新高考英语二轮复习时文阅读之语法填空专项训练专题03 人文地理（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习时文阅读之语法填空专项训练专题03 人文地理（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习时文阅读之语法填空专项训练专题03人文地理原卷版doc、新高考英语二轮复习时文阅读之语法填空专项训练专题03人文地理解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共19页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题03
人文地理
【原创题】
【基础篇】
Lāhainā has always been a survivr. The castal twn in West Maui has endured and evlved, frm serving as the frmer capital f the Hawaiian Kingdm t emerging as 1 imprtant whaling prt that inspired Herman Melville t immrtalize the era in Mby Dick. But wildfires—the deadliest in the state's histry—have decimated much f the castal twn, 2 (claim) at least 96 lives and destrying hundreds f hmes and buildings, including imprtant histric and 3 (culture) sites. Once knwn as Lele, 4 translates t “relentless sun,” severe drught cnditins in Lāhainā cupled with high winds frm Hurricane Dra, which passed 5 the suth f the state, fed the flames.
The fire in Lāhainā spread quickly and cruelly, and the lss f this histric twn—ne f the best-preserved histric sites in Hawaiʻi, where yu culd visit mre than 60 histric sites scattered acrss 55 acres— 6 (be) unfathmable. “It’s just, just hrrible,” says Zita Cup Chy, renwned Native Hawaiian histrian at ʻIlani Palace in Hnlulu, whse family is frm Maui. “ 7 (lse) a part f the histry where my kūpuna (ancestrs) grew up is just sad.” “As far as we knw, there isn’t any lcatin in Hawaiʻi where yu culd walk dwn the street and actually walk thrugh time, 8 nw that’s lst,” says Kimberly Flk, deputy executive directr f the Lāhainā Restratin Fundatin, a Maui-based nnprfit that versees 14 majr histric 9 (structure) in Lāhainā. But what was the histrical significance f Lāhainā? This is 10 was lst t the wildfires.
【答案】
1.an 2.claiming 3.cultural 4.which 5.t
6.is 7.T lse 8.and 9.structures 10.what
【巩固篇】
Maya civilizatin nce stretched acrss a vast territry in Mesamerica, in what is tday suthern Mexic and Central America. It was hme 1 thriving cities and thusands f peple, 2 ver the curse f tw centuries, majr cities wuld be emptied, with their grand temples 3 (abandn) and vivid artwrks unfinished.
Much like its ending, 4 exact beginning f Maya culture has been difficult t pin dwn. Many schlars believe it first calesced smetime between 7000 B.C. and 2000 B.C. after hunter-gatherers frm Suth America mved int Mesamerica and settled there. Smetime arund 4000 B.C., cultivatin f crn, their staple crp, explded, 5 (allw) Maya culture t flurish and expand.
Interactin with the neighbring Olmec civilizatin 6 (believe) t have spurred advances in Maya architecture, resulting in the cnstructin f huge ritual 7 (cmplex) surrunded by cities. Amng the mst imprtant urban centers 8 (be) Uxmal, Palenque, Chichén Itzá, Tikal, Cpán, and Calakmul. Built during the Classic perid (A.D. 200-900), the Maya’s saring pyramid temples 9 grand buildings—believed by sme t be palaces—were 10 (rich) decrated with sacred art dedicated t the gds.
【答案】
1.t 2.but 3.abandned 4.the 5.allwing
6.is believed 7.cmplexes 8.were 9.and 10.richly
【提高篇】
Fr illustratrs in medieval Eurpe, depicting animals like elephants 1 they’d never set eyes n was a key part f their task t shape the 2 (mral) f humankind. 3 mattered mst was what such creatures represented in Christian spiritual terms—and s 4 lin might represent the virtues f strength and curage, 5 a snake and its venm culd represent sin.
Such depictins appeared alngside biblical stries and in extrardinary illuminated manuscripts— 6 (include) illustrated bestiaries—created by hand befre printing became dminant in the 16th century. And amng the 7 (early) medieval Eurpean representatins f fantastic beasts were elephants. 8 (they) bnd with their slitary children represented devtin, while stries f elephants taking care 9 (be) gentle arund smaller animals symblized kindness t thers. Elephants were als said t represent the spiritual redemptin f Jesus Christ, pssibly because they had the strength t easily lift a persn ut f sin.
The prblem was, hwever, that few artists in medieval Eurpe had ever seen a real elephant—instead they created an astnishing variety f fabulus pachyderms that still 10 (fascinate) tday.
【答案】
1.that 2.mrality 3.What 4.a 5.while
6.including 7.earliest 8.Their 9.t be 10.fascinates
【专项微练：动词】
1．The freigner tried t make himself ___________(understand), but failed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】understd
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：那个外国人试图让别人听懂他的话，但没有成功。句子的主语为tried。设空处应用非谓语动词，understand与逻辑主语himself之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作宾补。故填understd。
2．The teacher makes it a rule t have his students ________ (read) English every mrning fr half an hur. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】read
【详解】考查动词。句意：老师规定学生每天早上读半个小时的英语。分析句子结构，此句have为使役动词，have sb d sth使某人做某事，此处作宾语补足语，用动词原形，read符合题意。故填read。
3．She _________(twering) ver ther dancers f her generatin. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】twers/twered
【详解】考查动词、时态和主谓一致。句意：她比同一代的其他舞者都高。分析句子可知，句中缺少谓语动词，空处需用twering的动词形式twer，表示“高出”。句子可能是描述现在存在的状态，也可能是描述过去存在的状态，一般现在时和一般过去时都符合句意。一般现在时的情况下，主语She是单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填twers/twered。
4．The Internet makes it mre ________(cnvenience) fr us t get in tuch with each ther. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】cnvenient
【详解】考查形容词。句意：互联网为我们彼此联系提供了便利。分析题意，在“make+宾语+宾补”的结构中，宾补部分可用形容词cnvenient充当，意为“方便的，便利的”。故填cnvenient。
5．Any experience can teach and ________(strength) yu, particularly the mre difficult nes. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】strengthen
【详解】考查动词。句意：任何经历都能让你学到东西并使你变得更强大，特别是那些比较困难的经历。空格处需要一个动词原形与teach一起放在情态动词can后面，作并列谓语动词，所给词strength为名词，其动词拼写为strengthen意为“使变强大，加强”符合句意。故填strengthen。
6．What he learned frm schl_______________(able) him t get thrugh the wrk. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】enabled
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他在学校所学的知识使他能够完成这项工作。分析句子，该空需要一个动词作谓语，前面what引导了主语从句；提示词able为形容词，其动词形式enable符合句意，enable smebdy t d smething意为“使得某人能够做某事”；根据主语从句谓语learned可判断主句谓语动词应使用一般过去时。故填enabled。
7．Drunk driving nt nly affects ur daily life, but may als _____ (threat) peple’s lives. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】threaten
【详解】考查动词。句意：酒驾不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还可能威胁到人们的生命。may是情态动词，其后跟动词原形，threat的动词是threaten。故填threaten。
8．Sending a card is ne f the apprpriate ways yu may appreciate _______________ (express) yur thankfulness t yur teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】expressing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：寄卡片是表达你对老师感激之情的适当方式之一。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用非谓语动词，作appreciate的宾语，与主语yu是主动关系，因此需要使用动名词形式构成appreciate ding sth.结构，故填expressing。
9．In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able ________(select) the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】t select
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：实验中，在大多数情况下Gffin的凤头鹦鹉仅通过视觉识别，就能够选择正确的工具。根据固定结构be able t d sth. 能够做某事，可知，此处需使用t select。故填t select。
10．But Jeff’s hand tuched the ht burner and he gave a cry f pain. Jenna made him _____ (put) his hand in cld water. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】put
【详解】考查动词。句意：但是杰夫的手碰到了灼热的炉子，他痛苦地叫了一声。珍娜让他把手放进冷水里。结合句意此处make为使役动词，make sb d sth意为“使某人做某事，让某人做某事”。故填put。
【真题精选】
（2023·郑州高三统考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Each mrning, 68-year-ld amateur cyclist Cui Yue starts his ride alng the Tanglai Canal in Yinchuan, capital f nrthwest China’s Ningxia Hui Autnmus Regin, ____11____(enjy) the picturesque natural seeneries.____12____(Cycle) alng the canal allws him t experience the city’s imprving eclgy.
The ver-2,000-year-ld canal that Cui frequents ____13____(build) during the Han Dynasty (202 BC — AD 220). It aimed at bringing the Yellw River water t present-day Ningxia ____14____ helping turn the regin with tracts (大片土地) f deserts int arable land. Thrugh the ages, it is still functining as an eclgical crridr and is the largest ____15____(natural) flwing trunk canal in the Yellw River irrigatin area.
Alng the canal’s 75-km sectin running thrugh urban Yinchuan, several parks have been built with walking and cycling ____16____(rute), cntributing t the city’s expanding green space ____17____(map) ut fr public leisure.
Thanks t ____18____(technlgy) innvatins, water-saving measures, and envirnmental prtectin, the water vlume in Tanglai Canal has increased abut fivefld ____19____ 1 billin cubic meters in the past few years, irrigating farmland fr 185 days a year. “Tanglai Canal is a great ancient water cnservancy prject in Ningxia, _____20_____ still benefits lcal peple mre than 2,000 years later,” said Cui. “The ancient canal will inject mre vitality int the agricultural and eclgical develpment f cities alng it.”
【答案】
11．t enjy 12．Cycling 13．was built 14．and 15．naturally 16．rutes 17．mapped 18．technlgical 19．t 20．which
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宁夏银川的唐莱运河，包括它的历史、建造目的和生态作用，如今唐莱运河的生态逐渐改善，发挥着农业和生态的双重作用。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：每天早上，68岁的业余自行车手崔悦都会沿着中国西北部宁夏回族自治区首府银川的唐莱运河骑行，欣赏风景如画的自然风光。分析句子可知，句子成分完整，空处用非谓语动词，enjy the picturesque natural seeneries是starts his ride的目的，因此用enjy不定式的形式t enjy作目的状语。故填t enjy。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：沿着运河骑自行车让他感受到了城市生态的改善。分析句子可知，空处作句子的主语，描述一件已知的事，应用Cycle的动名词形式Cycling，句首单词首字母大写。故填Cycling。
13．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：崔悦经常经过的这条运河建于汉代（公元前202年—公元220年），已有2000多年的历史。时间状语为during the Han Dynasty，句子用一般过去时，描述过去发生的事情，主语canal和build之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，且canal为单数，空处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填was built。
14．考查连词。句意：它的目的是把黄河的水引到今天的宁夏，并帮助把大片的沙漠变成耕地。分析句子可知，空后的helping和前面的bringing并列，作介词at的宾语，空处需用连词and把两者连接起来。故填and。
15．考查副词。句意：古往今来，它仍然发挥着生态廊道的作用，是黄河灌区最大的自然流动干渠。分析句子可知，空处修饰定语形容词flwing，需用natural的副词形式naturally，表示“自然地”。故填naturally。
16．考查名词的数。句意：运河全长75公里，贯穿银川市，沿途修建了几座公园，设有步行和自行车道，为银川市不断扩大的公共休闲绿地做出了贡献。结合句意和常识可知，公园内设置的步行和自行车道不止一个，空处需用rute的复数形式rutes。故填rutes。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：运河全长75公里，贯穿银川市，沿途修建了几座公园，设有步行和自行车道，为银川市不断扩大的公共休闲绿地做出了贡献。分析句子可知，空处作green space的后置定语，需用非谓语动词的形式，且green space和map之间为被动关系，空处用map的过去分词形式mapped。map ut sth.为固定短语，意为“仔细规划，计划”。故填mapped。
18．考查形容词。句意：由于技术创新、节水措施和环境保护，唐莱运河的水量在过去几年中增加了约5倍，达到10亿立方米，每年灌溉农田185天。分析句子可知，空处是修饰innvatins的定语，需用technlgy的形容词形式technlgical，表示“技术的”。故填technlgical。
19．考查介词。句意：由于技术创新、节水措施和环境保护，唐莱运河的水量在过去几年中增加了约5倍，达到10亿立方米，每年灌溉农田185天。根据空前“increased abut fivefld”和空后“1 billin cubic meters”可知，此处表示水量增长了，达到10亿立方米，表示“达到”需用介词t。故填t。
20．考查定语从句。句意：崔悦说：“唐莱运河是宁夏一项伟大的古代水利工程，2000多年后仍在造福当地人民。”分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Tanglai Canal进行补充说明，从句中缺少主语，空处应用关系代词which。故填which。
（2023·大同一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dujiangyan is the ldest man-made water system in the wrld, and ____21____ wnder in the develpment f Chinese science. Built ver 2,200 years ag in ____22____ is nw Sichuan Prvince in Suthwest China, this ____23____ (amaze) engineering achievement is still used tday ____24____ (irrigate) ver 6,000 square kilmetres f farmland, take away fldwater and prvide water fr 50 cities in the prvince.
In the Warring States Perid f ancient China, Li Bing, the ____25____ (gvern) f Sichuan, fund that the flds, happened frequently in the rainy seasn, and water strage was shrt during the dry seasn. Therefre, ____26____ (base) n the gegraphic features f the MinJiang River, and withut ding any damage t the ____27____ (nature) envirnment, he built a special structure dam knwn as Dujiangyan t direct water and divert flds and sand. Thanks t the dam, the regin wuld n lnger be ____28____ (fld) during the rainy seasn, and water supply wuld be sufficient in the dry seasn.
Dujiangyan ____29____ (functin) fr mre than 2,200 years. Even the earthquake with a magnitude f 7.8 ____30____ the Richter scale (里氏震级) in 2008, which happened near the dam, didn’t destry it. Dujiangyan reflects the idea that the land water and peple can live in harmny.
【答案】
21．a 22．what 23．amazing 24．t irrigate 25．gvernr 26．based 27．natural 28．flded 29．has functined 30．n
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是都江堰的重要性。
21．考查冠词。句意：都江堰是世界上最古老的人工水系，也是中国科学发展史上的一个奇迹。wnder意为“奇迹”，是可数名词，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，wnder的发音是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
22．考查宾语从句。句意：这个了不起的工程成就建于2200多年前，位于中国西南部的四川省，至今仍用于灌溉6000多平方公里的农田，带走洪水，并为该省50个城市供水。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处表示“位于中国西南部的四川省”这件事，因此用what引导宾语从句，故填what。
23．考查形容词。句意：这个了不起的工程成就建于2200多年前，位于中国西南部的四川省，至今仍用于灌溉6000多平方公里的农田，带走洪水，并为该省50个城市供水。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词“engineering achievement”，engineering achievement是物，因此用ing结尾的形容词amazing修饰，意为“惊人的，了不起的”，故填amazing。
24．考查不定式。句意：这个了不起的工程成就建于2200多年前，位于中国西南部的四川省，至今仍用于灌溉6000多平方公里的农田，带走洪水，并为该省50个城市供水。根据语境和句意可知，空格处用不定式表目的，故填t irrigate。
25．考查名词。句意：在中国古代的战国时期，四川总督李冰发现洪水在雨季频繁发生，而在旱季储水不足。空格处意为“总督”，应用名词gvernr作同位语，特指李冰，因此空格处用单数，故填gvernr。
26．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，他根据岷江的地理特点，在不破坏自然环境的情况下，建造了一座特殊结构的大坝，称为都江堰，用于引水分流洪沙。句中built是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，be base n是固定短语，意为“根据”，此处省去be用过去分词作状语。故填based。
27．考查形容词。句意：因此，他根据岷江的地理特点，在不破坏自然环境的情况下，建造了一座特殊结构的大坝，称为都江堰，用于引水分流洪沙。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词envirnment，nature的形容词是natural，意为“自然的”，故填natural。
28．考查被动语态。句意：由于大坝的修建，该地区在雨季将不再被洪水淹没，旱季的水供应也将充足。地区是被淹没，句子用被动语态，空前有wuld be，因此空格处用过去分词，故填flded。
29．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：都江堰已经运行了2200多年。由“fr mre than 2,200 years”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语Dujiangyan是第三人称单数，因此空格处是has functined。故填has functined。
30．考查介词。句意：即使是2008年发生在大坝附近的里氏7.8级地震也没有摧毁大坝。n the Richter scale意为“里氏震级”，因此空格处是介词n，故填n。
（2023·佛山二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Despite its rapid industrializatin, there are still sme crners in China that have maintained its riginal clr.
Ancient twns and villages in China are places ____31____ traditins are well preserved in terms f architecture, lifestyle and flk custms. All f these can be fund in Huangya Ancient Twn, ne f the mst-visited turist ____32____(spt) in Guangxi Zhuang Autnmus Regin.
____33____(cver) an area f 3.6 square kilmeters, Huangya has a histry f nearly 1,000 years ____34____ its rigins dating back t the Sng Dynasty. Peple ____35____(carry) n traditinal festivals and custms here fr hundreds f years up t nw. During Chinese Lunar New Year, ver 20 traditinal perfrmances ____36____(hld), including the dragn dance and suna hrn shw. On July 14 in the Chinese lunar calendar, residents ften cme t the riverbank and put lanterns int the river ____37____(celebrate) Zhngyuan Jie, the Hungry Ghst Festival.
Black sybean is ften added t its lcal fd t create an ____38____(extreme) distinctive flavr. When yu visit, Huangya tfu is ____39____ must-try lcal dish as it is sld nly in this twn.
It usually takes a day r tw t tur arund the ld twn due t its small size, but yu can always stay _____40_____(lng) t experience mre f its lcal hspitality and culture.
【答案】
31．where/whse 32．spts 33．Cvering 34．with 35．have carried 36．are held 37．t celebrate 38．extremely 39．a 40．lnger
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了黄姚古镇，古镇有悠久的历史，传统习俗保存得很好，特色美食值得一尝，游客可以领会当地人的热情和地方文化。
31．考查定语从句。句意：中国的古镇和村庄是建筑、生活方式和民俗方面传统得以保存的地方。分析句子可知，空处需引导定语从句，修饰先行词places，places在从句中可以作地点状语，也可以作traditins的定语，因此用关系副词where或关系代词whse。故填where/whse。
32．考查名词的数。句意：所有这些都可以在黄姚古镇找到，黄姚古镇是广西壮族自治区访问量最大的旅游景点之一。根据句中的“ne f”可知，空处需用spt的复数形式，表示“众多访问量最大的旅游景点中的一个”。故填spts。
33．考查非谓语动词。句意：黄姚占地3.6平方公里，有近千年的历史，其起源可以追溯到宋代。分析句子可知，空处需用非谓语动词的形式，作状语，Huangya和cver之间是主动关系，需用cver的现在分词形式，且空处位于句首，cvering首字母需大写。故填Cvering。
34．考查介词。句意：黄姚占地3.6平方公里，有近千年的历史，其起源可以追溯到宋代。根据句中的“its rigins dating back t the Sng Dynasty”可知，此处应用with sth. ding的复合结构，表示黄姚历史拥有的起源，空处应用介词with。故填with。
35．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：几百年来，这里的传统节日和习俗一直延续至今。空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为fr hundreds f years up t nw，应用现在完成时，主语Peple是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。故填have carried。
36．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在中国农历新年期间，这里举行20多种传统表演，包括舞龙和唢呐表演。空处作句子的谓语，句子描述的是现在的规律性的事件，应用一般现在时，perfrmances和hld之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，且perfrmances为复数，be动词用are。故填are held。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国农历七月十四日，居民们经常来到河边，在河里放灯笼来庆祝中元节，也就是鬼节。分析句子可知，空处需用非谓语动词的形式，celebrate是put lanterns int the river的目的，需用不定式。故填t celebrate。
38．考查副词。句意：黑豆经常被添加到当地的食物中，以创造出一种非常独特的味道。分析句子可知，空处修饰定语distinctive，应用extreme的副词形式extremely，表示“非常”。故填extremely。
39．考查冠词。句意：当你来这里的时候，黄姚豆腐是一种必须尝试的当地美食，因为它只在这个镇上出售。分析句子可知，空处是泛指，表示“一种必须尝试的当地美食”，用不定冠词，must-try以辅音音素开头，用a。故填a。
40．考查副词比较级。句意：由于古镇面积不大，通常需要一两天的时间来游览，但你可以多待一段时间，更多地体验当地的热情好客和文化。根据句中的“It usually takes a day r tw t tur arund the ld twn due t its small size”和“but”可知，此处有语义的转折，虽然游览古镇需要的时间不多，但是可以待久一点，空处需用副词的比较级和mre f呼应，表示“更久”。故填lnger。
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