高考英语语法词汇专项突破:04聚焦虚拟语气考点设置与解题策略+巩固练习+答案
展开【高考真题展示】
【考例1】(2019年江苏卷)What a pity! Yu missed the sightseeing, r we _________a gd time tgether.
A. Had B. will have C. wuld have had D. had had
答案与解析:C,考查虚拟语气。根据上文,可知是对过去事情的虚拟,与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+shuld(wuld, culd, might)+现在完成时+其他,故选C。句意:真遗憾!你错过了这次观光,否则,我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。
【考例2】(2017·天津·高考真题)Ten days are devted t this training prgram and ________ it be unsuccessful, it culd be repeated later.
A.shuldB.culdC.mightD.wuld
答案与解析:A。考查虚拟语气。结合后文“ it culd be repeated later.”可知,此处表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句,主句用wuld (shuld, culd, might) +动词原形,从句动词用过去式(be 通常用were)或用 shuld+动词原形或 were t+动词原形;且而虚拟条件句中,如有were、shuld或had,可将if省略,将were、shuld或had提前至句首构成倒装。故选A。句意:我们用了10天的时间来完成这个训练计划,如果不成功,以后还可以重复。
【考例3】(2018年北京卷)They might have fund a better htel if they _________ a few mre kilmeters.
A. drve B. wuld drive C. were t drive D. had driven
答案与解析:D。考查虚拟语气。由“they might have fund a better htel”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few mre kilmeters是条件句部分,表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故D选项正确。句意:如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。
【考例4】(2018年江苏卷)It’s strange that he _______ have taken the bks withut the wner’s permissin.
A. wuld B. shuld C. culd D. might
答案与解析:B。考查虚拟语气。在句型”It is imprtant/necessary/strange/impssible/natural that...”中,其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“shuld+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的shuld可以省略。故选B。句意:真奇怪,他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。
【考例5】(2018年江苏卷)There is a gd scial life in the village, and I wish I _______ a secnd chance t becme mre invlved.
A. had B. will have C. wuld have had D. have had
答案与解析:A。考查虚拟语气。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。
【考例6】(2018年天津卷)I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm nt sure.
A. shuld leave B. must have left C. might leave D. culd have left
答案与解析:D。考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have dne,再根据后句but I’m nt sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词culd,表示“可能”。故选D。句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不确定。
【考例7】(2017·天津卷) —D yu have Betty’s phne number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able t reach her yesterday.
A.hadn’t been B.wuldn’t have been C.weren’t D.wuldn’t be
答案与解析:B。考查虚拟语气。根据标志词therwise,相当于一个条件状语从句:If I hadn't have her phne number,即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句,可以判断出主句用wuldn't have dne表示对过去情况的虚拟,故选B。句意:--你有贝蒂的电话号码吗?--有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。
【考例8】(2017年北京卷)If the new safety system ___________ t use, the accident wuld never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. shuld be put D. wuld be put
答案与解析:A。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟,所以从句谓语用had dne形式,此外根据句意可知是被动,用被动语态,故A项是正确的。句意:如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话,这个事故就不会发生了。
【考例9】(2017年江苏卷) ____________ nt fr the supprt f the teachers, the student culd nt vercme her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
答案与解析:B。考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中,be动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略,同时把were/shuld/had提前,即Were /Shuld/ Had I...,故选B。
【考例10】(2016年北京卷)Why didn’t yu tell me abut yur truble last week? If yu ________ me, I culd have helped.
A. tld B. had tldC. were t tell D. wuld tell
答案与解析:B。考查虚拟语气。根据第一句可知,这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟,if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时,故选B。句意:你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦?如果你告诉我的话,我就可以帮你了。
【考例11】(2016年江苏卷)If it _________ fr his invitatin the ther day, I shuld nt be here nw.
A. had nt beenB. shuld nt beC. were nt t be D. shuld nt have been
答案与解析:A。考查虚拟语气。the ther day意思是“几天前”,从句表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;主语的nw提示是与选择事实相反,所以本句是错综虚拟语气。故选A。句意:如果不是因为前几天他的邀请,我现在就不会在这里了。故A项正确。
【考点设置与解题策略】
高考英语湖南卷有这样一道题:
If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he wuld have ffered any pssible assistance t the peple there.
A. wereB. had beenC. shuld beD. was
解析:B。从wuld have ffered看出是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,if从句需要用过去完成时,表示事实是“当时不在场”。故选B。
虚拟语气是一种表示假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令、猜测、可能或主观打算的的一种语气。强调一种假想的情况或主观愿望,谓语动词需采用特殊形式,是高中英语中的一个重要语法项目。近几年成为高考热点,XXXX、XXXX、XXXX连续三年至少有九套高考试题以此作为考点。对虚拟语气的考查涉及到状语从句、名词性从句、特定句型、省略句、倒装句、动词时态、情态动词等语法项目,可以更好的考查考生的英语综合运用能力,因此成为考试热点。下面结合近年考题,剖析虚拟语气考点设置和解题策略。(注:考例中的填空不超过三个词)
考点一、if引导的虚拟语气条件句
【常设考点】①if从句的谓语动词形式;②主句谓语动词形式;③主从谓语动作发生时间不一致导致谓语动词时态不对应情况;④if条件句的倒装与省略;⑤情态动词辨析; = 6 \* GB3 ⑥引起倒装的介词或副词; = 7 \* GB3 ⑦if nly从句; = 8 \* GB3 ⑧陈述语气与虚拟语气互为语境的时态考查。
【考点解读1】
If引导的虚拟条件句分三种情况,即表示与将来事实相反,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,主要体现在谓语动词(以d为例)的变化上。见下表:
注:在口语中,在第一、三人称后的be动词也有人用was。如:
If I was(were) rich, I wuld buy a car. 我要是有钱,我就买汽车了。
【考例1】 (改编自XXXX北京卷34) If we (bk) a table earlier, we culdn’t be standing here in a queue.
解析:had bked。根据提示词if和主句谓语动词culd have dne看出是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,事实上没有早一点预定,从句用过去完成时。
【考例1】 (改编自XXXX福建卷30)—D yu think Gerge has passed the driving test?
—N. If s, he _____(drive)his car t ur cllege yesterday.
解析:wuld have driven。根据答句N看出Gerge没有通过考试是事实情况,yesterday表明if s是与过去事实相反的假设,用wuld have dne形式。
【考例3】( 改编自XXXX湖南卷29) Srry,I am t busy nw. If I _____ (have)time, I wuld certainly g fr an uting with yu.
解析:had。根据t busy nw看出if从句是与现在事实相反的假设,谓语动词用一般过去时。
【考例4】 (改编自2009天津卷8)This printer is f gd quality. If it _______ (shall)break dwn within the first year, we wuld repair it at ur expense.
解析:shuld。前句一般时谓动表示的是事实情况,因此打印机在将来坏的可能性是很小的。根据后面句子的主句谓动wuld repair看出表示与将来事实相反,if从句的谓动用“shuld+动词原形”,此处的shuld表示有商家的责任和保证在内,暗示“它在一年内根本不会坏”。
【考例5】______ it rain tmrrw, we wuld have t put ff the visit t the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Shuld C. Wuld D. Will (选B)
【考例6】(湖北XXXX) ______ fired, yur health care and ther benefits will nt be immediately cut ff.
A. Wuld yu be B. Shuld yu be C. Culd yu be D. Might yu be (选B)
解析:根据后面句子的谓语动词和前面的时间状语tmrrw知道是表示与将来事实相反的情况,所以从句的谓语动词构成是“shuld+动词原形”。在if引导的虚拟条件句中,如果从句有shuld, had, were,则可以把shuld,had, were置于句首,省掉if,从而形成部分倒装结构。故【考例5、6】都选B。
【考点解读2】含蓄条件句
有时通过介词、副词、分词或短语等代替if从句,如withut(没有)/ but fr(要不是)/ therwise/but等,假设的情况暗含在上下文中。对现在的虚拟用wuld(shuld, might, culd) (nt)+d,对过去的虚拟用wuld(shuld, might, culd) (nt) + have dne。如:
【考例1】 (改编自XXXX江西卷23) Thanks fr yur directins t the huse ; we wuldn’t have fund it _______.
解析:therwise。根据前一分句Thanks fr看出事实上找到了那栋房子,后面与过去事实相反的假设结果,由首字母“”确定用therwise。句意是:多亏了你给我们指点方向那栋房子方向,要不然,我们会找不到的。therwise=if there had nt been yur directins t the huse。
【考例2】 (改编自XXXX安徽卷28) I (g)t my cusin’s birthday party last night, but I was nt available
解析:wuld have gne。根据but转折的过去式看出当时没有空,“昨晚参加生日party”是与过去事实相反的假设结果,用表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气谓语动词。
【考例3】 (改编自XXXX陕西卷21) The children must have gt lst in the wds; therwise, they _______ (be) at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
解析:wuld have been。根据therwise看出表示相反的结果,由对过去事实推测的must have gt lst确定用wuld have dne的虚拟形式。
【考例4】(改编自XXXX陕西卷22)I__________ (can nt g)thrugh that bitter perid withut yur generus help.
解析:culd have gne。在generus help条件下会g thrugh that bitter perid,据此看出“要是没有”是与过去事实相反的假设条件,因此结果也是与过去事实相反结果。that提示动作发生在过去,因此用culd have dne结构。withut yur generus help=if yu there had been yur generus help.。
【考点解读3】无主条件句
有时在上下文语境比较清楚的情况下,可以省掉条件主句,只剩下条件从句。像if nly就属于此类,意思是“要是……就好了”。
【考例】Lk at the truble I am in! If nly I (fllw)yur advice.
解析:had fllwed。If nly要求用虚拟语气,“陷入困境”是当前情况,“听你的建议”应该是在过去,所以从句的谓语动词用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况,补全就是:If I had fllwed yur advice, I wuld nt be in the truble (nw).。
【考点解读4】错综时间条件句
有时主句与从句所表示的谓语动词的动作所发生的时间不同,此时主从句的谓语动词形式应该与各自所在句子中的时间状语或其所表达的意义相对应。
【考例1】 (改编自XXXX天津卷14) If he ______ (spend) mre time practising speaking English befre, he wuld be able t speak it much better nw.
A. will be B. wuld be C. has been D. wuld have been
解析:had spent。根据if和wuld be及nw看出主句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,再根据从句的befre看出从句应是与过去事实相反的假设,所以用过去完成时。
【考例2】 It is hard fr me t imagine what I wuld be ding tday if I ________(nt fall)in lve, at the age f seven, with the Melinda Cx Library in my hmetwn.
解析:had nt fallen。根据if和wuld be ding tday看出是虚拟语气,主句是与现状事实相反,从句的at the age f seven提示与过去事实相反,所以用过去完成时。
【考点解读5】虚拟条件句的倒装与省略
如果虚拟条件状语从句中有had/ were/ shuld,可以把其提至句首,而把连词if省掉,从而形成倒装和省略结构。
【考例1】(改编自XXXX福建卷32) ___ n mdern telecmmunicatins, we wuld have t wait fr weeks t get news frm arund the wrld.
解析:Were there/If there were根据wuld have t wait看出前面是表示与现在事实上相反的假设,条件句的谓语动词该用一般过去时,即If there were。由于有were,也可以把were提前,省掉if,则是Were there。要注意首字母的大写。
【考例2】(改编自XXXX天津卷15) ________ (catch) the mrning train, he wuld nt have been late fr the meeting.
解析:Had he caught。根据主句wuld nt have been late看出过去事实上迟到了,前句“赶上火车”只是对过去事实相反的假设,属于虚拟语气,条件句用过去完成时,即If he had caught,但是这样就四个单词了,根据had转换成倒装Had he caught。
【考例3】 _______ (rain) tmrrw, we wuld nt g climbing.
解析:Shuld it rain/If it rained。 从wuld nt g和tmrrw看出是虚拟语气,前面是对将来事实相反的假设,认为将来rain发生的可能性不大。条件句是If it shuld rain/ If it were t rain/ If it rained。由于不超过三个词的要求,结合shuld最终答案确定为Shuld it rain/If it rained。提示:shuld和were t结构常用。
【考例4】 (改编自XXXX浙江卷19)Had they knwn what was cming next, they _____ (may/have)secnd thughts.
解析:主句部分Had they knwn what was cming next=If they had knwn what was cming next…, 可以看出是与过去事实相反的假设,后面是虚拟的与过去事实相反的结果,虚拟语气中may用might,所以填might have had。句意是:要是他们知道之后会发生什么,他们可能会再三思考的。
考点二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
【常设考点】①可用虚拟语气的动词、名词、形容词词语辨析;②从句谓语动词的时态。
【考点解读1】宾语从句的虚拟语气
在表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动词引出的宾语从句中,从句谓动用虚拟语气均为shuld+动词原形,其中shuld可以省去 (不用wuld代替shuld)。如:suggest(建议)/ prpse(提议、建议)beg/ insist(坚持)/ ask(要求)/ urge(催促)/ vte(投票决定)/ prefer(宁愿)/ request(要求)/ require(要求、命令)/ demand(要求)/ rder(命令)/ cmmand(命令)/ advise(建议)等。如:
He suggested I shuld g ut fr a walk.他建议出去走走。
I insist that yu (shuld) be present.请您务必到场。
They demanded that she (shuld) be invited.他们要求要邀请她。
The dctr recmmend that I shuld try a new medicine.医生建议我试服一种新药。
He insisted that a dead line (shuld) be set fr cmpleting the task. 他要求定出一个完成任务的期限。
The dctr suggested that he (shuld) try t lse his weight. 医生建议他尽量减肥。
I recmmend that yu all (shuld) be diligent if yu want t pass the exam.如果你们想通过这次考试,我劝你们要勤奋学习。
【考例1】(改编自XXXX陕西卷12) My mm suggests that we eat ut fr a change this weekend.
解析:shuld。suggest表示“建议”,宾语从句用虚拟语气shuld d形式。
【考例2】(改编自XXXX浙江卷8) Eye dctrs recmmend that a child’s first eye exam _____ (be) at the age f six mnths ld.
解析:shuld be/be。recmmend表示“建议”,宾语从句用虚拟语气shuld d形式,其中shuld 可以省掉,所以是shuld be/be。
注意:suggest表示“暗示,表明”,insist表示“坚持某种事实”,则宾语从句仍用陈述语气,不用虚拟语气。
【考例3】Jane’s pale face suggested that she _______(be) ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ (have) a medical examinatin.
解析:was;shuld have/ have。本题句意是“简苍白的脸色表明她生病了,父母建议她做个健康检查”。前一分句中suggest的意思是“表明、暗示”,用陈述语气,即用一般过去时was;后一分句的suggest的意思是“建议”,所以宾语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气,用shuld have/ have。
注:如果suggest表示“暗示,表明”, insist表示“坚持某种事实”,则宾语从句仍用陈述语气。
【考例4】 (XXXX上海X) ________ be sent t wrk there?
A. Wh d yu suggest B. Wh d yu suggest that shuld
C. D yu suggest wh shuld D. D yu suggest whm shuld (选A)
【考例5】 I insisted that a dctr ________ immediately.
A. has been sent fr B. sends fr C. will be sent fr D. be sent fr (选D)
注意:如果suggest不表示建议,表示的意思为“表明”或 “暗示”时;insist如不表示要求,而表示“坚持己见”,表示“坚持说”,往往主句主语与从句主语一致,则从句谓语动词依然用陈述语气。
When I suggested that sme villagers must have cme in fr a free drink, Mr Thmpsn shk his head."
当我暗示说,这准是某些村民进来偷喝掉的,汤普森先生摇摇头。
Jane insisted that she had dne nthing wrng and that she shuld be treated prperly.
简坚持说她没有做错事,并认为她应该得到适当的对待。
The surprised lk n his face suggested that he did nt believe the fact.
他脸上吃惊的表情表明他不相信这个事实。
【考点解读2】同位语从句及表语从句中的虚拟语气
在suggestin, request,prpsal,requirement,cmmand,advice,prpsal, wish等名词后跟同位语从句或其作主语后接表语从句时,从句的谓动跟宾语从句一样要用虚拟语气“shuld+动词原形”。如:
I have accepted the dctr’s suggestin that I (shuld) give up smking.
The suggestin that the dctr gave us is that I (shuld) give up smking.
What the dctr suggested t me is that I (shuld) give up smking.
【典例】The suggestin that students_______(give)mre free time is welcmed by many peple, fr they are t tired with much hmewrk.
解析:shuld be given/ be given。根据suggestin看出同位语从句表示其具体内容,谓语动词用虚拟语气,再根据give与students是动宾关系需用被动语态,所以填shuld be given/ be given。
【考点解读3】主语从句中的虚拟语气
在it’s suggested/ prpsed/ required/ rdered/ recmmended… 或在it’s natural/ necessary/ essential/ urgent/ strange/ a pity /a shame/ n wnder等表示“应该、竟然”等主语从句中,从句常用虚拟语气shuld d形式,其中shuld可以省掉。如:
It is required that every emplyee here shuld be bale t use cmputer. What can yu d then?
【考例1】It seemed strange that the man wh had develped cmmunism shuld _______ (live) and died in Lndn.
解析:have lived。根据seemed与live的关系看出live发生在前,再根据strange看出从句有“竟然”的意思,所以是虚拟语气shuld have lived。
【考例2】 (XXXX江苏卷)---- Dn't yu think it necessary that he _______ t Miami but t New Yrk?
---- I agree, but the prblem is ________ he has refused t.
A. will nt be sent; that B. nt be sent; that
C. shuld nt be sent; what D. shuld nt send; what
解析:选B。本题是虚拟语气,在It is necessary that…句型中,从句的谓语动词用shuld+动词原形,表示“有必要做某事”,其中的情态动词shuld可以省掉。先排除A。句子的主语he是谓语动词send的动作对象,所以用被动语态,排除D。答句z中的表语从句中不缺少成分,所以用that引导。故选A。
【考点解读4】wish后的宾语从句的虚拟语气
wish后的宾语从句中用“were/did型”结构虚拟语气来表示目前不可能实现的愿望,用“had + 过去分词”结构表示过去未实现的愿望,用“wuld + d”结构表示将来难以实现的愿望。从句谓动的变化如下:
【考例】 (改编自XXXX北京卷28) — Where are the children? The dinner’s ging t be cmpletely ruined.
— I wish they always late.
解析:weren’t。wish后的宾语从句要求用虚拟语气,根据上句“就要吃饭了”和下句always看出“希望不要总是迟到”,谓语动词用一般过去时。
考点三、as if/ as thugh引导的表语从句或状语从句
在由as if 或as thugh引导的方式状语从句和表语从句中,用“were/did型”虚拟语气表示与现在事实不相符,用“had + 过去分词”结构表示其所陈述的内容与过去事实或情况相反,用“wuld +d”结构表示其所陈述的内容与将来事实或情况可能相反。
【常设考点】①引导词as if/ as thugh与even if/even thugh区别;②从句的谓语动词虚拟语气形式;③从句不用虚拟语气的情况。
【考点解读】从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气,与wish后面的宾语从句的谓语动词相同。当主句的谓语动词是seem/ lk/ taste/ smell时,也可以用陈述语气。如:
When a pencil is partly in a glass f water, it lks as if it were brken.当铅笔的一部分放在一杯水中时,它看起来就像断了一样。
【考例1】 (改编自XXXX重庆卷13) It was Jhn wh brke the windw. Why are yu talking t me as if I____ (d) it?
解析:had dne。根据前句的过去时看出从句是表示与过去事实相反的情况,虚拟语气用过去完成时。
【考例2】(改编自XXXX北京卷)Dn't handle the vase as if it _________(be) made f steel. (Key:were)
考点四、在固定句型中
【常设考点】①wuld rather d与wuld rather sb. did区别;②wuld rather跟从句时谓语动词表示现在与过去的语境设置;③It is (abut, high) time+(that)从句谓语动词时态。
【考点解读】主要有两个句型,①wuld rather sb. did…表示的是将来或现在的事件,表示“主语宁愿某人做某事”; wuld rather sb. had dne 表示过去的事件,表示“主语宁愿某人过去做了某事”。②It is (abut, high) time+(that)从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或shuld +动词原形,此处的shuld一般不省略。从句中用过去时并不是表示过去,而是表示早该做而未做的事,含有建议的意味。意思是“某人做某事的时间到了”。如:
I wuld rather she had nt tld me the bad news. 我真希望她没有告诉我这个不幸的消息啊!
It’s high time that yu recite this text. 该你背背诵课文了。
Isn’t it time that yu made smene’s life a bit easier? 难道不是该让他人的生活轻松一些的时候吗?
【考例】(改编自XXXX陕西卷23) We wuld rather ur daughter ________ (stay) at hme with us, but it is her chice, and she is nt a child any lnger.
解析:stayed。根据but后的内容看出表示不太可能的事情,谓语动词用一般过去时。注意与wuld rather d的区别。
【考例2】 (改编自XXXX辽宁33) Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he _____ (d) smething instead f just talking.
解析:did/shuld d。根据句型It’s high time that确定谓语动词用虚拟语气,用一般过去时did表示现在,也可以用shuld d。
考点五、其它情况
【常设考点】①特定语境下的句意判断;②谓语动词的词形;③as it were与as it is辨析;④may引起的疑问句与虚拟语气辨析;⑤倒装结构。
【考点解读】①在表示祝愿的句子中,谓语动词多用动词原形,有些祝愿的话用may开头;②在某些成语中包含有虚拟语气的动词。如:
Lng live the Peple’s Republic f China! 中华人民共和国万岁!(谓语动词用原形。)
May all yur dreams cme true! 祝你的一切梦想成真!(注意句尾不是问号)
He was, as it were, intxicated by the sft air and sunshine f spring. 他可说是被趁天的和风和阳光陶醉了。(as it were 常用作插入语,意思是“姑且这样说、可以说是”。比较:as it is“实际上; 既然如此”)
If need be, help him t d it. 如果有必要,帮他去做。(if need be 意思是“如果有必要”)
巩固练习:
I.从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
1. (上海XXXX) Almst all his friends suggested ______ Mr Jhns at nce.
A. that he visits B. him t visit /C. that he visit D. t him fr visiting
2. I wuld rather yur brther ________ arund New Yrk.
A. shws B. t shw C. shwing /D. shwed
3. It is necessary that he _______ the cllege entrance examinatin.
/A. shuld attend B. will attend C. must attend D. had t attend
4. It’s time that the child ______ himself.
A. dresses B. t dress C. was dressed /D. dressed
5. And the dctr recmmended I ____ here fr the sunshine befre I started fr hme.
A. came B. have came /C. shuld cme D. be cme
6. If there were n subjective md, English ___ much easier.
A. wuld have been B. culd have been C. will be /D. wuld be
7. Dn’t cme this mrning. I wuld rather yu ______ the day after tmrrw.
A. cme /B. came C. are t cme D. will cme
8. What she suggests is that the sprts meet ______ ff till next week.
A. be puted B. put /C. be put D. shuld put
9. The thief insisted that he ______ my mbile phne.
/A. hadn’t stlen B. shuld nt steal C. nt steal D. nt steal
10. (XXXX上海春招) The parents suggested ___ in the htel rm but their kids were anxius t camp ut during the trip.
A. sleep B. t sleep /C. sleeping D. having slept
Keys: 1-5 CDADC 6-10 DBCAC
II.根据括号内的提示翻译下列各句。
1.这部影片你去看看才好。(ught t)
2.你还是马上动身的好。(had better)
3.大家都坚决要求不完工就不休息。(insist that)
4. 我宁愿你立刻把报告写完。(wuld rather)
5. 假如我们赶不上这班火车,我们就得在车站再等一小时。(if引导虚拟语气表示不希望)
Keys:
1. Yu ught t see the film.
2. Yu had better set ff at nce.
3. We all insist that we (shuld) nt rest until we finish the wrk.
4. I wuld rather yu finished this reprt at nce.
5. If we missed the train, we shuld/wuld have t wait an hur at the statin.
类别
if从句谓语动词
主句谓语动词
例句
与将来情况相反
were t d /shuld d /did
wuld/culd/
might/shuld+d
If it were t (shuld) rain tmrrw, the meeting wuld be put ff.万一明天下雨,会议就要延期(目前看下雨可能性较小)
If yu were t cme tmrrw, I might have time t see yu.假如你明天来,我也许有时间见你。
If yu shuld meet Henry, tell him I want t see him.假如你见到亨利,告诉他我要见他。
If we caught the early train, we’d get there by lunchtime.假如我们赶上了早班火车,到午饭时间我们就会到那里了。
与现在事实相反
were(be动词)
did (过去时)
wuld/culd/
might/shuld+d
If I were yu, whatever I did shuld be dne at my wn discretin entirely. 如果我是你,凡事我都要自己裁决。
If we left nw, we shuld arrive in gd time.假如我们现在就走的话,我们就会及时到达。
If I were yu, I wuld refuse the mney? 假如我是你的话,我就不会要那钱。
与过去事实相反
had+ dne
wuld/culd/might/
shuld+have dne
I didn’t see yur sister at the meeting. If she had cme, she wuld have met my brther.
主句
从句谓动形式
从句谓动时间意义
例句
Sb+
wish
(that)
wuld/culd /might/shuld+d
表与将来情况相反或将来难以实现的愿望
I sincerely wished that I might d smething t cmfrt him.我诚恳的希望能做点什么来安慰他。
I wish that my sn wuld stp hanging abut and d smething useful. 我希望我的儿子停止四处闲荡,而做些有用的事。(事实上儿子可能会很难悔改)
did/ were
与现在事实相反或现在看来不可能实现的愿望
Smetimes I d wish that I culd spend a little mre time at hme. 有时我真的很想在家里多呆一些时间。
I wish I were as tall as Ya Ming. 我希望和姚明一样高。(实际上不可能)
I wish I knew as much as yu d. 要是我懂得像你那样多就好了。(实际上懂得没你多)
had dne
表示与过去事实相反,表示说话时感遗憾
I wish yu had let me knw earlier. 我真希望早点告诉我。
I wish he had nt seen us. 他要是没看见我们就好了。(实际上他已经看见了我们)
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