高考英语语法词汇专项突破：02特殊句式之倒装句考点突破

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：02特殊句式之倒装句考点突破，共10页。试卷主要包含了完全倒装三大考点，否定词置于句首引起部分倒装，nly引起的部分倒装，as引导让步状语从句的倒装，虚拟条件句中的倒装，时间状语从句的部分倒装等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考情速递
倒装句属于典型的特殊句式，其主谓位置颠倒。根据其倒装形式又可分为部分倒装和全部倒装两种形式，该句式打破了考生对于句式的惯性思维。考点主要集中在：全部倒装与部分倒装区别；状语从句中的倒装；nly和否定副词或介词短语置于句首的倒装；虚拟语气中的部分倒装。本文根据历年高考对倒装结构的考查整理出十一个考点，以飨考生。
考点透视
一、完全倒装三大考点
完全倒装一般具有以下两个条件：①谓语动词是单个(即不带情态动词、助动词或be)的不及物动词，且只限于一般现在时或一般过去时; ②主语只能是名词。分以下三种情况：
考点一、时间、地点等副词开头引起的全部倒装
以地点副词here, there，时间副词nw, then，以及thus, hence开头，后面的动词是be, cme, exist, fall, fllw, g, lie, live, remain, seem, stand等，而主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装句。如：
There ges the bell! = The bell is ringing. 铃响了!
Once upn a time, there lived an ld man wh had tw beautiful daughters.
从前，有一个老人，他有两个美丽的女儿。
Then came the hur we had been lking frward t. 我们期盼的时候到了。
Thus cmes the mdern civilizatin f industry, agriculture and science.
现代工业文明、农业和科学就是因此发展的。
【典题】没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。（than）（XXXX上海卷.翻译.3）
答案与解析：There is nthing mre exciting than being allwed t take part in the space travel prgramme. 据句意看出属于there be句型，是倒装句，主语是nthing，由than提示看出用mre…than…结构的比较级。
考点二、表示趋向的副词或地点状语置于句首引起的全部倒装
表示运动方向的dwn, up, in, ut, away 等副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装。如果表示方向的词后面不是名词，如代词，则不倒装。
Arund the crner walks a yung pliceman. 拐角处有个年轻的警察在行走。如：
Dwn jumped the burglar frm the tenth flr when he heard smene shuted at him.
当听到有人喊叫，窃贼一下子从十楼跳了下来。
【考例1】Amng the crises that face humans (be) the lack f natural resurces. (改编自XXXX年上海39)
答案与解析：is。句中的the lack f natural resurces是主语，be动词用单数，再根据前面face看出是一般现在时，所以用is。
【考例2】（XXXX重庆卷） At the meeting place f the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, ne f the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies ChngqingB. Chngqing liesC. des lie ChngqingD. des Chngqing lie
答案与解析：A。表示方位的地点状语提前时句子用完全倒装，前面是at引起的表示方位的介词短语，句子的主语是Chngqing。故选A。句意是：在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处坐落着中国十大城市之一 —— 重庆。
考点三、与be动词一起的部分谓语前置引起的全部倒装
有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成全部倒装，即：(表语)adj. / v-ing / v-ed +(地点状语)+ be(或其他动词形式) +主语……的结构。如：
T be carefully cnsidered are the fllwing questins. 下列问题要仔细考虑。
【典题1】_____(presence) at the meeting were the manager, all the designers and the writer.
【典题2】______ (sit) at the back f the classrm were several ld teachers, listening attentively t the new teacher.
【典题3】_____ (g) are the days when farmers lived in the pr huses.
【典题4】_____ (type) fr China is the crsstalk shw, where a pair f cmedians entertains the audience with wrd play.
答案与解析：四个句子中都有be动词，而且都是全部倒装结构。
1. Present。表语用形容词，句意是：出席会议的有经理，设计师和作家。
2. Sitting。sit是不及物动词，不可能用被动语态，根据句意用进行时ing形式，句意是：坐在教室后面的是几位老教师，他们在认真地听新教师的课。
3. Gne。表语用形容词，句意是：农民住在破旧房子里的日子过去了。
4. Typical。表语用形容词，意思是“典型的”，句意是：相声是中国典型的喜剧，两个演员通过玩弄词藻来逗乐观众。
二、部分倒装三大考点
考点四、否定词置于句首引起部分倒装
否定词及含有否定意义的词组修饰状语时，若置句首，句子的主谓要部分倒装。
常用否定词有nt, never, n, neither, hardly, scarcely, little, seldm, rarely, nwhere, n mre, still less(更不用说，更何况), n lnger/at n time/n n accunt/ in n respect/ in n sense/by n means/ in n way/ under n circumstances(决不)等。如：
【考例1】Nt nce ________ (d) it ccur t Michael that he culd ne day becme a tp student in his class. (改编自XXXX湖南35)
答案与解析：did。否定词置于句首要求用部分倒装结构，根据从句culd看出是一般过去时，助动词用did。
【考例2】________ n time did they actually break the rules f the game. It was unfair t punish them. (改编自XXXX辽宁26)
答案与解析：At。根据部分倒装结构和后面句子的意思看出是否定意义，短语at n time意思是“决不”。注意in n time意思是“立刻，马上”，不需要倒装。
【考例3】（XXXX陕西卷）Little abut her wn safety, thugh she was in great danger herself.
A. did Rse care B. Rse did care C. Rse des care D. des Rse care
答案与解析：A。little是具有否定意义的词，位于句首时句子用部分倒装。故选A。句意是：尽管她自身处境危险，但是她一点都不在乎自己的安危。
【考例4】（2018上海春考）Rarely (21)________I need t prepare family dinner every day.
答案：d
【考例5】（2019·天津卷）The prfessr warned tie students that n n accunt _____________ use mbile phnes in his class.
A. shuld they B. they shuld C. dare they D. they dare
答案与解析：A。考查部分倒装。n n accunt决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做shuld d，敢于做dare d，根据句意表示”应该“，故选A。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。
考点五、nly引起的部分倒装
以nly修饰状语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装。如：
【考例】_____ when Lily walked int the ffice did she realize that she had left the cntract at hme. (改编自XXXX·天津3)
答案与解析：Only。根据did she realize看出是部分倒装结构，并且when引导的是状语从句，可以推出是nly置于句首强调状语。注意如果nly置于句首强调的不是状语则不需要倒装，如:Only Tm can slve the prblem.。
考点六、s/neither/nr引起的部分倒装
s/neither/nr表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时用倒装结构，即：s/neither/nr+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(s表示肯定意义，neither/nr表示否定意义)。如：
【考例1】The headmaster will nt permit the change in the curse, nr will he even give it a thught. (XXXX重庆卷33)
【考例2】— I dn’t knw abut yu, but I’m sick and tired f this weather.
—S _____ I. I can’t stand all this rain. (改编自XXXX山东卷21)
答案与解析：am。根据I’m sick and…和I can’t stand all this rain知道I也是同样的感受，相当于I’m sick and tired f this weather, t. 所以用am。
【考例3】（2019上海春考）让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。(s)
答案与解析：What makes my parents very satisfied is that the dinning rm f this flat can verlk the Century Park acrss the street, s can its living rm. s表示肯定意义“也可以，也同样”，用部分倒装结构。
三、状语从句中的部分倒装四大考点
考点七、as引导让步状语从句的倒装
as引导让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构，但不是主谓倒装，而是将被强调的内容置于句首。结构为：名词/形容词、副词+as (thugh)+主语+动词…。注意thugh倒装与否均可。如：
Much as I hpe I may gain weight, (yet) I am still as thin as befre.
虽然我非常希望增加体重，但我仍然像以前一样的瘦。
Hard thugh they tried, they culdn’t make her change her mind.
尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。
【典题】By ______ he is, he can take care f himself and lives a cmpletely independent life.
答案与解析：as/thugh。根据by没有冠词和前后的让步关系确定用as，此处也可以用thugh，注意: as引导的让步状语从句如果是系表结构，表语是可数名词单数时不用冠词。
考点八、虚拟条件句中的倒装
虚拟条件句省略 if 时, 从句中的were, shuld, had需置于句首，用部分倒装。如：
Were I a bird, I culd fly free in the sky .如果我是一只鸟，我就能在天空里自由飞翔。
【考例1】______ there n mdern telecmmunicatins, we wuld have t wait fr weeks t get news frm arund the wrld. (改编自XXXX福建卷32)
答案与解析：Were。根据wuld看出是虚拟语气，再根据there和句意看出是there be句型，省掉if用部分到装。
【考例2】________ he caught the mrning train, he wuld nt have been late fr the meeting. (改编自XXXX天津卷15)
答案与解析：Had。根据wuld nt have been看出是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成时，构成过去完成时的助动词had置于句首，省掉if用部分到装。
【考例3】This printer is f gd quality. ______ it break dwn within the first year,we wuld repair it. 改编自XXXX天津卷)
答案与解析：Shuld。根据wuld看出是虚拟假设，相当于if it shuld break dwn，表示与将来事实相反的假设，省掉if用部分到装。
【考例4】（2017·江苏卷）_______ nt fr the supprt f the teachers, the student culd nt vercme her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
答案与解析：B。考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/shuld/had提前，即Were /Shuld/ Had I...，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。
考点九、s…that…结果状语从句的部分倒装
该句型的s…置于句首，即S adj./adv…that…时，此时s引导的句子用部分倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装。
【典题】______ clearly des he speak English that he can always make himself understd.
答案与解析：S。根据句子前后的因果关系和that看出属于s…that句型，再根据主句部分倒装结构和副词clearly确定用S。
考点十、时间状语从句的部分倒装
hardly/scarcely….when…, n sner…than…, nt until中的否定副词置于句首时，主句部分用部分用部分倒装结构。
【考例1】N _______ had M Yan stepped n the stage than the audience brke int thunderus applause. (改编自XXXX陕西卷17)
答案与解析：sner。根据than和n提示看出是n sner…than…结构。
【考例2】Nt _________ he went thrugh real hardship did he realize the lve we have fr ur families is imprtant. (改编自XXXX福建34)
答案与解析：until。根据后面的部分倒装did he realize，结合句意和Nt看出是nt until句型。
【考例3】（XXXX江西卷）Nt until he left his hme ______ t knw hw imprtant the family was fr him.A did he begin B had he begun C he began D he had begun
答案与解析： A。nt until放在句首要用部分倒装, 句中的begin发生在left之后或同时发生，不用完成时。故选Ａ。句意是：直到他离开家，才知道家庭对他是多么重要。
四、并列句部分倒装考点
考点十一、nt nly…but als…引起的部分倒装
nt nly…but als…用来并列两个句子时，前一个分句的谓语动词用部分倒装结构，后一分句不变。
【考例1】Nt _____ d the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hurs as well. (改编自XXXX全国大纲卷26)
答案与解析：nly。后一分句的as well意思相当于but als，再根据nt和前一分句的部分倒装结构看出是nt nly…but als…句型。
【考例2】（2017 上海春考）Nt nly ____________the writers speak with peple wh study culture and grup behavir, but als they talked with animals experts like zkeepers
答案与解析：did。根据题干的nt als和句子结构看出是并列两个分句，因此前一个分句需要用部分倒装结构，再根据后一分句的谓语动词talked的时态看出是一般过去时。故填did。
附件：为了便于对倒装句的整体把握，参见下表：
表一：完全倒装结构：
表二：部分倒装结构：
【即时演练】根据汉语提示用倒装句结构补全下列句子。
1. It takes lnger fr a special rder, but _______(绝不会超过六个月). (in n case)
2. Only when a great deal mre infrmatin has been btained, _______(才有可能筹划载人的火星之行). (plan)
3. ________(火车开得非常之快) that he culd nt jump n. (S+adv)
4. He went fishing yesterday, ________(他的妈妈也去了). (s d…)
5. ________(日子一去不复返了) we Chinese used freign il.(gne)
6. ________(他一听到这个消息) when he burst int tears. (hardly)
7. Once__________(住着一位老渔夫) in a village by the sea. (there)
8. _________(尽管他还是个孩子), he can speak three freign languages fluently. (as/thugh)
9. Lk! ______(有个穿黑色衣服的人) in the distance.(there)
10. ________(不仅他所拥有的一切被剥夺了), but als his German citizenship, (take away)
Keys:
1. in n case will it take lnger than six mnths 2. will it be pssible t plan a manned trip t Mars
3. S fast was the train mving 4. and s did his mther
5. Gne are the days when 6. Hardly had he heard the news
7. there lived an ld fisherman 8. By as/thugh he is
9. There seems t be a man in black 10. Nt nly was everything he had was taken away
项目
用法简析
例题(句)
完全倒装结构
there引出完全倒装句，除最常见的there be句型外，还可接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem t be, stand等，一般都译成“有”的含义。
考例：(XXXX·陕西卷) Jhn pened the dr. There _____ he had never seen befre.
A. a girl did stand B. a girl std
C. did a girl stand D. std a girl
考例： (XXXX·江苏卷) ---Is everyne here?
---Nt yet. Lk, there_______ the rest f ur guests!
A. cme B. cmes C. is cming D. are cming
为了使描绘的生动，表示方向的副词up，dwn，ut，in，away等放在句首时句子要完全倒装。注意不用进行时态，如果主语是代词则主谓不倒装。
典题：Up went the prices and ______.
A. the living standard came dwn
B. came dwn the living standard
C. dwn the living standard came
D. dwn came the living standard
有些句子没有宾语，而句子的主语又比较长时，可以把作状语时间的副词(nw, then)、地点的副词(here, there)和地点的介词等提前，后面用完全倒装，代词主语不倒装。
考例1：（XXXX·重庆卷）At the meeting place f the Yangtze River and Jialing River , ne f the largest cities in China.
A. lies Chngqing B. Chngqing lies
C. des lie Chngqing D. des Chngqing lie
项目
用法简析
例题(句)
部分倒装结构
构成疑问句通常须使用倒装结构，这是语法结构的需要。
When are we ging t drink t yur happiness?
我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒?
直接引语位于句首时，引述分句的主语是名词常用倒装结构，是代词则主谓不倒装。
“Great!” said my father.” "I'll g there.”
“What d yu mean?” he asked.
在if引导的含有shuld, had, were虚拟条件句中，如果省略if后，则把shuld, had, were提至句首形成部分倒装。
考例：(XXXX·湖北卷) Had he her prmise, she wuld have made it t Yale University.
A. lked up t B. lived up t
C. kept up with D. cme up with
作状语的含有否定意义的词或短语放在句首(包括从句句首)时，这些否定副词有barely，hardly，little，few, seldm，never，rarely，n mre，nr，nt，neither，nwhere，n lnger, nt until…等。
考例：(XXXX·四川卷) Nt until I came hme last night ________ t bed.
A. Mum did g B. did Mum g
C. went Mum D. Mum went
考例：(XXXX·陕西卷) Little ______abut her wn safety, thugh she was in great danger herself.
A. did Rse care B. Rse did care
C. Rse des care D. des Rse care
考例：(XXXX·福建卷) ---- It’s nice. Never befre such a special drink!
----I’m glad yu like it.
A.I have had B. I had C. have I had D. had I
表“决不”的介词短语by n means, n n accunt, in n case，under n circumstances,, in n way, at n time置于句首时。
At n time/Under n circumstances/By n means/In n case will China first use nuclear weapns. 中国决不首先使用核武器。
表示“一…就…”hardly/ scarcely…when，n sner… than中hardly/scarcely和n sner置于句首时，通常主句部分要用过去完成时，从句谓动用一般过去时。
考例：(XXXX·天津卷) --- Did Linda see the traffic accident?
--- N, n sner _____ than it happened.
A. had she gne B. she had gne
C. has she gne D. she has gne
“nly + 状语”放在句首, 如果置于句首的nly修饰的不是状语则不倒装。
考例：(XXXX·湖南卷) Only after they had discussed the matter fr several hurs _______a decisin.
A. they reached B. did they reach
C. they reach D. d they reach
考例： (XXXX·全国新课标卷) Only when he reached the tea-huse it was the same place he’d been in last year.
A. he realized B. he did realize C. realized heD. did he realize
nt nly…but als…并列两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装。
考例：(XXXX·江西卷)Nt until he left his hme _____ t knw hw imprtant the family was fr him.
A. did he begin B. had he begun
C. he began D. he has began
s+a./ad.以及t such a degree，t such an extent, t such a pint放在句首，表示程度，句子(主句)要部分倒装。
考例：(XXXX·上海卷) S much f interest ___ that mst visitrs simply run ut f time befre seeing it all.
A. ffers BeijingB. Beijing ffers
C. des Beijing ffer D. Beijing des ffer
考例： (XXXX·山东卷) S sudden ________that the enemy had n time t escape.
A. did the attack B. the attack did
C. was the attack D. the attack was
有些表示“感叹、祝愿”等语气的句子，也可使用倒装结构。
May Gd bless yu! 愿上帝保佑你！
Lng live Chairman Ma! 毛主席万岁！