高考英语语法词汇专项突破：04重点语法易错易混点解析(状语从句、省略、短语动词和虚拟语气)

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：04重点语法易错易混点解析(状语从句、省略、短语动词和虚拟语气)，共9页。

【误用1】I want t see him the minute he will arrive.
【指正】will arrive改为arrives。
时间状语从句和条件状语从句不用一般将来时，通常用一般现在时代替。
【运用】Next time yu g shpping, thrw in a few extra fruit and vegetables.
Yu will fail t arrive there in time unless yu start earlier.
【误用2】 It is high time that the children g t bed.
【指正】g改为went或者在其前加上shuld。
It is(high) time that后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用shuld加动词原形，但shuld不可省略。
【运用】It' s time we threw that ld chair ut, fr it' s cmpletely brken.
It's als the very time that we shuld regulate agricultural structue.
【误用3】I hpe that while time ges n we will realize that it is imprtant fr us t talk
penly abut Aids,
【指正】 while改为 as。
引导时间状语从句时，while和as都有“当……时”的意思，但是as还有“随着”的意思。As time ges n的意思是“随着时间的推移”。
【运用】But as time ges n, yu will realize that if yu really lve smene, the whle life will nt be enugh.
【误用4】But in case f yu break a prmise, at least admit it penly and attempt t keep yur ther prmises.
【指正】删掉f。
In case和in case f都可以表示“如果，假设”，前者是连词，引导条件状语从句，后者是介词，跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
【运用】I will send yu a cpy in case yu care t read it.
Please let us knw in case f further requirement.
【误用5】—Hw abut cming t my huse?
—I’d lve if it desn’t give yu s much truble.
【指正】lve 后加上 t。
为了避免重复，我们常常把作宾语、宾补和谓语动词的一部分的不定式省略，只保留动词不定式的符号t。常见有四种情况：在hpe, like, lve, mean，prmise, want, wish等词后作宾语；在allw, ask, tell 等词后作宾语补足语；在afraid, glad, happy, pleased, srry等词后作状语；在be able t, be ging t, have t, need t, enugh t, used t等后。
【运用】He didn't mean t, but he deleted the files by accident.
She can get a jb if she hpes t.
Dn’t plant ptates until the peasant tells yu t.
She didn’t g ut last night, because she was afraid t.
【误用6】Fr example, if yu're ging t lk thrugh a telescpe and yu pick up it and put it n yur eye.
【指正】it与up位置对调。
在“动词+副词”的短语动词中，跟名词作宾语时，名词置于副词的前后均可，如果跟代词作宾语，则代词只可以置于动词与副词之间。
【运用】When yu have finished, please fld the map and put it away.
She caught my cld and passed it n t her husband.
【误用7】He talks abut Rme as thugh he was there himself. In fact he has never been there.
【指正】was改为had been。
as if或as thugh引导的从句表示与事实相反的情况用虚拟语气，在 指 过 去 的 动 作 时，即 使 主 句是现在时，as if 从句中的动词也要用过去完成时。如果从句内容有可能是事实，也可以用陈述语气。
【运用】The girl listened as if she had been turned t stne．
It lks as if I will be late fr schl.

【误用8】Althugh China is a very big cuntry, but nly seven percent f the land can be used fr farming.
【指正】删掉but。
althugh引导让步状语从句，意思基本同but连接的并列分句，但是二者不可以在同一个句子中使用，不能受汉语“虽然……但是”的影响。
【运用】Althugh they may be useful at times, mst users d nt frequently use them.
【误用9】Every evening after dinner, if nt tiring frm wrk, I will spend sme time walking my dg.
【指正】tiring改为tired。
“连词+分词”是状语从句的省略形式，分词的逻辑主语要与句子主语保持一致。if后面所用的非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语I，所以用过去分词tired，补全是if I am nt tired,…。
【运用】Trained ten hurs a day, he will still be a fl.
The girl met with an accident when crssing the rad, wunded in the head.

【误用10】Having discussed many times, the plan was carried ut at last.
【指正】Having discussed中间加上been，或把Having discussed改为Discussed。
分词作状语时其逻辑主语就是句子主语。the plan与discuss是动宾关系，用被动形式, 根据many times提示用现在分词完成时的被动语态，过去分词也正确。
【运用】The film star gt ff the train, surrunded by her fans.
Sme medicines, if wrngly taken, can kill a persn.
【误用11】We’d lve t see yu n Saturday, suppse that I dn’t have t wrk that day.
【指正】suppse改为suppsing。
suppse本来是动词，suppsing本来是现在分词，都可以用作连词引导条件状语从句，意思是“假如，如果”，当从句置于句首时主句多用问句。suppse作为连词引导条件状语从句时，它通常是置于主句之前，而suppsing引导条件状语从句时，则可以置于主句之前，也可以置于主句之后。
【运用】 Suppse/Suppsing that there is n pure water, what shall we drink?
Where can yu hide, suppsing yu are able t escape frm the plice?
【误用12】As lng as I will live, I will nt allw yu t d this.
【指正】删掉第一个will。
as lng as意思是“只要……就……”，引导在条件状语从句。在条件状语从句中，不用将来时，通常用现在时形式代替将来时。
【运用】As lng as yu drive carefully, yu will be very safe.
I’ll make new friends wherever we are as lng as we’re tgether.
【误用13】In 1974, tests shwed that if is taken every day, aspirin can greatly reduce chances f heart attack.
【指正】if后加上it，或者删掉is。
当条件状语从句的主语与句子主语一致时，如果从句是被动语态，则可以省掉句子的主语和助动词be，构成“连词+过去分词”；如果从句是主动语态，构成“连词+现在分词”；如果从句是be+n./adj.，则构成“连词+adj.”。
【运用】 Yu shuld stay where yu are, unless (yu are) asked t leave.
If (it is) necessary, ring me at hme.
【误用14】Take the mney with yu in case f smething unexpected happens.
【指正】删掉f。
in case作为连词有“假使，以防”的意思，可以引导条件状语从句；in case f是短语介词，跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
【运用】Yu even went n searching in the mud fr sme time, in case any cin might have fallen ut.
I stpped suddenly in case he shuld think that I was shwing ff.
Take a map with yu in case yu get lst in the frest.
【误用15】Dn’t try t shake hands with a wman if she puts ut her hand first.
【指正】if改为unless
unless引导条件状语从句，意思是“如果不”，“除非”。相当于if引导的否定条件状语从句。
【运用】Yu dn’t knw hw difficult the jb is, unless yu have dne it yurself.
I shall stp till such time as I think fit t g, unless yu send fr smene t put me ut.
Unless we make a mve sn, we shall be in a weak psitin.
【误用16】 (1) Butterflies ______ a sweet liquid prduced by flwers, which bees and ther insects cllect.
(2)变式1：She tk her drink t bed and picked up her bk, but it was t much effrt t ______ the print.
(3)变式2：Of curse, many mre battles lie ahead and further effrts must be made t ______ the fight.
(4)变式3：I used t be slimmer, but nw I've ______ sme weight arund the middle.
A. carry n B. feed n C. put n D. fcus n
【参考答案】（1）B (2) D (3) A (4) C
【考点设置】以n为中心的动词短语词义辨析。
【答案解析】以n为中心词的动词短语中的n可以是介词，也可以是副词，如果是介词后面需要跟宾语，如果是副词则不需要宾语。carry n的意思是“继续进行；从事，经营”，题(3)根据“有许多战斗在后头”看出后面的意思是“还要努力作战”，故选B。feed n的意思是“用 ... 喂养； 靠吃 ... 过活； 以 ... 为能源”，题（1）根据宾语a sweet liquid看出是“靠吃 ... 过活”，故选D。put n是意义丰富的动词短语，意思是“穿上，戴上； 增加；上演”，题（4）的短语put n weight意思是“增重”，故选C。fcus n意思是“致力于； 使聚焦于； 对（某事或做某事）予以注意； 把…作为兴趣中心”，根据前面t much effrt确定意思是“无法集中注意力看书”，故选D。
【误用17】 ---- All the passengers were injured in the accident?
---- N, ______ nly three children.
A. it was B. it were C. there are D. there was
【答案】A。
【解析归纳】对话中通常会省掉与上句重复的部分，本句补全是：it was nly three children that/wh were injured in the accident.，是强调句型的省略形式。
【误用18】If the weather is fine, we'll g. If _____, _____.
A. nt, nt B. n, n C. nt, n D. n, nt
【答案】A。
【解析归纳】通常前面已经出现相同的内容，在后面可以省略。本句补全是：If the weather is nt fine, we will nt g.。
【误用19】When I heard him ______ the nurses at the statin, I dragged myself up.
A. t great B. be greeted C. greeted D. greet
【答案】D。
【解析归纳】感官动词跟不定式作宾补时，在主动语态中通常省掉t，但是在被动句中t不省掉。
【跟踪练习1】
根据提示完成句子翻译。每空一词。
1. 尽管受到了父母的鼓励, 他仍然没有信心克服困难。(encurage)
_______ ______ ______ ______, he still has n cnfidence in vercming the difficulties.
2. 不要触碰灯，除非你妈妈允许你做。（allw）
Dn’t tuch the light ______ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______.
3. 我最后一次陷入对一个女人的爱，是在三年多以前。(fell)
_____ _____ _____ I really_______ _____ _____ _____ was mre than three years ag.
4. 时间过得飞快，她不知不觉就在那里度过了三个月。(knw)
Time passed quickly and three mnths went by______ _____ _____ ______.
5. 有人建议我们下周举行一个会议。(suggest)
It is ________ that we ______ _______ _____ ________ next week.
6. 我一看到她就认出她来了。（see）
I recgnized her _______ _______ _____ ______ her.
7. ______ ________ (除非必要) , yu'd better nt refer t the dictinary.
8. _______ _____ _____ (假如你想) experiment with electricity, what materials wuld yu use?
9.I dn’t knw _____ _____ _____ _____ (是否会下雨) tmrrw. But ______ ______ ______ (要是下雨) tmrrw, I’ll stay at hme.
10. The ld wman always keeps a drink f water by her bedside ____ _____ _____ ____ ______ (以防她口渴) in the middle f the night
11. ____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ (只要心静) , ne desn't feel the heat t much.
12. One can make prgress ____ _____ _____ _______ (只有你接受) pinins frm thers.
Keys:
Keys:
1. Encuraged by his parents
2. unless yur mther allws yu t
3. The last time; fell fr a wman
4. befre she knew/ realized it
5. suggested; shuld hld a meeting
6. the mment/minute/secnd/instant I saw
7.Unless necessary
8.Suppse/Suppsing/If yu want t
9.if it will rain; if it rains
10.in case she is thirsty
11.S lng as ne keeps calm
12. nly if ne accepts
【跟踪练习2】
I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。
1. We will have a further discussin ______ we make a final decisin.
A. afterB. whereC. befreD. during
2. Yur pale face suggests that yu_______ ill
A. areB. wereC. beD. shuld be
3. _______ the switch when anything ges wrng with the machine.
A. Turn nB. Turn ffC. Turn tD. turn int
4. The team leader advised that we _______ mre peple t attend the cnference.
A. gtB. gtC. shall getD. shuld get
5. We ___ t paint the whle huse but finished nly the frnt part that day.
A. set abutB. set upC. set utD. set dwn
6. A number f high buildings have arisen ____ there was nthing a year ag but ruins.
A. when B. where C. befre D. until
7. Once ________ int Chinese, the bk became very ppular amng Chinese teenagers.
A. TranslateB. translatingC. translatedD. T translate
8. Dn’t handle the vase as if it ____ made f steel.
A. were B. is C. has been D. had been
I. 1-4 CABDC 5-8 CBCA
II. 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. 如果方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回包裹。(fetch)
______ ______, please g t the pst ffice _____ _____ _____ the parcel.
3. 如果队员之间不加强配合，我校篮球队就不可能在决赛中战胜对手。(beat)
Our schl basketball team _____ ______ the ppnents in the final match _______ the team members cperate well with each ther.
3. 我第一次写英语作文时，犯了许多拼写错误。（make）
_____ _____ ______ I wrte an English cmpsitin, I ______ _____ _____ ______.
4. 这个事故使我们意识到安全问题不容忽视。(realize)
The accident made _____ _____ that safety can’t be ignred.
5. 不管天有多晚，他从不把今天的事拖到明天。 （put）
______ ______ _____ _____, he never _____ ______ what must be dne tday till tmrrw.
6.同其他学生相比，那个女孩有更强的英语听、说能力。(cmpare)
______ ____ ______ _______ the girl has better listening and speaking abilities in English.
7. 你一旦养成了坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。(nce)
_____ ______ _____ ______ a bad habit, it’s very difficult t get rid f/ get ut f it.
8. 这个地区的经济发展很快，可是某些市民的素质还不尽如人意。(quality)
________ the ecnmy in this area ______ ______ _______, the qualities f sme citizens are still nt satisfactry.
9. 不管生病还是健康，他总是快快乐乐的。
_____ _____ _____ _____, she is always cheerful.
10. 已经在需要的地方提供了架空电线保护装置或电线保护屏蔽了吗？
Has verhead prtectin r wire screening been prvided ______ ______?
Keys:
I. 1-4 CABD 5-8 CBCBA
II. 1. If cnvenient; and fetch me
2. wn’t beat; unless
3. The first time; made many spelling mistakes
4. us realize
5. Hwever late it is; puts ff
6. Cmpared with ther students,
7. Once yu get int
8. Althugh; is develping rapidly
9. Whether sick r well
10. where necessary