高考英语语法词汇专项突破:01聚焦动词及动词短语八大考点+巩固训练+答案与解析
展开【高考考例展示】
【考题1】(2023新高考II卷)And wh d they speak English ______?
答案与解析:with。考查动词短语中的“动词+介词”。句意:他们和谁说英语?分析句子结构可知,这道题的语序可以看成they speak English wh,句子中有主语they,speak后有宾语,而wh缺少一个介词,wh做介词的宾语,又根据句意可推知,此处强调双向交流,应用固定搭配:speak with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。
【考题2】(2022新高考全国I卷)Giant pandas als serve an umbrella species(物种), bringing prtectin t a hst f plants and animals in the suthwestern and nrthwestern parts f China.
答案与解析:as。考查动词短语中的“动词+介词”。分析句子可知,此处考查固定动词短语serve as,意为“充当”,故空处应填介词as。故填as。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。
【考题3】(2020浙江6月卷)Sme time after 10,000 BC,peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived ,thrugh agriculture.
答案与解析:考查动词短语中的“动词+介词”。分析句式看出“they lived _____”应是名词the wrld 的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the wrld. 动词短语live in+名词,意为“居住在某地”。故填in。句意:公元前10000年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。
【考题4】(2021浙江1月卷)The study fund that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 165 2. 1 in wmen and men.
答案与解析:by。考查动词短语中的“动词+介词”。increase by表示“增加了”;increase t表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值(18.5-23.9)可知,increase by符合语境,故填by。句意:研究发现,1985年至2017年间,农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。
【考点分析】
动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词,在历年高考题拟题中动词所占比例最大,通过设置一定的题型来测试考生在具体语境中对动词或动词短语意义的理解和运用能力,试题命制显现出情景化和复杂化的趋势,设题的角度有细微化的倾向。主要考点有:
1、系动词词义和用法的比较;
2、动词的及物与不及物;
3、动词到短暂性与持续性;
4、意思相同或相近的动词比较;
5、同一动词构成的不同词组的用法比较;
6、意思相同或相近的动词短语的比较;
7. 不同动词或动词短语词义辨析。
【应考指南】
动词词语辨析和动词短语辨析是一个十分灵活的考点,在考试题中与语境结合的十分密切,在应对该类题型时要做到以下几点。
1. 善于归纳总结。像有些本来是不及物动词,但是可以跟同源宾语,比如下面这句话就可以记得这些词:微笑(smile)着生话,(live)歌唱(sing)着战斗,(fight)死(die)也像睡觉(sleep)做梦(dream)一样甜蜜。还有以某个动词为中心词构成的短语,以某个副词或者介词为中心词构成的短语等。总要善于总结出意义相似,结构相似,用法类似的词语。
2. 注意词语辨析。对于近义词或近义短语的辨析除了注意意义的区别外,还要注结构上的区别,同时不要受汉语习惯的影响。
3. 抓住题意。解题时首先要抓住题干的意思,通过对句子结构和意义的分析找出合适的词语或词语的正确形式,对于动词或者动词短语的熟词生义也不能忽视。
考点一、不同词义的动词或动词短语词义辨析
【考例】(XXXX全国卷II)If yu leave the club, yu will nt be ______ back in.
A. received B. admitted C. turned D. mved
解析:B。receive收到;admit准许;turn转变;mve移动。
考点二、动词的及物与不及物
及物动词后面必须跟宾语,可以用于"主+谓+宾",要注意有的词可以用于"主+谓+双宾",有的可以用于"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。有的既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物动词,其意义完全不同。如:
【考例】(XXXX全国I卷)The perfrmance ______ nearly three hurs, but few peple left the theatre early.
A. cveredB. reachedC. playedD. lasted
解析D。由nearly three hurs提示知道用不及物动词,被选项中A、B、C都是及物动词,只有D是不及物动词。cver“覆盖,包括”;reach“到达,达到”;play“表演”;last“持续”,是不及物动词,句意是“表演持续了将近三个小时,但是很少有人提前离开剧院”。故选D。
考点三、动词的短暂性与持续性
有的动词所表示的动作可以延续,可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,这样的动词叫延续性动词。常见的有:stay/ write/ wrk/ smile/ talk/ run/ speak/ carry/ exist/ cllect/ gather/ repair/ train/ blw/ fight/ have/ lie/ laugh/ hld/ run/ climb/ serve等。有的动词所表示的动作不可以延续,而是在瞬间完成,不可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,这样的动词叫终止性动词或瞬间动词。常见的有:finish/ stp/ start/put/ g/ cme/leave/arrive/return/ receive/ jump/ bring/ catch/ clse/ cut/ die/ begin/ jin /pen/ pay/ lse/ fall/ enter/ marry/recgnize/kill/ hit/lend/ brrw/buy等。瞬间动词通常不用于进行时态(但是部分动词可以用进行时表示将来),在完成时态中不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用。
She has stayed here fr tw hurs, her eyes fixed upn the tree. 她在这儿有两个小时了,眼睛老是盯着那棵树。
They didn’t finish their hmewrk until 12 ’clck. 他们到十二点才完成家庭作业。
I brrwed the bk the day befre yesterday. I wnder hw lng can I keep it?这本书我是昨天借的,我想知道我可以看多久。
【典例】---- Hw lng have yu ______ yur MP4?
---- I bught it three mnths ag.
A. bught B. had C. remained D. abandned
解析:B。remain是不及物动词,abandn“丢弃”意思不符。buy是瞬间动词,在完成时肯定句中不与表示时间段的状语连用,hw lng问的是时间段。故选B。
考点四、意思相同或相近的动词比较
动词的词义基本相同,但是具体词义和用法有区别,如:cure, heal, treat; accept, receive; listen, hear; say, speak, tell, talk; reach, arrive, get; abandn, flee, leave; remember, frget; escape, avid, ignre;lie/lay/ lain lie/lied/lied lay/laid/laid; hanged/ hung; rise/ raise; used t/ be used t d/ be used t ding; sit/ seat; experience/ experiment; affect/ effect; advise/ advertise; share/ spare/ dare/ care. happen/ ccur/ cme abut/ take place(发生); need/ require/ want(需要);arrive in (at)/ reach/ get t(到达);stay/ remain/ keep(保留);supply/ ffer/give; d/ take/ make(做); ride/ drive; ask/ demand/rder; prefer/ wuld rather; settle/ slve; discver/ invent; say/ speak/ talk/tell; drp/ fall; pay/ reward; take/ bring/ fetch; lend/ brrw;lk/ seem/ appear…等。
【考例】(XXXX天津卷)Happy birthday,Alice! S yu have ________twenty-ne already!
A.becme B.turned C.grwn D.passed
解析:B。选项A表示身份的变化,C表示状态的变化,显然它们与意思不符,应排除;选项B、D都可表示:(时刻的)超过,但选项B的主语必须是人或事;而D的主语是时间段。因此,根据句子的意思,答案选B。
考点五、同一动词(与介词副词)或同一介词或副词语动词构成的不同动词词组的用法比较
有些动词可以构成许多动词短语,而且同一个动词短语也会有不同的词义。常见动词短语的构成形式有:
1."动词+介词"结构。 该结构中的动词是不及物动词,当和一些介词搭配后,则把它看成一个整体,即把它看成一个及物动词。如agree t, break int, call upn, dream f, listen t, perate n, talk abut, rely n, refer t等。
【考例】(XXXX福建)The Smali rbbers’ frequent attacks n the sea urged the United Natins t ________ all natins t take immediate actin.
A. fight fr B. apply fr C. call n D. wait n
解析:C。根据后面“立即采取行动”推出“号召”的意思,选C。call n可以跟宾补结构,call n sb. t d sth.表示“号召某人干某事是”。 fight fr为…而战斗;apply fr申请;wait n伺候。
2."动词+副词"结构。该结构中的动词是及物动词的,该结构及物;是不及物的,则不及物,要注意代词宾语的位置。如:bring abut, bring up, call up, carry ut, give up, help ut, lk up, make ut, pint ut, put away, put dwn, put ff, turn dwn, use up, wrk ut, break ut, carry n, stay up等。
【考例】(XXXX四川)—Hw abut yur jurney t Munt Emei?
—Everything was wnderful except that ur car twice n the way.
A. slwed dwn B. brke dwn C. gt dwn D. put dwn
解析:B。考查动词短语的区别,答语的意思是:一切都进展顺利除了我们的汽车在途中抛锚了两次外。break dwn抛锚;slw dwn 慢下来;get dwn记下,写下;put dwn 扑灭。故选B。
★常用动词短语固定搭配
I. 及物动词+宾语+介词
rb/ cheat/ remind/ expect/ warn/accuse(控告)/ persuade/ cure(治愈)/ infrm sb. f sth.
keep/ stp/ prevent/ separate/ save/ prtect/ chse sb. drm ding sth.
praise/ remember/ thank/ turn t(求助)/ take(当作)/frgive/blame/ scld/ punish sb. fr sth.
catch/ pull/ shake sb. by
put/ take/ cut/ buy/ brrw sth. ff
cngratulate sb. n sth.
II.及物动词+反身代词+介词
dress neself in/ break neself f(去掉……的习惯)/ devte neself t/ thrw neself int(投身于)…
III.动词短语
通常有1)“动词+介词”,其中的动词往往是不及物动词,与介词一起相当于及物动词,因此跟宾语;2)“动词+副词”,如果其中的动词是及物动词,跟名词作宾语置于副词前后都可以,但是如果用代词作宾语则只可以置于动词与副词之间。
★以介词为中心词动词短语小结:
1.V+ with
deal with; meet with; cmpare with;
talk with; disagree with; agree with;
equip with; cmbine with与…联合; begin with;
2. V+ n
hld n继续, 不挂断; take n呈现、雇佣、接纳;
depend n依靠; insist n坚持;
carry n继续; catch n抓牢, 理解, 流行;
g n继续; rely n依靠;
keep n继续, 穿着...不脱; switch n旋开;
spend …n; take n a new lk呈现出新面貌;
try n试穿; have a pity n同情;
pass n传递; perate n给…做手术
3. V+ ut
turn ut后来是; wrk ut算出、被证明是; set ut开始;
hld ut伸出、坚持; carry ut执行; pint ut指出;
pass ut出发; hle ut救助; break ut爆发;
clean ut打扫干净; burst ut突然爆发; pick ut挑出、接收;
figure ut计算出; hand ut分发; let ut泄露;
g ut出去, 熄灭; check ut查明、结帐; carry ut进行、执行;
find ut查出; bring ut 使显示, 出版; read ut宣告开除, 把...读出; give ut发出(气味、热等), 发表, 用尽, 精疲力竭;
考例1):(XXXX湖南,30) He accidentally ______he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been hme fr a cuple f weeks.
*A. let ut B. tk care C. make sure D. make ut
点拨:A. let ut意为“泄露(秘密),不留神说出”,符合语境;take care当心;make sure确信;make ut理解。题意:他偶然不留神说出他与妻子吵过架,并且已有几周没有回家。
考例2):(XXXX湖南,22)---______fr the glass!
---It’s OK. I’m wearing shes.
*A. Lk ut B. Walk ut C. G ut D. Send ut
点拨:A. lk ut在口语中常意为“注意,小心”,通常用于祈使句,后接名词时须与fr连用,再根据“我穿着鞋子”可知A正确。又如:Lk ut r yu will catch cld.当心,否则你会感冒的walk ut罢工,退出;g ut外出,熄灭;send ut发出,寄出。
4. V+ f
read f读到; think f想到; apprve f赞成;
dream f梦见...; die f死于…; hear f听说;
cmplain f抱怨; cnsist f由…组成; talk f说道
5. V+ dwn
die dwn 渐熄; turn dwn关小、拒绝; take dwn记下;
burn dwn烧毁; clse dwn停业; cpy dwn记下;
write dwn写下; put dwn放下, 拒绝, 镇压; lie dwn 躺下;
drp dwn突然掉下; pull dwn拉下、摧毁; slw dwn (使)慢下来;
run dwn耗尽; calm dwn平静下来;
如:(NMETXXXX,31) News reprts say peace talk between the tw cuntries _____with n agreement reached.
*A. have brken dwn B. have brken ut
C. have brken in D. have brken up
点拨:A. break dwn意为“破裂,分解,(机器)出故障”,符合语境;break ut突然爆发,逃脱;break in闯入,插嘴;break up分裂,结束,解散。题意:新闻报道说那两国间的和平谈判破裂了,没有达成协议。
6. V+ ff
pay ff还清; start ff起程; leave ff中断;
bring ff圆满完成任务; call ff取消; take ff脱下、起飞;
get ff下车; set ff起程; shw ff(买弄);
wear ff逐渐消失、磨光; see ff着手; g ff变坏
cut ff切断, 断绝, 剥夺继承权
考例:(XXXX北京,33)He wasa in hspital fr mnths. He felt as if he was ____ frm the utside wrld.
A. cut ut B. cut ff C cut up D. cut thrugh
点拨:B. cut ff意为“(人,地方等)孤立”;cut ut切下,删除,剪成;cut up切碎,剁碎;cut thrugh抄近路。题意:他住院六个月,他觉得与外界隔绝了似的。
7. V+ fr
run fr 竞选 call fr请求、要求 wait fr 等待 care fr关心、喜欢
bunt fr寻找 lk fr寻找 ask fr要求 apply fr申请
prvide fr提供 lng fr希望 stand fr 代表、表示
aplgize fr道歉g in fr从事于 leave fr动身前往
wait fr等候 search fr寻找 head fr向…移去
make a dive fr 向…冲去
考例:(XXXX北京,35)I dn’t ______rck‘n’ rll. It’s much t nisy fr my taste.
A. g after B. g away with C. g int *D. g in fr
点拨: D. g in fr意为“喜爱”,与后句意义协调;g after追赶,追求;g away with 拿走,带走;g int进入,详细调查,从事。Rck‘n’ rll摇滚乐。
8.V +frm
learn frm; suffer frm; hear frm; 收到某人的来信
differ frm; turn frm(背叛); result frm由于
separate frm;
考例:(NMETXXXX23)As we jined the big crwd, I gt _______frm my friends.
*A. separated B. spared C. lst D. missed
点拨:A. 从题干中的frm的暗示和题意可以看出选A。短语separate frm的意思是“与……分开”,句意是“当我们加入一大群人时,我和朋友走散了”。
9.V+ abut
speak abut大胆地说, 大声地说; bring abut(促成);
care abut担心; leave abut乱丢;
hear abut听说; see abut考虑;
mve abut四处走动; set abut着手;
think abut考虑, 回想; cme abut发生;
ask abut打探、询问; read abut阅读而知;
quarrel abut因某事而争吵; wrry abut担心
10. V+ in
give in屈服; hand in交上; drip in顺便走访;
persist in坚持; take in接纳、受欺骗;invlve in卷入;
engage in从事; fill in填写, 填满; jin in参加;
result in(导致); trade in(交易) bring in挣得, 介绍引进;
succeed in在某方面取得成就;
11. V+ t
reply t 回答; belng t依靠; apply t(申请);
cme t(到达、谈到); stick t坚持; agree t同意;
amunt t共达到; attend t处理; see t照料、诊治;
attribute t归因于、属于; lead t通向、导致;
考例:(XXXX湖北,32) Once a decisin has been made, all f us shuld ______it.
A. direct t *B. stick t C. lead t D. refer t
点拨:B. stick t意为“坚持(规则、诺言等),与题意相符;direct t指引;lead t导致;refer t指的是,论及,参考。
12. V+ ver
g ver复习、翻阅; get ver复原、完成; carry ver继续下去;
crss ver穿过; watch ver守卫; win ver说服;
laugh ver发笑; lean ver浮在…上面; leave ver遗留;
talk ver讨论; hand ver移交; glance ver浏览;
change ver更换; lk ver检查、查阅
考例:(XXXX福建,33)It is certain that he will _______his business t his sn when he gets ld.
A. take ver B. think ver *C. hand ver D. g ver
点拨:C .hand ver 意为“移交(职位、任务等),常与t连用;take ver;接收,占据;think ver仔细考虑;g ver复习,调查。题意:当他变老时,他将其生意移交给他儿子,这是肯定的。
13. V+ up
grw up逐渐长大; d up梳理、整理; give up放弃;
hle up举起、受阻; break up(拆散、结束); end up竖着, 结束, 死;
draw up草拟, 停住; set up建立; lay up(卧床、贮存);
tear up撕开; feed up供给...食物; fix up修理, 商妥;
shw up出现; lck up锁上; eat up吃完;
use up用光; bring up(抚养); stay up挺立、熬夜;
add up加起来; make up组成; dress up打扮;
keep up保持; build up建立起来; warm up变暖、热身;
jin up连接起来; take up占用、从事; hurry up匆忙;
get up起床 pick up拣起、接受、获得、搭载;
14. V+ away
thrw away; clear away; wear away(磨损、消耗); die away(逐渐消失); pass away(去世); run away; carry away; break away; wash away; blw away(吹走)
15. V+其它
get thrugh通过、干完; carry thrugh完成;
cme thrugh收到、安然度过; live thrugh度过, 经受过;
see thrugh看穿; pass by漠视、不理会、走过;
sit by旁观; run int陷入、碰见;
gaze at(凝视); stare at盯着看;
glare at怒目瞪视; lk at看, 考虑, 着眼于;
tear at撕扯; wnder at(惊讶)
cme by从旁走过、得到、经过; wrk at; laugh at;
以动词为中心词动词短语小结:
1、run
run after追赶、伺候; run abut游荡; run acrss穿过、碰到;
run at突然袭击; run away逃走、流掉; run ff跑掉;
run dwn撞倒、耗尽; run ver(撞倒、看一遍
2、set
set back拨回、耽搁; set frth提出; set ut开始、着手;
set t开始认真干,开始大吃; set up建立、创立; set fire t放火;
set an example t sb.给…树立榜样
3、turn
turn aside闪开; turn back往回走; turn dwn关小、拒绝;
turn int变成; turn n打开; turn ut生产、结构是;
turn t转向、翻到; turn ver接管;取代; turn up举起、从事
turn away不准...入内, 走开解雇;
4、take
take away拿走; take back收回; take in接纳、欺骗;
take ut取出; take up举起、从事; take apart 拆开、严惩;
take ff脱掉、起飞; take n穿上、采纳; take t沉湎于、适应;
take ver接管、取代; take aim瞄准; take hld f抓住;
take ne’s place代替某人的职务; take a message fr给某人捎口信;
take it easy别着急; take…fr granted认为…当然;
take ne’s temperature量体温; take pride in以…自豪;
take part in参加; take ne’s seat就座;
take the side f支持某方; take the place f代替;
take great truble t d sth不辞劳苦地做某事;
take sth. by mistake错拿某物;
5、give
give up放弃; give away泄露、出卖、赠送;
give in屈服; give advice n sth提供有关…的建议;
give ne’s life fr为…而献身; give a lessn t sb. 给…上课;
give a cncert举办音乐会 give ut发出、分发;
如:(XXXX北京,23)Dn’t mentin that at the beginning f the stry, r it may _____the shcking ending.
*A. give away B. give ut C. give up D. give ff
考例:A. give away此处意为“(不经意地)泄露(秘密等)”,符合语境;give ut分配,发表,散发;give up放弃,戒除,中止,让出;give ff放出(光、烟、气味等),散发。题意:别在故事的开头就提及此事,否则会泄露令人怵木惊心的结局的。
6、get
get up起床; get t到达; get ff下车;
get thrugh干完、通过; get abut走动、传播; get acrss通过;
get dwn t着手于; get in a wrd插话; get int进入、陷入;
get ver爬过、克服; get rid f去掉; get in a way挡道;
get n well with与…相处; get in tuch with与…取得联系;
get dwn n ne’s knees跪下; get warmer变得暖和;
get used t ding sth.习惯于做某事; get tgether聚集, 收集, 积累
考例:(XXXX北京春招,27) We’re ging t ________with sme friends fr a picnic. Wuld yu like t jin us?
A. get in B. get ver C. get alng *D. get tgether
考例:D. get tgether意为“相聚(指非正式的聚会)”;get in:进入,插花,收获;get alng设法度过,过活;get ver越过,克服。题意:我们打算跟几个朋友搞个野餐聚会,你想参加吗?
7、call
call fr去接某人; call at (sme place)拜访某地;
call n sb. 拜访某人; call in召集, 召来, 来访;
call ff叫走, 放弃, 取消; call n sb. t d sth号召; call/draw ne’s attentin t 引起某人注意; call fr help引起某人的注意
8、cme
cme dwn下来; cme true实现; cme ut出来;
cme at向…扑来; cme acrss遇见; cme alng过来;
cme back回来; cme int being形成; cme t苏醒;
cme t knw终于认识到;cme up走近、发芽、被提出; cme in进来;
cme back回来; cme int pwer上台; cme thrugh安然度过;
cme frm来自于…; cme abut发生; cme n突然产生, 快点;
9、d
d a gd deed做好事; d away with废除;
d sb. wrng冤枉某人; d sme cleaning打扫除;
d ne’s hmewrk做家庭作业; d sb. a favr帮某人一个忙;
d ne’s best尽力; d gd t对…有益;
d harm t对…有害; d up束起, 重新整修, 收拾齐整
10、lk
lk abut注意看四周; lk arund环顾;
lk up仰视、查阅; lk dwn n/upn轻视;
lk upn…as把…看作; lk ver看过一遍;
lk at看, 考虑, 着眼于; lk n旁观;
lk like像..., 似...,外表特征是; lk back回头看、回归;
lk fr寻找, 期待; lk after目送, 寻求, 照顾, 关心
lk int窥视, 浏览, 观察;
11、put
put away放好、收起来; put ff推迟、延期;
put n穿上; put n weight增重;
put dwn把…放下; put…t bed哄…睡觉;
put up举起、张贴; put ne’s heart int送入、输入;
put up with容忍、忍受
考例:(NMETXXXX,32) Yu can take anything frm the shelf and read, but please _______the bks when yu’ve finished with them.
A. put n B. put dwn *C. put back D. put ff
点拨:C. put n穿上,上映;put dwn放下,写下,镇压;put back放回,拨回,阻碍;put ff延期。依据语境选择put back.
12、 pay
pay a visit t pay attentin t
pay a call pay a debt(taxes)
pay mney fr sth. pay thrugh the nse付出过高的代价
pay a call n sb. (=pay sb. a visit)访问某人
13、make
make a fire( a machine/ a hat/ a rad/ railway/ a canal…)
make a speech(a suggestin/ a prmise/ a request/ a remark…)
make a jurney (an effrt/ an ffer)
make fun f; make a fl f; make a rush fr;
make a dive fr; make use f; make ends meet;
make ne’s way; make sure; make a face扮鬼脸;
make a g f在…获得成功; make believe假装;
make the mst f最大限度地利用; make up fr补偿;
make ut辨明或看清、理解;
考例1):(NMETXXXX北京,32)The idea puzzled me s much that I stpped fr a few secnds t try t ______.
*A. make it ut B. make it ff C. make it up D. make it ver
点拨:A. make ut此处意为“理解,弄明白”,make it ut指弄明白它;make ff急忙离开;make up构成,编造,打扮,调节;make ver改(重)做,把(土地、财产等)转让。题意:这种想法使我如此迷惑不解以致停下来几秒钟尽量搞明白。
考例2):(XXXX浙江,25) We wanted t get hme befre dark, but it didn’t quite _______ as planned.
A. make ut *B. turn ut C. g n D. cme up
点拨: B. turn ut用作不及物动词,意为“产生(……的)结果。又如Everything turned ut well.一切顺遂。make ut勉强分辨出,理解;g n进行,继续;cme up出现,(真相)大白,出版。
考点六、意思相同或相近的动词短语的比较
这些动词短语的基本意思相同,甚至有时可以互换,但是在用法上和具体意义上有区别。像表示“发生”的cme abut, take place, becme f; 表示“处理”的deal with, d with等。
【典例】Mary hped that she culd have knwn hw the accident ______.
A. came abut B. became f C. was taken place D. was happened
解析:A。表示“发生”的短语通常不用被动语态,排除C,D。becme f表示“发生”, 一般用于问句或由疑问词引导的从句中,多与what连用,如:What has becme f him? 他情况怎么样?cme abut表示发生,多与hw连用。故选A
考点七、系动词词义和用法比较
注意区别表状态的连系动词与表变化的连系动词。表状态的连系动词有:stand, stay, keep, remain等;表示动作或变化有 turn, cme, becme, taste, smell, sund, lk, feel, get, fall等。
【考例】(XXXX湖北) Emergency line peratrs must always calm and make sure that they get all the infrmatin they need t send help.
A. grwB. appearC. becmeD. stay
解析:D。根据“确保得到所有派送帮组的信息”知道D正确,四个选项都可以作连系动词,题意是“保持冷静”的意思,系动词stay有“保持”的意思。故选D。
考点七、跟同源宾语的动词
有些动词通常用作不及物动词,但是也可以跟宾语,不过可以作其宾语的名词仅限于与其同根的名词,也就是从词源来考虑是同源,因此称之为同源宾语,通常不可以变为被动语态。如:
live(lead) a(an) happy/miserable/ bitter life 过着幸福/悲惨/痛苦的生活
smile a little smile微微一笑
fight a gd fight 打了一场漂亮仗
sing an Japanese sng 唱一首日本歌曲
whistle a lw whistle 吹了低声口哨
smile (a smile f) ne’s thank 笑者表示感谢
nd (a nd f) ne’s agreement 点头表示同意
kiss sb (a kiss f) gd-bye 向某人吻别
dream a terrible dream 作了一个噩梦
die a glry death 死得光荣
【真题体验】
1. (XXXX安徽) Just as Prfessr Sctti ften it, success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude.
A. gets B. makes C. puts D. means
解析:C。考查不同词义的词语辨析和熟词生义。四个备选项都是及物动词,看句子的意思感觉应该是“正如Sctti教授所说的那样”,根据常见的意思看没有合适的,但是put有“表达,叙述,说明”的意思,故选C。但是这条意义同学们接触的比较少,往往误选D。
2. (XXXX安徽) We tried t find a table fr seven, but they were all ______.
A. given away B. kept away /C. taken up D. used up
解析:C。考查动词词义辨析。句意是桌子都被“占满”了,选C。use up用完,实际上是桌子还在,只是没有空的了,use up是“用完,耗尽”的意思,不符合题意义。
3. (XXXX安徽) Dn’t be discuraged. If yu ____ such feelings, yu will d better next time.
A. carry n B. get back C. break dwn D. put away
解析:D。考查动词词组辨析。carry n继续;get back收回;break dwn抛锚,出故障;put away收起,放好,抛弃。选D。如put away all negative thughts. 抛弃所有消极的思想。get back拿回,收回;break dwn出故障;carry n继续。
4. (XXXX安徽) ---- Are yu happy with yur new cmputer?
---- N, it is ______ me a lt f truble.
A. shwing B. leaving C. giving D. sparing
解析:C。词义辨析。根据否定回答知道电脑反而增添了麻烦,选C。shw展示;leave留下,离开,使得;give给予;spare抽出。
5. (XXXX合肥一模)He sighed again and the failure in physics seemed t have cmpletely____ his cnfidence.
A.injured B.destryed C.shcked. D.attacked
解析:B。考查不同词汇的词义辨析。injure伤害,损害;destry破坏,摧毁;shck震惊;attack袭击。由sigh“叹气”和failure的提示看出是“使他完全没有信心了”。故选B。
6. (XXXX合肥一模)The sciety tday ffers the yung generatin mre chances t _______ their talent and skills.
A.give ut B.take in C.shw ff D.carry n
解析:C。考查不同动词短语的词义理解。根据宾语talent and skills和chances提示看出是“展示”的意思,shw ff意思是“炫耀,展示”,故C正确。give ut放出,发出,分发;take in吸收,欺骗;carry n继续。
7. (XXXX合肥二模) Peter didn’t d his hmewrk and then he a silly excuse t his teacher.
A. made B. had C. fund D. tk
解析:A。考查动词词义辨析。短语make an excuse意思是“找借口”。
8. (XXXX合肥二模)The by keeps cughing. And the dctr tells the parents it still needs mre time t the reasn,
A. put ff B. figure ut C. make up D. lk thrugh
解析:B。考查动词短语词义辨析。figure ut算出(想出,理解,断定,解决);put ff推出,延期;make up编造,化妆;lk thrugh浏览,翻阅。根据宾语the reasn知道是“查明原因”。故选B。
9. (XXXX合肥三模) I_______ yu an aplgy fr what I said this mrning. Anyway, I meant n ffence.
A. we B. make C. demand D. accept
解析:A。考查动词词义理解。we本来是“欠”的意思,短语we sb. an aplgy意思是“向某人道歉”,同make an aplgy t sb.故选A。
10. (XXXX合肥三模) I ____ a flu when I was n a spring uting with my classmates.
A. caught up B. picked up C. tk up D. brught up
解析:B。考查动词短语词义辨析和短语本身的多义性。pick up除了常见的“拾起,接收,获得,收拾,承载”等意思外,还有“染上(病)”的意思。catch up赶上;take up拿起,开始,从事;bring up养育,提起。
【模拟训练】
一、热身训练
1. Yu shuld always _________ the pssibility that it might rain. S yu’d better take an umbrella in case.
A. allw fr B. allw f C. answer fr D. call fr
2.— D yu knw Jane married t that rich man?
— Really? I dubt whether she has lived a happy life.
— Yu knw, she is always _______ happiness with having mney.
A. satisfying B. depending C. abandning D. assciating
3. —My sister is a typist at a freign firm.
—I knw this srt f jb ______skill and speed.
A. asks fr B. calls fr C. pays fr D. cares fr
4. These blcks yu are kicking under ft, like valueless stnes, ______ the purest gld.
A. cntain B. is C. include D. share
5. China has raised this questin t remind all cuntries t be careful when they —______ their plicies twards China.
A. decide n B. put n C. depend n D. insist n
6. When I went t see the dctr, she _______ me t give up smking immediately, but I didn’t take her advice.
A. agreed B. advised C. hped D. persuaded
7. —What d yu think f ur plan?
—It will certainly ______; it is a great idea.
A. turn int B. pay back C. pay fr D. pay ff
8. --- Write dwn the names f peple yu meet, and then ________ them.
---- Is that the way yu have made s many friends? But I dn’t want t see any stranger.
A. keep an eye n B. keep clear f C. keep ut f D. keep track f
9. Human rights lawyers have ________ the plice f beating Murkett t death.
A. charged B. accused C. praised D. arranged
10. --- What did she d with my letter yesterday?
---- She ______ yur letter and threw it away.
A. tk up B. pulled up C. tre up D. gt up
11. She awke with her bdy lazily lying there, nly slight pain t _______ her f what had happened the previus night.
A. remind B. persuade C. rb D. accuse
12. Fr years the wrkers have had t _______ lw wages and terrible wrking cnditins.
A. recgnize B. tlerate C. frbid D. respect
13. ---- What d yu think f his clthes?
---- Nt very well. In fact the clr f the shirt des nt _______ that f the cat.
A. fit B. g C. suit D. match
14. He had had a very hard time indeed t persuade the King, but he had ______ n pains.
A. shared B. cst C. paid D. spared
15. The party then ______ the whle cave thrughly but did nt find anything except an empty irn bx.
A. searched B. lked C. cnducted D. saw
二、强化训练
1. (XXXX湖北)Sme parents are just t prtective. They want t ______ their kids frm every kind f danger, real r imagined.
A. spt B. dismiss C. shelter D. distinguish
2.(XXXX湖北)During the war there was a serius lack f fd. It was nt unusual that even the wealthy families had t ______ bread fr days.
A. eat up B. give away C. d withut D. deal with
3.(XXXX湖北)The lss has nt yet been ______ accurately, but it is believed t be well beynd a hundred millin dllars.
A. calculated B. cnsidered C. cmpleted D. cntrlled
4. (XXXX四川) I used t quarrel a lt with my parents, but nw we ________fine.、
A. lk ut B. stay up C. carry n D. get alng
5.(XXXX福建)We are at yur service. Dn’t t turn t us if yu have any further prblems.
A. beg B. hesitate C. desire D. seek
6.(XXXX湖北)Wuld yu please ______ the paper fr me and see if there are any bvius mistakes?
A. lk arund B. lk int C. lk up D. lk thrugh
7.(XXXX江西)It is reprted that the plice will sn ____ the case f tw missing children.
A. lk upn B. lk after C. lk int D. lk ut
8.(XXXX全国卷I)I tried phning her ffice, but I culdn’t__________.
A. get alng B. get n C. get t D. get thrugh
9.(XXXX山东)-------D yu have enugh t ________all yur daily expenses?
--------Oh yes, enugh and t spare.
A. cver B. spend C. fill D. ffer
10. (XXXX全国卷I) Encurage yur children t try new things, but try nt t them t hard.
A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push
11.(XXXX山东)Amy jined a painting grup but didn’t seem t _______, s she left.
A. shw B. g up C. fit in D. cme ver
12.(XXXX陕西) A. ntice was in rder t remind the students f the changed lecture time.
A. sent up B. given up C. set up D. put up
13. (XXXX四川)—Have yu __________?
—N. I had the wrng number.
A. gt in B. gt away C. gt ff D. gt thrugh
14. (XXXX四川) Mum ________ t us,“Be quiet! Yur little sister’s sleeping.”
A.whispered B.shuted C.explainedD.replied
15. (XXXX浙江)Practisig Chinese kung fu can nt nly ________ ne’s strength, but als develp ne’s character.
A. bring up B. take up C. build up D. pull up
【参考答案与解析】
一、热身训练
1. A。allw fr“估计到, 考虑到; 对...留有余地”;allw f“容许”;answer fr“负责, 保证”;call fr“要求, 提倡”。根据题意知道是建议“考虑到”下雨的可能性,所以建议带雨伞。故选A。
2. D。考查动词词义辨析。句意是:--- 你知道简嫁给那个有钱人了么?--- 真的吗?我不知道她的生活是否幸福。--- 你是知道的,她总是把幸福跟拥有金钱联系在一起。satisfy“满意”;depend“依靠”;abandn“遗弃”;assciate(with)“把...联系起来”。
3. B。call fr意思是“需要”,句意是:这种工作需要技能和速度。
4. A。主语是复数,排除单数形式的B选项。根据题意应该是“含有”黄金,不是“包括”,排除C,share的意思是“分享,分摊”,不合题意。故选A。句意是:你们这样满不在乎地用脚踢来踢去的石头,里面都含着黄金。
5. A。decide n的短语动词,意思是“对……作出决定,决定……”。句意是:中国提出这样的问题是为了提醒各国决定对华政策时要谨慎。A正确。depend n依靠; insist n坚持。
6.B。A,C项不可以跟动词不定式作宾补,排除。根据but后的转折看出并没有“说服”,排除D,只有B正确,advise sb. t d sth.意思是“建议某人做某事”。故选B。
7. D。pay ff除了“还清”的意思,还有“取得成功;得到好结果”,如:Tw years f business schl really paid ff. 在商业学校就读两年真是很合算。
8. D。keep an eye n“密切注意,照料”;keep clear f“避开,不接触”;keep ut f“躲开;置身于…之外”;keep track f“(继续)了解……的情况,记住……的情况,保持联系”。根据下句提到的“你就是这样交朋友的吗?”知道选D。
9 B。根据题干的lawyers “律师”提示知道应该是“起诉”的意思,再根据后面的介词f看出是短语accuse sb. f sth.“指控某人...”。故选B。同义短语是charge sb. with sth.,注意介词搭配不同。
10. C。tear up的意思是“撕碎”,与后面的threw it away“扔掉”相联系,这些都是她对“我”所写的信的处理方式。故选C。take up“拿起, 开始从事,占有”;pull up“拔起, 停下”;get up“”,都不符合题意。
11. A。被选项都可以用Vt+sb.+f+sth.结构,但是要注意题意,根据题意选A,意思是“提醒,使……想起”。persuade sb. f sth“使某人相信……”;rb sb. f sth.“抢劫某人某物”;
12. B。根据句子的意思知道工人对低工资和恶劣的工作环境既然达到“不得不”的地步就不可能是“承认,认可”“禁止”“尊敬”,因此表示“容忍,忍受”的tlerate符合题意,句意是“多年以来工人们不得不忍受低工资和恶劣的工作环境”。故选B。
13. D。根据题干所提供的衬衫的颜色和外套的颜色可以看出是指两者的颜色的“匹配”,被选项中match的意思是“相配; 匹配”的意思,故选D。fit表示“(大小)合适”;g表示“匹配”是不及物动词,与介词with连用;suit表示“(颜色,样式等)合适”。
14. D。注意题干的转折词but,前面提到“说服国王有困难”,由此可以看出后面的意思是依然坚持做,故选D,短语spare n pains意思是“不遗余力, 全力以赴”。
不遗余力;spare n expense不惜工本等。
15. A。根据题干的thrughly“彻底地”和后面did nt find anything“没有找到任何东西”可以看出A正确,search意思是“搜索, 搜寻, 探求, 调查”。
二、强化训练
1. C。 根据上句Sme parents are just t prtective. 可知下文要说父母们想庇荫孩子们不受到任何伤害。shelter做动词可表示“保护;庇护”;spt“弄脏,认出,发现,定位”;dismiss“开除,使解散”;distinguish“区别”。
2. C。根据上句During the war there was a serius lack f fd可推测出“即使是富裕家庭也得几天吃不上面包”,应选择d withut表示“没有……勉强度过”。eat up“吃完”,give away“收拾”,deal with“应付,处理”。
3. A。根据句意可知此处表示“损失(数据)还没统计……”,应选择calculated。cnsidered“考虑”,cmpleted“完成”,cntrlled“控制”,均不符合上下文。
4. D。lk ut当心;stay up熬夜, carry n继续做,坚持干;get alng(n)(与某人)和睦相处,关系融洽。题意是“我以前常和父母吵架,但现在我们关系融洽了”。
5. B。beg乞求,乞讨,恳求;hesitate犹豫,踌躇;desire欲望;愿望;seek试图,要求。题干意思是:我们为你服务,当你有任何问题时,请毫不犹豫的向我们求助。选B。
6. D。该句意思是“请你为我检查一下文章看是否有明显错误”。lk thrugh可表示“检查,浏览”之意;lk arund“环顾”,lk int“调查”;lk up“抬头看,查阅”。
7. C。根据题意可知应选lk int “调查”。
8. D。考查考生对短语动词词义的判断能力。句意为:我试着给她办公室打电话,但没有打通。get alng 进展,相处。get n 上车;get t到达;get thrugh通过。依据句意选D。
9. A。考查词义的区别:cver 意为(钱)足够的。
10. D。句意为:鼓励你的孩子去尝试新事物,但不要把它们搞得太难了。push 推,挤,逼迫;strike 打,罢工,划燃;rush冲进,匆促行事,催;draw 拉,拖,挨近,提取,画,绘制。根据句意选D。
11. C。考查短语的区别:shw ff炫耀,卖弄;g up上升,上涨;fit in相处融洽,合得来;cme ver顺便来访。
12. D。send up:发射;give up:放弃,传上去;set up:提出,提议;竖起,升起;put up:张贴。题干意思是:一个通知被张贴出来,以便告知学生们演讲的新时间。选D。
13. D。get in”插话,收割”;get away”离开,走开”;get ff”下车”;get thrugh”接通电话,完成,到达,通过”,由此可知该题的答案为:D,意思是“你接通电话了吗?”
14. A。根据Yur little sister’s sleeping提示知道母亲讲话的声音不可能大,要求安静时应该是悄悄的说或者是耳语。故选A。
15. C。 根据宾语strength看出C正确。bring up抚养,养育;take up占用,从事;build up加强(力量),增强(体质);pull up把其,使停下。
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