新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题11 七选五之利用设空位置解题 （讲义） （2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题11 七选五之利用设空位置解题 （讲义） （2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题11七选五之利用设空位置解题讲义原卷版doc、新高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测专题11七选五之利用设空位置解题讲义解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共61页， 欢迎下载使用。
01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点 利用设空位置解题
【高考解密】
命题点01 设空在段首
命题点02 设空在段中
命题点03 设空在段尾
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 段首主旨句易错陷阱
05创新好题·分层练
命题点01 设空在段首
典例01
【2023·全国甲卷·片段】
● ___19___.
S many f us have the belief that being cmfrtable is the nly state we will tlerate, and when we experience smething utside f ur cmfrt zne, we get impatient abut the circumstances. Yu shuld learn t say t yurself, “___20Learning abut the requirements f each plant can be very rewarding___.” Yu’ll then gradually becme mre patient.
A. Find yur causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncmfrtable
【解题】 设空处位于本段段首。根据本段内容“S many f us have the belief that being cmfrtable is the nly state we will tlerate, and when we experience smething utside f ur cmfrt zne, we get impatient abut the circumstances. ”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncmfrtable对应后文cmfrtable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境。
典例02
【2022·全国乙卷·节选】
· 39
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even mre weight in lng-distance friendships.Althugh technlgy might make day-t-day cmmunicatin pssible, extra effrt ges a lng way n special days.Simply keeping a diary that keeps track f friends' birthdays and ther imprtant dates will make sure nthing slips by yu.
A．Remember imprtant dates
B．Cmpensate by writing letters
C．It is als helpful fr yu t be a friendship keeper
D．Try t find a time that wrks fr bth f yu and stick t it
E．Friends need t talk abut their preferred methds f cmmunicatin
F．It is easy t have a sense f cnnectedness thrugh scial media
G．Yu may be the friend wh left r the ne wh was left behind
【解析】本空是对段落小标题的考查。根据本段的 Anniversaries and birthdays ... special days.以及 keeps track f friends' birthdays and ther imprtant dates 等关键信息可知，本段讲的是要记住重要的日子。故选A项。
典例03
【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选】Parisians are different frm yu and me. They never lk lazy r untidy. As smene nted in this paper a cuple f weeks ag, they eat great fd and never gain weight. 38.The fd is s delicius that yu dn't need much f it t make yu happy.French strawberries d nt taste like cardbard. Instead, they explde in yur muth like little flavr bmbs.
39 On ur first mrning in Paris, I went arund the crner t the fd market t pick up sme grceries. I bught a handful f perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet meln. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cst $18!
B．The quality f life in France is equally excellent.
C．There was a nice kitchen and a cmfrtable bed.
D．The amazing fd is mainly cnsumed by lcal farmers.
E．That's nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we d.
F．Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians.
【解析】 根据空处所在的位置可知，该空很可能是承上启下的过渡句。设空处的上一段介绍了法国人吃得少的一个原因是他们的食物美味，根据空后内容可知，该段主要讲述的是法国人吃得少的另一个原因，即水果价格昂贵。设空处应起到承上启下的过渡作用。分析选项可知，E项符合语境，且该项中的That指代上文论述的原因。
命题点02 设空在段中
典例01
【2023年新高考I卷】Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list. ____19____ That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh. In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.
A. A little self-frgiveness als ges a lng way.
B. Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.
C. They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.
D. It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.
E. It desn’t mean yu have t ignre what’s happened r frget it.
F. Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.
【答案】19. C
【解析】根据空后内容“That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend r family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
典例02
【2022·全国甲卷·节选】
Imprtant Things t Knw When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise yu with sme f its imprtant 't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant. Knwing sme tips will help ensure that yu have an enjyable meal with friends r family — n matter where yu are in the wrld.
In India and the Middle East, it's cnsidered very rude t eat with yur left hand.Peple in France expect yu t eat with a utensil in each hand. 38 ， instead preferring t use their hands.In Chile, yu may never tuch any fd with yur fingers.Peple in Thailand generally use their frks nly t push fd nt their spns.
A．The mre friends yu make in yur lifetime
B．The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry
C．Mexicans cnsider it inapprpriate t eat with utensils
E．It's a gd sign fr the chef if yu make a mess arund yur plate
【解析】空前和空后分明讲了印度、中东、法国、智利以及泰国的风俗，空处也应是某个国家的风俗，故C项符合语境，且C项与空后内容形成对比。
命题点03 设空在段尾
典例01
【2021·1月浙江高考·节选】Yu run int the grcery stre t pick up ne bttle f water.Yu get what yu need, head t the frnt, and chse the line that lks fastest.
Yu chse wrng.Peple wh yu swear gt in ther lines lng after yu are already checked ut and ff t the parking lt. 31
It turns ut, it's just math wrking against yu；chances are, the ther line really is faster.
A．Why des this always seem t happen t yu?
B．S why dn't mst places encurage serpentine lines?
C．Sme f them may have std in a queue fr almst an hur.
D．The chances f yur line being the fastest are nly ne in three.
E．Hw high is the prbability that yu are in the fastest waiting line?
F．With three registers, this methd is much faster than the traditinal apprach.
G．But smetimes, as n a Sunday afternn, the system gets particularly busy.
【解析】本题考查段尾过渡句。上文描述了你排队结账时，发现自己排的队伍总是比别的队伍慢这一现象，下文的 It turns ut 和 chances are, the ther line really is faster点明了结论，所以空处应为对该现象提出的疑问。结合选项来看，只有A项的内容与结论的内容相匹配，起到了上下文衔接的过渡作用。
典例02
【2020·全国Ⅰ卷·节选】·Recgnize all f yur strengths.Write them dwn in a jurnal.Begin t train yur brain t lk at strength befre weakness.List all f yur accmplishments and achievements.Yu have a jb，earned yur degree，and yu gt ut f bed tday. 39
A．Feeling upset again?
B．Where d yu start?
C．Nthing is t small t celebrate.
D．Remember, yu are nly human.
E．Set an intentin fr self-acceptance.
F．Stp cmparing yurself with thers.
G．When des the cmparisn game start?
【解析】本题考查段尾总结句。根据本段首句可知，本段的主题是“认识到你所有的优点”，段中列举了一些小的成绩，如有了一份工作，拿到了学位等，段尾应是对这些成绩做出总结：没有什么事情因太小而不值得庆祝。故选C项。
一、设空在段首
1．判断是不是段落主题句
(1)根据段落一致性原则认真阅读空格后内容，从词汇及句意两个方面判断其中的某个选项是否可以涵盖该段主旨。
(2)着重阅读挖空后面的第一、二句，确定相关信息词。阅读时要学会瞻前顾后，注重逻辑关系的一致性。
2．判断是不是承上启下句
除第一段之外的其他段落段首设题时也有可能是承上启下句(第二段段首设题时该情况最常见)，这时需要在熟悉上一段(段尾)内容的前提下，结合该段的其余内容，分析所选的答案是否能够将两个段落连贯起来。
3．利用平衡原则
对于有特殊标识的文章(如加黑、数字排序或其他特殊标识)做出选择时要充分利用与其他段落的平衡原则，如：是不是祈使句(如上文)，平衡部分的主语是不是具有统一性等。有时这种关系也会体现在段落内部。
设空在段中
段中题解题的思维流程
设空位于段中，首先阅读选项并画出关键词；然后重点阅读设空处的前一句和后一句，画出关键词，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；
1. 先看选项
七选五的选项较少，并且给出的都是句子。可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号先判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其它选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样可以直接将该选项排除。
2. 再看空前空后
由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。
3. 注意代词或定冠词
一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，这样可以迅速的确定备选选项。
三、设空在段尾
段尾题解题的思维流程
段尾设空的题多为总结本段内容，偶有起承上启下的作用。即要么是结论句，要么就是承上启下句。
题型和考查角度：
结论句：用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。
承上启下句：此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
总结概括句
解题策略：
1. 做题时一要注意设空的前一句或前两三句；
2. 要注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的词语如thus, therefre, hence, s, as a result, in a wrd, in shrt, t cnclude, t sum up等；
承上启下(过渡)句
解题策略：
1.在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时要考虑与下一段开头是否有衔接，认真阅读下一段的开头几句，看是否能紧密联系起来。
2.如果第一段的段尾是空白，往往是和下一段能连贯起来。
3.通常是结论、概括性语句。要注意表示总结的信号词，如therefre, as a result, hence, thus, t sum up, t cnclude, in shrt, in a wrd等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
4.与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所 讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比、转折、排比、并列、递进等关系。根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，
考向01-设空在段首
1.【2023届辽宁省沈阳市二中模拟试题】
___
It’s easy t give in when yur children are lsing their tempers. But each time yu give them what they want, yu teach yur children that their unacceptable acts are an effective way t get their needs met. If yu want t raise mentally strng kids, stick t yur limits.
A．Giving in t misbehavir
B．Keeping t yur principles
C．Teach them nt t give up dreams easily
D．Kids tend t have a wide variety f emtins
E．Therefre, set limits n what yu give yur children
F．Yu may think it’s cute t spend mre mney n yur children
G．They are als mre likely t struggle with self- cnfidence issues
【答案】A
【解析】根据下文“It’s easy t give in when yur children are lsing their tempers. But each time yu give them what they want, yu teach yur children that their unacceptable acts are an effective way t get their needs met. If yu want t raise mentally strng kids, stick t yur limits. (当你的孩子发脾气时，你很容易屈服。但每次你给他们想要的东西，你都会教育你的孩子，他们不可接受的行为是满足他们需求的有效途径。如果你想培养心智健全的孩子，就要坚持自己的极限)”可知，这里指出父母向孩子的要求屈服的不当做法。选项A“向不当行为屈服”和下文意思一致。故选A。
2.【2023·辽宁省沈阳市二中模拟试题】
___
It’s easy t give in when yur children are lsing their tempers. But each time yu give them what they want, yu teach yur children that their unacceptable acts are an effective way t get their needs met. If yu want t raise mentally strng kids, stick t yur limits.
A．Giving in t misbehavir
B．Keeping t yur principles
C．Teach them nt t give up dreams easily
D．Kids tend t have a wide variety f emtins
E．Therefre, set limits n what yu give yur children
F．Yu may think it’s cute t spend mre mney n yur children
G．They are als mre likely t struggle with self- cnfidence issues
【答案】A
【解析】根据下文“It’s easy t give in when yur children are lsing their tempers. But each time yu give them what they want, yu teach yur children that their unacceptable acts are an effective way t get their needs met. If yu want t raise mentally strng kids, stick t yur limits. (当你的孩子发脾气时，你很容易屈服。但每次你给他们想要的东西，你都会教育你的孩子，他们不可接受的行为是满足他们需求的有效途径。如果你想培养心智健全的孩子，就要坚持自己的极限)”可知，这里指出父母向孩子的要求屈服的不当做法。选项A“向不当行为屈服”和下文意思一致。故选A。
考向02-设空在段中
1.【2023·吉林省长春吉大附中实验学校模拟试题】
Dn’t watch r read scary cntent befre bed.
Images-frm any exciting r disturbing cntent yu watch befre bed can appear in yur dreams. 164 Reading the news media and then hpping int bed is mre likely t give rise t upsetting dreams than lking thrugh pictures frm yur last vacatin with yur family.
A．Use a white nise machine.
B．Practice stress-relieving activities.
C．A healthy sleep rutine begets sund sleep.
D．Instead, try herbal teas and ther drinks aiding sleep.
E．Hw can we reduce nightmares and imprve ur sleep?
F．During the pandemic, even ur everyday lives are lking pretty scary, t.
G．Dreams and rapid eye mvement sleep is essential fr memry imprvement.
【答案】F
【解析】根据上文提示“Images-frm any exciting r disturbing cntent yu watch befre bed can appear in yur dreams.”（睡前观看的任何令人兴奋或不安的内容都会出现在你的梦中。）可知，睡觉前看那些好的或不好的消息都会出现在你的梦中，再根据下文提示“Reading the news media and then hpping int bed is mre likely t give rise t upsetting dreams than lking thrugh pictures frm yur last vacatin with yur family.”（阅读新闻媒体，然后跳到床上，比浏览上次和家人度假的照片更容易引发令人不安的梦。）可知，阅读这些新闻使你不安，这说明阅读的新闻是不好的消息，由此可知，F项“During the pandemic, even ur everyday lives are lking pretty scary, t.”（在大流行病期间，甚至我们的日常生活看起来也相当可怕。）符合，引起下文，新闻媒体播放的那些消息正是疫情期间那些人们可怕的生活，即下文“the news media”内容指的是“even ur everyday lives are lking pretty scary”。故选F。
2.【2023·第八届湖北省高三4月调研】
The first cnsequence was quite amazing—On the first day in the ffice withut my phne, I was thinking mre deeply and cncentrating mre. I rediscvered my brain!____37____Anther cnsequence was that I actually talked t peple mre and felt mre cnnected t them. I realized I was being mre respnsive t their news and sympathetic t their prblems because I wasn’t cnstantly checking my phne. ____38____Their kindness made me feel welcme, and I discvered my brain has very gd GPS!
At the very beginning, I was wrried that I wuld be bred withut my phne, but actually I enjyed it—I’d frgtten hw much I lve bks and newspapers.____39____And I als sensed that I slept s much better and felt mre awake in the mrning.
A．Wuld I survive?
B．What’s the prblem?
C．Yu never knw, yu may becme smarter!
D．Withut a phne at hand I was mre prductive.
E．Reading everyday made me feel a lt mre special.
F．I’m a lt mre careful abut hw much I use it nw.
G．Anther day I was in a new city and I asked peple fr directins.
37．D根据上文“On the first day in the ffice withut my phne, I was thinking mre deeply and cncentrating mre. I rediscvered my brain!”和下文“Anther cnsequence was that I actually talked t peple mre and felt mre cnnected t them.”可知，下文提到了另一个结果——与人交往更多。由此推知，空处应承接上文，讲述没有智能手机在工作方面给作者带来的好处。D项“没有手机干扰，我的工作效率更高”符合语境，由于思维集中，工作效率更高。故选D。
38．G根据下文“Their kindness made me feel welcme, and I discvered my brain has very gd GPS!(他们的友善让我感到受欢迎，我发现我的大脑有很好的GPS！)”中的GPS推知，空处提到了一群帮作者指路的人。G项“另一天，我在一个新城市，向人们问路”符合语境，下文their指代选项中提到的peple。故选G。
39．E根据上文“At the very beginning, I was wrried that I wuld be bred withut my phne, but actually I enjyed it—I’d frgtten hw much I lve bks and newspapers.”可知，没了手机作者可以通过阅读书和报纸来度过。由此推知，空处应陈述和阅读有关的内容。E项“每天读书让我感觉更特别”符合语境，reading呼应上文的bks and newspapers。故选E。
考向03-设空在段尾
1.【2023·安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
Gather yur infrmatin.
There’s lts f it ut there, s having a clear idea f yur questin will help yu determine what’s relevant. If yu’re trying t decide n a diet t imprve yur nutritin, yu may ask an expert fr their advice, r seek ther peple’s pinins.____37____
A．Explre ther pints f view.
B．Apply the infrmatin cllected.
C．In ther wrds, get t knw what yu’re lking fr.
D．Then what abut the lng-term envirnmental effects?
E．But it can help us increase the number f psitive chices we make.
F．Therefre, ask yurself abut what interests yu mst and what is needed.
G．It helps yu weigh different ptins, mving yu clser t a wiser decisin.
37．G上文“If yu’re trying t decide n a diet t imprve yur nutritin, yu may ask an expert fr their advice, r seek ther peple’s pinins.(如果你正试图决定饮食来改善你的营养，你可以向专家征求他们的建议，或者寻求其他人的意见。)”可知，要收集建议。G项“It helps yu weigh different ptins, mving yu clser t a wiser decisin. (它帮助你衡量不同的选择，让你更明智地做出决定。)”中it指代上文中的“ask an expert fr their advice, r seek ther peple’s pinins”，故选G。
2.【2023届福建省高三联合测评试题】
● Send e-mails instead f traditinal mail.
Traditinal, psted mails require a lt f paper. There are als sme ther disadvantages t traditinal mail. E-mails have a few advantages, including being delivered much quicker than traditinal mail, the ability t be sent t ne persn r a larger grup, and being able t send them at any time.
A．Taking care f the Earth is everyne’s jb.
B．Yu culd use nte app r wrd prcessr t d this.
C．Using ld newspapers is a great, ec-friendly way t wrap gifts.
D．Yu culd als text r call smene as ppsed t sending traditinal mail.
E．The back f a piece f paper can be used fr things like drafts r ther ntes.
F．It takes a lt less energy t recycle paper than t make sme frm raw material.
G．Traditinal mail is perhaps ne f the mst exciting ways t hear frm smene.
【答案】D
【解析】本段的标题是“Send e-mails instead f traditinal mail. (用电子邮件代替传统信件。)”可知，根据D项的关键词“traditinal mail”提示，D项：Yu culd als text r call smene as ppsed t sending traditinal mail. (你也可以发短信或打电话，而不是发送传统的邮件。) 符合语境。故选D。
段首主旨句易错陷阱
段首句一般考查文章或段落的主题。首先应当采取形似原则，观察与其他段落首句是否出现相同结构，一般考查祈使句的相同结构居多。其次应当研读上一段的内容，尤其是上一段结尾的内容，结合本段内容，看选项是否符合逻辑上的紧密衔接。
1.【广东省七校联合体2023-2024学年高三联考试题】
Write ut yur gals. Be detailed, be clear, and include yur steps. Writing them dwn tends t make them a little mre real.Keep yur list in a place where yu can get infrmed frequently. This will help keep yu mtivated.
20 Yu may find yurself set in yur ways cncerning brad life gals, but take the time t reevaluate yur smaller gals. Are yu accmplishing them accrding t yur timeline?Are they still necessary t keep yu n track twards yur larger life gals? Allw yurself the flexibility (灵活性) t make sme small changes t yur gals.
A．Adjust yur gals.
B．Track and measure yur prgress.
C．Having a plan will help push yu ahead.
D．Writing them dwn tends t make them a little mre real.
E．Here are sme imprtant ideas that yu may find helpful.
F．Cnsider what yu hpe t achieve in 10, 15, r 20 years.
G．Remember that yu may need t break large gals int smaller gals.
易错分析：1.不关注第二句的解释与主题句之前的联系。2.受第四句原词track的影响易误选B。
【答案】A
【解析】根据本段中“Yu may find yurself set in yur ways cncerning brad life gals, but take the time t reevaluate yur smaller gals.(你可能会发现自己在大的人生目标上设定了自己的方式，但要花时间重新评估你的小目标)”和“Allw yurself the flexibility(灵活性) t make sme small changes t yur gals.(给自己一些灵活性，对你的目标做一些小的改变)”可知，本段是说要灵活调整目标，故A项“调整你的目标”符合语境。故选A。
【2023上·山东青岛·高三统考期中】
Reading is ne f the mst imprtant language skills because we use it t expand ur vcabulary and imprve the way we speak, write and listen. 37 Seeing new ways t say things can help yur understanding f English and imprve nt nly yur reading, but als yur ther language skills.
A．Unfrtunately, there is n easy way t d this.
B．Unlike listening, reading allws us t take ur time.
C．Amng the fur skills, listening is the mst imprtant ne.
D．It is hped that yu will lve reading and imprve yur reading skills.
E．When we read, we can see hw things are said, frm sentence structure t expressin.
F．If we d nt, we will nt be able t understand what the entire article r stry is abut.
G．Once we understand what the wrds mean, we need t figure ut what the message is.
【答案】E
【解析】根据后文“Seeing new ways t say things can help yur understanding f English and imprve nt nly yur reading, but als yur ther language skills.(看到新的表达方式可以帮助你理解英语，不仅可以提高你的阅读能力，还可以提高你的其他语言技能。)”可知，此处是指在进行英语阅读时要注意分析和学习，所以选项E“当我们阅读时，我们可以看到事情是如何说的，从句子结构到表达。”切合文意。故选E。
3.【2023上·江苏连云港·高三统考期中】
At the age f 18, we becme adults and are given the right t vte, t travel the wrld and t pursue ur dreams. At 60, we enter a new phase f life. It marks the start f retirement fr mst f us. There are 42 years between these tw majr phases. Interestingly, the number 42 is als assciated with marathns, which cver42 km. 36 Let’s explre.
It takes time t prepare.
T run a full marathn, yu need t train hard fr mnths and even years, slwly building yur endurance(耐力). The same ges fr building a savings pl fr retirement. 37 S, if yu’re thinking abut saving fr retirement, dn’t hesitate! Get started tday.
A．It makes sense t cver every aspect.
B．Starting small and starting yung is essential.
C．Preparing fr the race requires mre than just physical training.
D．Take yur time t dream big and plan carefully yur retirement.
E．The key is t find what wrks best fr yu and remain cmmitted t it.
F．If s, take a page ut f the marathn runner’s playbk and begin training.
G．Are there lessns in training and running a marathn- that can be applied t retirement planning?
【答案】36．G 37．B
【解析】36．根据前文“There are 42 years between these tw majr phases. Interestingly, the number 42 is als assciated with marathns, which cver42 km.(这两个主要阶段之间相隔42年。有趣的是，42这个数字也与马拉松有关，全程42公里)”可知，此处指出从成年到退休是42年，马拉松全程也是42公里，二者之间是否有相关之处，后文应对此进行说明。G选项“Are there lessns in training and running a marathn- that can be applied t retirement planning?(在训练和跑马拉松中，有什么经验可以应用到退休计划中吗？)”承接前文内容，提出疑问即马拉松的训练是否有什么经验可以应用到退休的计划中，符合语境。故选G。
37．根据前文“T run a full marathn, yu need t train hard fr mnths and even years, slwly building yur endurance (耐力). The same ges fr building a savings pl fr retirement. (要跑完全程马拉松，你需要几个月甚至几年的艰苦训练，慢慢建立你的耐力。为退休建立一个储蓄池也是如此)”可知，跑马拉松则需要几个月甚至几年的艰苦训练，慢慢地建立耐力，退休也是如此需要为自己建立储蓄池，因此后文应该提出如何建立自己的储蓄池。B选项“Starting small and starting yung is essential.(从小处做起，从小时做起是至关重要的。)”承接前文，指出通过从小处做起，从小时做起才能够建立自己的储蓄池，符合语境。故选B。
（2023上·河北廊坊·高三河北省文安县第一中学校联考期中）
Research suggests that parental favuritism is surprisingly cmmn, and can actually be very harmful. 1 . Widespread as it is, it can damage children’s well-being acrss the lifespan, frm their childhd t middle age and beynd. It is cnsidered such an imprtant factr in a range f emtinal prblems that psychlgists have a name fr it—“parental differential treatment”.
Hwever, siblings (兄弟姐妹) in the same family may disagree ver whether their family is even affected by it. 2 . Laurie Kramer, a prfessr f applied psychlgy says, “It is an experience that a parent prefers anther child t them.” She adds, “ 3 . It pssibly means less cntrl, s that they may enjy fewer restrictins and be subject t less discipline r even punishment.”
4 . Such perceived parental favuritism has been assciated with lw self-esteem in children, as well as childhd anxiety, depressin, and behaviural prblems. There may als be a knck-n effect n emtinal well-being that causes mre indirect prblems.
In a small Canadian study f eight hmeless teenagers, seven said they felt that their parents had favured a sibling ver them while they had always been the “prblem children”. 5 . While the study may be t small t draw wider cnclusins, it highlights just hw far a child’s experience f favuritism can ptentially g.
A．Being the favurite can als cme with pain
B．That’s because feeling less-favured can be very subjective
C．This culd mean devting mre time, attentin r affectin
D．They believed this had cntributed t the breakdwn f family ties
E．This may nt be the same bservatin that the ther siblings encunter
F．Fr thse wh feel they are treated as secnd-best, the cnsequences can be serius
G．It ccurs in arund 65% f families, and has been studied acrss different cultures
【答案】1．G 2．B 3．C 4．F 5．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了家长的偏爱会对孩子产生不良的影响。
1．上文“Research suggests that parental favuritism is surprisingly cmmn, and can actually be very harmful. (研究表明，父母的偏爱非常普遍，而且实际上可能非常有害。)”说明父母的偏爱既普遍又有害，选项G“它发生在大约65%的家庭中，并且已经在不同的文化中进行了研究”承接上文，具体说明它的普遍性。选项中It指上文中parental favuritism，语义一致，故选G项。
2．上文“Hwever, siblings (兄弟姐妹) in the same family may disagree ver whether their family is even affected by it. (然而，同一家庭的兄弟姐妹可能会对他们的家庭是否受到偏爱的影响意见不一。)”说明同一家庭的兄弟姐妹会对家庭偏爱的影响意见不一，这是孩子的主观意识。选项B“那是因为感觉不那么受欢迎是非常主观的”承接上文，和上文之间是因果关系。故选B项。
3．上文“It is an experience that a parent prefers anther child t them. (这是一种父母更喜欢另一个孩子而不是自己的经历。)”谈到偏爱的经历，选项C“这可能意味着投入更多的时间、精力或感情”承接上文，是对这种经历的具体说明，所谓偏爱意味着父母对某个孩子投入更多。故选C项。
4．下文“Such perceived parental favuritism has been assciated with lw self-esteem in children, as well as childhd anxiety, depressin, and behaviural prblems. (这种感知到的父母偏袒与儿童的低自尊、儿童焦虑、抑郁和行为问题有关。)”说明了孩子不受待见的不良后果，选项F“对于那些觉得自己被置于次要位置的人来说，后果可能很严重”引领下文，说明父母偏爱对于被认为自己不是父母的最爱的孩子有严重后果。故选F项。
5．上文“In a small Canadian study f eight hmeless teenagers, seven said they felt that their parents had favured a sibling ver them while they had always been the ‘prblem children’. (在加拿大对8名无家可归的青少年进行的一项小型研究中，有7人表示，他们觉得自己的父母更偏爱兄弟姐妹，而他们一直是‘问题儿童’。)”说明一些无家可归的青少年之所以离开家庭是因为他们认为父母偏爱其他兄弟姐妹，选项D“他们认为这导致了家庭关系的破裂”承接上文，说明他们认为父母偏爱导致了家庭破裂。故选D项。
（2023上·陕西榆林·高三校考期中）
Mving yur bdy regularly and ften is a key t gd health. But fr peple wh dn’t feel the urge t exercise, sitting can becme a habit that hurts the bdy and the brain. Here are sme easy tips that will invite mre mvement int yur rutines.
Budget in sme mbile breaks.
6 Fr example, fr every hur that yu’re sitting, yu might expect yurself t get up fr 10 minutes and mve arund. Schls and wrkplaces can be creative abut building thse breaks int the day.
Give yurself prmpts (提示).
Are yu frgetting t get up? 7 Let it remind yu t “break up” an hur f sitting with shrt breaks fr smething simple, says Aarn Kandla at University Cllege Lndn. Fr example, yu might use the shrt break t empty the dishwasher r pick up the dg’s tys.
8
“If it’s nice weather, yu shuld surely get ut fr a walk,” says Tatiana Warren f Just TATI in Baltimre. If the weather is bad, plan fr ther ptins. Yu can dance arund the rm r jg in place a bit. 9 Fr example, the Lake Cunty YMCA in Ohi has free 8-t 12-minute kids’ yga vides. Their themes include Star Wars, dinsaurs and the jungle.
Use the partner system.
Wrk with friends t remind each ther t stand up and stretch. Or remind each ther t stand when yu’re n the phne. Get yur family invlved, t. Warren says her cusins’ family likes t play bard games. But they ften stand t reach fr smething r even jump during the games. 10
A．Seek fr challenges.
B．Wrk with what yu have.
C．Set an alarm clck if yu have t.
D．Or try shrt nline exercise vides.
E．N ne sits still fr lng, she says.
F．Make a cnscius effrt and set simple gals
G．Exercise vides help them t realize their health gals
【答案】6．F 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。久坐不利于身体健康，因此我们应该多运动。本文主要介绍了四条如何在日常生活中多动少坐的建议。
【详解】1.根据本标题“Budget in sme mbile breaks.”（一些移动休息时间的预算。）可知，本段主要介绍要多给自己移动休息的时间， 下文“Fr example, fr every hur that yu’re sitting, yu might expect yurself t get up fr 10 minutes and mve arund.”（例如，你坐着的每一个小时，你可能希望自己起床10分钟并且四处走动。）举例子说明要设定一些目标，F项“有意识地努力并设定简单的目标”符合。故选F。
2. 根据本段的小标题“Give yurself prmpts (提示).”（给自己一些提示）及空后“Let it remind yu t ‘break up’ an hur f sitting with shrt breaks fr smething simple...”（让它提醒你为了一些简单的事情“打破”一个小时的坐着和短暂的休息）可知，要给自己一些提示，空处应该具体介绍下文的“it”，C项“如果有必要的话，你可以设置一个闹钟”符合，这是一种提示，下文it代指选项中an alarm clck。故选C。
3. 根据本段的内容““If it’s nice weather, yu shuld surely get ut fr a walk,” says Tatiana Warren f Just TATI in Baltimre. If the weather is bad, plan fr ther ptins. Yu can dance arund the rm r jg in place a bit. ”（巴尔的摩Just TATI的塔蒂亚娜•沃伦(Tatiana Warren)表示: “如果天气不错，你肯定应该出去散散步。”如果天气不好，计划其他选择。你可以在房间里跳舞或者原地慢跑。）可知，本段主要讲述在现有的条件下尽可能运动，故B项“ 利用你所拥有的。”符合本段主题。故选B。
4. 下文“Fr example, the Lake Cunty YMCA in Ohi has free 8-t 12-minute kids’ yga vides. Their themes include Star Wars, dinsaurs and the jungle.”（例如，俄亥俄州的莱克县基督教青年会(Lake Cunty YMCA)就有8到12分钟的免费儿童瑜伽视频。他们的主题包括星球大战，恐龙和丛林。）举例说明可以在网上看一些有关运动的视频，D项“或者可以尝试网上的运动短视频”符合。故选D。
5. 根据空前“Warren says her cusins’ family likes t play bard games. But they ften stand t reach fr smething r even jump during the games.”（沃伦说她表亲的家人喜欢玩棋类游戏。但是他们经常站着去拿东西，甚至在比赛中跳起来。）可知，沃伦的家人不会一动不动地一直坐着，E项“她说没有人长时间一动不动地坐着”符合。故选E。
（2023上·山东日照·高三山东省日照实验高级中学校联考期中）
When peple first cme acrss the Law f Attractin (吸引力法则), their hearts and minds ften immediately think f ne specific thing that they’d lve t achieve in their lives. Hwever, the next thught is ften “But I can’t d that”. Yu may cme up with all kinds f excuses. 11 Here are the reasns why yu shuld believe yu can use the Law f Attractin t btain whatever yu want.
Small steps create big changes. One f the mst cmmn reasns fr abandning dreams is that they simply seem t huge t realize. Usually it’s manageable t think f fllwing yur dream as taking a series f significant but small steps. 12 Then lk at each f them. Nt s unrealistic nw, is it?
13 When peple are interviewed n their deathbeds r write abut their lives in autbigraphies (自传), it is ften bserved that majr regrets tend t relate t things that were nt dne. In lder age, it’s likely that yu will be uncmfrtable with the idea that yu didn’t even try t d the thing that yu lved r attempt t btain what yu truly wanted. 14 But yu dn’t ever need t feel this way! Make tday the first day f yur new jurney twards aviding regret.
Steps twards yur dream are never backwards steps. Anther cmmn wrry is that if yu fllw yur dreams, yu’ll be “taking steps back”. 15 Hwever, what lks like backward steps in yur ld life can mre prductively and accurately be seen as frwarding steps in the brand new life yu’re creating.
A．Yu can avid regret.
B．It is n use regretting it.
C．Luckily, the truth is that it’s never t late t fllw yur dream.
D．It ften cmes up when peple are at the tp f careers they hate.
E．It is painful t feel like yu haven’t ever fund yur true purpse.
F．Fr example, challenge yurself t write dwn the path t success in ten stages.
G．Yu have enugh life experience and knwledge t pursue yur dream.
【答案】11．C 12．F 13．A 14．E 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几种可以让你保持追逐梦想的方法和建议。
11．根据上文“Yu may cme up with all kinds f excuses.”（你可能会想出各种各样的借口。）提到不想付诸行动的各种借口。以及下文“Here are the reasns why yu shuld believe yu can use the Law f Attractin t btain whatever yu want.”（下面是为什么你应该相信你可以利用吸引力法则得到你想要的任何东西的原因。）提到建议和方法。结合选项C项Luckily, the truth is that it’s never t late t fllw yur dream.（幸运的是，事实是，追逐梦想永远不会太晚。）可知，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯，符合语境。故选C项。
12．根据上文“Usually it’s manageable t think f fllwing yur dream as taking a series f significant but small steps.”（通常情况下，你可以把追求梦想看成是一系列重要而又小的步骤。）说明把追求梦想看成重要而又小的步骤。结合选项F项Fr example, challenge yurself t write dwn the path t success in ten stages.（例如，挑战自己，把通往成功的道路分为十个阶段。）为具体举例解释这一方法，和上文内容意思一致，为上文内容的语意递进。故选F项。
13．由该题为段落小标题可知，为总结该段内容。该段下文“When peple are interviewed n their deathbeds r write abut their lives in autbigraphies (自传), it is ften bserved that majr regrets tend t relate t things that were nt dne. In lder age, it’s likely that yu will be uncmfrtable with the idea that yu didn’t even try t d the thing that yu lved r attempt t btain what yu truly wanted.”（当人们在弥留之际接受采访，或在自传中讲述他们的生活时，我们常常发现，主要的遗憾往往与没有做过的事情有关。在年老的时候，你很可能会因为你甚至没有尝试做你喜欢的事情或试图获得你真正想要的东西而感到不舒服。）可知，讲的是遗憾往往与没有做过的事情有关。结合选项A项Yu can avid regret.（你可以避免后悔。）意思一致，都是讲的关于如何止让自己避免后悔的内容，为总结该段内容。故选A项。
14．根据上文“In lder age, it’s likely that yu will be uncmfrtable with the idea that yu didn’t even try t d the thing that yu lved r attempt t btain what yu truly wanted.”（在年老的时候，你很可能会因为你甚至没有尝试做你喜欢的事情或试图获得你真正想要的东西而感到不舒服。）提到没有尝试做你喜欢的事情或试图获得你真正想要的东西。以及下文“But yu dn’t ever need t feel this way!”（但是你不需要有这种感觉！）结合选项E项It is painful t feel like yu haven’t ever fund yur true purpse.（感觉自己还没有找到自己真正的目标是很痛苦的。）可知，为对上文内容的语意递进，同时引起下文，下文中提到的feel this way（这种感觉）指的就是该句中的内容。上下文语意连贯，符合语境。故选E项。
15．根据上文“Anther cmmn wrry is that if yu fllw yur dreams, yu’ll be “taking steps back”.”（另一个常见的担忧是，如果你追随梦想，你会“后退一步”。）说明追随梦想，你会“后退一步”的这种担忧。以及下文“Hwever, what lks like backward steps in yur ld life can mre prductively and accurately be seen as frwarding steps in the brand new life yu’re creating.”（然而，在你的旧生活中，那些看起来像是倒退的步骤，可以更有效、更准确地被视为你正在创造的全新生活中的前进步骤。）为转折说明这些担忧可能是创造的全新生活中的前进步骤。结合选项D项It ften cmes up when peple are at the tp f careers they hate.（当人们处于自己讨厌的职业巅峰时，这种情况就会出现。）可知，和上下文内容紧密连接，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
（2023上·广东·高三金山中学校联考期中）
Teenagers are spending mre mney than ever. Just last year, 31.6 millin teens spent 155 billin, accrding t the Nrth-brk, Illinis-based market research grup Teenage Research Unlimited. 16
Shcked at hw much mney kids spend? Maybe yu haven’t checked the price tags lately n sme f the yunger generatin’s must-haves. T sme, such luxurius spending n the changeable yung might seem unbearable. 17 Timthy Marshall, an assciate prfessr f develpmental psychlgy at Christpher Newprt University in Virginia, analyzed the widespread phenmenn after sme research.
One factr is surely the sheer pwer f marketing thrugh mass media. Teenagers are expsed t an estimated 3,000 advertisements each day. Cmbine the ads with prgramming itself, like the fashin-, music- and skin-filled shws n MTV, and yu’ve gt a large number f messages telling kids what they shuld wn if they want t fit in.
Many wrking parents prbably cmpensate by spending mney n their kids. 18 But als, spending mney is ften mre cnvenient in ur fast-paced sciety than ging t baseball games r ther activities.
Fr many families, f curse, keeping up with their children’s cstly demands fr designer clthing, CDs, and cncert tickets is a financial impssibility. Marshall says, even fr thse families wh can affrd such luxurius spending, striking a cmprmise between spiling the kids and denying them is tricky, but pssible.
19 Instead f just giving children the tys r clthing they desire, give them an allwance and shw them hw they can save up fr whatever they want. And dn’t be afraid t just say n. Mst f the parents are wrking nine-t-five r even wrking vertime t make ends meet. Therefre, shulder the respnsibility f instructing the kids t tell right frm wrng, and develping healthy habits f spending mney is f great imprtance. 20
A．Why d sme parents give in?
B．Hw did they persuade parents t pay?
C．Teaching kids hw t budget and save is key.
D．Kids shuldn’t always take mney fr granted.
E．Much f that mney, f curse, cmes frm parents.
F．We need t step up and tell kids where the bundaries are.
G．There is prbably sme guilt invlved in nt spending enugh time at hme.
【答案】16．E 17．A 18．G 19．C 20．F
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了父母给青少年大量零花钱来满足他们的消费习惯这一现象并给出相关建议。
16．根据上文“Teenagers are spending mre mney than ever. Just last year, 31.6 millin teens spent 155 billin, accrding t the Nrth-brk, Illinis-based market research grup Teenage Research Unlimited.(青少年比以往任何时候都花更多的钱。据总部位于伊利诺伊州诺斯布鲁克的市场研究机构“青少年无限研究”称，仅去年一年，就有3160万青少年消费了1550亿美元)”可知，上文提到青少年比过去花了更多的钱，并列举了数据。根据下文中提到的青少年花钱的原因与父母有关以及父母该怎么做，需引出钱是父母的。故E选项“当然，这些钱大部分来自父母”符合语境，故选E。
17．根据上文“Shcked at hw much mney kids spend? Maybe yu haven’t checked the price tags lately n sme f the yunger generatin’s must-haves. T sme, such luxurius spending n the changeable yung might seem unbearable.(孩子们花这么多钱震惊了吗？也许你最近没有看过一些年轻一代必备品的价格标签。对一些人来说，在多变的年轻人身上如此奢侈的消费似乎难以忍受)”可知，第二段讲到一些奢侈的花销是不可忍受的，但家长仍然付钱了，结合下文“Timthy Marshall, an assciate prfessr f develpmental psychlgy at Christpher Newprt University in Virginia, analyzed the widespread phenmenn after sme research.(蒂莫西·马歇尔(Timthy Marshall)是弗吉尼亚州克里斯托弗·纽波特大学(Christpher Newprt University)发展心理学副教授，经过一些研究后，他分析了这一普遍现象)”表明教授对于这一现象做出研究，故本句设问提出：为什么父母会允许孩子花这么多钱。故A选项“为什么有些父母会让步？”符合语境，故选A。
18．根据上文“Many wrking parents prbably cmpensate by spending mney n their kids.(许多有工作的父母可能会把钱花在孩子身上作为补偿)”以及后文“But als, spending mney is ften mre cnvenient in ur fast-paced sciety than ging t baseball games r ther activities.(而且，在我们这个快节奏的社会里，花钱往往比参加棒球比赛或其他活动更方便)”可知，本段主要讲家长为孩子花钱的一个原因——心理补偿。故G选项“没有足够的时间待在家里可能会有负罪感”符合语境，说明补偿的原因。故选G。
19．根据后文“Instead f just giving children the tys r clthing they desire, give them an allwance and shw them hw they can save up fr whatever they want. And dn’t be afraid t just say n. Mst f the parents are wrking nine-t-five r even wrking vertime t make ends meet. Therefre, shulder the respnsibility f instructing the kids t tell right frm wrng, and develping healthy habits f spending mney is f great imprtance.(不要只给孩子想要的玩具或衣服，给他们零花钱，告诉他们如何攒钱买他们想要的东西。不要害怕说不。大多数父母都是朝九晚五的工作，甚至加班来维持生计。因此，肩负起教育孩子辨别是非的责任，培养健康的花钱习惯是非常重要的)”可知，本段主要讲家长应如何解决孩子花钱过多的问题：给零花钱但教会孩子省着花钱。 本空在段首，为全段的总起句，C选项的budget（谨慎花钱）与本段大意呼应。故C选项“教孩子如何谨慎花钱和储蓄是关键。”符合语境，故选C。
20．根据上文“Therefre, shulder the respnsibility f instructing the kids t tell right frm wrng, and develping healthy habits f spending mney is f great imprtance.(因此，肩负起教育孩子辨别是非的责任，培养健康的花钱习惯是非常重要的)”可知，本段主要讲家长应如何解决孩子花钱过多的问题，得出结论：家长要承担引导孩子、培养良好习惯。F选项中we指代parents，故F选项“我们需要站出来，告诉孩子们界限在哪里”符合语境，故选F。
（2023上·浙江·高三台州中学校联考期中）
It can be hard t stay mtivated when yu are n a training plan and this can lead t yu missing essential sessins. 21 Luckily, we have sme tried and tested mtivatinal tricks that will ensure yu keep running all year arund.
Run with a partner. If yu can, ask a friend t run with yu, as then yu have a reasn t g ut, even when yu dn’t want t. 22 Yu need smene wh will help yu ut f the dr n cld winter mrnings.
23 . A fast-track way t lse yur mtivatin is t always run the same rute ver and ver again. Mix it up by changing where yu run. Try a new rute and yu will fcus n things like hw yu are feeling rather than when yu hit the next lamppst r tree.
Mix up the training. 24 If yu usually g fr a lng, slw run n a Sunday mrning, why nt try a little sprint sessin instead? Yu can pick a landmark anywhere and run as fast as yu can until yu get t it, befre slwing dwn again t recver.
Listen t music. The race itself will have plenty f mtivatinal factrs t keep yu ging, with the crwds cheering and ther runners t cncentrate n, but if yu are ut n yur wn, yur favrite sng can really cheer yu up if yu’re feeling that lull (低谷期) cme ver yu. 25
A．Vary yur lcatins.
B．Stimulate yur mtivatin.
C．Yu als need t vary yur training patterns.
D．This is especially the case when it cmes t the cld mnths.
E．Make sure yu dn’t pick smene wh is likely t cancel n yu.
F．Sme music devices will help yu t stay mtivated and n target.
G．Music can help keep yu ging when the running gets a little tugh.
【答案】21．D 22．E 23．A 24．C 25．G
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些增强跑步动力的方法。
21．根据上文“It can be hard t stay mtivated when yu are n a training plan and this can lead t yu missing essential sessins. (当你在一个训练计划中很难保持动力，这可能会导致你错过重要的课程。)”可知，空格处应该进一步说明不利的条件。选项D. This is especially the case when it cmes t the cld mnths. (在寒冷的月份尤其如此。)说明的是不利的条件，承接上文；符合语境。故选D。
22．根据下文“Yu need smene wh will help yu ut f the dr n cld winter mrnings. (你需要有人在寒冷的冬天早晨帮你出门。)”可知，前面的句子应该是说要找一个适合的人一起跑步。选项E. Make sure yu dn’t pick smene wh is likely t cancel n yu. (确保你没有选择一个可能会取消你约会的人。)说明的是找一个合适的人，符合语境，引出下文。故选E。
23．根据下文“A fast-track way t lse yur mtivatin is t always run the same rute ver and ver again. Mix it up by changing where yu run. (让你失去动力的一个快速途径就是总是一遍又一遍地跑同样的路线。通过改变你跑步的地方来混合。)”可知，前面的句子应该是说要改变跑步的地点。选项A. Vary yur lcatins. (改变你的位置。)符合语境，能够作为本段的主题句。故选A。
24．根据上文“Mix up the training. (混合训练。)”为本段的主题句，可知，空格处应该进一步说明改变训练方式。选项C. Yu als need t vary yur training patterns. (你还需要改变你的训练模式。)符合语境，承接上文。故选C。
25．根据前文“The race itself will have plenty f mtivatinal factrs t keep yu ging, with the crwds cheering and ther runners t cncentrate n, but if yu are ut n yur wn, yur favrite sng can really cheer yu up if yu're feeling that lull(低谷期) cme ver yu. (比赛本身会有很多激励因素让你继续前进，人群会欢呼，其他选手也会集中精力，但如果你一个人出去，你最喜欢的歌曲真的可以让你振作起来，如果你感到平静。)”可知，空格处的句子应该是说音乐帮助度过低谷期有关的话题。选项G. Music can help keep yu ging when the running gets a little tugh. (当跑步变得有点艰难时，音乐可以帮助你继续前进。)承接上文，进一步说明音乐帮助度过低谷期。故选G。
（2023上·四川雅安·高三雅安中学校联考期中）
We’re frtunate t have access t the dynamic netwrk technlgy, which prvides rich resurces fr learning, cnnecting and entertaining urselves. 26 The same tl that can enhance ur wrk efficiency als has the pwer t trap us in a web f distractins (分心之事).
27 An astnishing 84.4% f us, n average, reprt being distracted at wrk. There are sme usual suspects. Emails steal the attentin f 26%. Phne calls and texts influence a massive 43%. Cwrkers shift the attentin f 27%. And the Internet, with its infinite surce f infrmatin and entertainment, distracts 41% f us. What’s mre, a survey reveals that an verwhelming 67% f wrkers say that their wrk is ften affected by the excessive time spent n meetings and calls.
These distractins are mre than mere annyances. 28 It is their lasting impact that makes it impssible fr us t fcus n any single task. In this way, they greatly reduce ur wrk efficiency.
A study ffers mre insight int ur struggle with distractins. It fund that ur brain waves pulsate (搏动) at different frequencies depending n the type f external stimuli. The rhythm is faster fr autmatic stimuli but slws dwn fr tasks we cnsciusly chse t fcus n. 29
Just think abut it: Yu’re invlved in a prject, and then yur phne receives a text message. 30 And regaining yur fcus might be harder than yu anticipate, The same ges fr that catchy news headline r an interesting scial media pst that catches yur eye-pulling yu away frm yur task and making yu lst in the sea f distractins.
A．But it is duble-edged.
B．Sme distractins can be avided.
C．Statistics reveal hw cmmn this issue is.
D．They’re als persistent and endless in getting ur attentin.
E．The sund f it is lud enugh t interrupt yur cncentratin.
F．Stimulating ur interest and increasing the speed f ur wrk are imprtant.
G．This makes maintaining fcus in the nisy wrld an ever-increasing challenge.
【答案】26．A 27．C 28．D 29．G 30．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了我们受到外界干扰的原因。
26．根据上文“We’re frtunate t have access t the dynamic netwrk technlgy, which prvides rich resurces fr learning, cnnecting and entertaining urselves.(我们有幸接触到动态的网络技术，它为我们学习、联系和娱乐提供了丰富的资源)”以及后文“The same tl that can enhance ur wrk efficiency als has the pwer t trap us in a web f distractins (分心之事).(同样的工具可以提高我们的工作效率，也有能力让我们陷入分心的网络中)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出网络技术的有利有弊。故A选项“但这是一把双刃剑”符合语境，故选A。
27．根据后文“An astnishing 84.4% f us, n average, reprt being distracted at wrk. There are sme usual suspects. Emails steal the attentin f 26%. Phne calls and texts influence a massive 43%. Cwrkers shift the attentin f 27%. And the Internet, with its infinite surce f infrmatin and entertainment, distracts 41% f us. What’s mre, a survey reveals that an verwhelming 67% f wrkers say that their wrk is ften affected by the excessive time spent n meetings and calls.(平均而言，84.4%的人在工作中分心，这一比例令人震惊。有一些常见的疑点。电子邮件抢走了26%的人的注意力。电话和短信影响了43%的人。同事转移了27%的注意力。而互联网，以其无限的信息和娱乐来源，分散了我们41%的注意力。此外，一项调查显示，高达67%的员工表示，他们的工作经常受到花在会议和电话上的过多时间的影响)”可知，本段主要通过具体的数据说明了员工容易被网络分心。故C选项“统计数据揭示了这个问题有多普遍”符合语境，故选C。
28．根据上文“These distractins are mre than mere annyances.(这些干扰不仅仅是烦恼)”可知，本句承接上文继续说明干扰的其他消极影响。故D选项“它们还会持续不断地吸引我们的注意力”符合语境，故选D。
29．根据上文“A study ffers mre insight int ur struggle with distractins. It fund that ur brain waves pulsate (搏动) at different frequencies depending n the type f external stimuli. The rhythm is faster fr autmatic stimuli but slws dwn fr tasks we cnsciusly chse t fcus n.(一项研究为我们与分心的斗争提供了更多的见解。研究发现，我们的脑电波以不同的频率脉动，这取决于外部刺激的类型。对于自动刺激，节奏更快，但对于我们有意识地选择关注的任务，节奏会减慢)”可知，上文提到了自动刺激会让我们节奏减慢，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文说明其带来的影响：使得在嘈杂的世界中保持专注成为一个越来越大的挑战。故G选项“这使得在嘈杂的世界中保持专注成为一个越来越大的挑战”符合语境，故选G。
30．根据上文“Just think abut it: Yu’re invlved in a prject, and then yur phne receives a text message.(试想一下：你正在参与一个项目，然后你的手机收到一条短信)”可知，上文提到收到了一条短信，故本句应说明短信给你带来的影响：打断你的注意力。故E选项“它的声音大到足以打断你的注意力”符合语境，故选E。
（2023上·四川成都·高三石室中学校考期中）
Studies have shwn that walking amng trees makes us relaxed. 31 There’s plenty f research shwing the link between being in nature and being happy, but mst f the research has fcused n adults.
32 Explaining the mtivatin behind the study, researchers nte that with envirnmental issues such as glbal warming, mre studies are fcusing n the relatinships between humans and nature t find slutins t these prblems, and the future f the planet lies in the hands f children and their actins. Hwever, few studies fcus n this aspect.
Fr the study, researchers wrked with 296 children between the ages f 9 and 12. T measure hw cnnected they were t nature, the kids were asked hw much they enjy activities like seeing wildflwers and wild animals, hearing sunds f nature and tuching animals and plants. 33 They als fund that the mre cncerned children were abut the envirnment and nature, the mre likely they were t be happy.
S expsure t nature is related t active behavirs and happiness f children. What des that mean t adults? As we all knw, children usually tend t fllw adults, especially their parents’ behavirs. 34 And if parents enjy being clse t nature, s will their children.
Researchers say that children need rle mdels wh can guide them t nature with excitement and an attitude f a lifelng learner. Parents dn’t have t be experts in envirnmental science r nature studies. 35
A．It’s s gd ging fr a walk arund trees.
B．Even just smelling the trees helps reduce anxiety.
C．That’s t say, when adults are utside and appreciate nature, kids learn by example.
D．What’s mre imprtant is that they spend time tgether with children explring nature.
E．They fund that the kids cnnected t nature were mre likely t behave actively.
F．In a new study, researchers wanted t see if kids get the same benefits frm being utdrs.
G．Researchers will study mre abut the cnnectin between children’s happiness and nature.
【答案】31．B 32．F 33．E 34．C 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了许多研究表明接近自然和快乐之间存在联系，但大多数研究都针对的是成年人，而一项新的研究关注的是儿童，这项研究表明接近和关心大自然的孩子更有可能变得积极和开心，而且孩子的行为受到父母影响。
31．前文“Studies have shwn that walking amng trees makes us relaxed.(研究表明，在树间散步使我们放松。)”讲述了研究表明林中散步有助于放松，空处应进一步进行说明，B项“即使只是闻一闻树也有助于减少焦虑。”符合题意，选项中的trees对应前文中的trees，“helps reduce anxiety”与前文中的“makes us relaxed”相对照。故选B。
32．第一段最后一句“There’s plenty f research shwing the link between being in nature and being happy, but mst f the research has fcused n adults.(有大量研究表明了生活在大自然中与快乐之间存在联系，但大多数研究都集中在成年人身上。)”指出关于自然与快乐之间关系的大多研究都关注的是成年人，后文“Explaining the mtivatin behind the study, researchers nte that with envirnmental issues such as glbal warming, mre studies are fcusing n the relatinships between humans and nature t find slutins t these prblems, and the future f the planet lies in the hands f children and their actins.(在解释这项研究背后的动机时，研究人员指出，随着全球变暖等环境问题的出现，越来越多的研究将重点放在人类与自然之间的关系上，以找到解决这些问题的方法，而地球的未来掌握在儿童及其行动的手中。)”讲述了进行这项研究是因为地球的未来掌握在儿童及其行动的手中，由此可知，空处讲述的是有一项研究关注的是儿童，F项“在一项新的研究中，研究人员想看看孩子们是否能从户外活动中获得同样的好处。”符合题意。故选F。
33．后文“They als fund that the mre cncerned children were abut the envirnment and nature, the mre likely they were t be happy.(他们还发现，孩子们越关心环境和自然，他们就越有可能快乐。)”讲述了研究人员还发现的现象，由此可知，空处讲述的应是研究人员的发现，E项“他们发现，与大自然有联系的孩子更有可能表现得更积极。”符合题意，选项中的“They fund”和后文中的“They als fund”对应。故选E。
34．前文“As we all knw, children usually tend t fllw adults, especially their parents’ behavirs.(众所周知，孩子通常倾向于跟随成年人，尤其是他们父母的行为。)”讲述了孩子会受到父母行为的影响，空处应对此进行进一步说明，C项“也就是说，当成年人在户外欣赏大自然时，孩子们会效仿榜样。”对前文进行解释说明。故选C。
35．前文“Parents dn’t have t be experts in envirnmental science r nature studies.(父母不必是环境科学或自然研究方面的专家。)”讲述了父母不需要成为专家，空处应讲述对孩子真正重要的事情，D项“更重要的是，他们花时间和孩子们一起探索大自然。”符合题意。故选D。
（2023上·江苏南通·高三海安高级中学校考期中）
“We are becming the peple we wanted t be,” Glria Steinem, a jurnalist and scial activist, declared in the 1970s. S have wmen really becme the peple they wanted t be? Yes. 36 And they are nurses, clerks, dctrs, scientists and s n. Fr a better understanding, here are sme true data abut wmen at wrk.
37
One f the great changes in gender equality is taking place in educatin. Mre wmen graduate frm high schl, attend and graduate frm cllege. In 1994, 63 percent f female high schl graduates and 61 percent f male high schl graduates were enrlled in cllege the fllwing fall, accrding t the Pew Research Center. By 2012, that number fr wmen jumped t 71 percent, but remained unchanged fr males, at 61 percent.
The wage gap between males and females is still existing.
Even as mre wmen are flding nt cllege campuses, here’s a disappinting trend. 38 But there still is a gap between their earnings and men’s earnings. Wmen in prfessinal specialty ccupatins earn 72.7 percent f what men in the same psitin earn.
Is there any place wmen earn the same as men?
N. Unfrtunately, there is n such place. But it can be t a wman’s advantage t wrk in a labr unin. 39 S, while there is a gap, it’s much less than in prfessins withut unins, where wmen make 72 percent f men’s incmes.
Wmen bring hme mre incme.
40 Over 40 percent f mms are nw the sle r primary surce f incme in U.S. husehlds. Wmen are nw the primary r c-mney-maker in nearly tw-thirds f American families and wrking married wmen bring hme 44 percent f their family incme.
A．Educatin is specially significant fr wmen.
B．Wmen are taking higher educatin by strm.
C．It is a fact that wmen climb higher in the wrk wrld nw.
D．An increasing number f wmen have jined the wrkfrce.
E．Mre than ever befre, wmen are the breadwinners in the husehld.
F．Tday, 30 percent f all the businesses are wned and perated by wmen.
G．Wmen wh wrk in uninized prfessins make 82 percent f men’s incmes.
【答案】36．D 37．B 38．C 39．G 40．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是关于职场女性的一些真实数据。
36．空后“And they are nurses, clerks, dctrs, scientists and s n.(她们是护士，职员，医生，科学家等等。)”说明女性有了各种各样的工作，D选项“An increasing number f wmen have jined the wrkfrce.(越来越多的妇女加入了劳动力队伍。)”说明越来越多人成为了劳动力，也就是有了工作，和空后内容一致，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选D。
37．空格处是本段小标题，由空后的“Mre wmen graduate frm high schl, attend and graduate frm cllege. In 1994, 63 percent f female high schl graduates and 61 percent f male high schl graduates were enrlled in cllege the fllwing fall, accrding t the Pew Research Center. By 2012, that number fr wmen jumped t 71 percent, but remained unchanged fr males, at 61 percent.(更多的女性从高中毕业，进入大学并从大学毕业。根据皮尤研究中心(Pew Research Center)的数据，1994年，63%的女性高中毕业生和61%的男性高中毕业生在第二年秋天进入大学。到2012年，女性的这一比例跃升至71%，但男性的这一比例保持不变，仍为61%。)”可知，本段主要讲的是女性受教育的比例越来越高，B选项“Wmen are taking higher educatin by strm.(女性正在像暴风雨一样接受高等教育。)”说明女性越来越多地接受高等教育，因此概括了本段内容，可作为小标题，故选B。
38．空后“But there still is a gap between their earnings and men’s earnings. Wmen in prfessinal specialty ccupatins earn 72.7 percent f what men in the same psitin earn.(但她们的收入与男性之间仍然存在差距。在专业领域，女性的收入是男性的72.7%。)”说明女性的收入比男性低，空后内容和空前是转折关系，因此空格处应该说一个比较好的现象，C选项“It is a fact that wmen climb higher in the wrk wrld nw.(事实上，现在女性在职场的地位越来越高。)”说明了女性在职场的地位越来越高，这是一个好事情，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选C。
39．空前“But it can be t a wman’s advantage t wrk in a labr unin.(但在工会工作对女性也有好处。)”说明在工会工作对女性有好处，空后“S, while there is a gap, it’s much less than in prfessins withut unins, where wmen make 72 percent f men’s incmes.(因此，虽然存在差距，但这比没有工会的职业要小得多，在没有工会的职业中，女性的收入是男性的72%。)”说明在没有工会的职业中，女性的收入是男性的72%，空格处应该具体说明好处体现在哪里，G选项“Wmen wh wrk in uninized prfessins make 82 percent f men’s incmes.(在有工会组织的行业工作的女性收入是男性收入的82%。)”说明在有工会组织的行业工作的女性收入是男性收入的82%，82%比72%高，这就体现了有工会的好处，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
40．空后“Over 40 percent f mms are nw the sle r primary surce f incme in U.S. husehlds.(超过40%的母亲现在是美国家庭的唯一或主要收入来源。)”说明了妇女成为了家庭唯一或主要收入来源，也就是成了养家的人，E选项“Mre than ever befre, wmen are the breadwinners in the husehld.(妇女比以往任何时候都更多地成为家庭的经济支柱。)”说明妇女越来越变成了家庭的经济支柱，也就是养家的人，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选E。
（2023上·江苏镇江·高三统考期中）
Living with self-dubt can be very challenging. It limits ptential and breaks mrale. Here are sme strategies that yu can use t vercme self-dubt.
● Self-cmpassin (自我同情) is the key.
We ften dubt urselves when we have the fear f lsing, but that is a grave mistake we make. Everyne will make mistakes at sme part in their lives, but we have t grw frm thse mistakes and transfrm them int a lessn.
Start yur day with sme psitivity, lk at yurself in the mirrr, and make sme psitive affirmatins (肯定). 41
● Reflect back t yur past achievements.
42 Self-reflectin is ne f the best tls t eliminate self-dubt. It makes yu remember that yu nce achieved smething great, and it makes yu believe that yu can achieve that level f success again thrugh cncentrated effrts. Learn frm yur mistakes and mve n, and yu are meant fr great things!
● 43
“Yu are knwn by the cmpany yu keep”, is ne f the best sayings t explain this strategy. We shuld be surrunded by peple that supprt and lve us, nt peple that cnstantly make us dubt urselves. Gd peple will help yu recver frm negative and stressful situatins.
●Seek prfessinal help if necessary.
44 This is the time when we shuld seek prfessinal help. Talk abut yur feelings ften, and let all the negative emtins ut, which will make yu feel a lt better.
● Start jurnaling events.
In life, there will cme many events that we are thankful fr, especially ur achievements. 45 This jurnaling f events will be really helpful when yu are dubting yurself.
A．Develp new friendships.
B．This will make yur day better!
C．They wn’t encurage yu t be better.
D．Always be in the cmpany f supprtive peple.
E．It is better t start keeping track r recrd f them.
F．Smetimes the situatin can becme t much t handle.
G．D yu remember the time when yu achieved smething remarikable?
【答案】41．B 42．G 43．D 44．F 45．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了克服自我怀疑的策略。
41．上文“Start yur day with sme psitivity, lk at yurself in the mirrr, and make sme psitive affirmatins (肯定).(以积极的态度开始你的一天，看着镜子里的自己，做出一些积极的肯定)”提到以积极的态度开始你的一天，B项“这会让你的一天更美好”说明上述做法的好处，故选B。
42．根据本段小标题“Reflect back t yur past achievements.(回顾你过去的成就)”以及空后一句“Self-reflectin is ne f the best tls t eliminate self-dubt.(自我反思是消除自我怀疑的最佳工具之一)”可知，本段是关于回顾过去的成就，G项“你还记得你取得非凡成就的时候吗？”符合语境，故选G。
43．空处为本段小标题，根据本段中“We shuld be surrunded by peple that supprt and lve us, nt peple that cnstantly make us dubt urselves.(我们应该和支持我们、爱我们的人在一起，而不是那些不断让我们怀疑自己的人)”可知，本段是说我们要和积极的人在一起，D项“永远和支持你的人在一起”符合主题，故选D。
44．根据空后“This is the time when we shuld seek prfessinal help.(这是我们应该寻求专业帮助的时候)”可知，空处是描述需要帮助的情况，F项“有时情况会变得难以处理”符合语境，故选F。
45．根据本段主题句“Start jurnaling events.(开始记录事件)”可知，本段是说记录下生活中的事情，结合上文“In life, there will cme many events that we are thankful fr, especially ur achievements.(在生活中，我们会遇到许多值得感激的事情，尤其是我们取得的成就)”可知，空处应是承接上文，讲述把值得感激的事情记录下来，E项“最好开始跟踪或记录它们”符合语境，E项中的“them”指代上文的“events”，故选E。
（2023上·山东泰安·高三统考期中）
Breaking the Habit f Peple-Pleasing
If yu feel like yu may be a peple-pleaser, yu’re nt alne. Mst peple have a grwing desire fr pleasing thers. 46 It can als result in weak bundaries, prblems with decisin-making, and lw self-wrth. Fr that reasn, it’s imprtant t recgnize and vercme yur wn peple-pleasing behavirs. Here are simple exercises that yu can start wrking n tday.
1. Practice being alne
47 Trust that peple will nt abandn yu, even if yu dn’t drp everything fr them. Believe yu are lvable fr wh yu are, nt what yu d. Practice this by ging t a mvie r restaurant alne.
2. Keep plans with yurself
48 Otherwise, yu are sending a message t yur brain that a plan yu make with yurself des nt hld as much value as a plan yu make with smene else. Dn’t break any plans yu make with yurself, whether it’s ging t the gym r studying fr an exam.
3. Practice saying “n”
If yu’re a peple-pleaser yu may find it hard t say “n” because yu feel it cmes acrss as cruel r uncaring. 49 Be clear, be direct, and use “I” statements. Try statements like: “I wuld really lve t be able t help yu, but unfrtunately, I’m already cmmitted at that time.”
By cnsistently integrating these strategies int yur life, I’m cnfident yu’ll break yur peple-pleasing habits. 50 This will yield an verall imprvement in self-cnfidence and life satisfactin.
A．S it is nt necessary t say n.
B．But it abslutely des nt have t.
C．Learn t lve yur wn cmpany.
D．Yu’ll develp mre healthy, interdependent relatinships.
E．Yu are nt cnfident abut the plans yu make with yurself.
F．Yur wn plans are as imprtant as plans yu make with thers.
G．Peple-pleasing behavir can lead t mental and physical prblems.
【答案】46．G 47．C 48．F 49．B 50．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何改掉取悦别人这个不良习惯。
46．根据下文“It can als result in weak bundaries, prblems with decisin-making, and lw self-wrth. (它还可能导致边界薄弱、决策问题和自我价值低下)”中的als推知，空处与下文并列，同样陈述取悦他人带来的坏处。G项“取悦他人的行为会导致精神和身体问题”符合语境，与下文构成并列关系。故选G。
47．根据小标题“Practice being alne(练习独处)”可知，空处内容应与独处有关。C项“学会爱自己的陪伴”即独处，符合本段主旨，且在句式上与下文三个句子保持一致，都是祈使句。故选C。
48．根据小标题“Keep plans with yurself(为自己制定计划)”可知，空处内容与自己制定计划有关。F项“你自己的计划和你和别人一起制定的计划一样重要”符合题意，引出下文“Otherwise, yu are sending a message t yur brain that a plan yu make with yurself des nt hld as much value as a plan yu make with smene else. (否则，你是在向你的大脑传递一个信息:你自己制定的计划不如你和别人制定的计划有价值)”。故选F。
49．根据上文“If yu’re a peple-pleaser yu may find it hard t say “n” because yu feel it cmes acrss as cruel r uncaring.(如果你是一个取悦别人的人，你可能会发现很难说“不”，因为你觉得这让人觉得残忍或冷漠)”和下文“Be clear, be direct, and use “I” statements. Try statements like: “I wuld really lve t be able t help yu, but unfrtunately, I’m already cmmitted at that time.”(要清晰、直接，并使用“我”的陈述。试着这样说:“我真的很想帮助你，但不幸的是，我那时已经有约了。”)”可知，取悦别人的人很难直接说“不”，但可以用比较委婉的方式，比如“我真的很想帮助你，但不幸的是，我那时已经有约了”。由此推知，空处应陈述不一定非要说“不”。B项“但绝对不是非得这样”符合语境，引出下文用比较委婉的拒绝方式。故选B。
50．根据上文“By cnsistently integrating these strategies int yur life, I’m cnfident yu’ll break yur peple-pleasing habits. (通过不断地将这些策略融入到你的生活中，我相信你会改掉取悦别人的习惯)”推知，空处应陈述改掉取悦别人的习惯的结果。D项“你会发展出更健康、更相互依赖的关系”符合题意，且下文“This will yield an verall imprvement in self-cnfidence and life satisfactin.(这会使你的自信心和生活满意度得到全面提升)”中的this指代选项中的“更健康、更相互依赖的关系”。故选D。
考点
考查内容
利用设空位置解题
核心价值：
高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。
第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。在美育融入试题方面，全国Ⅱ卷阅读题开启艺术之旅的语篇，这些语篇旨在引导学生加深对艺术的认识，培养健康向上的审美情趣。在劳动教育融入试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包含了学校园艺项目，烹饪习惯的改变等信息，涉及多种工作场景，旨在引导学 生形成劳动观念，在学习和生活中培养劳动精神。
第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核心素养。2023 年全国卷通过选取极简主义生活、群体智慧效应、印刷书籍对人类的意义，实物对历史的重要性等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取建造生态机器来净化污水等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣通。
学科素养：
从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力，试题取材广泛、体裁多样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、美、劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华优秀传统文化、和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人功能。落实立德树人，彰显德育本色 。
从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高考英语试题整体难度稳定且适中，从教材出发，强调主干知识的运用以及基本能力的考查。同时全国卷试题高考英语试题注重考查学生的思维品质、创新能力以及解决实际问题的能力。
高考考题设问
项目
卷别
语篇类型
主题语境
考查类别
段首句
段中句
段尾句
2023
新高考Ⅰ卷
说明文
人与自我·自我原谅的一些具体方法
0
4
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
说明文
人与社会·开始艺术之旅的好建议
1
3
1
2023年1月·浙江卷
说明文
人与社会·如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议
1
4
0
甲卷
说明文
人与自我·介绍了成为一个有耐心的人的技巧
1
3
1
乙卷
说明文
人与自然·介绍了在室内种植植物的好处以及如何选择适宜室内种植的植物
0
3
1
2022
新高考Ⅰ卷
说明文
人与社会·寻找锻炼伙伴
0
4
1
甲卷
说明文
人与社会·外出用餐礼仪
1
3
1
乙卷
说明文
人与社会·如何维持友谊
3
1
1
2021
新高考Ⅰ卷
记叙文
人与社会·体验巴黎人的生活
1
4
0
甲卷
说明文
人与社会·旧衣物交换活动
1
4
0
乙卷
说明文
人与自我·使自己变得有趣
2
2
1