北京卷03-2024年高考英语一轮复习测试卷

这是一份北京卷03-2024年高考英语一轮复习测试卷，文件包含北京卷03-2024年高考英语一轮复习测试卷原卷版docx、北京卷03-2024年高考英语一轮复习测试卷解析版docx、北京卷03-2024年高考英语一轮复习测试卷答题卡docx等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共38页， 欢迎下载使用。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5份，共15份）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
(2023届北京市丰台区高三一模)
It had been an interesting sccer match. Jerry was s absrbed in it that everyne____1____his passin fr sprts. He als develped a____2____ attitude twards acquiring such a sccer unifrm. Whatever he desires, he asks his parents t purchase it in a split f secnds.
“Mm, I want a sccer unifrm, he begged his mther.
“OK,” said his mther, “but yu need t have___3___.”
The days passed by, but he gt n ___4___ frm his parents. His dream seemed t cllapse. Hwever, Jerry never gave up his idea. He kept thinking hw t achieve it as early as pssible. A sparkling idea struck his mind. He culd ___5___ ne f his T-shirts, but what if his mther saw and sclded (责备)?Thugh anxius, he finally made up his mind.
He drew a circle with the help f a bwl and mdified the sccer image nt the T-shirt. He als tk___6___ t avid the spread f clr nt the ther side f it. It was a remarkable piece f wrk.
“Jerry! What are yu ding?” his mther suddenly appeared.
“I may nt get the unifrm, but I can try t paint the image n my T-shirt, I thught.” He was ___7___t face his mther. But ut f his expectatin, his mther ____8____ him fr his wrk ignring the mistake. She did nt mind the T-shirt in the presence f the idea f painting.
“It’s OK,” said Mm.
“If we had fulfilled yur every want, yur inbrn____9____wuld have been hidden. Yu wuldn’t have thught f ther alternative in getting the unifrm. That adds t yur_____10_____ t achieve yur gal,” she said.
“Thank yu, Mm.” He ran playfully.
1. A. cntrlledB. sensedC. supprtedD. expected
2. A. thirstyB. realisticC. cautiusD. selfish
3. A. cnfidenceB. mtivatinC. inspiratinD. patience
4. A. decisinB. respnseC. judgmentD. recgnitin
5. A. purchaseB. exchangeC. paintD. sew
6. A. interestB. energyC. curageD. care
7. A. eagerB. surprisedC. afraidD. relieved
8. A. appreciatedB. blamedC. rewardedD. thanked
9. A. tasteB. fndnessC. talentD. fear
10. A. willpwerB. hnestyC. respnsibilityD. tlerance
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. A
【解析】本位为一篇记叙文。讲述了Jerry喜欢足球比赛，因此想要得到一件足球服，但是妈妈答应他后，很长时间都没有兑现，因此他就在一件T恤上画画来设计自己的足球服。被妈妈发现了，妈妈夸奖了他为此付出的努力。
1考查动词词义辨析。句意：他如此沉浸于比赛，以至于每个人都感受到了他对运动的热爱。A. cntrlled控制；B. sensed感受到；C. supprted支持；D. expected期望。根据前文“Jerry was s absrbed in it”可知，Jerry如此沉浸于这次比赛，因此周围的人都感受到了他对运动的热爱，故选B。
2考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他也渴望得到一件足球服。A. thirsty渴望的；B. realistic现实的，真实的；C. cautius谨慎的，小心的 ；D. selfish自私的。根据前文“his passin fr sprts”可知，他热爱运动，因此他对得到一件足球服产生了渴望的态度，故选A。
3考查名词词义辨析。句意：她妈妈说道：“好的，但是你需要有耐心”。A. cnfidence信心；B. mtivatin动力；C. inspiratin灵感，鼓励；D. patience耐心。根据前文“Whatever he desires, he asks his parents t purchase it in a split f secnds.”可知，无论他想要什么，都会让父母马上给他买，故此处他妈妈答应给他买球服，但要求他要有耐心，故选D。
4考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是几天过去了，他的父母没有任何回应。A. decisin决定；B. respnse回应；C. judgement评论，判断；D. recgnitin辨认，识别。根据后文“His dream seemed t cllapse.”可知，他的梦想似乎要破灭了，故此处表示没有从父母那里得到任何回应，故选B。
5考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可以在他的一件T恤上画，画出一件球服，但是他又担心妈妈看到会责备他。A. purchase购买；B. exchange交换；C. paint画画；D. sew缝。根据后文““I may nt get the unifrm, but I can try t paint the image n my T-shirt, I thught.””的提示可知，此处表示他可以自己在一件T恤上作画，故选C。
6考查名词词义辨析。句意：他也很小心地避免颜色染到另一面。A. interest兴趣；B. energy能量；C. curage勇气；D. care小心，护理。根据空后“t avid the spread f clr nt the ther side f it.”可知，此处指他很小心地作画，故选D。
7考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不敢面对他的妈妈。A. eager渴望的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. afraid害怕的；D. relieved如释重负的。根据前文“He culd ___5___ ne f his T-shirts, but what if his mther saw and sclded (责备)?”可知，他担心他的母亲会责备他，故此处表示他害怕面对他的母亲，故选C。
8考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是出乎意料的是，他的母亲奖励了他，且没有在意这个错误。A. appreciated欣赏，感谢；B. blamed责备；C. rewarded奖励，奖赏；D. thanked感谢。根据后文“She did nt mind the T-shirt in the presence f the idea f painting.”可知，她很欣赏儿子在T恤上画画的这个想法，故选A。
9考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们完全满足了你想要的一切，你内在的天赋就会被埋没。A. taste品尝；B. fndness喜欢；C. talent天赋；D. fear害怕。根据空后的“wuld have been hidden”可知，此处指天赋会被埋没，故选C。
10考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也就增加了你实现目标的毅力。A. willpwer毅力，意志力；B. hnesty诚实；C. respnsibility责任；D. tlerance耐心，忍耐力。根据前文“Yu wuldn’t have thught f ther alternative in getting the unifrm.”可知，此处指这些事就增加了实现目标的毅力，故选A。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
(2023届北京市房山区高三一模)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When I was seven years ld, I caught a cld and had t stay at hme. My parents had t wrk, s my neighbr came ver t lk after me. She read many different bks t me ____11____ (patient), including adventures set in ancient times, travel stries, family dramas, histrical nvels, etc. T my jy, ____12____ (listen) t each bk made me feel like watching a mvie, but better because bks gave much mre details than mvies. She started my interest in reading. Next year, after graduating frm cllege, I ____13____ (have) a jb teaching English. I hpe that I can transfer the lve f reading t my students.
【答案】11. patiently 12. listening 13. will have##am ging t have
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候，邻居激发了作者的阅读兴趣。
11考查副词。句意：她耐心地给我读了很多不同的书，包括古代冒险故事、旅行故事、家庭剧、历史小说等。修饰动词，用副词形式。故填patiently。
12考查非谓语动词。句意：让我高兴的是，每听一本书都让我感觉像在看电影，但更好，因为书比电影提供了更多的细节。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填listening。
13考查时态。句意：明年，大学毕业后，我将有一份教英语的工作。根据时间状语Next year可知，用一般将来时。故填will have/am ging t have。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Beijing Olympic Park, als ____14____ (knw) as the Olympic Green, is lcated in Chayang District, Beijing, with a ttal land area f 11.59 square kilmeters. The famus Natinal Stadium r “Bird’s Nest” is the centerpiece f the park, ____15____ the pening and clsing ceremnies f the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics were hsted. The Natinal Aquatics Center r “Water Cube” hsted the swimming, diving and synchrnized swimming events. It was transfrmed ____16____ the “Ice Cube” fr the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, and detachable curling tracks were built n the swimming pl t hst curling events.
【答案】14. knwn 15. where 16. int##t
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了北京奥林匹克公园。
14考查非谓语动词。句意：北京奥林匹克公园，又称奥林匹克公园，位于北京市朝阳区，总土地面积11.59平方公里。根据句子分析可知，此处作定语，主语Beijing Olympic Park与knw之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。故填knwn。
15考查定语从句。句意：著名的国家体育馆或者“鸟巢”是公园的中心，在这里举办了2022年北京冬奥会的开幕式和闭幕式。根据句子分析可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为The famus Natinal Stadium r “Bird’s Nest”，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导。故填where。
16考查介词。句意：为2022年北京冬奥会和残运会，将它改造成了“冰立方”，并在游泳池上建造了可拆卸的冰壶跑道，以举办冰壶比赛。根据句意可知，此处意为“转变为，改变为”，表达为be transfrmed int/t。故填int/t。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Wrld Envirnment Day (WED) is a day we all need t put in ur ____17____ (diary). It happens n June 5 every year and shuld be ne f the mst imprtant days f the hliday calendar. WED ____18____ (create) in 1972 by the United Natins General Assembly. The envirnment wasn’t such a big issue back then. But it is ne f the httest tpics in the wrld tday. WED helps raise wrldwide awareness f the threats t ur envirnment. ____19____ peple can d that day is t start changing lifestyles t reduce their carbn ftprint. Many envirnmental agencies rganize events based n different themes each year. These events encurage bth gvernments and lcal cmmunities t wrk tgether ____20____ (handle) envirnmental prblems.
【答案】17. diaries 18. was created 19. What 20. t handle
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日。
17考查名词的数。句意：世界环境日是我们每个人都需要记在日记里的一天。名词diary为可数名词，根据形容词性物主代词ur可知，用名词的复数形式。故填diaries。
18考查时态语态。句意：世界环境日由联合国大会于1972年创立。根据时间状语in 1972可知，用一般过去时。主语WED是单数，与create之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was created。
19考查名词性从句。句意：人们在这一天能做的就是开始改变生活方式来减少碳足迹。本句为主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填What。
20考查非谓语动词。句意：这些活动鼓励政府和当地社区共同努力解决环境问题。句中用不定式作目的状语。故填t handle。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
（2023届北京市东城区高三一模）
Every year, yung, talented, and ambitius nature cnservatinists frm all ver the wrld sht their sht fr the Future Fr Nature (FFN) Award, an hnrable internatinal award.
The Future Fr Nature aims t:
·Reward and fund individuals fr their utstanding effrts in the prtectin f species f wild animals and plants.
·Stimulate award winners t sustain their dedicated wrk.
·Help winners t raise their prfile, extend their prfessinal netwrk and strengthen their funding basis.
Benefits
·The winners each receive 50,000 eurs and may make their wn decisin t spend the mney in the service f nature cnservatin.
·FFN ffers the winners a platfrm and brings their stries t the attentin f cnservatinists, financiers and a wide audience, allwing them t increase their impact and gain mre access t funds.
·FFN is building a grwing family f winners, dedicated peple wh frm a cmmunity f peple with the same interest. FFN ffers them the pprtunity t meet each ther and cntinue t learn with each ther in rder t cntinue their fight fr nature as efficiently and effectively as pssible.
Qualificatins
The candidate：
·Must be brn n r after the 31st May 1988 and befre the 31st May 2005.
·Is able t explain his/her cnservatin wrk in fluent English (written and spken)
·Has achieved substantial and lng-term benefits t the cnservatin status f ne r mre animal r plant species.
·Must be determined t cntinue his/her cnservatin wrk, as the award aims t stimulate the winner’s future wrk. It is nt an “end f career” prize.
Additinal Remarks
Fr the 2023 Future Fr Nature Award, we are again searching fr natural leaders, wh have prven that they can make a difference in species’ survival.
Frm all applicatins, 6 t 10 nminees (被提名者) will be selected. These applicants will be asked t prvide additinal infrmatin, which will be used t select the final awardees. Ultimately, three inspiring wildlife heres are selected as the winners.
Applicatin Prcess: Apply nline thrugh the Apply Nw link.
Applicatin Deadline: May 1st, 2023.
21. Which is ne f the aims f the Future Fr Nature?
A. T aid mre green grups.B. T fund academic educatin.
C. T inspire cnservatin effrts.D. T raise envirnmental awareness.
22. The winners will get the chance t ________.
A. cnsult tp specialistsB. meet like-minded peple
C. benefit the lcal cmmunityD. prmte self-created platfrms
23. T apply fr the 2023 Future Fr Nature Award, candidates must ________.
A. meet the age requirementB. apply via mail by the deadline
C. turn in the applicatin in EnglishD. prvide additinal persnal infrmatin
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍自然的未来奖 (FFN) 的目的，益处，资格和申请候选人等相关信息。
21细节理解题。根据小标题The Future Fr Nature aims t:中的“·Reward and fund individuals fr their utstanding effrts in the prtectin f species f wild animals and plants. (奖励和资助在保护野生动植物物种方面做出突出努力的个人)”和“·Stimulate award winners t sustain their dedicated wrk. (激励获奖者保持他们的敬业精神)”可知，FFN的目标之一是激励保护工作，故选C。
22细节理解题。根据小标题The Future Fr Nature aims t:中的“·FFN is building a grwing family f winners, dedicated peple wh frm a cmmunity f peple with the same interest. FFN ffers them the pprtunity t meet each ther and cntinue t learn with each ther in rder t cntinue their fight fr nature as efficiently and effectively as pssible.(FFN正在建立一个不断壮大的赢家家庭，由具有相同兴趣的人组成一个社区。FFN为他们提供了彼此见面的机会，并继续相互学习，以便尽可能高效和有效地继续为自然而战)”可知，获胜者将有机会认识志同道合的人。故选B。
23细节理解题。根据小标题Qualificatins中的“The candidate: ·Must be brn n r after the 31st May 1988 and befre the 31st May 2005. (候选人：1988年5月31日或之后，2005年5月31日之前出生)”可知，要申请2023年自然未来奖，候选人必须符合年龄要求。故选A。
B
(2023届北京市石景山区高三一模)
Imagine a simple bld test that culd flag mst kinds f cancers at the earliest, mst curable stage. Liquid bipsies culd, in thery, detect a tumr (肿瘤) well befre it culd be fund by tuch, symptms r imaging. Bld tests culd avid the need fr surgens t cut tissue samples and make it pssible t reveal cancer hiding in places needles and scalpels cannt safely reach. They culd als determine what type f cancer is taking rt t help dctrs decide what treatment might wrk best t destry it.
Liquid bipsies are nt yet in hand, because it is hard t find definitive cancer signals in a tube f bld, but prgress in recent years has been impressive. Last year the jurnal Science published the first big prspective study f a liquid bipsy fr DNA and prteins frm multiple types f cancers. Thugh far frm perfect, the bld test called CancerSEEK fund 26 tumrs that had nt been discvered with cnventinal screenings.
Liquid bipsies can rely n a variety f bimarkers in additin t tumr DNA and prteins, such as free-flating cancer cells themselves. But what makes the search difficult, Ana Rbles, a cancer bilgist f the Natinal Cancer Institute, explains, is that “if yu have an early-stage cancer r certain types f cancer, there might nt be a lt f tumr DNA,” and tests might miss it. The ideal bld test will be bth very specific and very sensitive s that even tiny tumrs can be fund. T tackle this challenge, CancerSEEK lks fr cancer-specific mutatins (突变) n 16 genes, and fr eight prteins that are linked t cancer and fr which there are highly sensitive tests.
Simple detectin is nt the nly gal. An ideal liquid bipsy will als determine the likely lcatin f the cancer s that it can be treated. “Mutatins are ften shared amng different kinds f cancer, s if yu find them in bld, yu dn’t knw if that mutatin is cming frm a stmach cancer r lung cancer,” says Anirban Maitra, a cancer scientist at the Andersn Cancer Center. T slve that prblem, sme newer liquid bipsies lk fr changes in gene expressin. Such changes, Maitra ntes, are “mre rgan-specific”.
On the nearer hrizn are liquid bipsies t help peple already diagnsed with cancer. Last year the gvernment apprved the first tw such tests, which scan fr tumr DNA s dctrs can select mutatin-targeted drugs. Scientists are wrking n bld tests t detect the first signs f cancer recurrence (复发) in patients wh have cmpleted treatment. This wrk is mving fast, but des it save lives?
That is the questin cmpanies such as Thrive and Grail must answer fr their bradly ambitius screening tests. “These cmpanies have t prve that they can detect early cancer and, mre imprtant, that the early detectin can have an impact n cancer survival,” Maitra bserves.
24. Accrding t the passage, liquid bipsies are expected t
A. flag cancer and determine the treatment
B. detect cancer signals frm a sample f bld
C. take images f tumrs and prevent ptential cancers
D. shw types f cancer by measuring the amunt f prteins
25. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Signs f cancer recurrence are nt detectable.
B. Different kinds f cancer have different gene mutatins.
C. Bimarkers are much mre reliable than tumr DNA and prteins.
D. Organ-specific cancers will be identified thrugh changes in gene expressin.
26. The authr is mstly cncerned abut whether .
A. liquid bipsies can discver tumrs cnventinal screenings can’t find
B. liquid bipsies can imprve the applicatin f mutatin-targeted drugs
C. liquid bipsies can help save the lives f thse with cancer
D. liquid bipsies can be develped fr cancer preventin
【答案】24. B 24. D 26. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了液体活检检测肿瘤的研究以及目前存在的一些不足之处。
24细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Liquid bipsies culd, in thery, detect a tumr (肿瘤) well befre it culd be fund by tuch, symptms r imaging. (理论上，液体活检可以通过触摸、症状或成像能发现之前检测出肿瘤)”可知，液体活检，如血样能够检测出肿瘤。故选B项。
25推理判断题。根据第四段后二句“T slve that prblem, sme newer liquid bipsies lk fr changes in gene expressin. Such changes, Maitra ntes, are “mre rgan-specific”. (为了解决这个问题，一些新的液体活检寻找基因表达的变化。Maitra指出，这种变化“更具器官特异性”)”可推测出，器官特异性的肿瘤将能通过基因表达上的变化被识别出。故选D项。
26推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句““These cmpanies have t prve that they can detect early cancer and, mre imprtant, that the early detectin can have an impact n cancer survival,” Maitra bserves. (“这些公司必须证明他们能够检测到早期癌症，更重要的是，早期检测可以对癌症生存率产生影响。”Maitra说道。)”推知，作者关心的是液体活检是否有助于挽救癌症患者的生命。故选C项。
C
(2023届北京市朝阳区高三一模)
Clwn fish live their adult lives in the prtective arms f sea anemnes, the small brightly clred sea animals attached nt rcks t huse clwn fish. Between birth and adulthd, hwever, the fish have t cmplete a treacherus jurney. After hatching, they swim ut t the pen sea t finish develping. After maturing, the yung fish swim back, during which they have t avid a “wall f muths” by sensing the unfriendly smells. With cean acidificatin, a trend that is ccurring wrldwide, scientists began t wnder what might happen t fish’s sense f smell.
My team put 300 recently hatched clwn fish in ur lab. When we intrduced a friendly fish dr (气味), they did nt react. But when we intrduced an enemy dr, they swam away. We then repeated the experiment with 300 new hatchlings frm the same parents in the mre acidic water-a level we can expect by the year 2100 if current trends cntinue. When we intrduced friendly and unfriendly smells at the same time, the fish seemed unable t make up their minds, spending equal time swimming tward ne smell and the ther. They culd sense chemical signals but culdn’t recgnize the meaning f them.
It is always tricky t say that behavirs seen in a lab wuld als be seen in the wild. S we went t a sandy lake near ne f the Great Barrier Reef’s nrthern islands t test hw wild-caught damselfish wuld react t enemy smells after expsing them t acidic water. In a tank, abut half f them held in water with acidity expected by 2050 were attracted t the unfriendly dr and half were nt, yet nt ne held in water anticipated by 2100 avided being attracted t the enemy dr. We then let the marked damselfish lse in the lake. The fish nce held in the mst acidic water swam farther away frm their prtective hme. Can fish adapt? Mst studies have habituated fish t lifted acidic cnditins ver a few days r mnths-an extremely shrt length f time. The animals are nt given a realistic pprtunity t adapt. Yet sme scientists thught that fish might escape the anger f cean acidificatin, in part because early research dne in the 1980s shwed that certain animals had an astnishing ability t regulate their internal chemistry t survive acidified water. But maintaining nrmal functins such as aviding danger is a different challenge.
At a minimum, cnfusin culd place yet anther stressr n fish already challenged by rising water temperatures, verfishing, etc. Further, if many cean creatures start t behave strangely, entire fd webs and ecsystems culd cme crashing dwn. Althugh the science is still new, the results appear t be lining up: cean acidificatin is messing with fish’s minds.
27. What des the underlined wrd “treacherus” in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. Risky.B. Hurried.
C. Mysterius.D. Helpless.
28. What can we learn abut the fish in the acidic water?
A. They lst their senses t chemical signals.
B. They were less likely t respnd t threats.
C. Their behavir in the lab disappeared in the wild.
D. They tended t seek the prtectin frm their hme.
29. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. The authr’s study cnfirms previus findings.
B. Fish’s adaptatin t acidic water is a matter f time.
C. Different fishes behave differently t acidity change.
D. The chances f restring fish’s minds are yet t be seen.
30. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. What D Different Stressrs D t Ocean Creatures?
B. What Des Ocean Acidity Mean t Ocean Creatures?
C. Hw Des Ocean Acidificatin Destry the Ecsystem?
D. Hw D Ocean Creatures Adapt t Ocean Acidificatin?
【答案】27. A 28. B 29. D 30. B
【解析】本文是篇说明文。文章通过科研团队对小丑鱼和小热带鱼的实验和研究，说明了海洋酸化正在搅乱海洋生物的思维，对它们产生了较大的影响。
27词义猜测题。根据第一段“After hatching, they swim ut t the pen sea t finish develping. After maturing, the yung fish swim back, during which they have t avid a “wall f muths” by sensing the unfriendly smells. ”（孵化后，它们游到大海中完成发育。成年后，幼鱼会游回来，在此期间，它们必须通过感知不友好的气味来避开“口墙”。）可知，小丑鱼出生后要独自去大海中生活，成年后才能回来，这期间随时都有被其他生物吃掉的可能，有着较大的风险，可谓是一场有风险的旅程。故划线词“treacherus”表示“有风险的”。故选A。
28细节理解题。根据第二段“When we intrduced friendly and unfriendly smells at the same time, the fish seemed unable t make up their minds, spending equal time swimming tward ne smell and the ther. They culd sense chemical signals but culdn’t recgnize the meaning f them.”（当我们同时引入友好和不友好的气味时，鱼似乎无法下定决心，花同样的时间游向一种气味和另一种气味。他们可以感知化学信号，但不能识别它们的意义。）可知，鱼在酸性水中，不太能识别不友好的具有威胁性的气味。故选B。
29推理判断题。根据第三段“But maintaining nrmal functins such as aviding danger is a different challenge.”（但维持正常功能，如避免危险则是另一种挑战。）和最后一段“Althugh the science is still new, the results appear t be lining up: cean acidificatin is messing with fish’s minds.”（虽然这门科学还是新兴的，但结果似乎是一致的：海洋酸化正在扰乱鱼类的思维。）可知，海洋酸化正在扰乱鱼的思维，使鱼很难避免危险，所以恢复鱼的思维的可能性还有待观察。故选D。
30主旨大意题。根据第一段“With cean acidificatin, a trend that is ccurring wrldwide, scientists began t wnder what might happen t fish’s sense f smell.”（随着全球范围内海洋酸化的趋势，科学家们开始想知道鱼类的嗅觉会发生什么。）和最后一段“Althugh the science is still new, the results appear t be lining up: cean acidificatin is messing with fish’s minds.”（虽然这门科学还是新兴的，但结果似乎是一致的：海洋酸化正在扰乱鱼类的思维。）及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了海洋酸化对海洋生物产生的影响。故选B。
D
(2022届北京市顺义区高三一模)
The idea f unplugged running is gaining steam in the fitness cmmunity, as recent studies shw that being addicted t tracking fitness metrics can lead t negative mindsets and utcmes.
Ein Whelan, a senir lecturer in business infrmatin systems at the Natinal University f Ireland Galway, explres the psychlgy behind engagement with scial media and fitness tracking apps. “Peple are getting mre enjyment ut f gathering the data and analyzing that and sharing it with ther peple”, Whelan tld CNN, adding that there is a big element f scial cmparisn fr thse wh use fitness tracking apps. “Peple will cmpare themselves t peple wh are better than them, wh are running faster r running lnger. And ultimately we knw that makes them feel bad.”
Whelan als nted that peple wh are very reliant n smartwatches. fitness trackers r fitness apps are mre likely t skip their wrkut if the batteries n their tracking devices are dead. It’s like we can’t interpret ur wn bdy signals. We are becming very dependent n the technlgy t actually d that fr us. When yu ask sme f the athletes a simple questin like “hw did yu sleep last night?” they can’t answer unless they lk at the data.
Other researches shw that t much screen time, including lking at ur smartwatch r fitness apps, has negative impacts n mental health. The infrmatin peple gather frm smartwatches and wrkut tracking apps can cntribute t “infrmatin verlad” prblems. Having a cnstant flw f infrmatin due t technlgy can lead t stress, anxiety, lss f sleep, depressin, and mre. The mre we allw ntificatins and alerts t beckn (吸引) us, the mre stress and anxiety chemicals are released, making us n edge and ur mental and emtinal systems are flded with a message that says, “check me nw”. Sme experts advcate us t create screen-free znes as well as taking “tech breaks”, where we set a 15-r 30-timer during which we dn’t check ur phne. The time limit tells ur brain that we can check the phne sn and reduces the anxiety f feeling we have t check in all the time.
Running watch-free is beneficial fr mre than just the casual jgger r weekend warrir. Sme prfessinals als have had success with leaving their watches at hme. Welsh runner Steve Jnes famusly set a wrld recrd at the 1984 Chicag Marathn withut wearing a watch. He later tld jurnalists he didn't even knw he was n wrld recrd-pace until he crssed the finish line.
It’s nt all negative, thugh. Other studies shw there are many upsides t using fitness trackers. When using these technlgies, sme peple tend t exercise fr lnger and at a higher intensity as well, which is all gd fr their physical well- being. S ditching the data might nt be best fr everyne.
31. Accrding t Whelan, why d peple invlve themselves in fitness tracking apps?
A. Because they fail t interpret their wn bdy signals.
B. Because they want t learn frm thse wh exercise better.
C. Because they skip wrkut when their batteries run ut.
D. Because they gain satisfactin when they see the data.
32. What culd “tech breaks” d fr us, accrding t Whelan?
A. They enable ur mind t relax fr a while.B. They allw us t check ur phne at any time.
C. They expse ur mind t crwded infrmatin.D. They release anxiety chemicals affecting us.
33. What des the underlined wrd “ditching” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A. Tracking.B. Abandning.C. Analyzing.D. Cllecting.
34. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Running watch-free gives peple mre mtivatin.
B. Prfessinal runners d nt wear a watch while training.
C. Infrmatin verlad has bad effects n ur mental health.
D. The setbacks f running watch-free utweigh the benefits.
【答案】31. D 32. A 33. B 34. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最近的研究表明，沉迷于跟踪健身指标可能会导致消极的心态和结果。
31细节理解题。根据第二段“Peple are getting mre enjyment ut f gathering the data and analyzing that and sharing it with ther peple（人们从收集数据，分析数据并与他人分享中获得了更多乐趣）”可知，人们在沉迷于跟踪健身指标应用软件中获得了更多的乐趣，得到了满足感。故选D。
32细节理解题。根据第四段“The time limit tells ur brain that we can check the phne sn and reduces the anxiety f feeling we have t check in all the time（这个时间限制告诉我们的大脑，我们可以很快查看手机并且减少我们一直看手机的焦虑感）”可知，tech breaks可以让我们减少焦虑感，从而让大脑休息。故选A。
33词义猜测题。根据“Other studies shw there are many upsides t using fitness trackers（其他研究表明使用健康跟踪软件有许多好处）”可猜测ditching the data might nt be best fr everyne意思是“抛弃数据可能不是对每个人都是最好的”，故ditching意为“抛弃”，A. Tracking追踪；B. Abandning抛弃；C. Analyzing分析；D. Cllecting收集。故选B。
34推理判断题。根据第四段“Having a cnstant flw f infrmatin due t technlgy can lead t stress, anxiety, lss f sleep, depressin, and mre（因为科技而不断地看信息可能导致压力，焦虑，失眠，抑郁以及更多）”可推断出，过多的信息对我们的精神健康有害。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
(2023届北京市朝阳区高三下学期一模)
Once upn a time, we were all questin-asking experts. We started asking ur parents numerus questins as kids. By preschl, ur inquiries even reached the depths f science, philsphy, and the scial rder. Where des the sun g at night? Why desn’t that man have a hme like we d? Why d rcks sink but ice flats? ____35____
Why des the child’s urge t ask questins grw inactive in s many adults? An imprtant factr is hw the scial envirnments surrunding us change as we age. Schls transfrm frm a place fr asking questins t ne funded by ur ability t answer them. ____36____ And we recgnize that sciety rewards the peple wh prpse t have the answers.
____37____ We can be braver abut asking questins in public and encuraging thers t pursue their curisity, t. In that encuragement, we help create an envirnment where thse arund us feel safe t ask questins.
When it cmes t hw we phrase questins, we are advised t pen with less sensitive questins, favr fllw-up questins, and keep questins pen-ended. We can als practice asking questins f and fr urselves by keeping a running list f questins in a jurnal. ____38____ Finally, we culd set aside time t ask absurd questins like “Hw wuld yu accmplish a week’s wrk in tw hurs?” This type f questins frces us t break the bundaries f ur cmfrt zne.
In the wrld that des nt lk much as it did years ag, we must ask questins. ____39____ Great questins can pen up ur capacity t change because they allw us t draw peple in, pening them up t sharing knwledge, ideas, and pinins. And they are als ur primary means f learning abut the wrld. In shrt, asking questins is the best way t deepen ur understanding f the things that matter t ur life. As any child culd prbably tell us if we asked.
A. Then, at sme pint, ur inquiring desires disappear.
B. It is a high-payff behavir especially in times f change.
C. The questins we ask depend n ur attitudes as well as the situatins.
D. But as we grw up, asking questins fills us with wrry and self-dubt.
E. As such, ne way t renew ur inquiring spirit is t change the atmsphere.
F. We learn t sell urselves n the jb market by what we knw, nt what we dn’t.
G. It nt nly remves the publicity frm questin asking, but ffers us a place t experiment.
【答案】35. A 36. F 37. E 38. G 39. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着年龄的增长我们问问题的欲望不断减少的原因和和应对策略。
35上文“Once upn a time, we were all questin-asking experts.(曾几何时，我们都是提问专家。)”提到了曾经的我们都爱问问题，并列举了一系列曾经问过的问题。下文“Why des the child’s urge t ask questins grw inactive in s many adults?(为什么在许多成年人身上，孩子问问题的冲动变得不活跃了?)”提到了现在情况发生了转折，A选项中inquiring与上文的问题呼应，dispear与下文的inactive呼应，所以A选项“然后，在某个时刻，我们的探究欲望消失了。”承上启下，符合题意。故选A项。
36下文“And we recgnize that sciety rewards the peple wh prpse t have the answers.(我们认识到，社会会奖励那些提出答案的人。)”提到了那些提出答案的人，F选项中what we knw与下文那些提出答案的人呼应，所以F选项“我们学会在就业市场上用我们知道的东西来推销自己，而不是我们不知道的东西。”能引起下文内容，符合语境。故选F项。
37下文“We can be braver abut asking questins in public and encuraging thers t pursue their curisity, t. In that encuragement, we help create an envirnment where thse arund us feel safe t ask questins.(我们可以更勇敢地在公共场合提问，也可以鼓励其他人追求自己的好奇心。在这种鼓励下，我们帮助创造一种环境，让我们周围的人可以放心地提出问题。)”提到了创造提问的环境，E选项中msphere是关键词，与下文的envirnment相呼应，所以E选项“As such, ne way t renew ur inquiring spirit is t change the atmsphere(因此，要恢复我们的探究精神，一个方法就是改变氛围)”能概括下文内容。故选E项。
38上文“We can als practice asking questins f and fr urselves by keeping a running list f questins in a jurnal.(我们也可以通过在日记中记录问题列表来练习问自己问题。)”提到了通过日记记录问题，G选项中a place是关键词语上文的jurnal呼应，所以G选项“这不仅消除了提问的公共性，还为我们提供了一个实验的场所。”能承接上文内容，符合语境。故选G项。
39上文“In the wrld that des nt lk much as it did years ag, we must ask questins.(在这个与多年前大不相同的世界里，我们必须提出问题。)”提到了世界的变化，B选项中change是关键词与上文呼应，所以B选项“这是一种高回报的行为，尤其是在变革时期。”能呼应上文内容。故选B项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
(2023届北京市丰台区高三一模)
If yu’ve spent any time n scial media sites, yu’ve prbably nticed it: parents share news, phts, and ther infrmatin abut their children. This phenmenn is called “sharenting”, a cmbinatin f the wrds “sharing” and
“parenting”.
Much f the research n sharenting fcuses n why parents chse t share nline. Studies fund that fr parents f infants (婴儿), sharenting can help ease the scial islatin that cmes with this perid in their children’s lives. Parents f teenagers als share infrmatin abut their kids n scial media. Research has shwn their mtivatins include cmmunicating their pride in their children’s accmplishments and infrming friends and family abut their kids’ lives.
Hwever, when parents pst abut their children n scial media with high frequency, the phenmenn f “versharenting” ccurs, which can be a great cause fr cncern. Fr example, if parents share t much infrmatin that their children dn’t want disclsed, it may lead them t withhld infrmatin abut their lives frm their parents s they can better cntrl what can and can’t be psted abut them.
Additinally, the cute phts r funny bservatins parents share nline abut their children culd becme a prblem when their kids get lder. In particular, clleges and emplyers are increasingly checking applicants’ nline activity, and as a result, infrmatin psted by parents culd becme a surce f embarrassment r affect a ptential cllege’s r emplyer’s assessment f their child.
Sharing infrmatin has never been faster than in the digital age. While it can be very cnvenient t pst milestnes f their children, it’s imprtant fr parents t ensure they’re sharenting respnsibly. After all it’s nt just a picture, it’s the child and their digital ftprint.
40. Accrding t the passage, what is sharenting?
______________________________________________________________________
41. Why d parents f infants chse t share nline?
______________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
When parents versharent, their children may make up infrmatin abut their lives t better cntrl what can and can’t be psted abut them.
______________________________________________________________________
43. Besides what’s mentined in the passage, what else can yu d if yur parents versharent? (In abut 40 wrds)
______________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. It is a phenmenn where parents share news, phts, and ther infrmatin abut their children.
41. Because sharenting can help ease the scial islatin that cmes with this perid in their children’s lives.
42. When parents versharent, their children may make up infrmatin abut their lives t better cntrl what can and can’t be psted abut them.
Accrding t the passage, their children may withhld infrmatin abut their lives frm their parents t better cntrl what can and can’t be psted abut them.
43. If my parents versharent, I can talk t them and express my cncerns abut the infrmatin they’re sharing nline. I can als set bundaries and ask them t get my permissin befre sharing anything abut me, r ask them t limit the audience f their psts.
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新生单词——“sharenting”，也就是“晒娃”。文章分析了这种现象产生的原因以及可能存在的问题。
40考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“If yu’ve spent any time n scial media sites, yu’ve prbably nticed it: parents share news, phts, and ther infrmatin abut their children. This phenmenn is called “sharenting”, a cmbinatin f the wrds “sharing” and “parenting”.(如果你花时间在社交媒体网站上，你可能已经注意到：父母分享新闻、照片和其他关于孩子的信息。这种现象被称为“晒娃”，由“分享”和“养育”两个词组合而成。)”可知，所谓的“sharenting”指的是一种父母在社交媒体分析关于孩子的新闻、照片和其他信息。故答案为It is a phenmenn where parents share news, phts, and ther infrmatin abut their children.。
41考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Studies fund that fr parents f infants(婴儿), sharenting can help ease the scial islatin that cmes with this perid in their children’s lives.(研究发现，对于有婴儿的父母来说，“晒娃”有助于缓解他们在孩子这一阶段中所面临的社会孤立。)”可知，对于有婴儿的父母而言，“晒娃”有助于缓解他们在孩子这一阶段中所面临的社会孤立。故答案为Because sharenting can help ease the scial islatin that cmes with this perid in their children’s lives.。
42考查推理判断。根据文章第三段“Hwever, when parents pst abut their children n scial media with high frequency, the phenmenn f “versharenting” ccurs, which can be a great cause fr cncern. Fr example, if parents share t much infrmatin that their children dn’t want disclsed, it may lead them t withhld infrmatin abut their lives frm their parents s they can better cntrl what can and can’t be psted abut them.(然而，当父母在社交媒体上频繁地晒孩子的照片时，“过度晒娃”的现象就会出现，这可能是一个令人担忧的问题。例如，如果父母分享了太多孩子不想透露的信息，这可能会导致他们对父母隐瞒自己的生活信息，这样他们就能更好地控制哪些信息可以发布，哪些信息不可以发布。)”可知，如果父母过度晒娃，孩子可能就会对父母隐瞒自己的生活信息。因此原句中的“make up infrmatin abut their lives”是错误的。故答案为When parents versharent, their children may make up infrmatin abut their lives t better cntrl what can and can’t be psted abut them.
Accrding t the passage, their children may withhld infrmatin abut their lives frm their parents t better cntrl what can and can’t be psted abut them.。
43开放题。要求考生以自己为例，说明如果父母过度晒出自己的生活信息，自己会如何做，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为If my parents versharent, I can talk t them and express my cncerns abut the infrmatin they’re sharing nline. I can als set bundaries and ask them t get my permissin befre sharing anything abut me, r ask them t limit the audience f their psts.。
第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
(2023届北京市石景山区一模)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim给你写了一封信，提及因为误解，他和同学产生了不愉快。请用英文给Jim回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 安慰Jim；
2. 具体建议。
注意：1．词数 100 左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】范文1
Dear Jim,
I’m srry t hear that yu are having truble with yur classmates. It’s never easy when misunderstandings ccur. But dn’t wrry, I’m here fr yu.
I have sme suggestins that might help. Try having an pen and hnest cnversatin with yur classmates. Explain hw yu’re feeling and listen t their pints as well. It’s pssible that they just didn’t realize they were causing yu harm. If that desn’t wrk, dn’t be afraid t ask teachers fr help. They’re expert at dealing with cnflicts and can give yu advice n hw t handle the situatin.
I hpe this helps. Just remember that cnflicts are ttally nrmal, but with a little patience and understanding, yu are sure t wrk thrugh it. Take care.
Yurs,
Li Hua
范文2
Dear Jim,
I’m srry t hear that yu’re experiencing sme difficulties with yur classmates. It can be tugh when misunderstandings ccur, but please knw that yu’re nt alne. We all g thrugh similar situatins in ur lives.
As fr yur situatin, here are sme suggestins that might help. Firstly, try t have an pen and hnest cnversatin with yur classmates t understand their perspective and clarify any misunderstandings. Secndly, it’s imprtant t apprach the situatin with kindness and empathy. Finally, dn’t be afraid t seek help frm a teacher r cunselr if the situatin cntinues.
Remember, yu’re a great persn and dn’t let this situatin bring yu dwn. Keep yur head up and stay psitive!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回复邮件，对于他和同学产生的不愉快表示安慰并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
发生：ccur→happen
观点：pint→view
向……求助：ask…fr help→turn t…fr help
完全：ttally→cmpletely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：They’re expert at dealing with cnflicts and can give yu advice n hw t handle the situatin.
拓展句：They’re expert at dealing with cnflicts, wh can give yu advice n hw t handle the situatin.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I have sme suggestins that might help.（运用了that引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】It’s pssible that they just didn’t realize they were causing yu harm.（运用了it作形式主语，that引导主语从句以省略that的宾语从句）
【高分句型3】If that desn’t wrk, dn’t be afraid t ask teachers fr help.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）