新高考英语一轮复习专题01 动词不定式八大用法（讲案）（含解析）

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习专题01 动词不定式八大用法（讲案）（含解析），共20页。

二、动词不定式五年高考真题细目表 P2
考点清单一、不定式作主语典型用法 P3
考点清单二、不定式作宾语两种典型用法 P4
考点清单三、不定式作宾语补足语四种用法 P6
考点清单四、不定式作定语两种典型用法 P8
考点清单五、不定式作状语三种典型用法 P9
考点清单六、不定式作表语典型用法 P10
考点清单七、不定式三种典型省略用法 P10
考点清单八、动词不定式形式多样化 P11
分层训练（一）动词不定式五年高考真题题组 P12
分层训练（二）动词不定式易混对比十组 P16
分层训练（三）动词不定式助力应用文写作 P18
分层训练（四）动词不定式助力读后续写 P19
分层训练（五）外刊原创最新语法填空 P20
复旦大学为法籍教授魏明德办艺术展庆祝中法建交60周年 P20
一、动词不定式快问快答
Q1：什么叫动词不定式？
A1：动词不定式是非谓语动词一种形式，基本形式为t d。
Q2：动词不定式能充当什么成分？
A2：动词不定式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。
Q3：学习动词不定式难点在哪里？
A3：一是熟记一些动词搭配，需要与不定式连用，二是需要区分不定式和动名词的区别，三是动词不定式形式的复杂变化。
Q4：阅读过程中遇到动词不定式（短语）怎么办？
A4：利用括号法把整个动词不定式括起来视为一个整体来理解。
Q5：学好动词不定式有什么意义？
A5：一能化繁为简迅速提高文章阅读能力，二能在书面表达巧妙运用动词不定式提升句子表达效果。
Q6：如何才能学好动词不定式？
A6：一是努力掌握动词不定式基本知识框架，二是加强训练和背诵，积少成多，见多识广。
二、动词不定式五年高考真题考点细目表
考点清单一、不定式作主语典型用法
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. It tk years f wrk _____________(reduce) the industrial pllutin and clean the water.
2. It’s imprtant fr the figures _____________(update) regularly.
3. It is necessary fr yung students _____________(learn) t learn a freign language.
4. When and where t start the prgrams ____________(remain) unknwn.
5. (2019全国III) On ur way t the huse, it was raining s hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take __________ (get)there.
6. (2028浙江) Many westerners wh cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap can be t eat ut.
【答案与解析】
1. t reduce。It takes sb. time t d sth.是常用句型，不定式短语作真正主语。故答案是t reduce。
2. t be updated。定期更新数据很重要，数据是被更新的，故答案是t be updated。
3. t learn。这是It is+ adj. +f / fr sb t d sth 结构，it作形式主语，不定式短语是真正主语。
4. remains。wh-t d短语作主语，谓语用单数。故答案是remains。
5. t get。这是It takes sb time t d sth.句型，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故答案是t get。
6. it。分析句子结构可知，该宾语从句是it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语的句子。故答案是it。
考点清单二、不定式作宾语两种典型用法
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. They failed _____________(grasp) the imprtance f his wrds.
2. She never seemed __________(care) what the rest f us thught abut her.
3. The huses are s expensive that he can't affrd __________(buy) ne.
4. Althugh he pretended __________(be) calm, his pale face gave him away.
5. (2019浙江) One study in America fund that students' grades imprved a little after the schl intrduced unifrms. But sme students didn't want __________ (wear) the unifrm.
【答案与解析】
1. t grasp。fail t d未能做某事。故答案是t grasp。
2. t care。seem t d好像做某事。故答案是t care。
3. t buy。can’t affrd t d sth是固定搭配，表示“承担不起做某事”。故答案是t buy。
4. t be。pretend t d表示“假装做某事”。故答案是t be。
5. t wear。want t d sth表示“想做某事”。故答案是t wear。
frget t d 忘记要去做某事（未做）
frget ding 忘记已经做过某事（已做）
remember t d 记得将要做某事（未做）
remember ding 记得已经做过某事（已做）
regret t d 遗憾去做某事（未做）
regret ding 后悔做过某事（已做）
g n t d 继续做另一件事 （对象变了）
g n ding 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变）
stp t d 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了）
stp ding 停止做某事 （对象不变）
can’t help t d 不能帮助做某事
can’t help ding 情不自禁做某事
mean t d 打算做某事（未做）
mean ding 意味着做某事 （解释作用）
try t d 努力做某事（不一定成功）
try ding 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动）
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. (2002上海)In sme parts f Lndn, missing a bus means ___________(wait) fr anther hur.
2. (2006湖南)If yu think that treating a wman well means always ________(get) her permissin fr things, think again.
3.(2018天津) I didn’t mean __________(eat) anything but the ice cream lked s gd that I culdn’t help __________(try) it.
4.(2018浙江) I still remember __________(visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I was shcked when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
5. (2012安徽) I remembered _________(lck) the dr befre I left the ffice, but frgt t turn ff the lights.
6. (2009陕西)I still remember ____________(take) t the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
7. (2015四川)--Lk! The windw is pen. --I’m srry. I frgt ____________ (clse) it.
8. (2008湖南) Susan wanted t be independent f her parents. She tried _________(live) alne, but she didn’t like it and mved back hme.
9. (1992全国)--- I usually g there by train.---Why nt ____________(try, g) by bat fr a change?
10. (2015陕西) After receiving the Oscar fr Best Supprting Actress，Anne Benedict went n __________ all the peple wh had helped in her career.
11. After finishing his hmewrk, he went n _____________(read) t read the text.
12. (1995全国)---Yu were brave enugh t raise bjectins at the meeting.
---Well, nw I regret __________(d) that.
13.(1996上海) While shpping, peple smetimes can’t help _____________ (persuade) int buying smething they dn’t really need.
14. (1990全国) She reached the tp f the hill and stpped __________ (rest) n a big rck by the side f the path.
【答案与解析】
1. waiting。mean ding表示“意味着”。句意：在英国一些地方，错过公交意味着再等一小时。故答案是waiting。
2. getting。这里应用mean ding表示“意味着”。故答案是getting。
3. t eat; trying。句意：我并大打算吃东西，但是冰淇淋太好看了我忍不住尝了一口。mean t d表示“打算做某事”；can’t help ding表示“禁不住做某事”。故答案是t eat; trying。
4. visiting。remember ding表示“记住做过某事”；remember t d表示“记住去做某事（未做）”。结合语境这里是前者，故答案是visiting。
5. t clse。这里应用frget t d表示“忘记做某事”，强调未做。故答案是t clse。
6. being taken。根据句意可知，本题考查remember ding sth记得做过某事，而remember t d 是记得去做，我应该是被带去了，应该使用动名词的被动式作宾语，故答案为being taken。
7. t lck。句意：在离开办公室之前我记着去关门（未做），但是忘记去关灯了（未关）。故答案是t lck。
8. living。try ding强调“尝试着做了某事”，符合语境要求，故答案是living。
9. try ging。try ding强调“尝试着做了某事”。句意：---我平时乘火车去那里。---何不乘船去换换样？why nt d sth?表示“何不试着做某事？”。故答案是try ging。
10. t thank。句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，安妮．本尼迪克继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。故答案是t thank。
11. t read。句意：做完作业之后，他接着阅读课文。g n t d表示“接着做另一件事”。故答案是t read。
12. having dne。结合语境应用regret ding表示“后悔做了某事（已做）”。故答案是having dne。
13. being persuaded。句意：当购物的时候，人们有时情不自禁的被劝服买他们不真正想要的东西。can’t help ding情不自禁做某事，这里是被劝服，故用being persuaded。故答案是being persuaded。
14. t rest。stp t rest表示“停止（爬山）去休息”，符合语境逻辑。故答案是t rest。
考点清单三、不定式作宾语补足语四种典型用法
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. With the wrld changing fast, we have smething new (deal) with by urselves every day.
2. He was bserved ________________(enter) the ffice silently.
3. When I came in I saw him ______________(listen) t music.
4. He came late, s he was made ____________(stand) utside the classrm fr ten minutes.
5. The result f the cmpetitin wasn’t made __________(knw) t the public until ten days later.
【答案与解析】
1. t deal。本句不是have sb d sth句式，而是have sth t d 表示“有某事要做”，不定式短语作定语，故答案是t deal。
2. t enter。bserve sb d sth是固定句型，省略t的不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中t应加上。故答案是t enter。
3. listening。结合语境这里应用see sb ding sth…表示“看见某人正在做某事”。故答案是listening。
4. t stand。省略t的不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中t应加上。故答案是t stand。
5. knwn。句意：比赛的结果直到十天后才公布于众。原文相当于make the public knw the result=make the result knwn t the public。故答案是knwn。
要点精讲2：warn类动词(只接t d后作宾补) warn, tell, ask, persuade, expect等。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
6. Energy drinks are nt allwed ____________(make) in Australia but are brught in frm New Zealand.
7. Once his message was delivered, he allwed me________(stay)and watch.
8. They are required ______________ (prcess) the fd that we eat, t recver frm injury and fr several ther bdily functins.
9. (2020浙江1月卷)The median (中位数的) age f an American in 1950 was 30—tday it is 41 and is expected____________(increase) t 42 by 2050.
5. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) nly ne piece f hand luggage nt the plane.
【答案与解析】
6. t be made。allw sb t d sth允许某人做某事，故答案是t be made。
7. t stay。本句考查allw sb t d sth表示“允许某人做某事”。故答案是t stay。
8. t prcess。本题考查require sb t d sth表示“要求某人做某事”。故答案是t prcess。
9. t increase。本题考查expect sb t d sth表示“期待某人做某事”，故答案是t increase。
10 t carry。permit sb t d sth允许某人做事，故答案是t carry。
要点精讲3：用于“with+名词+不定式”，表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式” 构成独立主格结构。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
11. I send yu 100 dllars tday, the rest __________(fllw) in a year.
12. With a lt f hmewrk ___________(d), I decided nt t watch the perfrmance with yu.
13. With a lt f difficult prblems ___________(slve), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
【答案与解析】
11. t fllw。本句是省略with后构成的“名词/代词+不定式” 构成独立主格结构。故答案是t fllw。
12. t d。with sth t d是with复合宾语结构，不定式强调将要发生的动作，故答案是t d。
13. t slve。with sth t d是with复合宾语结构，不定式强调将要发生的动作，故答案是t slve。
要点精讲4：be said类动词：be said/believed/reprted/knwn t d类句型，可以转化为It is said that…。不定式根据语境还可能用进行式、被动式或完成式。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
14. Rbert is said _____________(study) abrad, but I dn't knw what cuntry he studied in.
15. Plice are searching fr a wman wh is reprted t _____________(miss) since the fld hit the area.
16. Alex is believed _______________(learn) by heart 2000 Chinese characters up t nw.
【答案与解析】
14. t have studied。be said t d表示“据说做某事”；what cuntry he studied in暗示该动作已结束，故答案是t have studied。
15. have been missing。since the fld hit the area暗示应用不定式完成式；结合语境又是一种“失踪”状态，故答案是have been missing。
16. t have learned/learnt。be believed t d表示“据相信做了某事”，结合语境该动作已经发生，应用t have dne。故答案是t have learned/learnt。
考点清单四、不定式作定语典型用法
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Is that the way __________(pen) the can?
2. The teacher left us a lt f prblems __________(slve).
3. On Sundays, he always has a lt f letters __________(write).
4. He can find n ne t make friends __________.
5. I've gt a lt f things t see __________ this mrning.
【答案与解析】
1. t pen。the way t d表示“做……的方式”。故答案是t pen。
2. t slve。t slve和被修饰名词之间是动宾关系。故答案是t slve。
3. t write。t write和被修饰名词之间是动宾关系。故答案是t write。
4. with。t make friends with和被修饰名词之间是动宾关系。故答案是with。
5. t。t see t和被修饰名词之间是动宾关系。故答案是t。
6. She is always the first persn ________(cme) and the last persn ________(leave).
7. She was the nly ne ________(survive) the crash. She was s lucky.
8. I think the best time ________(g) sightseeing is spring.
9. She made the decisin ________(quit) her jb and pursue her dream f becming a writer.
10. His attempt ________(slve) the puzzle was unsuccessful, but he enjyed the challenge.
11. Everyne has the right ________(pursue) their wn happiness.
【答案与解析】
6. t cme, t leave。名词前有first，secnd等序数词修饰常接动词不定式作定语。故答案是t cme, t leave。
7. t survive。名词前有nly修饰时常接动词不定式作定语。故答案是t survive。
8. t g。名词前有形容词最高级修饰时常接动词不定式作定语。故答案是t g。
9. t quit。名词decisin，ability等常接动词不定式作定语。故答案是t quit。
10. t slve。名词attempt，effrt等常接动词不定式作定语。故答案是t slve。
11. t pursue。名词right，plan等常接动词不定式作定语。故答案是t pursue。
12. The meeting___________(hld) nw/_______(hld)yesterday/_________(hld)tmrrw is very imprtant.
13. The airprt _____________(cmplete) next year will help prmte turism in this area.
14. Mr. Green std up in defence f the by, saying that he was nt the ne (blame).
15. (2020浙江) Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy ________ (change) lives.
【答案与解析】
12. being; held; t be held。现在分词作定语，表示一个正在进行的动作；过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已发生动作。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作。故答案是being; held; t be held。
13. t be cmpleted。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作；结合语境应用被动形式，故答案是t be cmpleted。
14. t blame。(be) t blame表示“该受到责备”，主动形式表示被动意义，故答案是t blame。
15. t change。结合语境应用单词不定式作定语。故答案是t change。
考点清单五、不定式作状语三种典型用法
要点精讲1：不定式作目的状语，多用于t d, s as t d, in rder t d结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The lcal gvernment has dne everything it can __________(save) the buried miners.
2. _____________(accept) as an Olympic event, a sprt must be played in at least 75 cuntries n at least 4 cntinents.
3. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there (train) fr a space flight.
4. (2020天津)The lcal gvernment desn't have t sacrifice envirnmental prtectin _____________ (prmte) ecnmic grwth.
【答案与解析】
1. t save。it can是定语从句that it can d的省略，故应用不定式作目的状语，故答案是t save。
2. T be accepted。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是T be accepted。
3. t be trained。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是t be trained。
4. t prmte。不定式作目的状语，故答案是t prmte。
要点精讲2：不定式作结果状语，多用于t…t, enugh t d, nly/never t d, s…as t, such as t等结构。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
5. He hurried t the statin, nly ____________(infrm/find/tell) that the train had left.
6. Wuld yu be s kind as_____________ (carry) the luggage fr me?
7. Nw I’m brave enugh ____________(stand) up and answer the questin.
8. After the meeting, they parted, never ____________(see) each ther again.
【答案与解析】
5. t be infrmed/t find/t be tld。nly t d常表示出乎预料的结果，本句含有被动意义,故答案是t be infrmed/t find/t be tld。
6. t carry。s…as t d引导不定式作结果状语，故答案是t carry。
7. t stand。…enugh t d是不定式短语作结果状语，故答案是t stand。
8. t see。散会后，他们分手了，从此再也没有见面。never t d作结果状语，表示“再也没有做某事”。
要点精讲3：不定式用于be+ adj+t d构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
9. I like getting up very early in summer. The mrning air is s gd _________ (breathe).
10. (2019全国I) Mdem methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
【答案与解析】
9. t breathe。不定式用于be+ adj+t d构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是t breathe。
10. t perfrm。本句是形容词短语作宾语补足语，暗含be+ adj+t d构成的反射不定式，故答案是t perfrm。
考点清单六、不定式作表语典型用法
要点精讲：不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语有实义动词d,作表语的不定式可省t。
If yu are wrng, the least thing yu can d is (t) aplgize. 如果你做错了，你可以做的至少是道歉。
The nly thing that he can d nw is (t) abandn the plan. 现在他唯一能做的事情是放弃这个计划。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. (2002全国) Having a trip abrad is certainly gd fr the ld cuple, but it remains _____(see) whether they will enjy it.
2. (2009全国) The purpse f new technlgies is t make life easier, ____________(nt, make) it mre difficult.
【答案与解析】
1. t be seen。It remains t be seen whether….是固定句型，表示“是否……有待观察”，故答案是t be seen。
2. nt t make。句意"新技术的目的是使我们习惯的生活变得更容易，而不是使它更困难．"，根据语境可知，应用动词不定式的否定形式，在句子中作目的状语．答案是nt t make。
考点清单七、不定式的三种典型省略用法
要点精讲1：感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略t（注意被动语态中t应加上）；
【即时训练】单句改错或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The librarian will let yu t knw when the bk has been returned. 改错
2. The yung girl was bserved ________________(enter) the ffice silently.
【答案与解析】
1. 去掉t。let sb d sth让某人做事，故答案是去掉t。
2. t enter。感官动词接不定式作宾补时省略t，被动语态中t应加上，故答案是t enter。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。
3. Rather than ______(ride) n a crwded bus, he always prefers _______(ride) a bicycle.
4. I lst my keys in the ffice s I culd d nthing but t wait fr my mther. 改错
【答案与解析】
3. ride; t ride。prefer t d sth rather than d sth表示“宁愿做……不愿做……”，故答案是ride; t ride。
4. 去掉t。d nthing but d是固定句型，表示“不得不做某事”，故答案是去掉t。
要点精讲3：在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号t。注意，不定式后面是动词be时，be应保留。
【即时训练】单句改错。
5. The by wanted t ride his bicycle in the street, but his mther tld him nt t d.
6. As we all knw, China is n lnger the cuntry it used t.
【答案与解析】
5. 去掉d。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号t。故答案是去掉d。
6. t后加be。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，不定式后面是动词be时，t be应保留。故答案是t后加be。
考点清单八、动词不定式的复杂形式
不定式的否定式、完成式和被动式 （以动词find为例）
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The by pretended _____________(read) the bk when the teacher came in.
2. The children talked s ludly at dinner table that I had t struggle ___________(hear).
3. He gt up early this mrning s as _____________(catch)the early train.
4. The engine just wn't start. Smething seems __________(g) wrng with it.
5. I happened ______________(wait) fr the bus when the accident happened.
6. His wrks are reprted t____________________(translate) int 20 languages in the past decade.
7. The manager is believed ______________ (arrive) back frm Paris where he met sme Eurpean business partners.
8. The reslutin encuraged this arrangement ____________(take) int accunt when future calendars f cnferences and meetings are drafted.
9. I dn’t knw whether yu happen ______________ (hear), but I’m ging t study in the U.S. this September.
10. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ____________ (train) fr a space flight.
【答案与解析】
1. t be reading。pretend t be ding假装正在做某事。故答案是t be reading。
2. t be heard。struggle t d努力做某事。故答案是t be heard。
3. t catch。s as t d sth为了做某事。故答案是t catch。
4. t have gne。结合语境该动作已发生，故答案是t have gne。
5. t be waiting。句意：事故发生时，我碰巧正好在等公共汽车。happen t be ding表示“碰巧正在做某事”。 故答案是t be waiting。
6. t have been translated。 句意：据报道，在过去十年中，他的作品已被翻译成20种语言。故答案是
7. t have arrived。句意：据信，这位经理是从巴黎回来的，在那里他会见了一些欧洲商业伙伴。故答案是t have been translated。
8. t be taken。句意：该决议鼓励在起草今后的会议日历时考虑到这一安排。 故答案是t be taken。
9. t have heard。句意：我不知道你是否听说过，但我今年九月要去美国留学。故答案是t have heard。
10. t be trained。句意：当被问及为什么去那里时，他说他被派往那里接受太空飞行训练。故答案是t be trained。
分层训练（一）五年动词不定式高考真题题组
考点一：考查动词不定式短语作目的状语
1.（2024九省联考卷）He knws that cmputers are here (stay) and that they will nt disappear.
答案: t stay
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他知道电脑会一直存在，不会消失。be here t stay是一个固定短语，表示“固定下来; 普遍认可; 成为风尚”。故填t stay。
2.（2024浙江1月卷）The shelves in mst supermarkets are full f family-size this and multi-buy that. Hwever, if yu’re shpping fr ne, buying extra (benefit) frm price reductins desn’t make sense.
答案: t benefit
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“frm price reductins”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用t d不定式作目的状语。故填t benefit。
3.（2023全国甲卷）Fr thusands f years, peple have tld fables (寓言) __________ (teach) a lessn r t pass n wisdm.
答案：t teach
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填t teach。
4.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity __________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
答案: t increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填t increase。
5.（2022新高考II卷）Eric wke up a little later when he heard children playing utside. He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up __________ (see) them.
答案: t see
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用t d不定式作目的状语。故填t see。
6.（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the cnnectin with yung peple, the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media, inviting twenty-nine tea prfessinals frm arund the wrld t have thirty-six hurs f uninterrupted live bradcasts.
答案: T strengthen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的49名茶叶专业人士进行56小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填T strengthen。
7.（2021新高考II卷）I decided t d smething __________ (educate) peple abut this prblem.
答案: t educate
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，__________ (educate) peple abut this prblem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填t educate。
8.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver __________ (plant) flwers in the frnt yard.
答案: t plant
【解析】考查非谓语动词。考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝•托德•华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为t plant。故填t plant。
9.（2020全国I卷）Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 66 __________ (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
答案: t find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填t find。
10.（2020全国III卷）The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut __________ (find) the well-knwn painter.
答案: t find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set ut t d sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填t find。
11.(2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy __________ (change)lives.
答案: t change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式作定语。故填t change。
考点二：考查动词不定式短语作定语
12.（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step __________ (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft.
答案: t jurney
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，jurney为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填t jurney。
13.（2022北京卷）As Helen walked n, she heard a man charging twards her. Fearful that he might have an intentin __________ (harm) her, Helen started t run.
答案: t harm
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intentin t d sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填t harm。
14.（2021北京卷）Much f this increase can be due t climate change. The findings shw a critical need (invest) in disaster preventin.
答案: t invest
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明, 急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知, 此处表示未来的动作, 应用不定式, 作后置定语。故填t invest。
15. (2019·全国II卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, prud Irene declared she had n plans __________(retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
答案: t retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用t d sth.作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填t retire。
考点三：考查动词不定式短语作主语
16.（2021全国甲卷）It is pssible __________ (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
答案: t walk
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+t d sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填t walk。
17.（2020北京卷）It takes them hundreds f years __________ (break) dwn. Many f these bags end up in the cean where larger nes can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dlphins.
答案: t break
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ t d sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（t d ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填t break。
考点四：考查动词不定式短语作宾语
18.（2023新高考I卷）T eat ne, yu have t decide whether (bite) a small hle in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), r t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue.
答案: t bite
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide t d sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面t put并列作宾语，故填t bite。
19.（2023新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them ___________ (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut allwing them tearing r spilling any f their cntents.
答案：t be lifted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allw sb. t d sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift ut与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式t be lifted。故填t be lifted。
20.（2022新高考II卷）He saved my sn’s life," said Mrs. Brwn. "I dn't knw __________t thank him.”
答案: hw
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+t d不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，hw意为“如何”，符合句意。故填hw。
21.（2022浙江1月卷）That apprach brught Cbb's air travel last year dwn by 75%, and she plans __________ (cntinue) the practice.
答案: t cntinue
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan t d sth“计划做”，故填t cntinue。
22.（2021全国乙卷）Kmd Natinal Park, fficially recgnized in 1980, is ppular fr ecturism because f its unique bidiversity. Activities there range frm whale watching t hiking (远足) and accmmdatins aim __________ (have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
答案: t have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim t d译为“旨在，目的是”。故填t have。
考点五：考查动词不定式短语作宾语补足语
23.（2022浙江卷）Thrugh tuch, the ne thing gallery signs tell yu nt __________ (d).
答案: t d
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb nt t d sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填t d。
24.（2020浙江1月卷）Smething significant is happening t the wrld ppulatin-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age f an American in 1950 was 30; tday it is 41 and is expected __________ (increase)t 42 by 2050.
答案: t increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected t d sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式，故填t increase。
考点六：考查动词不定式主动形式被动意义
25.（2020全国II卷）Bamb plants are assciated with health, abundance and a happy hme. They are easy__________ (care) fr and make great presents.
答案: t care
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + t d”结构。故填t care。
分层训练（二）动词不定式易混对比十组
Grup 1
1. “Keep silent!” the mnitr tld the bys t stp_________ (talk).
2. The girl walked s tiredly that she stpped_________ (have) a rest.
答案与解析：
1. talking。考查非谓语动词用法。stp ding 表示“停止做某事”。
2. t talk。考查非谓语动词用法。stp t d表示“停止一件事去做另一件事”。
Grup 2
3. Mr Li is said _________ (study) abrad. But I dn't knw which cuntry he studied in.
4. Mr Li is said _________ (study) abrad. But I dn't knw which cuntry he is studying in.
答案与解析：
3. t have studied。考查非谓语动词用法。首先考查be said t d句型；he studied in暗示该动作已经完成，故应用不定式完成式。
4. t be studying。考查非谓语动词用法。首先考查be said t d句型；he is studying in暗示该动作正在进行，故应用不定式进行式。
Grup 3
5. The little girl had n chice but _______(stay) at hme.
6. The little girl culd d nthing but ______ (stay) at hme.
答案与解析：
5. t stay。考查非谓语动词用法。have n chice but t d sth表示“别无选择只好做某事”。
6. stay。考查非谓语动词用法。d nthing but d sth. 表示“别无选择只好做某事”。
Grup 4
7. After a rest, we went n _______the same prblem.
8. After a rest, we went n_______(d)the next prblem.
答案与解析：
7. ding。考查非谓语动词用法。g n ding sth。表示“中断之后继续做同一件事”。
8. t d。考查非谓语动词用法。g n t d sth。表示“一件事后继续做另一件事”。
Grup 5
9. The little by wuld like _____(take) her t the cinema.
10. The little by wuld like ______(take) t the cinema.
答案与解析：
9. t take。考查非谓语动词用法。wuld like/lve t d…是固定句型，表示“想做某事”。
10. t be taken。考查非谓语动词用法。wuld like/lve t be dne…是固定句型，表示“想要被做”。
Grup 6
11. This is an imprtant letter. Dn't frget _________(pst) it this afternn.
12. Dn't lk fr the letter. Yu must have frgtten _________(pst) it this after afternn.
答案与解析：
11. t pst。考查非谓语动词用法。frget t d表示“忘记去做某事（未做）”。
12. psting。考查非谓语动词用法。frget ding表示“忘记做了某事（已做）”。
Grup 7
13. Why nt try_________ (d) the maths prblem in anther way?
14. When I was at schl, I tried_________ (learn) English well.
答案与解析：
13. ding。考查非谓语动词用法。try ding…表示“试着做……”，强调行动。
14. t learn。考查非谓语动词用法。try t d…表示“试图做某事……”，强调目标，未必成功。
Grup 8
15. He rushed t the railway statin, nly___________ (tell) that the train had left.
16. He rushed t the railway statin, nly___________(find) that the train had left.
答案与解析：
15. t be tld。考查非谓语动词用法。nly t d 常作结果状语，表示出乎预料的结果，被动含义。
16. t find。考查非谓语动词用法。nly t d 常作结果状语，表示出乎预料的结果。
Grup 9
17. I regret_________ (nt study) hard at schl.
18. We regret_________ (say) that we can’t g t yur birthday party.
答案与解析：
17. nt having studied。考查非谓语动词用法。regret ding表示“后悔做了某事（已做）”。
18. t say。考查非谓语动词用法。regret t d表示“对将要做的事情表示遗憾（未做）”。
Grup 10
19. I prefer_________ (walk) t_________ (ride) in a bus.
20. I prefer_________ (walk )rather than____(ride) in a bus.
答案与解析：
19.walking; riding。考查非谓语动词用法。prefer d…t ding…是固定句型，表示“宁愿……不愿……”。
20.t walk, ride。考查非谓语动词用法。prefer t d rather than d sth. 是固定句型，表示“宁愿做……不愿做……”。
分层训练（三）动词不定式助力应用文写作
书面表达句式升级：请运用动词不定式翻译下列各句。
1. (2024浙江1月)下次上课时如果你觉得有点累，记得站起来伸展身体！
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2. (2023全国乙) 学会编制帮助我提高创造性和解决问题的技巧。
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3. (2023新高考I) 因此我想知道有没有可能允许我们随意选择搭档。
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4. (2022全国乙)因为缺乏自律，他们更容易对网上聊天或打游戏上瘾。
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5.(2022全国乙) 目前，随着智能手机和电脑日益普及，越来越多学生正选择在教室之外以各种方式学英语。
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6. (2022全国甲) 设置“世界海洋日”目的是提高海洋保护意识，这在全球生态系统中起关键作用。
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7. (2022全国甲)国家间应该携起手来制定切实可行保护海洋的方案。
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8. (2022新高考I) 这是我第一次邀请你参加我们Talk and Talk节目。
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9. (2021全国乙) 另一方面，网络学习本身也有一些不足，使我们很难不受影响。
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10. (2021全国甲) 因为这个活动将在网站呈现，我真诚希望你能提一些建议。
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【答案】
1. Next time yu feel a bit tired during class, remember t stand up and stretch!
2. Learning t knit helped me develp my creativity and prblem-slving skills.
3. S I was wndering if it is pssible t allw us t chse the partner as we wish.
4. Because f their lack f self-discipline, they’re mre easily addicted t chatting nline r playing games.
5. Nwadays, with the grwing ppularity f smartphnes and cmputers, an increasing number f students are chsing t learn English beynd the classrm in varius ways.
6. Wrld Oceans Day was set up t raise awareness f prtecting the ceans, which play a crucial part in glbal ecsystem.
7. Cuntries shuld team up with ne anther t wrk ut practical plans regarding cean prtectin.
8. This is my first time that I have invited yu t attend ur prgram —Talk and Talk.
9. On the ther hand, nline learning itself has sme imperfectins, making it difficult fr us nt t be affected.
10. Because this activity will be presented n the English website, I sincerely want yu t ffer me sme advice.
分层训练（四）动词不定式助力读后续写
1. (2024浙江1月)不知不觉，她找到了去图书馆或自助餐厅的路，没有迷路。
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2. (2024浙江1月)她刚一回到迷乱的迷宫，就开始探索一楼。
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3. (2024浙江1月)从那时起，伊娃不再被这座建筑的大小所压倒，而是将其视为一项需要克服的挑战。
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4. (2023新高考I)直到我参加了颁奖典礼并拿到了证书，我还是觉得很难相信。
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5. (2023新高考I)我紧紧地拥抱着他，无法表达他对我的信任有多重要。
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6. (2023新高考I)老师是我人生旅程中的希望灯塔，激励我把“不可能”变成“可能”。
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7. (2023浙江1月)我花了一下午的时间探索农场，和朋友们聊天，希望能一睹这只小鸟的风采。
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8. (2023浙江1月)我正要离开时，蜂鸟出现了。
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9. (2022新高考I)言语无法表达我的感受。我只是用一个大大的拥抱向他表示祝贺。
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10. (2022新高考I)在我的鼓励下，大卫下定决心参加这次大型越野跑。
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【答案】
1. Befre she knew it, she was able t find her way t the library r cafeteria withut getting lst.
2. N sner had she returned t the cnfusing maze than she set ut t explre the first flr.
3. Frm then n, Eva was n lnger verwhelmed by the size f the building, but instead saw it as a challenge t vercme.
4. I still fund it hard t believe until I attended the award presentatin and gt my certificate.
5. I hugged him tightly, unable t express just hw much his faith in me had meant.
6. The teacher was a beacn f hpe n my life jurney, inspiring me t transfrm the “impssible” int “pssible”.
7. I spent the afternn explring the farm and chatting with my friends, hping t catch a glimpse f the little bird.
8. I was just abut t leave when the hummingbird appeared.
9. Wrds failed t cnvey my feeling. I just cngratulated him with a big hug.
10. Encuraged by me, David made up his mind t participate in the big crss-cuntry run.
分类训练（五）语法填空 （外刊原创）
French prfessr shwcases Chinese ink paintings in exhibitin
A Chinese ink painting exhibitin, 1 (feature) paintings created by Prfessr Benit Vermander f Fudan University, kicked ff n Wednesday at the university in Shanghai, aiming 2 (prmte) cultural exchanges between China and France.
This year 3 (mark) the 60th anniversary f the establishment f diplmatic ties between China and France. The exhibitin is part f the university's celebratin f this special ccasin. The exhibitin shwcases mre than 60 ink paintings 4 (draw) ver the past decade by the French prfessr, wh is als knwn as Wei Mingde.
Accrding t Vermander, his 5 (inspire) f the exhibitin came frm the petry f Victr Segalen (1878-1919), a French dctr, archaelgist, nvelist and pet knwn fr his deep cnnectin 6 China.
Thrugh the artwrks displayed in the exhibitin, 7 fcus n diverse themes such as animals, 8 (nature) landscapes and peple, visitrs are able t feel the artist's intimate relatinship with nature and daily life, as well as see 9 integratin f the Western cmpsitin and Chinese ink painting skills.
Vermander nted that he regards paintings as an expressin f 10 (he) in an intertwined whle in daily life and dynamic feelings.
【参考答案】
1. featuring 2. t prmte 3. marks 4. drawn 5. inspiratin 6. with 7. which 8. natural 9. the 10. himself
【文章导读】
中法建交60周年之际，一场艺术特展在复旦大学开展——笨笃（魏明德）画展“浩海无碑林”。走进复旦大学邯郸校区200号楼，在这座颇具中式风韵的小楼里，展出了六十余件哲学学院法国籍教授魏明德的艺术作品。画展将持续至4月25日。动词不定式五年高考真题考点细目表
卷别
作状语
作宾语
作宾补
作定语
作主语
作表语
2024九省联考卷
t stay
2024浙江1月卷
t benefit
2023新高考I卷
whether t bite…
2023新高考I卷
allwing them t be lifted
2023全国甲卷
t teach
used t (be) afraid改错
2022新高考I卷
t increase
2022新高考II卷
t see
hw t thank…
2022全国甲卷
was unwilling (t) talk 改错
t jurney
2022全国乙卷
T strengthen
preparing-prepare改错
2022北京卷
t harm
2022浙江1月卷
t cntinue
2022浙江6月卷
tells yu nt t d
2022上海7月卷
t achieve
2022上海1月卷
t see
2021新高考II卷
t educate
2021全国甲卷
t walk
2021全国乙卷
aim t have
2021浙江6月卷
t plant
2020全国I卷
t find
2020全国II卷
easy t care
2020全国III卷
was frced (t) eat改错
2020北京卷
t break
2019全国II卷
t retire
2019全国III卷
pens-pen改错
2018全国I卷
t see
2018全国II卷
t imprve
2018全国III卷
allwed me t stay
要点精讲
1.不定式作主语表示具体一次行为 (对比：动名词作主语表示泛指抽象行为) 。
2.不定式作主语三种情况：不定式直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-t d短语作主语(谓语用单数)。
3.常考句型It is+ adj. +f / fr sb t d sth 结构；It takes sb. time t d sth.等。
要点精讲1：只接t d作宾语的动词:妙记--mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的
manage, expect, chse, affrd/ agree/ attempt, refuse, fail,
intend, plan/pretend/prmise, seem, decide/desire/determine
要点精讲2：接t d/ding意义不同的动词：妙记--frgshmt青蛙聪明
frget, remember/regret, g n, stp, can’t help, mean, try。该考点非常重要，必须重视。
要点精讲1：观感使役类动词--see类(不定式作宾语补足语省略不定式符号t，但在被动语态中t应加上)
巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉
ntice, let, make, hear, listen t, see, bserve, watch, have, feel
要点精讲1：
1.不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。
2.不定式与名词之间是主谓关系或动宾关系。
3.若不定式是不及物动词，后边应加上适当的介词。
要点精讲2：
1.序数词first， secnd后常接动词不定式作定语。
2.形容词最高级后常接动词不定式作定语。。
3. decisin, wish, chance, prmise, plan, time, attempt, effrt, right, ability, patience 等抽象名词后常用不定式作定语，说明名词的内容。
要点精讲3：
1.现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。
2.过去分词短语作定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。
要点精讲2：下列句型常省略t：
may as well d sth 最好还是做……
had better d 最好做某事
d nthing but d sth 别无选择只好做某事
can’t help but d sth. 禁不住做某事
Why nt d sth? 何不做某事？
prefer t d…rather than d sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做……
wuld rather d…than d… 宁愿做……而不愿做……
内容
主动语态
被动语态
否定式
一般式
t find
t be fund
nt t find
进行式
t be finding
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完成式
t have fund
t have been fund
nt t have fund