新高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题22 构词法（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

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知识网络
1.转化法
动词→名词 Let’s g ut fr a walk.我们出去散散步吧。(walk)
名词→动词 We lunched at White’s. 我们在怀特家吃午饭。(lunched)
形容词→动词 Culture has furthered the advance f language.文化促进了语言的发展。(has furthered)
2.合成法
合成名词 如：bkmark (书签)；guidebk (指南手册)；wrkshp (研讨会；车间)；sunset (日落)
合成形容词 如：lifelng (终身的；毕生的)；heartbreaking (令人心碎的)；absent-minded (心不在焉的)
合成动词 如：whitewash (用石灰水刷白)；vercme (战胜)；verthrw (推翻)
合成副词 如：anyway (无论如何)；everywhere (到处)；hwever (尽管如此)；frever (永远)
合成介词 如：inside (在……里)；utside (在……外)；thrughut (遍及)；within (在……之内)
3.混合法
如：smg (smke + fg) 烟雾；brunch (breakfast + lunch) 早午餐；newscast (news + bradcast) 新闻广播;
factin (fact + fictin ) 纪实文学；sci-fi (science + fictin) 科幻小说；dcudrama (dcument + drama) 纪实电影
4.缩略法
如：televisin→ TV (读字母音)电视;very imprtant persn→ VIP (读字母音)贵宾；Testing f English as a
Freign Language→ TOEFL(作为一个单词读音)托福
5.派生法
1)前缀 表否定
1.dis- 如：
ability→ disability (无能力; 残疾)；agree→ disagree (意见不一致)；appear→ disappear (消失)
2.un- 如：
dress→ undress (除去……的衣服); lck→ unlck (开锁)；fld→ unfld (展开；显露)
3.in-, il-, im-, ir- 如：
accurate→ inaccurate (不准确的);legal→ illegal (不合法的)；plite→ implite (不礼貌的)；pssible→ impssible (不可能的); regular→ irregular (不规则的)
4.mis- 如：behave→ misbehave (行为不端)；understand→ misunderstand (误解);
frtune→ misfrtune (不幸)
5.nn- 如：a nn-drinker不喝酒的人；nn-existence不存在；nn-smking非吸烟(区)
6.表重复re- 如：arrange→ rearrange (重新安排)；cnsider→ recnsider (重新考虑)；
create→ recreate (重现；重建)
7.表动化en- 如：able→ enable (使能够)；large→ enlarge (扩大)；rich→ enrich (使充实)
2)后缀
表示人 1.-er 如：buy→ buyer (买主，购买者); design→ designer (设计者)；dance→ dancer (舞者)
2.-r 如：act→ actr (男演员); invent→ inventr (发明者)；direct→ directr (指导者; 导演)
3.-ee 如：emply→ emplyee (受雇者,雇员); interview→ interviewee (被采访者；被面试者)
4.-ist 如：art→ artist (艺术家，美术家); special→ specialist (专家)；
vilin→ vilinist (小提琴演奏家)
5.-ian 如：music→ musician (音乐家; 乐师); plitics→ plitician (政治家)
6.-ant 如：accunt→ accuntant (会计)；assist→ assistant (助手); serve→ servant (仆人；佣人)
7.-ess或wman如：gd→ gddess (女神)；pet→ petess (女诗人);
pliceman→ plicewman(女警察)
2)名词后缀
1.-ness 如：awkward→ awkwardness(笨拙; 尴尬)；careless→ carelessness(粗心)
2.-ment 如：achieve→ achievement (成就; 达成); accmplish→ accmplishment (成就；成绩)
3.-al 如：apprve→ apprval (赞成; 批准)；arrive→ arrival (到达)；survive→ survival (存活；幸存)
4.-tin 如：attract→ attractin (吸引)； cllect→ cllectin (收藏品)；cnnect→ cnnectin (联系; 连接物)
5.-(ss)in 如：discuss→ discussin (讨论); express→ expressin (表情); admit→ admissin (入场费；准入)
6.-ance 如：accept→ acceptance (接受); appear→ appearance (出现; 外表); assist→ assistance (帮助)
7.-ence 如：depend→ dependence (信赖, 依赖); differ→ difference (差异); exist→ existence (存在；生存)
8.-ture 如：mix→ mixture (混合；混合物); fail→ failure (失败; 没做到); press→ pressure (压力)
9.-y 如：recver→ recvery (恢复, 痊愈); deliver→ delivery (递送，投递); discver→ discvery (发现)
10.名词后缀-(i)ty 如：electric→ electricity (电); equal→ equality (同等; 平等); safe→ safety (安全)
3).动词后缀-en 如：length→ lengthen (使)变长, 延伸; strength→ strengthen (加强)；fright→ frighten (恐吓)
4).形容词后缀-en 如：gld→ glden (金制的)；wd→ wden (木制的)
考点考法
关于充当句中各成分的最典型的词类，请记住以下三条：
1.作主语或宾语要用名词；
2.作定语、表语或补足语一般用形容词；
3.修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，作状语，用副词。
1. The man said that he was__________(mere) a passer-by and that he didn’t watch the accident.(答案为merely)
2.Sme peple say that this new discvery might change the whle sciety__________(cmplete).(答案为cmpletely)
3. I’m_______________(true) srry that things had t end like this.(答案为truly)
4. T ur__________, the headmaster was very___________with ur reprt.(satisfy) (答案为satisfactin, satisfied)
5.We shuld frm gd eating habits and d prper exercise in rder t stay___________(health).(答案为healthy)
真题回顾
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ppulatins and hmes f giant pandas, and ________ (eventual) achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
2.(2021·全国乙卷)It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme ________ (educate) abut the areas—bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics, and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the ________ (develp) f the lcal areas.
3.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)It will ________ (undubted) help yu get refreshed!
4.(2021·全国乙卷)Prvide ________ (finance) aid and ther benefits fr lcal peples.
5.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)But that's hw nature is—always leaving us ________ (astnish)．
6.(2021·全国甲卷)Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and watchtwers t take pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their ________ (day) rutines.
7.(2020·北京高考)Oliver says if yu're ________ (luck) enugh t have smene clse t yu wh enjys cking, ask them if/whether yu can jin in when it's pssible.
8.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, ________ (wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants, histrical bjects and wrks f art.
9.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Chinese New Year is a ________ (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring.
10.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)________ (certain) during the hliday perid, this plant is a must.
11.(2020年全国Ⅰ卷) The far side f the mn is f particular __________ (interesting) t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山), mre s than the familiar near side.
12.(2020年全国Ⅰ卷) Landing n the mn’s far side is ___________ (extreme) challenging.
13.(2020年全国Ⅱ卷) The __________ (beauty) lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins.
14.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷) Filled with ___________ (curius), the artist packed his bags and left.
15.(2019年全国Ⅰ卷) It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been ___________ (pr) studied.
16.(2019年全国Ⅰ卷) In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut have reprted increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a ___________ (believe) that ppulatins are increasing.
17.(2019年全国Ⅱ卷) Her years f hard wrk have ___________ (final) been acknwledged after a custmer nminated (提名) her t be Cheshire’s Wman Of The Year.
18.(2019年全国Ⅱ卷) But then we gt an fficial letter and we were blwn away. We are s prud f her. It’s ____________ (wnder).
19.(2019年全国Ⅲ卷) When they were free frm wrk, they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting ____________ (cmpete) t watch, tgether with the stry behind it.
20.(2019年全国Ⅲ卷) They als shared with us many ___________ (traditin) stries abut Hawaii that were ___________ (huge) ppular with turists.
21.(2018年全国Ⅰ卷) Running is cheap, easy and it’s always ___________ (energy).
22.(2018年全国Ⅱ卷) A taste fr meat is ___________ (actual) behind the change: An imprtant part f its crn is used t feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
23.(2018年全国Ⅱ卷) This switch has decreased ___________ (pllute) in the cuntry’s majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr peple.
24.(2018年全国Ⅱ卷) Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal _______ (glbe) fertilizer cnsumptin.
25.(2018年全国Ⅰ卷) T avid knee pain, yu can run n sft surfaces, d exercises t_________ (strength) yur leg muscles (肌肉), avid hills and get gd running shes.
26.(2018年全国Ⅲ卷) My name is Mireya Mayr. I’m a __________ (science) wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys.
27.(2017全国Ⅰ卷) Hwever, be ________ (care) nt t g t extremes.
28.(2017全国Ⅱ卷) This develpment was nly pssible with the ____________ (intrduce) f electric-pwered engines and lifts.
29.(2017全国Ⅱ卷) The Central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst ___________ (success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900.
考情分析
在近年高考中，直接体现在语法填空中的应用主要有：给出形容词提示词，填写副词或名词；给出动词，填写名词或形容词；给出名词，填写形容词。然而，构词法不仅体现在语法填空中，而是广泛分布在阅读、完形等各种题型中。掌握构词法是快速拓展词汇量，深入理解语篇的法宝。
模拟操练
1. (2023届江苏无锡期中调研) The ___________(traditin) values f kung fu, actually, are in the minds f all Chinese peple.
2. (2023届贵州遵义期中考试) On their rad back, the servicemen were verwhelmed by lcal residents’ _______(warm).
3. (2023届河南洛平许济一检) The dlphin’s _________ (able) t please humans has made it ne f ur favurites in the animal kingdm.
4. (2023届山东泰安期中考试) Students need t make real effrts when taking labur curses, s they can ________ (real) cultivate (培养) virtues f strng willpwer, perseverance and teamwrk.
5. Trying t mtivate yurself in a way that isn’t _________ (attract) t yu will make it difficult t cnvince yurself t wrk.
6. (2023届江苏常州期中考试) “I dn’t want t participate at all in the machine that’s ging t _________ (cheap) what I d,”said Daniel Danger.
7. (2023届广西北海一模) At first, the farmers misunderstand the ___________ (intend) f Cheng Ran, ne f the fficials, but then they becme friends.
8. (2023届广东广州阶段训练) These heritage sites __________ (effective) prtected China’s representative gelgical relics, muntains, frests and lakes.
9. (2023届重庆11月调研) Time may limit ur ability t keep scial ties, but ur desire fr scial cmmunicatin is _______ (limit).
10.(2023届江苏徐州期中考试) As part f this histric breakthrugh, the regin has been making effrts t enhance the prtectin and inheritance f ethnic sprts and the _____________ (develp) f utdr sprts.
11.(2023届山东烟台期中考试) Prfessr Yang Lei and Zhang Liang discussed Chinese petry and painting while Dai Jingang expsed the audience t the charm (魅力) f traditinal Chinese medicine and the _________ (wise) f health preservatin.
12.(2023届江苏苏州期中调研) In Suth China, there is a custm __________ (ppular) knwn as “having Qiucai (an autumn vegetable) n the Autumn Equinx day”.
13.(2023届四川绵阳一诊) Nw, the seedlings f the tall sht rice variety have reached a ________ (high) f abut 30 cm.
14.(2023届河北保定期中测试) Amng the excavated artifacts (出土文物), a cmplete gld mask abut 10 grams in ________ (weigh), 37.2 centimeters wide, and 16.5 centimeters high was unearthed frm N.3 Pit a
few days ag.
15.(2023届辽宁沈阳期中考试) Emerging evidence in humans suggests the Western high-fat and highsugar junk fd diet can quickly _________ (weak) yur brain’s appetite cntrl.
16.(2023届山东德州期中考试) Many climbing enthusiasts like t spend a whle night reaching its peak t recrd its beautiful sunrise and enjy the ht spring fr __________ (relax).
17.(2023届四川泸州一诊) Thrugh the participatin f a greater number f nline users, wh grw virtual trees, the SEE Fundatin has been prviding subsidies while ffering ___________ (pwer) supprt in technlgy fr desert areas.
18.(2023届浙江湖州、丽水、衢州质检) Over the next 30 years, vide games explded in _____________ (ppular). Mre and mre cuntries, such as Suth Krea, China and the United States, started t develp eSprts int an industry.
19.(2023届河南焦作期中考试) Sun Mn Lake is lcated in the central regin f Taiwan. It cvers an area f 7.7 square kilmeters and has an average water _______ (deep) f 40 meters.
20.(2023届重庆11月调研) In the past, friendships were ________ (great) limited by time, space and attentin.
21.(2023年1月浙江卷) The hutngs they frmed were rderly, lined by __________ (space) hmes and walled gardens.
22.(2023届四川资阳一诊) Thse passageways, with a ttal length f 59 kilmeters, enable antelpes (羚羊) and ther animals t g acrss the railway _______ (free).
23.Plastic labeled BPA-free might use ther chemicals that have _________ (harm) health effects.
24.(2023届河南新乡一模) In additin t __________ (extreme) large amunts f manual wrk, technlgy
als prvides a prtective barrier fr the city wall.
25.Thanks t the ht and dry climate that results frm being surrunded by the desert, huge quantities f large and _________ (juice) grapes with very thin skins are prduced.
26. (2023届山东德州期中考试) The Qinling panda is distinguished by its __________ (slight) smaller size and fur that is brwn rather than black.
27.Rbts are als able t wrk in ____________ (danger) situatins.
28. (2023届广东大湾区一模) Other activities during the festival __________ (main) include sweeping dust
and making Chinese paper cuts fr windw decratin.
29. It’s bvius that this service is _____________ (cnvenience) t the ld, especially t the disabled custmers.
30. (2023届江苏盐城期中考试) The efficiency f water use in the area is amng the highest _________ (glbal), said an fficial at the administrative cmmittee f Beijing E-Twn.
31.The structural principles f Chinese architecture have remained largely ___________ (change), the main changes being nly the decrative details.
32.(2023届河南洛平许济一检) But while dlphins shw such friendliness twards humans, __________ (unlucky), humans dn’t return the favur. Pllutin and fishing nets are tw f the terrible dangers they face.
33. “This is imprtant t help target effrts t reduce depressin, which makes it much harder fr peple t adpt ________ (health) lifestyle habits,” said Dr Jess Tyrrell.
34. Even if a grade is nt given, the student is ____________ (respnsibility) fr learning the material assigned.
35. (2023届四川资阳一诊) Based n years f __________ (science) bservatin f wildlife migratin in the regin, the bridge was built with the purpse f reducing the highway’s effect n the animals.
36.Dragn is a belief f Chinese natin and a _______ (gld) Chinese element (元素).
37.(2023届山东济南期中考试) ___________ (hpeful), the dnated bks will pen a new windw f understanding f Chinese culture, histry and scial develpment fr the Maltese peple.
38.Yur face replaces Jack’s r Rse’s. It lks very ________ (nature).
39．________ (cnsequent), pwer walking, in additin t a healthy diet, helps manage yur weight.
40.Speech is the fastest methd f ________ (cmmunicate) between peple.
41.A new habit is nt abut perfrmance; it's abut ________ (cnsistent) taking actin.
42.With a ppulatin f 12 millin peple, the ________ (suth) city is knwn fr its strng innvatin capabilities.
43.The cllege years are suppsed t be a time fr imprtant ________ (grw) in autnmy (自主性) and the develpment f adult identity.
44.She went thrugh a perid f emtinal ________ (adjust) after her marriage brke up.
设空前有形容词emtinal修饰，应用名词。故填adjustment。
45.As a vlunteer f envirnmental prtectin, I am writing t raise yur ________ (aware) f prtecting the envirnment.
46.We als paid by phne fr mvie tickets, takeut fd, shpping and fr ________ (deliver)．
47.It's a chance fr yu t learn mre abut traditinal Chinese culture; I am sure it will ________ (brad) yur hrizns.
48.I was nw in a cnditin that means it's difficult r ________ (pssible) t receive and prduce language.
目录
一
知识网络
构词法的转化法、合成法、混合法、缩略法、派生法、名词后缀、动词后缀和形容词后缀
二
考点考法
关于充当句中各成分的最典型的词类，请记住以下三条：1.作主语或宾语要用名词；2.作定语、表语或补足语一般用形容词；3.修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，作状语，用副词。
三
真题回顾
展现命题趋势，明确考试目标
四
真题训练
近几年构词法高考专题训练
五
考情分析
在近年高考中，直接体现在语法填空中的应用主要有：给出形容词提示词，填写副词或名词；给出动词，填写名词或形容词；给出名词，填写形容词。然而，构词法不仅体现在语法填空中，而是广泛分布在阅读、完形等各种题型中。掌握构词法是快速拓展词汇量，深入理解语篇的法宝。
六
模拟操练
再次巩固所掌握的知识点体系并能灵活应用