高考英语语法词汇专项突破：08过去分词作状语及短语动词考点扫描

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：08过去分词作状语及短语动词考点扫描，共6页。
【考题展示】
【考例】（2018·北京）Ordinary sap, _________(use) crrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
答案与解析：used。考查非谓语动词之过去分词作状语。Ordinary sap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_________ crrectly是条件状语，修饰rdinary sap，rdinary sap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词作状语。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。
【重难点解读】
过去分词作状语及短语动词一直是历年高考试题的重要测试点，测试要点涉及到句式、语态、搭配、省略等，现将其主要考点总结如下：
一、过去分词作状语
过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，表示被动和完成，在句子中一般可以作时间、原因、条件、让步、结果状语等，通常要求其逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致。
1. 过去分词或过去分词短语单独作状语
【考例】____ in the prest area f Glasgw, he had a lng, hard rad t becming a ftball star. （XXXX·重庆卷）
A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. T raise
【答案与解析】C。动词raise与句子主语he是动宾关系，即“被抚养大”,过去分词短语作原因状语，相当于Because he was raised in… 。句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。
【考例】______in painting, Jhn didn’t ntice evening appraching. （XXXX·天津卷）
A. T absrbB. T be absrbedC. AbsrbedD. Absrbing
【答案与解析】C。短语be absrbed in全神贯注于，在句中作原因状语，相当于Because he was absrbed in painting…。句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。要注意与be absrbed in类似的“be+过去分词+介词”短语，如：be accustmed(addicted/ devted/ used/ married/ engaged/ knwn /…)t, be cnnected (cvered/ satisfied/ pleased/ tired/ burdened/ equipped/ furnished/ crwded/ filled …) with, be lst (invlved/ absrbed/ experienced/ dressed …) in等。
2. “连词+过去分词或过去分词短语”作状语
当时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句的主语与句子的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词是被动语态时，可以省略从句的主语和助动词be，用“连词+过去分词”结构。
【考例】Children，when _______ by their parents, are allwed t enter the stadium. (XXXX·湖南卷)
A. t be accmpaniedB. t accmpany C.accmpanyingD. accmpanied
【答案与解析】D。根据题干的介词by看出是被动意义，扩展为句子则是…when they are cmpanied by their parents, 用过去分词作时间状语。

3. “名词/代词+过去分词或过去分词短语”作状语
该结构是独立主格结构，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，其前面的名词或代词就是自己的逻辑主语。
【考例】Much time _____ sitting at a desk, ffice wrkers are generally trubled by health prblems. （XXXX·江苏卷）
A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending
【答案与解析】C。分词的逻辑主语是time，与后面主句的主语不一致，用独立主格结构。spend与time之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。句意：上班族们坐在办公桌前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。
4. 过去分词作为悬垂分词作状语
过去分词逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，也可以作状语。能使用这种结构词不多，可以看作是惯用法，在句子中逐渐起到连词或介词的作用，便把它们视为连词或介词。如：
Taken as a whle, there is nthing with the bk. 总的来说，这本书没有问题。（介词）
Prvided (that) my expenses are paid, I will g. 要是我的费用有人代付，我就去。（连词）
Given the general state f his health, it will take a few weeks fr him t recver. 鉴于他的身体状况，还要几周才能恢复。（介词）
二、短语动词
短语动词是由一个动词和介词、副词或其他词在一起构成的固定搭配，这些组合一般只作为一个整体使用，其作用和动词差不多。
1. 动词+副词
所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类。需要注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开；②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间；③同一动词和不同副词搭配或不同动词和同一副词搭配时时，意义上有很大的差异。
【考例】（XXXX·浙江卷）Bdy language can a lt abut yur md, s standing with yur arms flded can send ut a signal that yu are being defensive.
A. take away B. thrw away C. put away D. give away
【答案与解析】D。A拿走；B扔掉；C放好；D泄露。句意：肢体语言可以透露很多心情，所以把你的手折起来站着，表示你是有防范的。
2. 不及物动词+介词
需要注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面；②同一动词和不同介词搭配或同一介词跟不同动词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。
【考例】We tend t have a better memry fr things that excite ur senses r ur emtins than fr straight facts. （XXXX浙江卷）
A. blck ff. B. appeal t C. subscribe t D. cme acrss
【答案与解析】B。blck ff封锁， appeal t吸引， subscribe t订阅，cme acrss遇到。句意：我们趋向于对于有一些记忆会比较清楚，这些东西是让我们激动或者是吸引我们的。
3. 不及物动词+副词+介词
【考例】Carline desn’t have a gift fr music, but she _____ it with hard wrk. (XXXX全国大纲卷)
A. ges back n B. takes away frm C. makes up fr D. catches up with
【答案与解析】C。俗话说“勤能补拙”，没有音乐天赋，用勤奋“弥补”。A违背， 背叛，丢弃；B从……拿走；C弥补；D赶上。
4. 及物动词+名词/代词+介词
【考例】As a grassrts singer, she reads everything she can cncerning music, and takes every pprtunity t imprve herself. (XXXX福建卷)
A. catch sight f B. get hld f C. take charge f D. make mentin f
【答案与解析】B。考查动词短语辨析。A抓住, 得到, 符合句意; B看见; C掌管,负责; D提到。句意:作为一名草根歌手, 她阅读一切能够得到的关于音乐的东西, 并且抓住每一个机会提升自己。
【跟踪训练1】
从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
1. Clearly and thughtfully________, the bk inspires cnfidence in students wh wish t seek their wn answers. (XXXX天津卷)
A. writing B. t write C. written D. being written
2. Anyway , we’re here nw ,s let’s ___sme serius wrk. (XXXX·江西卷)
A. cme up with B. get dwn t C. d away with D. live up t
3. If yu _____faults but yu still want the bicycle, ask the shp assistant t reduce the price. (XXXX·安徽卷)
A. cme acrssB. care abutC. lk frD. fcus upn
4. Traditinally, cllege students hld a graduatin ceremny t encurage themselves befre they n their life jurney. (XXX·安徽卷)
A. give up B. settle dwn C. get thrugh D. set ff
5. The exam results will be n Friday afternn. （XXXX·辽宁卷）
A. put dwn B. put ff C. put up D. put away
6. There is n dubt that this candidate’s advantage _____ his ability t cmmunicate with freigners in English. （XXXX·湖北卷）
A. leaves ut B. ges against C. lies in D. makes up
7. Vide games can be a pr influence if ________ in the wrng hands. （XXXX·湖南卷）
A. t leaveB. leaving C. leave D. left
8. There are sme health prblems that, when ______ in time, can becme bigger nes later n. (XXXX浙江卷)
A. nt treated B. nt being treated C. nt t be treated D. nt have been treated
Keys:1-4 CBAD 5-8 CCDA
【跟踪训练2】
I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。
1. Wuld yu like t with us t the film tnight? (XXXX全国大纲卷)
A. cme alng B. cme ff C. cme acrss D. cme thrugh
2. Tm had t______ the invitatin t the party last weekend because he was t busy. (XXXX·天津卷)
A. turn inB. turn dwnC. turn verD. turn t
3. —Dad, I dn’t think Oliver the right srt f persn fr the jb.
—I see. I’ll g right away and ________. (XXXX·江苏卷)
A. pay him back B. pay him ff C. put him away D. put him ff
4. Peter will his pst as the head f the travel agency at the end f next mnth. （XXXX·陕西卷）
A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up
5. Dn’t wrry. I’m sure yur missing glasses will ______ sner r later. (XXXX·湖北卷)
A. stand ut B. break up C. get ut D. turn up
6. in the early 20th century, the schl keeps n inspiring children’s lve f art. (XXXX·安徽卷)
A. T fund B. Funding C. Funded D. Having funded
7. Anyne, nce ____ psitive fr H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment frm ur gvernment. (XXXX·福建卷)
A. t be tested B. being tested C. tested D. t test
8. Film has a much shrter histry, especially when_ such art frms as music and painting. (XXXX·全国卷)
A. having cmpared t B. cmparing tC. cmpare t D. cmpared t
9. _______ with care, ne tin will last fr six weeks. (XXXX·北京卷)
A. Use B. Using C. Used D. T use
10. ______ int English, the sentence was fund t have an entirely different wrd rder. （XXXX·天津卷）
A. Translating B. Translated C. T translate D. Having translated
II. 根据汉语提示完成下列句子, 每空一词。
1. 他们俩一见倾心, 六个星期后就结了婚。(fall)
They met, ______ _____ _____ ______ and gt married six weeks later.
2. 他显然从未听过拜伦的名字，但是拜伦那军官制服赢得了他的刮目相看。(hear)
He ______ bviusly ______ _____ ______ Byrn, but the unifrm impressed him.
3. 他们一听到这消息便立刻动身去车站。(set)
Hearing the news, they _______ _____ _____ ______ the statin .
4. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。(sastisfy)
______ ______ what he did, the teacher praised him in class.
5. 从月亮上看时，地球是绿色。(see)
______ _____ _____ ______, the earth lks green.
6. 即使给他解释一百篇，她还是不会。(explain)
______ _____ _____ _______, he still can’t understand it.
7. 他从树上摔了下来，腿摔断了。(break)
He fell ff a tall tree, _____ ______ _____.
8. 要是他按我们的建议去做，我们就能帮助他。(prvide)
______ _____ _____ _____ ______, we can help him.
Keys:
I. 1-5 ABBAD 6-10 CCDCB
II. 1. fell fr each ther
2. had; never heard f
3. immediately set ff fr
4. Satisfied with
5. Seen frm the mn
6. Explained a hundred times
7. his leg brken
8. Prvided/Prviding/If he fllws ur advice