高考英语语法词汇专项突破：03名词性从句特殊考点全突破+巩固训练

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：03名词性从句特殊考点全突破+巩固训练，共11页。

考点一：连词whether和if在名词性从句中的用法
【考例】
1.Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f the time, they agreed.（2022年浙江1月卷）
答案与解析：whether或if。考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cbb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
2．All the peple have incredible ideas t share, but what matters is _________ we’re able t carry them ut.（2023年天津滨海新区八校联考）
A．which B．as C．whether D．what
答案与解析：C。考查表语从句。句意：所有人都有不可思议的想法可以分享，但重要的是我们是否能够把它们付诸实践。A. which哪一个； B. as正如……那样； C. whether是否； D. what什么。结合句中“All the peple have incredible ideas t share, but what matters is”及“we’re able t carry them ut”可知，此处指人们的不可思议的想法是否能够付诸实践，选项C符合题意，故选C。
3. We haven’t settled the questin f ___ it is necessary fr him t study abrad. (XXXX江苏)
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
答案与解析：C。考查名词性从句之宾语从句。结合所学知识可知能够和介词搭配的连接词没有if，首先排除；另外结合具体语境可知句子意思为：我们还没有解决对于他是否有必要出国学习的问题。结合语境和答案可知句子___ it is necessary fr him t study abrad中应该是作出选择的情况，表示“是否有必要的问题”。故选C。
4. Elephants have their wn way t tell the shape f an bject and ___ it is rugh r smth. (XXXX天津）
A. / B. whether C. hw D. what
答案与解析：B。考查名词性从句之宾语从句。结合语境可知动词tell后面需要接两个宾语，另外句子中存在连接词and。再结合平时的知识：和r连用的引导词是whether。句子意思：大象有它自己辨别物体形状及物体是粗糙还是光滑的方法。故选B。
5. I want t knw ___ the thief was caught n the spt. （XXXX上海春）
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
答案与解析：D。考查名词性从句之宾语从句。从句不缺主、宾、表、定等成分，因此排除连接代词which和what，根据前面“想知道”看出表示“是否”。故选D。句子意思：我想知道那个小偷是不是在现场被抓的。
6. At first, he hated the new jb but decided t give himself a few mnths t see _____ it gt any better. (XXXX北京)
A. when B. hw C. why D. if
答案与解析：D。考查名词性从句之表语从句。不妨用排除法，C是表示的原因，显然在这里是不通的，对于AB，A是说，什么时间会变得更好，B是说是以一个怎样的方式变得更好，但是这句话前后比较的是‘情况’，而非时间或者方式。故选D。句意是：一开始，他不喜欢这个新工作，但是他决定给自己几个月的时间来看看情况是否会有所好转。
7. It is nt immediately clear _____ the financial crisis will sn be ver. (XXXX上海)
A. since B. what C. when D. whether
答案与解析：D。考查名词性从句之主语从句。根据主句的 nt immediately clear看出句子的意思是“是否”。故选D。句意是：目前还不清楚金融危机是否会很快结束。
【重点归纳】
whether和if引导名词性从句时，意为“是否”，不充当句子成分，但不可省略。两个连词在使用中有如下规定：
在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句及介词后的宾语从句中，只能用whether，不用if；在动词后的宾语从句中一般可以通用，但在以下情况不能通用：
后面有r, r nt时常用whether；
宾语从句前置时常用whether；
宾语从句是否定句时常用if。
考点二：对一些固定结构或特殊句型的考查
【考例】
1. One reasn fr her preference fr city life is _____ she can have easy access t places like shps and restaurants. (XXXX上海)
A. that B. hw C. what D. why
答案与解析：A。在is后面的表语从句中，句子结构完整，故选A，that在表语从句中不作任何成分。hw, what以及why在句子中要作成分，故排除。故选A。句型是：The reasn is that...。句意：她偏爱城市生活的一个原因就是她可以很容易地进出像商店和饭店这样的地方。
2. What the dctrs really dubt is _____ my mther will recver frm the serius disease sn. （XXXX上海春）
A. when B. hw C. whether D. why
答案与解析：C。“________ my mther will recver frm the serius disease sn．”是一个表语从句。根据dubt可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。故选C。句意为：医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。
3. Engines are t machines ___ hearts are t animals.（XXXX山东）
A. as B. that C. what D. which
答案与解析：C。本题是固定搭配：A is t B what C is t D，意思是A对于B犹如C对于D。是连接代词what的特殊用法。句意是：引擎对于机器来说就好像心脏对于动物那样重要。还有的例句如：Air is t human beings what pasta is t Italian. 空气对于人类就好像意大利面对于意大利人一样重要。（意大利人的特殊爱好：意大利面）
4. A stry ges ___ Elizabeth = 1 \* ROMAN I f England liked nthing mre than being surrunded by clever and qualified nblemen at curt. (XXXX上海)
A. when B. where C. what D. that
答案与解析：D。考查名词性从句之同位语从句。本题的同位语从句与其对应的同位名词被谓语动词ges隔开了，这是因为谓语动词太短，为了保持句子的平衡。根据句子的意思看出A stry 指的就是Elizabeth I f England liked nthing mre than being surrunded by clever and qualified nblemen at curt.，作同位语从句，而且同位语从句不缺成分，所以用连词that。故选D。句意是：伊丽莎白一世喜欢在公开的场合被聪明体面地贵族先生们拥簇着的这个传闻不胫而走。
【重点归纳】
名词性从句中有一些固定句式，如：
The reasn why / fr … is that …。其中why引导定语从句，主语是reasn时，常用that引导表语从句，如题1。
News / Wrd came that …，其中that引导同位语从句。
dubt作为动词或名词在否定句中，通常用that引导名词性从句，在肯定句或疑问句中通常用whether引导。如题2。
句型：A is t B what C is t D意为“A 对于B正如C对于D一样”。如题3。
句型：A stry ges that …意为“据说 / 传说……”。如题4。
考点三：巧设“分隔现象”或“插入现象”
【考例】
1. News came frm the schl ffice _____ Wang Lin had been admitted t Beijing University. (XXXX四川)
A. which B. what C. that D. where
答案与解析：C。考查名词性从句之同位语从句。句中Wang Lin had been admitted t Beijing University解释news的内容，是一个同位语从句，同位语从句与同位名词被谓语部分frm the schl ffice隔开，是为了保持句子的平衡，避免头重脚轻。从句成份完整，因此要用that来连接，且that不可省略；which连接定语从句，且要充当从句的主语或宾语；what连接名词性从句要做成分；where连接名词性从句时，在从句中作地点状语；题干中的同位语从句解释news的内容，且从句结构完整，不缺成分。故选C。句意是：从学校办公室传来了王林被北京大学录取的消息．
2. The cmpanies are wrking tgether t create _____ they hpe will be the best means f transprt in the 21st century. (XXXX北京)
A. which B. that C. what D. wh
答案与解析：C。考查名词性从句之表语从句。 t create ______ they hpe will be the best means f transprt in the 21st century为不定式短语，做主句的目的状语从句。其中create后面为宾语从句。 宾语从句中，忽略插入语they hpe，即从句变成：______ will be the best means f transprt in the 21st century.很明显，该从句缺少一个表sth的主语，所以只能用what来代替并引导该宾语从句。wh指人，排除D；that表明该从句不缺少任何成分，排除B；which引导名词性从句时，意思是“哪一个”，要求有可供选择的范围，排除。C. what做宾语，表示…事情。所以选C。句意是：众公司正在齐心协力地工作，以创造出它们希望会是21世纪最佳运输方式。
3. — What did yur parents think abut yur decisin?
— They always let me d ___ I think I shuld. (XXXX全国Ⅱ）
A. when B. that C. hw D. what
答案与解析：D。考查名词性从句之表语从句。去掉插入语I think则可以明确这里要用what, d后面是句宾语从句, 宾语从句的谓语是shuld（d)，从句少了宾语, 要用连接代词what连接，连词that只有当名词性从句完整的时候才用that，其本身在名词性从句中不做任何成分，只起连接作用。句意是：---- 你父母对你的决定怎么看? ---- 他们总是让我做我认为应该做的事。
4. — It’s thirty years since we last met.
— But I still remember the stry, believe it r nt, ___ we gt lst n a rainy night. (XXXX四川)
A. which B. that C. what D. when
答案与解析：B。that在此引导同位语从句，说明名词the stry的具体内容。此题的难点是，其中插入了believe it r nt，使问题变得复杂了。此题还会因为有逗号而误以为是非限制性定语从句。句意是：——自从上次见面已经三十年了。——但是，信不信由你，我依然记得我们在雨夜迷路的事。
【重点归纳】
名词性从句的分割现象旨在考查学生的审题、分析能力及对特殊问题的应变能力，做此类题时要抛开插入语或其它成份，或还原成正常语序才能选出正确的连接词。主要体现在两个方面：
名词与其同位语从句被谓语分开的现象，如题1；名词与其同位语从句被一些短语分开，如题4。
从句中有插入语。如题2中的they hpe，题3中的I think。
考点四：-ever类词引导名词性从句
【考例】
1．My grandmther helped me believe that I culd accmplish ____________ I put my mind t.（2020年5月天津卷）
A．wheneverB．whateverC．whereverD．whichever
答案与解析：B。考查宾语从句。A. whenever无论何时；B. whatever 无论什么，任何；C. wherever无论何地；D. whichever无论哪一个。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句连接词，从句缺少宾语，应用连接代词，再结合句意，此处用“任何”符合语境，故选B项。句意：我的祖母让我相信，我可以完成任何我专心去做的事情。
2．The gld medal will be awarded t _______ wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018·天津）
A．whmever B．wherever C．whever D．whatever
答案与解析：C。考查名词性从句连接词。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。
3. T imprve the quality f ur prducts, we asked fr suggestins _____ had used the prducts. (XXXX重庆)
A. whever B. wh C. whichever D. which
答案与解析：A。考查名词性从句之宾语从句。根据句子的意思看出结构是ask sb fr suggestins, 这里缺sb, 就用代词whever来代替，这里是宾语从句。ask sb fr suggestins是动词词组在整个句子中，wh侧重于指事情，whever="anyne" wh侧重于指人。这里考生容易误选B。故选A。句意：为了提高我们产品的质量，我们征求了用过的人的建议。
4. Culd I speak t _____ is in charge f Internatinal Sales please? (XXXX全国 = 1 \* ROMAN I)
A. them B. what C. whever D. whatever
答案与解析：C。考查名词性从句之宾语从句。“is in charge f Internatinal Sales ”宾语从句，缺少作主语的引导词。其中A不是连词不可以引导句子；B和D选项不指人；所以用whever引导宾语从句，相当于anyne wh, the persn wh。句意是：我要找负责国际销售的人接电话。
5. She is very dear t us. We have been prepared t d _____ it takes t save her life.（XXXX湖南）
A. whichever B. hwever C. whatever D. whever
答案与解析：C。考查名词性从句的之宾语从句。因为d的后面接的是一个宾语从句，而且句子中的take是及物动词，意为“花费，需要”。C项引导宾语从句并在句中做宾语。B项是连接副词无法充当take的宾语。D项意思是“无论哪一个”，不符合题意。故选C。句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。
【重点归纳】
-ever类词引导名词性从句时可以转化为定语从句，表示“无论哪一个人或物”，如题1的whever had used the prducts = anybdy wh had used the prducts，题2 的whever is in charge = any persn wh is in charge，题3的whatever it takes = anything that it takes，题4的whever wants t d the jb = everyne wh wants t d the jb。
考点五、宾语从句、as if/as thugh从句和特定句型的虚拟语气
1. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
在表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词引出的宾语从句中，从句谓动用虚拟语气均为shuld+动词原形，其中shuld可以省去。如suggest / advise/ recmmend/ prpse/ beg/ insist/ ask/ urge(催促)/ vte/ prefer/ request/ require/ demand/ rder/ cmmand等。
【考例】
1.My mm suggests that we eat ut fr a change this weekend. (XXXX·陕西卷)
A. shuld B. might C. culd D. wuld
答案与解析：A。suggest表示“建议”，跟宾语从句时谓动用shud+ d形式的虚拟语气，其中shuld也可以省掉。注意：suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“坚持某种事实，坚持说”，仍用陈述语气。如：He insisted that he was nt a thief. / The expressin n his face suggested that he was nt satisfied with the result.。
(XXXX·浙江卷) Eye dctrs recmmend that a child’s first eye exam _____ (be) at the age f six mnths ld.
A. wasB. beC. wereD. did
答案与解析：B。recmmend表示“建议”，宾语从句用虚拟语气shuld d形式,其中shuld 可以省掉，所以是be。
2. as if/as thugh从句的虚拟语气
as if引导表语从句或方式状语从句时，从句所表达的动作如果明显不符合实际情况，用虚拟语气，如果是真实情况，则用陈述语气即可。从句动作和主句动作同时进行，则从句使用一般过去时或过去进行时；从句动作发生在主句动作之前，则从句使用过去完成时。
3.It was Jhn wh brke the windw. Why are yu talking t me as if I ____ it? (XXXX·重庆卷)
A. had dne B. have dne C. did D. am ding
答案与解析: A。Jhn打坏了窗户，为什么跟“我”谈话？好像是“我”打坏了窗户似的。题中break表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if / thugh后面的从句用had dne表示对“过去”的虚拟。
3. 特殊句式的虚拟语气
It’s (high/ very) time that…表示 “早该/确实该做某事”，谓动用did或shuld d；sb. wuld rather sb. …从句谓动根据情况用一般过去时或过去完成时。
4. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he _____ smething instead f just talking. (XXXX·辽宁卷)
A. will d B. has dne C. d D. did
答案与解析：D。在句型 “It’s (high/ very) time that…”中， 从句中的谓语动词用did或shuld d，所以选D项。
5. We wuld rather ur daughter ________ at hme with us, but it is her chice, and she is nt a child any lnger. (XXXX·陕西卷)
A. wuld stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay
答案与解析：C。wuld rather后直接跟宾语从句时，从句不用that连接。①如果表示现在或将来要做的事情,从句的谓语动词用一般过去式。②如果谈论过去动作,从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。根据wuld rather后的ur daughter看出所填的是宾语从句的谓语动词，从句谓动用虚拟语气，再根据后面的一般现在时看出用一般过去时。
Grammar quiz语法小测
I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。
1. ______ the jb takes a significant amunt f time, mst students agree that the experience is wrth it. (XXXX·湖南卷)
A. If nly B. After C．Althugh D．In case
2. _____the damage is dne, it will take many years fr the farmland t recver. (XXXX·北京卷)
A. Until B. Unless C. Once D. Althugh
3. Yu will never gain success_______ yu are fully devted t yur wrk. (XXXX·湖南卷)
A. whenB. becauseC. afterD. unless
4. I'll be ut fr sme time. ______ anything imprtant happens, call me up immediately. (XXXX·四川卷)
A. In case B. As ifC. Even thughD. Nw that
5. I'd rather yu _________ her at the airprt tmrrw mrning.
A. will meetB. meetC. had metD. met
6. ______ he nce felt like giving up, he nw has the determinatin t push further and keep n ging. (XXXX·安徽卷)
A. WhereB. AsC. In caseD. Nw that
7. Jane’s pale face suggested that she______ill，and her parents suggested that she________a medical examinatin.
A. be；shuld haveB. was；haveC. shuld be；hadD. was；has
8. When a pencil is partly in a glass f water, it lks as if it ______.
A. breaks B.has brken C. were brken D. had been brken
II. 根据汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. _________________（有消息传来）ur sprts meeting had been put ff.
2. 是你说的而不是你做的让我吃惊。
It was ____ yu said nt ____ yu did _____ surprised me.
3. ________________(他是否诚实，值得怀疑), which makes us think ver the matter again.
4. __________ (店老板的建议) the shp be pen at 5:30 am in summer.
5. The reasn why he is late is __________ (他的妻子病了).
6. __________（无论谁离开教室）last shuld clse the dr.
III. 从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。
1. I had neither a raincat nr an umbrella. ___ I gt wet thrugh.
A. There’s the reasn B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s hw
2. ___ we will g camping tmrrw depends n the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. There
3. Dinner was almst ver when Dan still lked hungry and asked Dave ___ he was ging t have sme bread.
A. that B. if C. what D. /
4. Eat _____ cake yu like and leave the thers fr ______ cmes late.
A. any; wh B. every; whmever C. whichever; whever D. either; whever
5. Parents are taught t understand ___ imprtant educatin is t the children in the future.
A. that B. hw C. such D. s
6. The businessmen d business alng ___ was called “The Silk Rad” in ancient China.
A. where B. in which C. that D. what
7. I dn’t remember hw many years ag ___ I last shwed yu arund the farm.
A. it was that B. was it that C. it was when D. was it when
8. ___ David says sunds right t Helen. That’s why she has made up her mind nt t leave him ___ happen.
A. Whatever; n matter what B. N matter what; n matter what
C. N matter what; whatever D. Whatever; hwever
9. The rder came ___ the sldiers ___ the small village the next mrning.
A. that; had t leave B. that; shuld leave
C. /; must leave D. when; shuld leave
10. The reasn ___ they were nt accepted is ___ they didn’t receive enugh educatin.
A. why; hw B. that; fr C. why; that D. that; why
IV. Sentence drills 句型巡航: 翻译高手
根据汉语和括号中的提示翻译下面的句子。
1. 他很可能来自于意大利，因为他说英语时带有明显的意大利口音。(It is likely that …)
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2. 那就是大多数人喜欢看电视而不喜欢听音乐的原因。(That’s why …)
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3. 到汽车发明时，对很多人来讲，马车是他们主要的交通工具。(by the time引导从句)
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4. 这对双胞胎外表很像，然而他们的爱好却大相径庭。(while)
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5. 这种不知名的疾病已经蔓延的消息使人们都感到恐慌。(同位语从句)
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6. 她有很多鞋，主要原因是她不能抵制买新鞋的欲望。(mainly because)

Suggested Answers:
I. 1-4 CCDA 5-8 DABC
II. 1. News came that
2. what; what; that
3. There is sme dubt whether he is hnest
4. The shp wner’s suggestin is that
5. that his wife is ill
6. Whever leaves the classrm
III.1-5 BBBCB 6-10 DAABC
IV. 1. It is likely that he is frm Italy, because he speaks English with a distinct Italian accent.
2. That is why the majrity f peple prefer watching TV t listening t the music.
3. By the time the car was invented, fr mst peple, the carriage was their main means f transprtatin.
4. The twins lk alike while they differ widely in their tastes.
5. The news that the unknwn disease had begun t spread caused a panic amng peple.
6. She has lts f shes, which is mainly because she can nt resist buying new shes.