（北师大版）新高考英语一轮复习讲义语法专题专题三　第三讲　介词

这是一份（北师大版）新高考英语一轮复习讲义语法专题专题三　第三讲　介词，共12页。试卷主要包含了表示方位的介词，表示时间的介词，表示原因的介词，其他重要介词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1．表示方位的介词
We walked acrss① the beach，thrugh② the wds and finally came t③ the huse which was under④the big tree marked in⑤ the map.After stepping int⑥ the huse，we fund a small black table，ver⑦ which was a lamp.Then we lked arund⑧，nly t find nthing.My friend fund smething special—an empty bx.Beneath⑨ it was a nte saying，“Stand beside⑩ the windw and lk ut f⑪ it.” Frm⑫ the windw we saw anther huse beynd⑬ a small hill.
[规则感悟] ①acrss指从较为平坦的表面穿过。②thrugh指从立体的事物中间穿过。③t指“到某处，去某处”。④under在……下面，无接触面。⑤in在……里面。⑥int到……里面。⑦ver在……正上方(无接触面)；n在……上面(有接触面)。⑧arund在/向……周围。⑨beneath在……下面(有接触面)。⑩beside在……旁边。⑪ut f向/在……外面。⑫frm从……。⑬beynd 在/向……较远的一边，超出。
2．表示时间的介词
It happened n① a Saturday mrning in② Nvember,2021.My parents left hme at③ 6：00 am t meet my uncle at the airprt and tld me they wuld cme back in② tw hurs.Hwever，it wasn’t lng befre④ smene kncked at the dr，and I lked thrugh the peephle and saw a stranger.I quickly lcked the dr frm the inside，and didn’t pen it until⑤ my parents came back.During⑥ the tw hurs，the stranger always tried t tell me smething but I wuldn’t listen t him.On seeing my parents，the stranger said，“I have been waiting ut f the dr fr⑦ tw hurs since 6：10 am.” Why had my uncle changed s much ver⑧ the years?
[规则感悟] ①n指在具体的某一天。②in用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前，或者指上/下午或晚上；也可用在表示一段时间的词之前，表示“多久之后”。③at用在几点钟或night/nn之前。④befre在……之前。⑤until直到……时候。⑥during在……期间。⑦fr表示延续一段时间。⑧ver表示“在……期间”，表延续。
3．表示原因的介词
Jhn was punished fr① cheating in the exam.His father was angry at/ver② it and he trembled with③ anger because f④ Jhn’s bad behaviur.
[规则感悟] ①fr表示原因，后面可以跟名词(词组)或动名词。②at/ver用在表示情绪的形容词之后，后面跟代词或名词(词组)。③with用在表示情绪的名词之前。④because f/wing t/due t/thanks t之后不跟陈述句，跟名词(短语)/名词性从句。
4．其他重要介词
Between① the tw pinins，I am fr② the first ne but against③ the secnd ne.By④ wearing schl unifrms，students can be treated equally by④ thers despite⑤ the different ecnmic backgrunds amng⑥ them.Besides⑦，the price is within⑧ students’ reach.Mst students except⑨ a minrity f them say schl unifrms are gd except fr⑩ the fact that they are nt fashinable.
[规则感悟] ①between表示“两者之间”。②fr表示“支持”。③against表示“反对”。④by表示“借助/通过……”，也可以表示“被……”。⑤despite表示“尽管”，等于in spite f。⑥amng表示在三者或三者以上中。⑦besides表示“除此之外(还)”。⑧within表示“在……范围之内”。⑨except表示同类事物除外。⑩except fr表示与整体陈述相对的细节修补。
一、介词的省略
1．当表示时间的词前有this，that，next，last，every，each，sme，any，all等时，介词常省略。
We watched an exciting ftball match last week.
上周我们观看了一场激动人心的足球赛。
Cme any day yu like.你想哪天来就哪天来。
2．表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一……”讲时，其前不用介词。
An apple a day keeps the dctr away.
每天一个苹果，医生远离我。
3．习惯搭配中介词的省略。
一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配使用的介词常可省略，常见的此类搭配有spend sme time (in) ding sth，waste sme time (in) ding sth，have difficulty/truble (in) ding sth，be busy (in) ding sth，stp/prevent sb (frm) ding sth等。
Frank insisted that he was nt asleep althugh I had great difficulty (in) waking him up.
弗兰克坚持说自己没有睡觉，虽然我叫醒他费了好大劲。
二、介词不可省略的问题
1．在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能省略。
The children have been taken gd care f in the kindergarten.
这些孩子在幼儿园里得到了很好的照顾。
2．当非谓语动词表示被动意义时，相关介词也不可省略。
The prblem is well wrth paying attentin t.
这个问题很值得关注。
3．在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时，必须加上介词。
The library which we ften g t is nt far away frm ur schl.
我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校不远。
三、介词短语
1．介词与名词构成的搭配：
(1)at＋名词
at a lss不知所措
at the cst f以……的代价
at peace处于和平状态
at the risk f冒……的危险
at war处于战争状态
at the mercy f在……支配下；由……摆布
at the same time同时
(2)n＋名词
n exhibitin/shw/display在展出
n accunt f因为
n fire着火
n average平均；一般地
n sale出售；打折
n behalf f代表
n n accunt/cnditin决不
n the decrease/increase在减少/在增加
n hliday/vacatin在度假
(3)by＋名词
by accident/chance偶然地
by hand手工
by mistake错误地
by the day按天算
by cincidence碰巧
by nature天生地
(4)in＋名词
in cash用现金付款
in charge f掌管
in depth在深度上
in return作为回报
in detail详细地
in danger (f) 在危险中，垂危
in height在高度上
in spite f尽管
in length在长度上
in exchange fr作为交换
in favr f支持，赞成
in n time立刻
in case f万一；如果；假使
in n way决不
in supprt f为支持……
in place f代替
in hnur f为向……表示敬意
in pssessin f拥有，占有
in memry f为了纪念……
in additin t另外
(5)f＋名词
f benefit有益处的
f significance有意义的
f help有帮助的
f use有用的
f imprtance重要的
f value有价值的
(6)ut f＋名词
ut f balance失去平衡
ut f rder发生故障
ut f breath上气不接下气
ut f sight看不见
ut f cntrl失去控制
ut f the questin不可能
ut f date过期
ut f wrk失业
ut f tuch失去联系
(7)under＋名词
under attack遭到袭击
under treatment在治疗中
under pressure在压力下
under cntrl处于控制之中
under repair在修理中
under discussin在讨论中
(8)with＋名词
with delight/jy高兴地
with fear害怕地
with difficulty困难地
with pleasure乐意地
with ease轻而易举地
(9)beynd＋名词
beynd cmpare无与伦比
beynd descriptin难以描述
beynd reach够不到
beynd expressin/wrds难以表达
2．形容词与介词构成的搭配：
(1)be＋adj.＋abut
be anxius abut为……忧虑
be curius abut对……好奇
be particular abut对……讲究/挑剔
be wrried/cncerned abut对……担心
(2)be＋adj.＋at
be angry at因/对……生气
be gd at擅长
be astnished at对……吃惊
be present at出席
(3)be＋adj.＋in
be absrbed in专注于……
be active in积极于……
be dressed in穿着……
be engaged in忙于……
be rich in富含……
be ccupied in忙于……
(4)be＋adj.＋fr
be eager fr渴望……
be famus fr因……著名
be fit fr适合，胜任……
be ready fr准备好……
be srry fr对……感到抱歉
be prepared fr为……做好准备
(5)be＋adj.＋frm
be absent frm缺席
be different frm不同于
be far frm远离
be free frm不受……影响
(6)be＋adj.＋t
be clse t接近……
be devted t致力于……
be equal t等于……；胜任……
be familiar t对……熟悉
be friendly t对……友好
be harmful t对……有害
be kind t对……友好
be similar t与……相似
be grateful t对……心存感激
(7)be＋adj.＋f
be aware f意识到……
be fnd f喜欢……
be prud f因……而自豪
be shrt f缺乏……
be critical f对……挑剔
(8)be＋adj.＋with
be busy with忙于……
be familiar with对……熟悉
be cmbined with与……结合
be patient with对……有耐心
be ppular with受……欢迎
be pleased with对……感到满意
be angry with (sb)对(某人)生气
3．介词与其他词构成的搭配：
but fr要不是
instead f代替
regardless f不管，不顾
apart frm除……之外
up t直到；由……决定
accrding t根据
alng with随着
tgether with连同
by means f用……办法；借助……
wing t因为
四、动词与介词构成的搭配
1．“动词＋sb＋f＋sth”结构
accuse sb f sth指责/控告某人某事
cure sb f sth治好某人的某种疾病
rid sb f sth使某人摆脱某物
cheat sb f sth骗走某人某物
remind sb f sth使某人想起某事
infrm sb f sth通知某人某事
rb sb f sth抢劫某人某物
warn sb f sth警告某人某事
cnvince sb f sth使某人确信某事
suspect sb f sth怀疑某人某事
2．“动词＋sb＋fr＋ding sth”结构
blame sb fr ding sth指责某人做某事
eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(scld sb fr ding sth,criticize sb fr ding sth))批评某人做某事
eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(frgive sb fr ding sth,excuse sb fr ding sth,pardn sb fr ding sth))原谅某人做某事
punish sb fr ding sth因做某事而惩罚某人
thank sb fr ding sth感谢某人做某事
3．“动词＋sb/sth＋frm＋(ding) sth”结构
prevent/stp/keep sb/sth frm ding sth阻止某人/物做某事
prtect/preserve/defend/shelter sb/sth frm being dne保护某人/物免于被……
ban/prhibit sb/sth frm ding sth禁止某人/物做某事
4．其他常考的动词与介词的搭配
accunt fr 占……(比例)；解释……(原因)
act as 充当；起作用
break away frm 脱离；逃离
bring abut 引起；导致；造成
call fr (去)接；需要；(公开)要求
carry ut 履行；实施；执行
carry thrugh 帮助……渡过难关；成功完成；顺利实现
cme acrss (偶然)遇见，碰见；发现
cme t an end 终止，结束
cme up with 提出
d harm t 对……有害
d withut 没有……也行；没有……而设法对付过去
end up with 以……结束
get acrss 被传达；被理解；把……讲清楚
get arund 传播；流传；各处走动
get dwn t 开始做某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事
get ver 解决；克服；控制
get rid f 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱
get thrugh 正式通过；(用电话)接通，联系上；顺利通过(考试等)
give rise t使发生
give way t屈服；退让；让步
g against违反；与……不符
g in fr参加考试(或竞赛)；对某事物有兴趣，爱好
g thrugh经历
keep in tuch with与……保持联系
lk dwn n/upn轻视；瞧不起
lk int调查；审查
make the best f充分利用；尽力而为
be made up f由……组成
put up with忍受，容忍
see thrugh看穿；识破
see t照料；处理
set abut着手做
shw arund/rund领(某人)参观
shw ff炫耀；展示
take in吸入；理解，领会
take n承担；呈现，具有
wrk ut计算出；制定出
对点练习
1．She patted him n the head and said，“My little by，d yu feel mre cmfrtable nw than befre？”
2．If yu culd exchange lives with smene fr a shrt time，wuld yu like t d that?
3．As a result，he spends his life in a wheelchair and cannt write by means f a pen r pencil.
4．But wildlife tday disappears r is in danger just because humans d harm t it.
5．Many times we dn’t realize hw rutine ur lives have becme and hw much we take them fr granted until we find urselves in a new situatin.
6．The teacher paused n purpse t remind the students t stp talking.
1．The study fund that between 1985 and 2017，average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in wmen and men.(2021·浙江1月)
2．She warns f the envirnmental dangers facing sciety，and she teaches that peple must take respnsibility fr saving their envirnment.(2023·全国甲)
3．Sme time after 10000 BC，peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived in，thrugh agriculture.(2020·浙江7月)
层级一 基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．—We had a really damp September this year.
—I can’t remember an autumn when it rained s much.
2．But she quickly realized that it was prbably because f the fact that she sat in the last rw.
3．Amng the “fur new great inventins”，nline shpping was invented and pineered by Michael Aldrich in the U．K.in 1979.
4．“As sn as he pens his(he) muth and sings in Chinese，the Chinese are very surprised and they feel prud f him，” said his music teacher.
5．But it’s difficult fr me t decide what activities we shuld rganize and hw t plan them(they)．
6．I suddenly realized I had grwn up and that I had t lk after myself(I) and live independently.
7．When they grw lder than three years ld，it is easier fr girls t catch clds than bys.
8．Pregnant wmen，fr example，shuld limit their(they) intake f cffee.
9．This yung man likes travelling—he is always n the mve.
10．It means that we cannt use sme mdern husehld items，like washing machines because they use t much water.
层级二 高考真题练
单句语法填空
1．In cntrast t the curt life and upper-class culture represented by the Frbidden City，the Summer Palace，and the Temple f Heaven，the hutngs reflect the culture f grassrts Beijingers.(2023·浙江1月)
2．Thanks t Beijing’s lng histry as capital f China，almst every hutng has its stries.(2023·浙江1月)
3．Frm Buddhist temples t museums，narrw hutng t ryal palaces，it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut.(2023·全国乙)
4．There，yu’ll find them prepared differently—mre dumpling and less sup，and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rlled.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
5．The meat shuld be fresh with a tuch f sweetness，and the surrunding sup ht，clear and delicius.(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
6．The tactile(可触知的) paintings wrk as a way t reveal art t the blind because we dn’t see with just ur eyes：We see with ur brains.(2022·浙江6月)
7．May 21st this year marks the first Internatinal Tea Day，which was named fficially by the United Natins n Nvember 27th,2019.(2022·全国乙)
8．The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was fficially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremny，pening its(it) first exhibitin：The Avenue f Truth—A Special Exhibitin f Pu’er Tea.(2022·全国乙)
9．Cvering an area abut three times the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park，the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.(2022·新课标Ⅰ)
10．Althugh Mary lved flwers，neither she nr her husband was knwn as a gardener.(2021·浙江6月)
层级三 语篇提能练
语法填空
(2022·浙江1月改编)
Kim Cbb,1.a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta，is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics wh are cutting back n 2.their(they) air travel because 3.f climate change.Travelling t cnferences，lectures，wrkshps，and the like—frequently by plane—is viewed as imprtant 4.fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin.But Cbb and thers are nw questining that idea—pushing cnferences t prvide mre chances t participate remtely and changing their persnal behavir t d their part in dealing 5.with the climate change crisis.On 6.a website called N Fly Climate Sci，fr example，rughly 200 academics—many f 7.them(they) climate scientists—have prmised t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
Cbb，fr her part，started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited 8.her(she) t speak whether she culd d s remtely；abut three-quarters f 9.the time，they agreed.When the answer was n，she declined the invitatin.That apprach brught Cbb’s air travel last year dwn 10.by 75%，and she plans t cntinue the practice.“It has been fairly rewarding，” she says—“a really psitive change.”
1．在抽象名词具体化时，使用不定冠词使文章更加生动简洁
eq \x(典例) (2020·全国Ⅱ)我们一边摘苹果，一边吃苹果。真是一件乐事啊！
We picked apples while having a gd taste f them.What a pleasure!
eq \x(运用) (2021·新课标Ⅰ)因为被内容所吸引，阅读Yuth成为我每天必须做的一件事。
Because I am attracted by the cntents，reading Yuth becmes a must fr me every day.
2．使用it作形式主语可以丰富文章句式
eq \x(典例) (2022·全国乙)学生自身迫切需要提高自律，家长和老师也迫切需要加强指导。
It’s urgent fr students themselves t imprve their self-discipline，and it’s als urgent fr parents and teachers t strengthen the guidance.
eq \x(运用) (2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)得知我获得了一等奖，三天后将举行颁奖典礼，我感到很兴奋。
It was exciting t learn that I had gained first prize and an award ceremny wuld be held in three days.
3．使用it 作形式宾语可以使句子亮点更多
eq \x(典例) (2022·浙江1月)我认为说服他接受我的观点是不可能的，所以我不想浪费我们的时间来讨论。
I thught it impssible t persuade him int accepting my views，s I didn’t want t waste ur time discussing.
eq \x(运用) (2021·全国乙)虽然在线学习让人们获得知识更容易了，但对于缺乏自律的人来说，在线学习也是一个挑战。
Althugh nline learning makes it easier fr peple t gain knwledge，being nline is als a challenge fr peple wh lack self-discipline.
4．用介词短语代替简单的状语从句
eq \x(典例) (2022·全国乙)由于他们缺乏自律，他们更容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏。
Because f their lack f self-discipline，they’re mre easily addicted t chatting nline r playing games.
eq \x(运用) (2023·全国乙)最终，由于我的坚持和艰苦的努力，我可以自由、独立地滑冰。
Eventually，because f my persistence and painstaking effrts，I culd skate freely all by myself.