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    高考英语语法词汇专项突破:05全解读让步状语从句考点+巩固练习+答案

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    高考英语语法词汇专项突破:05全解读让步状语从句考点+巩固练习+答案

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    这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破:05全解读让步状语从句考点+巩固练习+答案,共12页。
    【考点导航】
    【考例】(2021年3月天津卷,2) We all need t get invlved in saving energy ______ it’s at wrk, at hme, r at schl.
    A.unlessB.nceC.whetherD.because
    答案与解析:C。考查状语从句连接词词义辨析。A.unless除非;B.nce 一旦;C.whether无论;是否;D.because 因为。分析句子,该空需要一个连词引导让步状语从句,根据句意及后面的r ,需要表示“无论是…还是…”,whether符合题意。故选C项。句意:无论是在工作中,在家里,还是在学校,我们都需要参与到节约能源的活动中来。
    【考例】(2020年7月天津卷,10) ---- Why d peple like pp music? I hate it s much.
    ----______ it is nt yur style, that desn't mean it is bad.
    A. Only ifB. Even thughC. Nw thatD. In case
    答案与解析:B。考查引导状语从句连词词义辨析。A. Only if只有在……的时候;B. Even thugh即使,尽管;C. Nw that既然;D. In case以防,万一。前半句说:它不是你的风格;后半句说:这并不意味着流行音乐不好。很明显,前后两句之间是转折关系,空处引导让步状语从句。故选B。 句意:--人们为什么喜欢流行音乐?我非常讨厌它。--即使这不是你的风格,也不意味着它不好。
    【考例】(2020年5月天津卷,15) ______ he culd give her sympathy, any practical help was almst beynd him.
    IfB. SinceC. AlthughD. Until
    答案与解析:C。考查连词。题意:老太太可以表示同情,但给予实际帮助就力不能及了。本题前后两句话为让步关系,表示“尽管,虽然”。故选择Althugh , C项正确。
    【考例】(2017年北京)______ birds use their feathers fr flight, sme f their feathers are fr ther purpses.
    A. Once B. If C. Althugh D. Because
    答案与解析:C。A. Once 一旦;B. If如果;C. Althugh尽管;D. Because 因为。句意:尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔,但是他们的一些羽毛还有其他用途。根据语境可知前后之间是让步关系,故选C。
    1.(XXXX 辽宁卷) We had t wait half an hur _____ we had already bked a table.
    A. since B. althugh C. until D. befre
    2. (XXXX湖南卷) Tim is in gd shape physically__________ he desn’t get much exercise.
    A. if B. even thugh C. unless D. as lng as
    3. (XXXX上海卷) yu may have, yu shuld gather yur curage t face the challenge.
    A. Hwever a serius prblem B. What a serius prblem
    C. Hwever serius a prblem D. What serius a prblem
    【答案解读】
    1. B。按理说“已经预定桌子了”就不需要等了,根据“我们不得不等半个小时”看出主从句之间是让步关系,意思是“虽然我们已经预定了桌子,还必须等上半个小时”。since表示原因,until和befre表示时间。althugh表示“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句。
    2. B。“经常锻炼”就会“有健康的身体”,而Tim“没有怎么锻炼”就有“很好的身体”,可以看出表示让步关系,ACD三个选项引导的是条件状语从句,even thugh意思是“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。
    3. C。根据题干的逗号可以看出是复合句,B和D是感叹句形式,应该排除。Hwever是连接副词,修饰形容词或者副词,选C,hwever引导让步状语从句,意思是“无论如何”。句意是:“不管你遇到多么严重的问题,你都应该鼓起勇气勇敢面对挑战”。
    【基本概念】
    让步状语从句表示“虽然、即使、尽管”等概念,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”的感觉,一般我们见到的有这些词引导:althugh/thugh, even if /even thugh, while, as, whether…r…, in spite the fact that,“n matter +疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”,granting (granted) that“即使”,admitting (that), fr all (that)“尽管”等。
    一、让步状语从句
    引导让步状语从句的连词常用的有thugh/althugh,even if/even thugh,n matter +wh-(wh, what/when/where/ which...)/Wh-(what/ when/ wherever/wh/ hw... )+ever,不管还是等。
    1. thugh/althugh
    thugh/althugh意思是“尽管、纵使”,不与but连用,可与作为副词的yet, still连用。如:
    She pretended t be angry thugh she was by heart very glad.
    尽管她内心十分高兴,她却装作生气的样子。
    Mr. Hall understands that althugh the prblem has always been easy fr him, it is nt easy fr the students.
    2. even if/even thugh
    even if/even thugh意思是“即使”,注意与表示“似乎、好像”的as if/ as thugh的词义区别。如:
    We wn’t give up even if we culd fail 10 times.
    Even thugh she likes chatting, she is careful abut making friends with strangers nline.
    尽管喜欢聊天,她还是对网上交友十分慎重。
    3. n matter +wh-/wh-ever
    n matter +wh-/Wh-ever意思是“无论”,通常wh-基本保留原词义。wh- +ever还可以引导主语从句、宾语从句等名词性从句,而n matter +wh-不可以。如:
    Hwever /N matter hw amusing the stry is, I have t put it away and fcus my attentin n study this week. 无论这个故事多么有趣,我这周都必须把它收起来,我要专心致志学习。
    N matter what/Whatever yur first language is, yu shuld treasure it all yur life. 不论你的第一语言是什么,你一生都应珍惜。
    4.
    意思是“不管还是”,其中的 whether不可以用if。如:
    ---Dad, I’ve finished my assignment.
    --- Gd, and whether yu play r watch TV, yu mustn’t disturb me.
    ---爸爸, 我作业做完了。
    --- 好的,不管你是玩还是看电视,记得一定不能打扰我。
    【高考热点】
    1. 引导让步状语从句的连词与引导其它从句连词之间词义辨析。
    2. althugh与thugh作为连词和thugh作副词之间的区别。
    3. 让步状语从句中的倒装语序。
    4. 引导让步状语从句的连词与表示让步关系的介词区别。
    5. 让步状语从句中的省略结构。
    6. “n matter +疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”引导的状语从句和“疑问词+后缀ever”引导的名词性从句区别,以及whatever与hwever等词之间的区别。
    7. even if, even thugh与as if, as thugh辨析。
    8. 引导让步状语从句的whether…r…与if从句区别。
    9. as和while引导的让步状语从句。
    【考点解读】
    一、 althugh和thugh引导的让步状语从句
    althugh和thugh同义,在一般情况下,可以互换使用。只是thugh较普遍,常用于非正式的口语或书面语中,而althugh则较为正式,语气较重一些。二者置于主句前后都可以,前置时强调主句内容,后置时强调从句内容。有时也可以采取中位(插入句中)。在althugh和thugh引导的让步状语从句中,主句里不可用but,若要强调前后两部分的对比意义,可在主句前加yet或still。如:
    Thugh the nly key t the dr f happiness is nt mney, but if yu have enugh mney then yu can rder a key. 虽然金钱不是开启幸福之门的唯一钥匙,但是,如果您有足够的金钱的话,则可以定做一把钥匙。
    China prbably has the largest number f Micrsft prduct users althugh the majrity f the users are nt Micrsft custmers. 中国很可能拥有数量最大的微软产品使用者,尽管其中大多数都不是微软的客户。
    Me, t. We need a gd rain thugh I hate it t be rainy.
    我也是,虽然我讨厌多雨的天气,但我们确实需要一场大雨。
    Althugh TV has sme benefits, smetimes it has bad influence.
    虽然电视有一些好处,有时它也有坏影响。
    Althugh/Thugh he has a lt f mney, yet/still he is unhappy.他虽然有很多钱,但并不幸福。
    考例1:(XXXX全国卷Ⅰ) ________ he has limited technical knwledge,the ld wrker has a lt f experience.
    A.Since B.Unless C.As D.Althugh
    解读:D。本题意在考查考生对让步状语从句的掌握情况。A项Since表原因,“由于,既然”,如选A项可改为:Sine he has limited technical knwledge,the ld wrker has t be remved.B项Unless表条件,“除非,要不然,”如选B项可改为:Unless he has limited technical knwledge,the ld wrker wnt be laid ff.C项As亦表原因,同 A项。D项Althugh常引导让步状语,表“尽管,虽然,”本题句意为:尽管他技术方面的知识有限,但却有丰富的工作经验。故选D。
    考例2:(XXXX上海春招卷)_____ mst f the earth’s surface is cvered by water, fresh water is very rare and precius.
    A. As B. Once C. If D. Althugh
    解读:D。“地球表面大部分被水覆盖着”与“淡水十分稀缺”之间是让步关系,意思是“尽管”,D正确。
    【温馨提示】
    1. thugh可以独立用作副词,常放在句末,意为all the same (还是;仍然)或hwever(可是;然而),而althugh无此用法。如:
    "It was wrth it, thugh, sir, "the sldier said. “尽管这样,还是值得的,长官!”这位战士说。
    考例1:(XXXX浙江卷)Playing n a frzen sprts field sunds like a lt f fun. Isn’t it rather risky, ____?
    A. thugh B. als C. either D. t
    解读:A。本题考查副词辨析。在冰场上玩耍听起来很“有趣”与会不会有“危险”之间是转折关系,所以选择thugh,表示“然而,但是”,其余的选项表示“也”的意思,表示的是递进关系。
    考例2:(XXXX年江苏卷) —Hw is everything ging n with yu in Eurpe?
    —Quite well. Nt s smthly as I hped, ________.
    A. thughB. insteadC. eitherD. t
    解读:A。句意为:—你在欧洲进展如何?—很好,不过没有我所希望的那样顺畅。由答语中的Quite well.与 Nt s smthly as I hped之间的逻辑关系可以推断该空表示“不过、然而”,应填thugh,在这里是副词,相当于hwever。
    2. thugh引导让步状语从句时可以倒装,而althugh从句则不能。
    Bravely thugh they fught, they had n chance f winning. 虽然他们打得很勇敢,但还是没有机会获胜。
    当然也可以不倒装,用:Thugh they fught Bravely, they had n chance f winning.此时的thugh就可以用althugh代替。
    二、 even if和even thugh引导的让步状语从句
    even if 与 even thugh这两个词组意思大致相当,都有“即使,尽管”的意思,一般可以换用。如:
    Mary and his sister differ in appearance even if their differences in age are nt significant. 尽管玛丽和她的姐姐在年龄上相差不大,但他们的外表却不同。
    It was clear enugh what she meant, even thugh she cut it shrt. 她的故事即使有所删减,她的意思也是再清楚不过了。
    但是由于thugh 常表示一些已经确定的消息,而if由它本身所带的“如果”的含义,表示了一种对假设信息的不确定。即even if一般引导的是把握不大或假设的事情, 理解为“即使,纵然”,even thugh引出的是事实,理解为“尽管,虽然”。如:
    Even thugh he knws it, he'll nt let ut the secret.(他知道这个秘密).
    Even if he knws it, he'll nt let ut the secret.(不确定他是否知道这个秘密).
    考例:(XXXX安徽卷)The engineers are s busy that they have zer time fr utdr sprts activities, ___they have the interest.
    A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if
    解读:C。“对户外活动有兴趣”却“没有时间”二者是让步关系,故选C,意思是“即使工程师们对户外活动有兴趣,他们太忙了,也没有时间”。wherever无论何处,whenever无论何时,as if似乎、好像。
    三、 whether…r… 引导的让步状语从句
    whether…r…引导让步状语从句意思是“不管…还是…”,用来表示限制在两者选择范围内。也称“选择条件—让步状语从句”,可位于主句之前或之后,此种用法的whether不可以换成if。如:
    Whether he drives r (whether he) flies, he'll be n time.
    不管他坐车来还是坐飞机来,他都将准时到达。
    Whether yu can see the mn r nt, it is always rund.
    不论你能否看得见,月亮总是圆的。
    Yu may rely upn my help, whether thers help yu r nt.
    不论别人帮不帮你,你都可以依赖我的帮助。
    考例:(XXXX重庆卷)All peple, they are ld r yung, rich r pr, have been trying their best t help thse in need since the disaster.
    A. even if B. whether C. n matter D. hwever
    解读:B。根据题干的r提示,结合句子的意思知道是whether…r…引导的让步状语从句。句意是:自从灾难发生后,所有的人,不管老幼穷富都尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。
    四、“n matter +疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever” 引导的让步状语从句
    whatever,whichever, whever,wherever,whenever,hwever等引导的让步状语从句可以和n matter what/which/wh/where/when/hw等引导的让步状语从句换用,意为“无论……,都……”。其中whatever修饰名词,“无论什么”,hwever修饰形容词、副词,“无论多么,无论怎么”。hwever引导让步状语从句时后紧跟形容词或副词。
    N matter wh/Whever breaks laws, we will punish him.无论谁犯了法,我们都要惩罚他.
    Whichever/ N matter which party gets in at the next electin, the ecnmy is ging t be in a mess.在下次大选中,无论哪个政党当选,经济都将是一团糟的。
    Whenever yu have an aim, yu must sacrifice smething f freedm t attain it.
    无论何时欲达到一个目标,就必须牺牲一定的自由去达到它。
    考例1:(XXXX辽宁卷)______ hungry I am, I never seem t be able t finish ff this laf f bread.
    A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhereverD. Hwever
    解读:D。形容词hungry需要连接副词修饰,排除A,根据“吃不完这条面包”可以看出与“饿了”之间是转折或者让步关系。
    考例2:( XXXX上海春招卷) tmrrw, ur ship will set sail fr Maca.
    A.Hwever the weather is like B.Hwever is the weather like
    C.Whatever is the weather like D.Whatever the weather is like
    解读:D。根据备选项的介词like可以看出用关系代词,排除A和B。从句的语序是陈述语序,故选D,whatever引导让步状语从句。注意一下What’s the weather like则很容易选出D答案。句意是:无论天气如何,我们的轮船都要起航使往莫斯科。
    五、as引导的让步状语从句
    as 表示“尽管、虽然”引导的让步从句必须把作表语或状语的名词、形容词、副词、分词等提前,有时甚至是把实义动词提前。注意:1.thugh引导的让步状语从句置于句首可以倒装,也可以不倒装;2.若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词,要省略不定冠词;3.若提前的是动词原形(多为不及物动词),与之连用的通常是may, might, will, wuld等,且这些词都要保留在原来的位置上(主语后),如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如:
    Child as /thugh he was, he knew what was the right thing t d.
    = Thugh he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing t d. 尽管他还是个孩子,他知道做什么事正确的。
    Try hard as he will, he never seems able t d the wrk satisfactrily.
    = Thugh he tries hard, he never seems… 虽然他尽了努力,但他的工作总做的不尽人意。
    Tired as I was, I tried t help them. 虽然我很累,我还是努力帮助他们。
    考例:(XXXX重庆卷) _______, his idea was accepted by all the peple at the meeting.
    A. Strange as might it sundB. As it might sund strange
    C. As strange it might sund D. Strange as it might sund
    解读:D。as引导的让步状语从句要倒装,根据主系表结构看出把作表语的形容词Strange提前。故选D。
    六、while与whereas﹡引导的让步状语从句
    while引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管,虽然”,相当于althugh。while引导的让步状语从句多数前置,位于句首。如果表示主从句的对比关系,意思是“而,却,然而”则后置。whereas与while基本相同,引导让步状语从句突出。如:
    While I admit his gd pints, I can see his shrtcmings.
    尽管我承认他的优点,我还看到他 的缺点。
    Whereas the wrds say lve, lve, lve, the sunds and images say hate, hate, hate. 不管评论文字如果说爱、爱、爱,影片的声音和画面一直在说恨、恨、恨。
    考例:(XXXX湖南卷)_____ the Internet is f great help, I dn’t think it’s a gd idea t spend t much time n it.
    A. If B. While C. Because D. As
    解读:B。句意是:“虽然网络很有用,但是我认为在上面花太多时间不合适”,主从句间是让步关系。只有while有“尽管”的意思,故选B。
    七、in spite f (despite) the fact that与fr all (that)
    in spite f (despite) the fact that跟从句,表示让步关系,意思是“尽管(某一事实)”。短语介词in spite f后跟名词fact,后面跟that引导的同位语从句,表示fact的具体内容,但是,整个短语在句中作让步状语。fr all that中的that可以省掉,二者意思相同。如:
    In spite f the fact that they dn't have a lt f mney, they still decide t help him.
    尽管他们也没什么钱,但还是决定帮助他。
    He always wrks hard in spite f (despite) the fact that he is nt in gd health.
    他总是努力地工作而不顾自己身体不好的事实。
    Fr all (that) Carl Lewis is getting ld, he can still run very fast.
    尽管卡尔·路易斯年纪渐长,但他还是跑得很快。
    八、granting that, granted that, admitting that, assuming that, allwing that
    这四个连词词组的用法相同,意思是“即使,就算”,其实属于分词结构,及物动词grant意思是“承认”,admit意思是“承认”,assume意思是“假定,设想”,他们都可以跟that引导的宾语从句,它们的分词短语形式可以作状语,表示让步关系。如:
    Granted(=Granting)that yu are right, yu shuld nt get angry.
    即使你是正确的,你也不应该生气。
    Admitting(=Assuming =Allwing)that he is drunk,that is n excuse.
    即使他喝醉了,那也不是借口。
    Granting (=Granted) that yu dn’t like the prpsal, yu shuldn’t have rejected it withut cnsulting thers. 即使你不喜欢这个建议,你也不应该不同别人商量就把它否决了。
    【难点诠释】
    whever等与对应的n matter wh等之间的区别
    wh-ever除了与n matter+wh-一样可以引导让步状语从句之外,还引导主语从句、宾语从句等名词性从句。试比较:
    任何人最后离开教室都要把门关上。
    1) Anyne wh leaves the classrm last shuld clse the dr.
    2) Whever leaves the classrm last shuld clse the dr.
    3) N matter wh/ Whever leaves the classrm last, he r she shuld clse the dr.
    解析:1)用的是不定代词Anyne作主语,wh引导的定语从句作定语修饰Anyne。2)中的Whever是连接代词,引导主语从句,不可以用N matter wh。3)N matter wh/ Whever引导让步状语从句,两者都可以用。
    【牛刀小试】
    一、〖真题演练〗从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
    1. (XXXX上海卷) ___ well prepared yu are , yu still need a lt f luck in muntain climbing.
    A. hwever B. whateverC. n matter D. althugh
    2.(XXXX全国卷I) The lawyer seldm wears anything ther than a suit __________the seasn.
    A. whateverB. whereverC. wheneverD. hwever
    3. (XXXX浙江卷) Many f them turned a deaf ear t his advice, _______ they knew it t be valuable.
    A. as if B. nw that C. even thugh D. s that
    4.( XXXX山东卷) ______I really dn’t like art, I find his wrk impressive.
    A.As B.Since C.If D.While
    5.(XXXX 山东卷)________I really dn’t like art,I find his wrk impressive.
    A.As B.Since C.If D.While
    6.(XXXX浙江卷)Many f them turned a deaf ear t his advice, ________ they knew it t be valuable.
    A. as if B. nw that C. even thugh D. s that
    7. (XXXX上海春招卷)_______this is nly a small twn, it’s crwded with turists wh cme here all year rund.
    A. Since B. Unless C. Once D. Althugh
    8. (XXXX广东卷)_________,Carlina culdn’t get the dr pen.
    A. Try as she might B. As she might try
    C. She might as try D. Might she as try
    9. (XXXX辽宁卷)There was never any time fr Kate t feel lnely, ________she was an nly child.
    A. ever since B. nw that C. even thugh D. even as
    10. (XXXX湖南卷)Allw children the space t vice their pinins, ________they are different frm yur wn.
    A. until B. even if C. unless D. as thugh
    11. (XXXX上海卷)— Dad, I’ve finished my assignment.
    — Gd, and ________yu play r watch TV, yu mustn’t disturb me.
    A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. n matter
    12. (XXXX 江苏卷)______ I accept that he is nt perfect, I d actually like the persn.
    A. While B. Since C. Befre D. Unless
    13. (XXXX全国卷) Althugh he is cnsidered a great writer,_______ .
    A. his wrks are nt widely read B. but his wrks are nt widely read
    C. hwever his wrks are nt widely read D. still his wrks are nt widely read
    14. (XXXX上海卷) _____, I have never seen anyne wh is as capable as Jhn.
    A. As lng as I have traveled B. Nw that I have traveled s much
    C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled s much
    15. (XXXX山东卷) . ____ team wins n Saturday will g thrugh t the natinal champinships.
    A. N matter what B. N matter which C Whatever D. whichever
    二、〖创新试题〗根据汉语提示,用括号内所给的词语完成下列句子。
    1. We hld that all cuntries, ________ (无论是大国还是小国), ________ (无论是富国还是穷国), shuld be equal. (whether… r…)
    2. ________ (虽然她不再年轻了), she has a yung heart.(thugh)
    3. Yu are nt alne in life, ______(虽然你可能认为你是). (althugh)
    4. ______(他虽是个男孩), he behaved like a girl. (as)
    5. ______(虽然他晚了), he was nt criticized by the teacher.(even thugh)
    6. I’ll help yu, _______ (就是一晚上不睡觉). (even if)
    7. ①________ (=②_________) (不管你是谁), yu must keep the law. (n matter +wh-, wh-+ever)
    8. ①_______ (=②_________) (=③_________) (=④_______) (他虽然年轻), he knws a lt. (as, thugh, althugh)
    9. _______ (无论我说什么或怎么说), he always thinks I’m wrng. (n matter +wh-, wh-+ever)
    10. _______ (虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色), I d nt like its shape.(while)
    11. _________ (尽管医生已经警告说会引起癌症), peple still keep n smking. (in spite f the fact that)
    12. She knew all her friends wuld be there. _____(但是她不想去). (thugh)
    13. _______(不管他操作哪一台机器), he perates it carefully.
    〖参考答案〗
    一、1-5AACDD 6-10CDACB 11-15BAAC
    二、1. whether they are big r small; whether they are rich r pr
    2. Thugh she is nt yung any mre
    3. althugh yu might think that yu are
    4. By as he was
    5. Even thugh he was late
    6. even if I dn’t sleep fr a night
    7. ①N matter wh yu are ②Whever yu are
    8. ①Yung as he is ②Thugh he is yung ③Althugh he is yung ④Yung thugh he is
    9. N matter what I say r hw I say it
    10. While I like the clr f the hat
    11. In spite f the fact that dctrs have even warned that it causes cancer
    12. She didn't want t g, thugh
    13. N matter which machine he perates

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