还剩7页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：高考英语语法词汇专项突破（含答案解析）
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
高考英语语法词汇专项突破：07被动语态全解读+巩固训练
展开
这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：07被动语态全解读+巩固训练，共10页。
【被动语态概述】
被动语态的是谓语动词与主语之间的动宾关系的一个重要体现，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。根据时态的不同有不同的被动语态形式，基本结构是be+Ved+by+宾语(动作执行者)。主要用于：1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；2．强调动作的承受者。
【高考考例展示】
【考题1】（2023▪全国乙卷）Having visited several times ver the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
答案与解析：was amazed。考查时态和语态。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。
【考题2】（2023▪全国甲卷） Carsn prves that a simple literal frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still (emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.
答案与解析：be emplyed。考查语态。从句主语a simple literal frm与emply之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be emplyed。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文字形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。
【考题3】（2022新高考全国I卷）After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be fficially set up next year. The GPNP (design) t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, prtecting eclgical buffer znes, and leaving behind precius natural assets (资产) fr future generatins”.
答案与解析：is designed。考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。
【考题4】（2020·海南·高考真题）Readers （encurage）t cntinue explring the digital wrld with the guidance f ur Further Resurces sectin featured in each vlume.
答案与解析：are encuraged。考查语态。主语Readers与encurage之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知，用一般现在时。故填are encuraged。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。
【考题5】（2022年浙江1月卷）Travelling t cnferences, lectures, wrkshps, and the like frequently by plane （view） as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin.
答案与解析：is viewed或has been viewed。考查时态和被动语态及其主谓一致。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。
【被动语态全解】
一、不同时态的被动语态构成形式。
被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前，否定句是在第一个助动词后加nt，特殊疑问句为“疑问词＋一般疑问句被动式”。
What is ging t be dne with all this knwledge? 究竟应该如何运用这些知识？
If he had been mre careful, such mistakes culd have been avided. 如果他更细心一些，这种错误本来是可以避免的。
She was set at ease by learning that her husband had been saved. 听说丈夫获救, 这才使她放心了。
【考题】（2023▪浙江1月卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Frbidden City, surrunded in cncentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens f higher scial classes (permit) t live clser t the center f the circles.
【考例点拨】were permitted。考查动词的被动语态。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens f higher scial classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。
【考例】（XXXX·上海卷）The church twer which will be pen t turists sn. The wrk is almst finished.
A. has restred B. has been restred C. is restring D. is being restred
【考例点拨】根据is almst finished知道还没有完工，所以是“正在修复”，主语church twer与restre是动宾关系，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。
二、将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况。
1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词t或fr引导。bring, give, hand, lend, ffer, pass, pay, prmise, sell, shw, take, teach, tell 等常在间接宾语前用介词 t；build, buy, ck, cut, chse, d, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, rder, paint, play, sing 等间接宾语前用介词 fr。如：
（1）My uncle gave me a present n my birthday. →I was given a present n my birthday. →A present was given t me yesterday.
（2） Shuld I fetch yu yur cat/fetch yur cat fr yu frm the next rm? →Shuld yur cat be fetched fr yu frm the next rm?
2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：
（1）They have talked abut this matter recently. →This matter has been talked abut recently.
（2）They put ff the sprts meeting. →The sprts meeting was been put ff.
（3）She’s a wman wh we can depend n. →She’s a wman wh can be depended n (by us). 她是个可以信赖的人。
3．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：在see, watch, hear, ntice, listen t, lk at, make, feel等感官或使役动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 t，但改成被动语态后都带t，这时不定式为主语补足语。例如：
（1）Taiwanese peple re-elected Ma Ying-jeu Taiwan leader n 14th January, 2012.
→Ma Ying-jeu was re-elected Taiwan leader (by) Taiwanese peple n 14th January, 2012.
（2）His mther made him t practise the pian s much. →He was made t practise the pian s much (by his mther)
4．动词不定式的被动语态为“t be＋Ved”。注意主动形式表示被动意义的情况：①be t blame；②have(有)+n/prn+t d sth. 的不定式动作由句子主语发出时；③形容词hard, easy, difficult, fit等跟不定式。例如：
（1）Within these large dialect grups, there are small grups, many f which are difficult t understand. 在这些大的方言群中，还有一些小的方言群，其中许多方言难以理解。
（2）She says they have much t ffer, and urges cmpanies t take advantage f them. 她说他们有很多可以提供的，并敦促公司利用他们。
（3）The water in ur streams is nt fit t drink and we can n lnger eat the fish in ur rivers r the animals in ur frests. 我们河流的水不适合饮用，我们不再能吃我们河里的鱼和森林中的动物。
【考例】 (XXXX·全国I)The discvery f gld in Australia led thusands t believe that a frtune _______.
A. is made B. wuld make C. was t be made D. had made
【考例点拨】根据谓语动词是一般过去时排除A，make a frtune“发财”中的a frtune与make是动宾关系，用被动语态。不定式的被动形式是t be dne，此处用was t表示过去将来。故选C。
5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：
Wh has brken the cup？→By whm has the cup been brken？
6. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示。如：
It is said that …据说……；It is reprted that …据报道……；It is suppsed that …据推测……；It is hped that …希望……；It is well knwn that …众所周知……；It is generally cnsidered that …普遍认为……；有人建议……It is suggested that … 例如：
（1）It is reprted that hundreds f huses fell dwn and many peple died in the earthquake. 据报道，地震中数百间房屋倒塌，许多人死亡。
（2）It is generally cnsidered that bys are better at science than girls. 人们普遍认为男孩比女孩更擅长理科。
（3）It is well knwn that the main cause f rad accidents is drunk driving and driving with ver-speed. 众所周知，交通事故的主要原因是酒后驾车和超速行驶。
（4）It is hped that future studies culd explain these differences and perhaps lead t different treatments fr men and wmen. 未来的研究有望能够解释这些差异，可能还会为男性和女性带来不同的疗法。
（5）Therefre, it is suggested that cllege students shuld make friends with peple having different genders, characteristics r backgrunds. 因此，建议大学生们应当与不同性别、性格以及背景的人结朋友。
7.及物动词knw的被动语态形式是be knwn t sb.，介词用t不用by，但是会有系表结构的短语be knwn as/fr等。例如：
（1）Althugh he is knwn t nly a few, his reputatin amng them is very great. 尽管只有几个人知道他，但是他在他们之中的名声很大。
（2）As is knwn t us all, sme students cpy thers' hmewrk. 众所周知，有些学生抄别人的作业。
有些表面上是be+Ved被动结构，事实上体现的是系表的含义，在使用时候要注意。如：be suppsed t d应该...; be devted t 专心致志于，奉献于；be impressed with/by对印象深刻; be used/ accustmed /adjusted t 习惯于; be equipped with装备着, 配备着; be lst in迷失于, 沉浸于; be buried in埋头于；be absrbed in全神贯注于；be ccupied with 忙于；be engaged in全身投入于；be based n 基于，在...基础上；be invlved in/with参与，牵涉到；be expsed t暴露于，接触； be linked /related t与...有联系；be assciated/ cnnected/ cncerned with与...有联系；be made f由...制成；be trapped/stuck/caught in陷于...之中；be seated at/in/n坐在；be dressed in穿着...；be set in 背景设置在...；be aimed at旨在；be cvered with 覆盖着...；be addicted t对...上瘾；be filled with 充满着...；be crwded with 挤满着...；be knwn fr (as) 因/以...而闻名；be tired with/f 对...身体累/心理累；be interested in对...感兴趣； be pleased /satisfied with 对...满意；be cncerned/wrried abut对...担忧；be fed up with 对...厌恶；be faced with 面临着...；be lcated/situated in/n 位于/坐落于；be armed with 武装着，配备着；be adapted t适应，习惯于；be decrated with装饰着...；be cmpared with/t与...相比；be prepared fr为...做好准备；be burdened with肩负着，负担着；be furnished with配备着；be intended/designed fr专为...而设计，专为...提供；be regarded/treated as被认为...，被当作。例如：
（1）The schl unifrm is very imprtant because it always reminds me that I am suppsed t g ut f my way t study hard. 校服很重要，因为它总是提醒我，我应该努力学习。
（2）Nwadays, senir middle schl students are burdened with all kinds f hmewrk and are always exhausted. 如今，高中生负担着各种各样的作业，经常疲惫不堪。
（3）Fr the first few days I was busy with everything, later I'm ccupied with nthing. 开始几天还很开心的忙碌着各种事情，后来慢慢的转向无所事事。
（4） "Children wh are ften expsed t a variety f vegetables are mre likely t try new fds," explains Dr. Kerry Jnes. “经常接触各种蔬菜的孩子更有可能尝试新的食物。”凯利·琼斯博士解释道。
（5）Traditinal red pckets are ften decrated with gld Chinese characters, such as happiness and wealth. 传统的红包通常饰有金色的汉字，比如福和富。
三、不能用被动结构的情况。
1. 连系动词本身的主动形式已经表示被动意义，如：feel，lk, seem, appear, taste, sund, remain，keep, stay, prve等。其中prve作为及物动词可以用被动语态。例如：
（1）Judy, the cake yu baked tasted s delicius. 朱迪，你烤的蛋糕真好吃。
（2）Whether Captain Turnbill r I were right, remains t be prved later. 究竟是特恩比尔船长对还是我对，尚待日后加以证实。
2. rise, happen, disappear, succeed, remain, cme, g, lie, take place, break ut, lse heart等不及物动词或不及物动词短语不可以跟宾语，当然没有被动语态，不要受汉语影误用被动语态。像belng t, cnsist f, add up t, cme t, agree with, happen t等虽然可以跟宾语，但不可以用被动结构。例如：
（1）The sea level has risen abut 10-25cm in the last 100 years. 在过去的100年中，海平面上升了大约10到25厘米。
（2）She and her children see the many things that belnged t him arund the huse, but he is gne.她和孩子们凝视着房子里曾经属于他的东西，但他已经不在了。(注意：句中的gne是形容词，is gne是系表结构，不是被动语态)
3. 反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、V-ing形式及抽象名词等作宾语时，不能变为被动句子的主语。
We thrughly understand each ther/ne anther, even if we dn’t always agree. 我们彼此非常了解, 虽然有时候也有一些分歧.
Let us wrk hard and study well and live a happy and healthy life. 让我们努力工作，好好学习，过幸福健康的生活。
Giving t much attentin t unimprtant matters will waste yur valuable time. 过分注意琐碎事儿会浪费你宝贵的时间。
4. 及物动词reach (leave, enter)等的宾语表示“处所”或“地点”, jin等的宾语表示“组织”, suit“适合”, have(wn) “拥有”, hld“容纳”, benefit（有益于）, lack“缺少”等不用被动语态。还有动词fail, last, cst, like, wish等表示状态的及物动词的主动句也不能变为被动语态。例如：
The students entered the classrm ne by ne. 同学们陆陆续续进了教室。
I culd never frget the day that I jined the Party. 我永远忘不了我被接受入党的那一天。
The spacius parking area can hld mre than 200 cars t park. 宽敞的停车场可容纳200余辆轿车停放。
比较：The United Natins Climate Change Cnference 2011 was held in Durban, Suth Africa frm Nvember 28 t December 11. 2011年联合国气候变化大会于12月11日到28日在南非德班举行。
4. 完成进行时不用被动语态形式
I have been reading Shakespeare lately; I have read all the cmedies and sme f the histries.我最近一直在读莎士比亚的作品，已经读完了他所有的喜剧和一部分历史剧。
By the end f the mnth he will have been living/wrking/studying here fr ten years.到了月底他在这里居住/工作/学习就满十年了。
I had been writing abut the Internet frm 1996 t 2002. I fund that I didn't have any right t vice my pinins, I wanted t have an article, but there was n place where I can write my article.
从1996年到2002年，我写了六年有关互联网的文章，但我在网络里居然连一个发表权都没有，要发一篇文章，你就是发不出来。
【牛刀小试】
一、用括号内所给单词的正确形式完成下列各句。
1. An internatinal ecnmic and trade exhibitin ______ (hld) in Beijing next week.
2. The ther day, Peter _____ (questin) hw much mney _____ (steal) in all by the end f last mnth.
3. He _____ (leave) his hmetwn five years ag, since when he _____(live) a hard life. Althugh he telephned me that his new huse _____ (build) sn in his city, his wish _____(nt cme) true s far. I d wish his dream ______ (can realize) earlier.
4. It ______ (reprt) that the railway ______ (cmplete) by the end f next mnth.
5. But a watch culd _________ (never repair) itself, fr it _________(nt cnsist f) living parts.
6. When she made up his mind t g hme she realized a lt f tea shuld _______ (buy) fr her family and her friends.
7. Water ______ (say) t cnsist f xygen and hydrgen.
8. A large piece f clth shuld ______ (lay) ver the flr r furniture while a rm _____ (paint).
9. Great changes _______ (take place) in my hme village in the past few years.
10. Besides, all I said, thugh it _______ (sund) strange, was abslutely true t fact.
Keys: 1. will be held 2. was questined; had been stlen
3. left; has been living; wuld be built; hasn’t cme; culd be realized
4. is reprted; will have been cmpleted; invented
5. never repair; des nt cnsist f
6. be bught
7. is said
8. be laid; is being painted
9. have taken place
10. sunded
时态类别
构成形式
典型例句
一般现在时
is/am/are dne
【考例】Unless extra mney____, the theatre will clse. (XXXX全国大纲卷)
A. was fund B. finds C. is fund D. fund
【答案与解析】C。unless引导的条件状语从句要求用一般现在时表示将来，从句主语mney是find动作承受者，是动宾关系，用被动语态。
一般过去时
was/were dne
【考例】--Did yu enjy the party? （XXXX·北京卷）
--Yes,we______by ur hsts.
A.were treated B.wuld be treated. C.treated D.had treated
【答案与解析】A。问句是一般过去时，根据答句的yes确定一般过去时。根据介词by的提示知道we和treated是被动关系。
一般将来时
will/ is(am, are) ging t / shall be dne
【考例】It is reprted that a space statin ______ n the mn in years t cme. (XXXX·安徽卷)
will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built
【答案与解析】B。由“in years t cme”可知用将来时，space statin和build是动宾关系，用被动语态。
现在进行时
is/am/are being dne
【考例】They are living with their parents fr the mment because their wn huse ____.（XXXX四川卷）
A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt
【答案】A。“现在跟父母生活在一起”是因为“自己的房子正在维修”， 主语huse是 rebuild的动作承受者，用现在进行时被动语态。
过去进行时
was/were being dne
After making inquiries Hughes discvered that they were being cmpsed n cmputers, then just finding their way int British hmes. 休斯在询问之后发现，它们是在电脑上创作，然后再进入英国家庭。
现在完成时
have/has been dne
【考例】（XXXX·天津卷）In the last few years thusands f films all ver the wrd.
A.have prduced B. have been prduced
C. are prducing D. are being prduced
【考例点拨】根据In the last few years“在过去的几年”用现在完成时，主语films与prduce是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。故选B。
过去完成时
had been dne
When his diary was finally printed years after his death, much f it had been destryed r lst. 在他死后数年，当他的日记终于被打印出来时，大部分已经被毁或丢失了。
将来完成时
will/shall have been dne
When yu receive this a bank rbbery will have been cmmitted by Tm fr ne dllar. 当你收到这封信的时候，汤姆已经开始在银行抢劫一美元了。
过去将来时
wuld/was (were) ging t /shuld be dne
情态动词的被动语态
情态动词+be dne（have been dne）
【被动语态概述】
被动语态的是谓语动词与主语之间的动宾关系的一个重要体现，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。根据时态的不同有不同的被动语态形式，基本结构是be+Ved+by+宾语(动作执行者)。主要用于：1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；2．强调动作的承受者。
【高考考例展示】
【考题1】（2023▪全国乙卷）Having visited several times ver the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.
答案与解析：was amazed。考查时态和语态。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。
【考题2】（2023▪全国甲卷） Carsn prves that a simple literal frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still (emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.
答案与解析：be emplyed。考查语态。从句主语a simple literal frm与emply之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be emplyed。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文字形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。
【考题3】（2022新高考全国I卷）After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be fficially set up next year. The GPNP (design) t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, prtecting eclgical buffer znes, and leaving behind precius natural assets (资产) fr future generatins”.
答案与解析：is designed。考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。
【考题4】（2020·海南·高考真题）Readers （encurage）t cntinue explring the digital wrld with the guidance f ur Further Resurces sectin featured in each vlume.
答案与解析：are encuraged。考查语态。主语Readers与encurage之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知，用一般现在时。故填are encuraged。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。
【考题5】（2022年浙江1月卷）Travelling t cnferences, lectures, wrkshps, and the like frequently by plane （view） as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin.
答案与解析：is viewed或has been viewed。考查时态和被动语态及其主谓一致。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。
【被动语态全解】
一、不同时态的被动语态构成形式。
被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前，否定句是在第一个助动词后加nt，特殊疑问句为“疑问词＋一般疑问句被动式”。
What is ging t be dne with all this knwledge? 究竟应该如何运用这些知识？
If he had been mre careful, such mistakes culd have been avided. 如果他更细心一些，这种错误本来是可以避免的。
She was set at ease by learning that her husband had been saved. 听说丈夫获救, 这才使她放心了。
【考题】（2023▪浙江1月卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Frbidden City, surrunded in cncentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens f higher scial classes (permit) t live clser t the center f the circles.
【考例点拨】were permitted。考查动词的被动语态。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens f higher scial classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。
【考例】（XXXX·上海卷）The church twer which will be pen t turists sn. The wrk is almst finished.
A. has restred B. has been restred C. is restring D. is being restred
【考例点拨】根据is almst finished知道还没有完工，所以是“正在修复”，主语church twer与restre是动宾关系，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。
二、将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况。
1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词t或fr引导。bring, give, hand, lend, ffer, pass, pay, prmise, sell, shw, take, teach, tell 等常在间接宾语前用介词 t；build, buy, ck, cut, chse, d, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, rder, paint, play, sing 等间接宾语前用介词 fr。如：
（1）My uncle gave me a present n my birthday. →I was given a present n my birthday. →A present was given t me yesterday.
（2） Shuld I fetch yu yur cat/fetch yur cat fr yu frm the next rm? →Shuld yur cat be fetched fr yu frm the next rm?
2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：
（1）They have talked abut this matter recently. →This matter has been talked abut recently.
（2）They put ff the sprts meeting. →The sprts meeting was been put ff.
（3）She’s a wman wh we can depend n. →She’s a wman wh can be depended n (by us). 她是个可以信赖的人。
3．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：在see, watch, hear, ntice, listen t, lk at, make, feel等感官或使役动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 t，但改成被动语态后都带t，这时不定式为主语补足语。例如：
（1）Taiwanese peple re-elected Ma Ying-jeu Taiwan leader n 14th January, 2012.
→Ma Ying-jeu was re-elected Taiwan leader (by) Taiwanese peple n 14th January, 2012.
（2）His mther made him t practise the pian s much. →He was made t practise the pian s much (by his mther)
4．动词不定式的被动语态为“t be＋Ved”。注意主动形式表示被动意义的情况：①be t blame；②have(有)+n/prn+t d sth. 的不定式动作由句子主语发出时；③形容词hard, easy, difficult, fit等跟不定式。例如：
（1）Within these large dialect grups, there are small grups, many f which are difficult t understand. 在这些大的方言群中，还有一些小的方言群，其中许多方言难以理解。
（2）She says they have much t ffer, and urges cmpanies t take advantage f them. 她说他们有很多可以提供的，并敦促公司利用他们。
（3）The water in ur streams is nt fit t drink and we can n lnger eat the fish in ur rivers r the animals in ur frests. 我们河流的水不适合饮用，我们不再能吃我们河里的鱼和森林中的动物。
【考例】 (XXXX·全国I)The discvery f gld in Australia led thusands t believe that a frtune _______.
A. is made B. wuld make C. was t be made D. had made
【考例点拨】根据谓语动词是一般过去时排除A，make a frtune“发财”中的a frtune与make是动宾关系，用被动语态。不定式的被动形式是t be dne，此处用was t表示过去将来。故选C。
5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：
Wh has brken the cup？→By whm has the cup been brken？
6. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示。如：
It is said that …据说……；It is reprted that …据报道……；It is suppsed that …据推测……；It is hped that …希望……；It is well knwn that …众所周知……；It is generally cnsidered that …普遍认为……；有人建议……It is suggested that … 例如：
（1）It is reprted that hundreds f huses fell dwn and many peple died in the earthquake. 据报道，地震中数百间房屋倒塌，许多人死亡。
（2）It is generally cnsidered that bys are better at science than girls. 人们普遍认为男孩比女孩更擅长理科。
（3）It is well knwn that the main cause f rad accidents is drunk driving and driving with ver-speed. 众所周知，交通事故的主要原因是酒后驾车和超速行驶。
（4）It is hped that future studies culd explain these differences and perhaps lead t different treatments fr men and wmen. 未来的研究有望能够解释这些差异，可能还会为男性和女性带来不同的疗法。
（5）Therefre, it is suggested that cllege students shuld make friends with peple having different genders, characteristics r backgrunds. 因此，建议大学生们应当与不同性别、性格以及背景的人结朋友。
7.及物动词knw的被动语态形式是be knwn t sb.，介词用t不用by，但是会有系表结构的短语be knwn as/fr等。例如：
（1）Althugh he is knwn t nly a few, his reputatin amng them is very great. 尽管只有几个人知道他，但是他在他们之中的名声很大。
（2）As is knwn t us all, sme students cpy thers' hmewrk. 众所周知，有些学生抄别人的作业。
有些表面上是be+Ved被动结构，事实上体现的是系表的含义，在使用时候要注意。如：be suppsed t d应该...; be devted t 专心致志于，奉献于；be impressed with/by对印象深刻; be used/ accustmed /adjusted t 习惯于; be equipped with装备着, 配备着; be lst in迷失于, 沉浸于; be buried in埋头于；be absrbed in全神贯注于；be ccupied with 忙于；be engaged in全身投入于；be based n 基于，在...基础上；be invlved in/with参与，牵涉到；be expsed t暴露于，接触； be linked /related t与...有联系；be assciated/ cnnected/ cncerned with与...有联系；be made f由...制成；be trapped/stuck/caught in陷于...之中；be seated at/in/n坐在；be dressed in穿着...；be set in 背景设置在...；be aimed at旨在；be cvered with 覆盖着...；be addicted t对...上瘾；be filled with 充满着...；be crwded with 挤满着...；be knwn fr (as) 因/以...而闻名；be tired with/f 对...身体累/心理累；be interested in对...感兴趣； be pleased /satisfied with 对...满意；be cncerned/wrried abut对...担忧；be fed up with 对...厌恶；be faced with 面临着...；be lcated/situated in/n 位于/坐落于；be armed with 武装着，配备着；be adapted t适应，习惯于；be decrated with装饰着...；be cmpared with/t与...相比；be prepared fr为...做好准备；be burdened with肩负着，负担着；be furnished with配备着；be intended/designed fr专为...而设计，专为...提供；be regarded/treated as被认为...，被当作。例如：
（1）The schl unifrm is very imprtant because it always reminds me that I am suppsed t g ut f my way t study hard. 校服很重要，因为它总是提醒我，我应该努力学习。
（2）Nwadays, senir middle schl students are burdened with all kinds f hmewrk and are always exhausted. 如今，高中生负担着各种各样的作业，经常疲惫不堪。
（3）Fr the first few days I was busy with everything, later I'm ccupied with nthing. 开始几天还很开心的忙碌着各种事情，后来慢慢的转向无所事事。
（4） "Children wh are ften expsed t a variety f vegetables are mre likely t try new fds," explains Dr. Kerry Jnes. “经常接触各种蔬菜的孩子更有可能尝试新的食物。”凯利·琼斯博士解释道。
（5）Traditinal red pckets are ften decrated with gld Chinese characters, such as happiness and wealth. 传统的红包通常饰有金色的汉字，比如福和富。
三、不能用被动结构的情况。
1. 连系动词本身的主动形式已经表示被动意义，如：feel，lk, seem, appear, taste, sund, remain，keep, stay, prve等。其中prve作为及物动词可以用被动语态。例如：
（1）Judy, the cake yu baked tasted s delicius. 朱迪，你烤的蛋糕真好吃。
（2）Whether Captain Turnbill r I were right, remains t be prved later. 究竟是特恩比尔船长对还是我对，尚待日后加以证实。
2. rise, happen, disappear, succeed, remain, cme, g, lie, take place, break ut, lse heart等不及物动词或不及物动词短语不可以跟宾语，当然没有被动语态，不要受汉语影误用被动语态。像belng t, cnsist f, add up t, cme t, agree with, happen t等虽然可以跟宾语，但不可以用被动结构。例如：
（1）The sea level has risen abut 10-25cm in the last 100 years. 在过去的100年中，海平面上升了大约10到25厘米。
（2）She and her children see the many things that belnged t him arund the huse, but he is gne.她和孩子们凝视着房子里曾经属于他的东西，但他已经不在了。(注意：句中的gne是形容词，is gne是系表结构，不是被动语态)
3. 反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、V-ing形式及抽象名词等作宾语时，不能变为被动句子的主语。
We thrughly understand each ther/ne anther, even if we dn’t always agree. 我们彼此非常了解, 虽然有时候也有一些分歧.
Let us wrk hard and study well and live a happy and healthy life. 让我们努力工作，好好学习，过幸福健康的生活。
Giving t much attentin t unimprtant matters will waste yur valuable time. 过分注意琐碎事儿会浪费你宝贵的时间。
4. 及物动词reach (leave, enter)等的宾语表示“处所”或“地点”, jin等的宾语表示“组织”, suit“适合”, have(wn) “拥有”, hld“容纳”, benefit（有益于）, lack“缺少”等不用被动语态。还有动词fail, last, cst, like, wish等表示状态的及物动词的主动句也不能变为被动语态。例如：
The students entered the classrm ne by ne. 同学们陆陆续续进了教室。
I culd never frget the day that I jined the Party. 我永远忘不了我被接受入党的那一天。
The spacius parking area can hld mre than 200 cars t park. 宽敞的停车场可容纳200余辆轿车停放。
比较：The United Natins Climate Change Cnference 2011 was held in Durban, Suth Africa frm Nvember 28 t December 11. 2011年联合国气候变化大会于12月11日到28日在南非德班举行。
4. 完成进行时不用被动语态形式
I have been reading Shakespeare lately; I have read all the cmedies and sme f the histries.我最近一直在读莎士比亚的作品，已经读完了他所有的喜剧和一部分历史剧。
By the end f the mnth he will have been living/wrking/studying here fr ten years.到了月底他在这里居住/工作/学习就满十年了。
I had been writing abut the Internet frm 1996 t 2002. I fund that I didn't have any right t vice my pinins, I wanted t have an article, but there was n place where I can write my article.
从1996年到2002年，我写了六年有关互联网的文章，但我在网络里居然连一个发表权都没有，要发一篇文章，你就是发不出来。
【牛刀小试】
一、用括号内所给单词的正确形式完成下列各句。
1. An internatinal ecnmic and trade exhibitin ______ (hld) in Beijing next week.
2. The ther day, Peter _____ (questin) hw much mney _____ (steal) in all by the end f last mnth.
3. He _____ (leave) his hmetwn five years ag, since when he _____(live) a hard life. Althugh he telephned me that his new huse _____ (build) sn in his city, his wish _____(nt cme) true s far. I d wish his dream ______ (can realize) earlier.
4. It ______ (reprt) that the railway ______ (cmplete) by the end f next mnth.
5. But a watch culd _________ (never repair) itself, fr it _________(nt cnsist f) living parts.
6. When she made up his mind t g hme she realized a lt f tea shuld _______ (buy) fr her family and her friends.
7. Water ______ (say) t cnsist f xygen and hydrgen.
8. A large piece f clth shuld ______ (lay) ver the flr r furniture while a rm _____ (paint).
9. Great changes _______ (take place) in my hme village in the past few years.
10. Besides, all I said, thugh it _______ (sund) strange, was abslutely true t fact.
Keys: 1. will be held 2. was questined; had been stlen
3. left; has been living; wuld be built; hasn’t cme; culd be realized
4. is reprted; will have been cmpleted; invented
5. never repair; des nt cnsist f
6. be bught
7. is said
8. be laid; is being painted
9. have taken place
10. sunded
时态类别
构成形式
典型例句
一般现在时
is/am/are dne
【考例】Unless extra mney____, the theatre will clse. (XXXX全国大纲卷)
A. was fund B. finds C. is fund D. fund
【答案与解析】C。unless引导的条件状语从句要求用一般现在时表示将来，从句主语mney是find动作承受者，是动宾关系，用被动语态。
一般过去时
was/were dne
【考例】--Did yu enjy the party? （XXXX·北京卷）
--Yes,we______by ur hsts.
A.were treated B.wuld be treated. C.treated D.had treated
【答案与解析】A。问句是一般过去时，根据答句的yes确定一般过去时。根据介词by的提示知道we和treated是被动关系。
一般将来时
will/ is(am, are) ging t / shall be dne
【考例】It is reprted that a space statin ______ n the mn in years t cme. (XXXX·安徽卷)
will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built
【答案与解析】B。由“in years t cme”可知用将来时，space statin和build是动宾关系，用被动语态。
现在进行时
is/am/are being dne
【考例】They are living with their parents fr the mment because their wn huse ____.（XXXX四川卷）
A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt
【答案】A。“现在跟父母生活在一起”是因为“自己的房子正在维修”， 主语huse是 rebuild的动作承受者，用现在进行时被动语态。
过去进行时
was/were being dne
After making inquiries Hughes discvered that they were being cmpsed n cmputers, then just finding their way int British hmes. 休斯在询问之后发现，它们是在电脑上创作，然后再进入英国家庭。
现在完成时
have/has been dne
【考例】（XXXX·天津卷）In the last few years thusands f films all ver the wrd.
A.have prduced B. have been prduced
C. are prducing D. are being prduced
【考例点拨】根据In the last few years“在过去的几年”用现在完成时，主语films与prduce是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。故选B。
过去完成时
had been dne
When his diary was finally printed years after his death, much f it had been destryed r lst. 在他死后数年，当他的日记终于被打印出来时，大部分已经被毁或丢失了。
将来完成时
will/shall have been dne
When yu receive this a bank rbbery will have been cmmitted by Tm fr ne dllar. 当你收到这封信的时候，汤姆已经开始在银行抢劫一美元了。
过去将来时
wuld/was (were) ging t /shuld be dne
情态动词的被动语态
情态动词+be dne（have been dne）
相关试卷
高考英语语法词汇专项突破：06定语从句难点全解读（2-2）+巩固练习+答案： 这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：06定语从句难点全解读（2-2）+巩固练习+答案，共17页。
高考英语语法词汇专项突破：05全解读让步状语从句考点+巩固练习+答案： 这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：05全解读让步状语从句考点+巩固练习+答案，共12页。
高考英语语法词汇专项突破：04非限制性定语从句全解读+巩固练习+答案： 这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：04非限制性定语从句全解读+巩固练习+答案，共14页。
