secnd chance in the lng jump.他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。
2．不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”，相当于sme/a certain。
A Mr White with sme big bags is waiting t see yu at the schl gate.一位拿着几个大袋子的怀特先生正在学校门口等着见你。
3．不定冠词与物质名词或抽象名词连用。
抽象名词和物质名词在表示“概念”时，其前常用零冠词；但在表示具体的人或事物时变成了可数名词，需要与不定冠词连用，表示“一个、一种、一场、一阵”等。具有此用法的名词有物质名词——rain，snw，fg，wind，drink，cffee，beer，fire，paper等；抽象名词——success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，wnder，cmfrt，danger，shck等。
After we prepared all the equipment fr an utdr phtgraphy，suddenly a heavy rain came.
我们为户外摄影准备好所有设备后，突然下起了大雨。
Tny is a famus pianist.I’m abslutely certain that his cncert this Sunday will be a success.
托尼是一位著名的钢琴家。我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定会成功。
4．有些不可数名词如knwledge，cllectin，understanding等后面加f时，前面需要用不定冠词。如：have a knwledge f...“了解……”；have a gd understanding f...“对……有很好的了解”。
Only by reading the latest issue f this magazine can yu have a knwledge f the astrnauts’ life in space.只有读了这本杂志的最新一期，你才能了解宇航员在太空的生活。
5．“a＋mst＋形容词”表示“很……，非常……”，mst在此不表示最高级含义，相当于very，而“the＋mst＋多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式，表示“最……”。
Fr a great many men and wmen，rmance can be a mst imprtant part f marriage.
对许多男人和女人来说，爱情是婚姻中非常重要的一部分。
It is ne f the mst riginal wrks f imaginatin in the English language.
它是英语中最具原创性的想象作品之一。
6．不定冠词常见的固定搭配。
have a gift fr有……的天赋
get a lift/ride搭便车
pay a visit t参观
lend sb a hand帮助某人
as a result因此
at a distance离一段距离
a waste f ……的浪费
be/g n a diet节食
make a living谋生
as a matter f fact事实上
in a sense/way在某种意义上
all f a sudden突然
对点练习
1．In Chinese culture，each year is related t a Chinese animal accrding t the 12-year cycle.
2．He nt nly is the best student in ur class，but als has an excellent sense f humur.
3．He smiled back as if t give me a receipt and I wuld preserve his smile fr a lng time.
4．One thing we can d t help slve this prblem is walk r use a bicycle when pssible.
Mr Smith is a teacher frm the United States①.He was the first② freign teacher I had met.In the 1990s③，he and his wife were traveling alng the Yangtze River④ when a ship was wrecked.The Smiths⑤ came up t help the injured⑥ and saved a by by catching him by the arm⑦.The by’s parents said they were the kindest⑧ peple in the wrld⑨.They wuld remember the cuple⑩ frever.
[规则感悟] 定冠词的用法
①用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前。②用于序数词之前。③用在朝代、世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。④用于江、河、湖、海、山、岛前。⑤用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”。⑥用在形容词或分词前，表示某一类人或物。⑦摸/打/抓(等表动作的词)＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位。⑧用于形容词或副词的最高级前。⑨用在世界上独一无二的事物前。⑩特指上文已经提到过的人或事物。
1．被演奏的西洋乐器前用the，但是球类、棋类之前却没有冠词。
As far as I knw，he likes playing the pian but desn’t like playing ftball.
据我所知，他喜欢弹钢琴却不喜欢踢足球。
2．用在表计量的名词前，如by the hur，by the day，by the dzen，by the meter等。但是如果是在抽象名词前，则不用冠词，如：by weight，by time，by length，by size等。
I gt paid by time.T be exact，I gt paid by the hur.
我按时间拿报酬，确切地说，我是按小时拿钱。
3．定冠词的常见固定搭配：
at the mment此刻；目前
in the end最后，最终
t tell the truth说实话
n the ther hand另一方面
by the way顺便说一下
in the middle f在……中间
at the same time同时
n the cntrary相反
n the whle总的来说
in the distance在远处
t the pint中肯；切题
make the mst/best f充分利用
对点练习
1．She stayed up until eleven thirty ne evening n purpse just t see the mnlight.
2．Rbert Bruce，leader f the Scts in the 13th century，was hiding in a cave frm the English then.
3．Smking is ne f the biggest causes f preventable deaths in England.
4．The Greens are a happy cuple；they have been married fr 30 years.
5．The injured have been sent t hspital where they will be treated.
When learning that teachers① are badly needed in remte districts①，Lily vlunteered t teach in a remte place.Lcal peple have made her headmaster② f the schl since her arrival and she teaches Chinese③，maths③，and English③ herself frm spring t winter④ and frm Mnday t Sunday④.On weekends，she teaches her students⑤ t play vlleyball and chess⑥.When she finds many children attending schl withut having lunch⑦，she raises mney① fr the children’s meals.
[规则感悟] 常用零冠词的几种情况
①表泛指的可数名词复数或不可数名词前。②表示独一无二的头衔和职位的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。③表示语言、学科的名词前不用冠词。④季节、月份、日期、星期、节假日前不用冠词。⑤名词前已有this，that，my，her，sme，each等限定词时不再用冠词。⑥表示球类运动、棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词。⑦一日三餐前一般不加冠词。
1．用于固定结构中的零冠词。
“零冠词＋单数名词＋as/thugh＋主语＋谓语，主句”，意为“虽然……但是……”。
Yung man as he is，he has seen much f the wrld.尽管他很年轻，但他阅历很丰富。
2．n与such连用时放在such之前，而such后的名词前不用冠词。
As the saying ges，there is n such thing as a free lunch.If yu want smething，g and earn it.俗话说，天下没有免费的午餐。如果你想要什么，就得去挣。
3．零冠词的常见固定搭配。
n purpse故意地 by chance碰巧
catch fire着火 at dawn在黎明
face t face面对面 ut f date过时的
make rm fr给……让位 in debt负债
in shape状况良好 n ft步行
in danger在危险中 side by side肩并肩
frm time t time不时地 hand in hand手拉手
day after day日复一日地
heart and sul全心全意地
1．While yu’re in China，Munt Huangshan is a must t visit！(2021·新课标Ⅰ)
2．Nt the pandas，even thugh the language used fr the medical training instructins is actually English.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)