新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点13-阅读之推理判断题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点13-阅读之推理判断题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点13-阅读之推理判断题原卷版doc、新高考英语一轮复习考点过关练考点13-阅读之推理判断题解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共64页， 欢迎下载使用。
【命题趋势】
所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息，即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。此类考题虽然没有明确的答案，但我们在理解全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。
【重要考向】
一、识别推理判断题；
二、推理判断题方法；
考向一
识别推理判断题
【典例】
【2022年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇】
It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) s they can avid paying the tax. Drinks nw cntain 45 millin fewer kils f sugar as a result f manufacturers’ effrts t avid the charge, accrding t Treasury figures. Since April drinks cmpanies have been frced t pay between 18p and 24p fr every litre f sugary drink they prduce r imprt, depending n the sugar cntent.
Hwever sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Tday’s figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schls. Helping the next generatin t have a healthy and active childhd is f great imprtance, and the industry is playing its part.
35. What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?
A. It is a shrt-sighted decisin.B. It is a success stry.
C. It benefits manufacturers.D. It upsets custmers.
【参考答案】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Tday’s figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities and healthier eating in schls.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。
【推理判断题识别提分秘籍】
题干中常含infer(推断)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，indicate(暗示)，cnclude(推断，得出结论)等词语。常见的题干设题形式如下：
1．We can knw frm the passage that ________．
2. We can infer frm the (first/last) passage that ________．
3．The passage/authr implies/suggests that ______．
4．It can be cncluded frm the passage that ________．
5．The underlined sentence indicates that ________．
考向二
推理判断题解题方法
【典例】
【2022年新高考1卷阅读理解B篇】
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,“ said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.（研究小组成员Steven Mran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven Mran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
【推理判断提分秘籍】
一、推断写作意图
推断写作意图，即要求考生根据短文内容推断作者写该文章的目的。
常见的设问形式
1．The authr's main purpse in writing the passage is t ________．
2．The passage is meant t ________．
3．The authr's purpse is t shw ________．
4．The purpse f the article is t ________．
二、 推断观点态度
推断观点态度，即要求考生推断作者对某人某事的看法或作者所持的观点
常见的设问形式
1．The authr seems t be in favr f/against ______．
2．The authr may prbably agree with/supprt ________．
3．What's the authr's pinin
4．In the authr's
说明文中作者的态度:
bjective 客观的 neutral 中立的
psitive 积极的 negative 消极的
disapprval 不赞同的 apprval 赞同的
irnic 讽刺的 critical 批判的
ptimistic 乐观的 pessimistic 悲观的
cautius 小心谨慎的 admiring 钦佩的
indifferent 漠不关心的
三、推断文章出处
推断文章出处，即通过阅读材料，感知内容，从而推断材料的来源。
常见的设问形式
1．The text is mst likely t be taken frm ________．
2．Where des the text prbably cme frm?
3．Where can we mst prbably read this text?
四、推断目标读者
推断目标读者，即要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断此篇文章主要是写给谁看的。
常见的设问形式
1．The passage is prbably written fr ________．
2．Wh is the passage written fr?
3．The text is written mainly fr ________．
解题方法
解答此类题要根据文章内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和口气来判断。
【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇】
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
26. What des the fllw-up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?
A. Hw far they are able t see.B. Hw they track mving bjects.
C. Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.D. Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.
【26题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues, r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇】
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there — brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口号), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving (解决).”
On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
34. What des Shirley Fitzgerald think f Sydney?
A. It is lsing its traditins.B. It shuld speed up its prgress.
C. It shuld expand its ppulatin.D. It is becming mre internatinal.
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. (悉尼的官方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑)”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A项。
【2022年全国乙卷阅读理解B篇】
They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning. Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children weeping frm the cld. In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.
25. What can we learn abut the girls frm paragraph 3?
A. They enjyed much respect.B. They had a rm with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the lcal kids.D. They suffered severe hardships.
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。
【2022年1月浙江卷B篇】
The United States rse t glbal pwer n the strength f its technlgy,and the lifebld f that technlgy has lng been electricity.By prviding lng-distance cmmunicatin and energy,electricity created the mdern wrld.Yet prperly understd,the age f electricity is merely the secnd stage in the age f steam, which began a century earlier.
"It is curius that n ne has put tgether a histry f bth the steam and electric revlutins."writes Maury Klein in his bk The Pwer Makers:Steam,Electricity,and the Men Wh Invented Mdern America.Klein,a nted histrian f technlgy, spins a narrative(叙述) s lively that at times it reads like a nvel.
The stry begins in the last years f the 18th century in Sctland,where Watt perfected"the machine that changed the wrld".Klein writes,“America did nt invent the steam engine,but nce they grasped its pssibility they put it t mre uses than anyne else.”
Meanwhile,ver the curse f 19th century,electricity went frm mere curisity t a basic necessity.Mrse invented a cde fr sending messages ver an electrmagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a vice. Edisn perfected an incandescent bulb(白炽灯泡) that brught electric light int the American hme.
Mst imprtantly,Edisn realized that success depended n mass electrificatin,which he shwed in New Yrk City.With help frm Tesla,Westinghuse's firm develped a system using alternating current（交流电）,which sn became the majr frm f pwer delivery.
T frame his stry,Klein creates the character f Ned,a fictinal witness t the prgress brught abut by the steam and electric revlutins in America during ne man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a lng narrative int an interesting ne.
25.What can be inferred abut Ned?
A.He was brn in New Yrk City. B.He wrte many interesting stries,
C.He created an electricity cmpany. D.He lived mainly in the 19th century.
【参考答案】
推理判断题。根据最后一段Klein creates the character f Ned-a fictinal witness the prgress...可知Ned是虚构的人物，作者创造这个角色用以见证电气工业革命的发展，故选项ABC 错误，又根据第三、四段的第一句可判断见证工业革命是在19 世纪，故选D。
【2022年1月浙江卷C篇】
"Hwever,this study des nt shw cause and effect between cardivascular fitness and dementia, it nly shws an assciatin.said Hrder. Mre research is needed t see if imprved fitness culd have a psitive effect n the risk f dementia and als t lk at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is mst imprtant." She als admitted that a relatively small number f wmen were studied,all f whm were frm Sweden,s the results might nt be applicable t ther grups.
29.What d we knw abut Dr Hrder's study?
A. It aimed t find a cure fr dementia. B.Data cllectin was a lengthy prcess.
C.Sme participants withdrew frm it. D.The results were far frm satisfactry.
第29题 推断题。根据最后一段第一句以及最后一段Mre research is needed t see …可知数据的采集是漫长的。故选B.
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇】
Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity (圈养).
The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild. The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there.
7. What can be inferred abut Prn Lympne Reserve?
A. The rhin sectin will be pen t the public.
B. It aims t cntrl the number f the animals.
C. It will cntinue t wrk with the Wrld Wildlife Fund.
D. Sme f its rhins may be sent t the prtected wild areas.
【参考答案】
D推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，Pn Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇】
Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity (圈养).
The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild. The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there.
4. Which f the fllwing best describes the breeding prgramme?
A. Cstly.B. Cntrversial.C. Ambitius.D. Successful.
【参考答案】
D 推理判断题。通过文章第一段“she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve (她成为该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there. (他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里)”可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的。故选D项。
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
33. Why des the authr mentin “dctr” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. T explain a rule.B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T present a fact.D. T make a predictin.
34. What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.
C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
35. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning emtinal intelligence?
A. Its appeal t the public.B. Expectatins fr future studies.
C. Its practical applicatin.D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【参考答案】
33. B推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. (医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。
34. A推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. …The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。
35. B推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
30. What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gne dwn.B. The migratry birds have flwn away.
C. The hunters have stpped hunting.D. The gvernment has cllected mney.
【参考答案】
D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解 B篇】
“A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn’t turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt.” Mr Tittertn explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty f practice. Sme pieces f music can g fr 40 minutes and require up t 50 page turns, including back turns fr repeat passages. Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f “ndding” t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.
25. Which f the fllwing best describes Tittertn’s jb n stage?
A. Bring.B. Well-paid.
C. Demanding.D. Dangerus.
【参考答案】
C推理判断题。根据第三段“A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn’t turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt.(这项工作需要很多技能。你必须确保你不会一次翻两页并且必要的时候确保你回到前面找到音乐重复的部分)”可知，为钢琴家翻页这项工作很需要技巧。由此推知，Tittertn的工作要求是很高的。故选C项。
【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇】
During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin（干扰）in his pen ffice, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street — s I can fcus”. His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut（布局）. But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup — thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp — significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise — nt t lud and nt ttal silence — may actually imprve ne’s creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f “distracted fcus” appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can’t stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers’ cnversatins while we’re trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
35. What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A. He’s a news reprter.
B. He’s an ffice manager.
C. He’s a prfessinal designer.
D. He’s a published writer.
【参考答案】
D 推理判断题。根据第一段“During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）”可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D项。
【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne（using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it）.
Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
26. What can we say abut Baby Bmers?
A. They like smartphne games.B. They enjy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phnes.D. They are attached t their family.
27. What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall ut f use sme day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as imprtant as the gas light.
【参考答案】
26. C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent f Baby Bmers wh've perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。
27. B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇】
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
12. What des the authr think f victrs' standards fr jining the genius club?
A. They're unfair.B. They're cnservative.
C. They're bjective.D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They lk up t great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D. They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs
【参考答案】
12. A 推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that histry is written by victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club-wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief-they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。
13. D推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief. Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】
When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing. I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（横杆）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I'd given it up.
When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I've traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear: turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances. “I was a lcal here 20 years ag,” I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8. What can we learn abut the authr sn after he mved t Lndn?
A. He felt disappinted.B. He gave up his hbby.
C. He liked the weather there.D. He had disagreements with his family.
10. Why did the authr like t spend time in Suthbank when he returned t Lndn?
A. T jin the skatebarding.B. T make new friends.
C. T learn mre tricks.D. T relive his childhd days
【参考答案】
8. A推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A。
10. D 推理判断题。根据第四段““I was a lcal here 20 years ag," I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.””(我告诉他：“我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨，你好！”)”可推知，作者去Suthbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，故选D。
8. 【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
Returning t a bk yu’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an ld friend. There’s a welcme familiarity — but als smetimes a slight suspicin that time has changed yu bth, and thus the relatinship. But bks dn’t change, peple d. And that’s what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.
24. Why des the authr like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relatinship.
B. It’s a windw t a whle new wrld.
C. It’s a substitute fr drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding f neself.
【参考答案】
D 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But bks dn’t change, peple d. And that’s what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty f rereading lies in that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present register. It is true, the lder I get, the mre I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。
9. 【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
There are three bks I reread annually. The first, which I take t reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Mveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris. The language is almst intxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time. Anther is Annie Dillard’s Hly the Firm, her petic 1975 ramble (随笔) abut everything and nthing. The third bk is Juli Crtazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Pems, because petry. And because Crtazar.
25. What d we knw abut the bk A Mveable Feast?
A. It’s a brief accunt f a trip.
B. It’s abut Hemingway’s life as a yung man.
C. It’s a recrd f a histric event.
D. It’s abut Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
【参考答案】
B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Mvable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。
【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact(接触) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
31. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
A. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. Tlerant.D. Cnservative.
【参考答案】
B 推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。
【2020全国卷II阅读理解C篇】
When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list, fur prbably didn’t crss yur mind. But sme eclgists and fashin (时装）enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have（shwcased）nutria fur made int clthes in different styles. “It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur-unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.
Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail. Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
28. What is the purpse f the fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn?
A. T prmte guilt-free fur.
B. T expand the fashin market.
C. T intrduce a new brand.
D. T celebrate a winter hliday.
【参考答案】
A 推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles. “It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur-unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。
29. Why are scientists cncerned abut nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecsystem seriusly.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt lcal cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
【参考答案】
A 推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。
31. What can we infer abuf wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?
A. It’s frmal.B. It’s risky.C. It’s harmful.D. It’s traditinal.
【参考答案】
B推理判断题。根据第二段Mdel Paige Mrgan says, “T give peple a guilt –free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them-I think that’s ging t be a massive thing, at least in New Yrk. ” 得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】
In sme cases, it’s nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the Sates.
27. What can we infer frm the last paragraph abut animal actrs?
A. They may be badly treated.B. They shuld take further training.
C. They culd be traded illegally.D. They wuld lse ppularity.
【参考答案】
A推理判断题。根据最后一段In sme cases, it’s nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the Sates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
【2020全国卷III阅读理解C篇】
With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law: she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl — ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
28. Wh mainly uses the grund flr in the Victrian huse in Bristl?
A. Nick. B. Rita.C. KathrynD. The daughters.
29. What is Nick’s attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther-in -law?
A. Psitive.B. Carefree.C. Tlerant.D. Unwilling.
【参考答案】
28. B细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。
29. A 推理判断题。根据第五段“And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。
【2020全国卷III阅读理解D篇】
We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes(基因), they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
32. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Envirnmental adaptatin f cattle raisers.B. New knwledge f human evlutin.
C. Recent findings f human rigin.D. Significance f fd selectin.
【参考答案】
B推理判断题。根据第一段的we are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes, they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B. New knwledge f human evlutin.(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。
【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解C篇】
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral（葬礼）fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
10. Which f the fllwing best describes Mr Bissell's rad trip in Uzbekistan? （ ）
A. Rmantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerus.
【参考答案】
B推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解D篇】
The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely influential when we're making decisins. If this fellw participant is ging t eat mre, s will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. Hwever, we'll adjust the influence. If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I'll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I'll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
15. On what basis d we "adjust the influence" accrding t the last paragraph? （ ）
A. Hw hungry we are. B. Hw slim we want t be.
C. Hw we perceive thers. D. Hw we feel abut the fd.
【参考答案】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I’ll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I’ll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。
【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】
Ppularity is a well-explred subject in scial psychlgy. Mitch Prinstein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-thers qualities strengthen schlyard friendships, jump-start interpersnal skills and, when tapped early, are emplyed ever after in life and wrk. Then there’s the kind f ppularity that appears in adlescence: status brn f pwer and even dishnrable behavir.
32. What srt f girl was the authr in her early years f elementary schl?
A. Unkind. B. Lnely. C. Generus. D. Cl.
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find abut the mst liked kids?
A. They appeared t be aggressive.
B. They tended t be mre adaptable.
C. They enjyed the highest status.
D. They perfrmed well academically.
【参考答案】
33. C 推理判断题 根据题干中的elementary schl可将答案定位到第一段第一句，该句提到I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes，可推断出，作者在小学时期是一个慷慨大方的女孩。
34. B 推理判断题 根据第二段中的The likables’ plays-well-with-thers qualities … when tapped early, are emplyed ever after in life and wrk. 以及第四段中的We fund that the least well-liked teens had becme mre aggressive ver time tward their classmates. But s had thse wh were high in status. It clearly shwed that while likability can lead t healthy adjustment, high status has just the ppsite effect n us.可知，最不受欢迎的青少年会对同学变得不友好。那些地位高的人也会出现这种情况。讨人喜欢的能力会在今后的生活和工作中发挥作用，带来良好的适应力。由此可推断，最受欢迎的孩子往往适应能力更强。adaptable与本段中的adjustment为同义异构现象。
【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
Fr Canaan Elementary’s secnd grade in Patchgue, N.Y.，tday is speech day, and right nw it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-ld is the jker f the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind f kid wh wuld enjy public speaking.
But he’s nervus.＂I’m here t tell yu tday why yu shuld … shuld…＂Chris trips n the＂-ld,＂a prnunciatin difficulty fr many nn-native English speakers. His teacher, Thmas Whaley, is next t him, whispering supprt.＂…Vte fr …me …＂Except fr sme stumbles, Chris is ding amazingly well. When he brings his speech t a nice cnclusin, Whaley invites the rest f the class t praise him.
A sn f immigrants, Chris started learning English a little ver three years ag. Whaley recalls（回想起）hw at the beginning f the year, when called upn t read, Chris wuld excuse himself t g t the bathrm.
Learning English as a secnd language can be a painful experience. What yu need is a great teacher wh lets yu make mistakes. ＂It takes a lt fr any student,＂ Whaley explains, ＂especially fr a student wh is learning English as their new language, t feel cnfident enugh t say, ‘I dn’t knw，but I want t knw.’＂
Whaley gt the idea f this secnd-grade presidential campaign prject when he asked the children ne day t raise their hands if they thught they culd never be a president. The answer brke his heart. Whaley says the prject is abut mre than just learning t read and speak in public. He wants these kids t learn t bast（夸耀）abut themselves.
＂Basting abut yurself, and yur best qualities,＂ Whaley says, ＂is very difficult fr a child wh came int the classrm nt feeling cnfident.＂
26. We can infer that the purpse f Whaley’s prject is t _________.
A. help students see their wn strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students fr their future jbs
D. inspire students’ lve fr plitics
27. Which f the fllwing best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A. Humrus.B. Ambitius.C. Caring.D. Demanding.
【参考答案】
26. A 推理判断题 根据倒数第二段Whaley says the prject is abut mre than just learning t read and speak in public. He wants these kids t learn t bast abut themselves.和最后一段basting abut yurself, and yur best qualities可推知，Whaley老师发起总统竞选活动是为了帮助学生建立自信，看到自己的优点，strength意为“优点”，故答案选A。
27. C 推理判断题 本文主要介绍了Canaan Elementary二年级老师Thmas Whaley发起一项总统竞选演讲活动，帮助孩子们建立自信，看到自己的优点，由此可推知Whaley老师是一个很有爱心、关心学生的老师。
1【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇】
A new reprt fund 46 percent f meals are eaten alne in America. Mre than half（53 percent）have breakfast alne and nearly half（46 percent）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating tgether anymre, 74 percent, accrding t statistics frm the reprt.
28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 abut?
A. Fd variety.B. Eating habits.C. Table manners.D. Restaurant service.
【参考答案】
B 推理判断题 第二段内容中提到，一份新的报告发现，46%的情况下美国人都是独自用餐的。超过半数（53%）的人独自吃早餐，近一半（46%）人独自吃午餐。有74%的人只在晚餐时间才一起吃饭。由此可见，这项报告的统计数据是关于人们的饮食习惯，即许多人喜欢独自用餐。
【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇】
Just tw seats ver, Andrew Mazleny, a lcal videgrapher, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phne in peace r chat up the barkeeper with whm he's n a first-name basis if he wants t have a little interactin（交流）. "I reflect n hw my day's gne and think abut the rest f the week," he said. "It's a chance fr self-reflectin, Yu return t wrk recharged and with a plan."
30. What d we knw abut Mazleny?
A. He makes vides fr the bar.B. He’s fnd f the fd at the bar.
C. He interviews custmers at the bar.D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
【参考答案】
D 事实细节题 第四段中提到，Mazleny喜欢安静地坐着看手机，也会和酒吧老板直呼其名，亲切地聊会天。n a first-name basis意为“关系密切直呼其名”。由此可知，Mazleny与酒吧老板熟识。
【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】
Bacteria are an annying prblem fr astrnauts. The micrrganisms（微生物） frm ur bdies grw uncntrllably n surfaces f the Internatinal Space Statin, s astrnauts spend hurs cleaning them up each week. Hw is NASA vercming this very tiny big prblem? It’s turning t a bunch f high schl kids. But nt just any kids. It depending n NASA HUNCH high schl classrms, like the ne science teachers Gene Grdn and Dnna Himmelberg lead at Fairprt High Schl in Fairprt, New Yrk.
32. What d we knw abut the bacteria in the Internatinal Space Statin?
A. They are hard t get rid f.B. They lead t air pllutin.
C. They appear in different frms.D. They damage the instruments.
【参考答案】
A 推理判断题 根据第一段第二句The micrrganisms frm ur bdies grw uncntrllably n surfaces f the Internatinal Space Statin, s astrnauts spend hurs cleaning them up each week. 可知，国际空间站里宇航员自身携带的微生物会变得无法控制，宇航员们每周要花费数小时清理这些微生物，由此可推断出，国际空间站里的细菌很难清除。
【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解B篇】
Fr Western designers, China and its rich culture have lng been an inspiratin fr Western creative.
"It's n secret that China has always been a surce(来源)f inspiratin fr designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative fficer at A+E Netwrks, a glbal media cmpany and hme t sme f the biggest fashin(时尚)shws.
Earlier this year, the China Thrugh A Lking Glass exhibitin in New Yrk exhibited 140 pieces f China-inspired fashinable clthing alngside Chinese wrks f art, with the aim f explring the influence f Chinese aesthetics(美学)n Western fashin and hw China has fueled the fashinable imaginatin fr centuries. The exhibitin had recrd attendance, shwing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impssible t verlk," says Hill. "Chinese mdels are the faces f beauty and fashin campaigns that sell dreams t wmen all ver the wrld, which means Chinese wmen are nt just cnsumers f fashin — they are central t its mvement. "Of curse, nly are tday's tp Western designers being influenced by China — sme f the best designers f cntemprary fashin are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jasn Wu are taking n Galian, Albaz, Marc Jacbs-and beating them hands dwn in design and sales," adds Hill.
24.What can we learn abut the exhibitin in New Yrk?
A. It prmted the sales f artwrks.B. It attracted a large number f visitrs.
C. It shwed ancient Chinese clthes.D. It aimed t intrduce Chinese mdels.
25.What des Hill say abut Chinese wmen?
A. They are setting the fashin.B. They start many fashin campaigns.
C. They admire super mdels.D. They d business all ver the wrld.
【参考答案】
24. B 推理判断题 根据The exhibitin had recrd attendance, shwing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.可知，这次展览参观人数创造了纪录。故选B项，展览吸引了大量参观者。
25. A 推理判断题 根据第四段第二句 … Chinese wmen are nt just cnsumers f fashin — they are central t its mvement可知，Hill认为中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者，她们也是时尚运动中的核心。故选A项，她们正在开创时尚。
【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解C篇】
Befre the 1830s,mst newspapers were sld thrugh annual subscriptins in America, usually $8 t $10 a year. Tday $8 r $10 seems a small amunt f mney, but at that time these amunts were frbidding t mst citizens. Accrdingly, newspapers were read almst nly by rich peple in plitics r the trades. In additin, mst newspapers had little in them that wuld appeal t a mass audience. They were dull and visually frbidding. But the revlutin that was taking place in the 1830s wuld change all that.
The trend, then, was tward the "penny paper"— a term referring t papers made widely available t the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps mre imprtantly it meant newspapers that culd be bught in single cpies n the street.
This develpment did nt take place vernight. It had been pssible(but nt easy)t buy single cpies f newspapers befre 1830,but this usually meant the reader had t g dwn t the printer's ffice t purchase a cpy. Street sales were almst unknwn. Hwever, within a few years, street sales f newspapers wuld be cmmnplace in eastern cities. At first the price f single cpies was seldm a penny—usually tw r three cents was charged —and sme f the lder well-knwn papers charged five r six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy, and sn there wuld be papers that did indeed sell fr nly a penny.
29.What did street sales mean t newspapers?
A. They wuld be priced higher.B. They wuld disappear frm cities.
C. They culd have mre readers.D. They culd regain public trust.
30.Wh were the newspapers f the new trend targeted at?
A. Lcal pliticians.B. Cmmn peple.
C. Yung publishers.D. Rich businessmen.
【参考答案】
29. C 推理判断题 根据第二段和第三段可知，penny paper的出现，使得普通大众也可以买得起报纸，更重要的是可以在街上买到一份报纸。因为在1830年以前，买一份报纸虽然是可能的，但要专门跑到印刷厂，可见很不方便。因此street sales (街头销售) 的出现方便了更广大的读者，而从within a few years, street sales f newspapers wuld be cmmnplace in eastern cities.进一步印证了street sales的出现使得报纸有了更多的受众。
30. B 推理判断题 根据第一段的at that time these amunts were frbidding t mst citizens. Accrdingly, newspapers were read almst nly by rich peple in plitics r the trades.和第三段street sales f newspapers wuld be cmmnplace in eastern cities以及But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public’s fancy可知，新趋势下，报纸的目标受众是普通大众。
【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解D篇】
After running hundreds f tests, the researchers nted that the mnkeys wuld g fr the higher values mre than half the time, indicating that they were perfrming a calculatin, nt just memrizing the value f each cmbinatin.
When the team examined the results f the experiment mre clsely, they nticed that the mnkeys tended t underestimate（低估）a sum cmpared with a single symbl when the tw were clse in value—smetimes chsing, fr example, a 13 ver the sum f 8 and 6. The underestimatin was systematic: When adding tw numbers, the mnkeys always paid attentin t the larger f the tw, and then added nly a fractin（小部分）f the smaller number t it.
34. What did Livingstne's team find abut the mnkeys?
A. They culd perfrm basic additin.B. They culd understand simple wrds.
C. They culd memrize numbers easily.D. They culd hld their attentin fr lng.
【参考答案】
A 推理判断题 根据第四段the researchers nted that the mnkeys wuld g fr the higher values mre than half the time, indicating that they were perfrming a calculatin, nt just memrizing the value f each cmbinatin可知，研究人员注意到猴子超过一半的时间都会去触摸更高的数值，表明它们在进行计算，而不仅仅是记住每个组合的值，由此可推知，猴子会进行简单的加法计算。
（2022·江苏·苏州市苏州高新区第一中学一模）
Nw, an increasing number f cities are suspending recycling services, partly ut f fear that wrkers might cntact the crnavirus frm ne anther while srting thrugh used water bttles, fd cntainers and bxes. One slutin: Let rbts d the jb.
Since the crnavirus tk hld in the United States last mnth, AMP Rbtics has seen a “significant” increase in rders fr its rbts that use artificial intelligence t srt thrugh recycled material, and weed ut trash. Sme facilities that were lking at getting ne r tw rbts are nw saying, “We need quite a bit mre.” The Clrad cmpany’s chief executive, Matanya Hrwitz said, “It’s all mving quite fast.”
Befre the pandemic, autmatin had been gradually replacing human wrk in a range f jbs, frm call centers t warehuses and grcery stres, as cmpanies lked t cut labr csts and imprve prfit.
But labr and rbtics experts say scial-distancing directives, which are likely t cntinue in sme frm after the crisis becme less strng, culd cause mre industries t accelerate their use f autmatin. And lng-lasting wrries abut jb lsses r a brad unease abut having machines cntrl vital aspects f daily life culd disappear as sciety sees the benefits f restructuring wrkplaces in ways that minimize clse human cntact.
Recycling is ne industry that may be altered permanently by the pandemic. Sme wrkers, wh earn as little as $10 an hur, have been cncerned abut cming t wrk during the crisis and sme cities have been cmpeting t find enugh prtective gear (防护装备) fr all f their emplyees. Federal health fficials have assured them that the risks f transmissin frm husehld refuse is lw. But wrkers in recycling facilities ften wrk side by side srting material, making scial distancing difficult.
At AMP Rbtics, executives like Mr. Hrwitz say their rbts will enable recycling facilities t space ut their emplyees, wh stand at cnveyr belts weeding thrugh the used plastic and paper.
6．Hw d peple feel abut autmatin after the pandemic?
A．Panicked.B．Dubtful.C．Appreciative.D．Uncncerned.
7．In which aspect will rbts help mst in recycling industry?
A．Srting ut recycled material.B．Minimizing clse human cntact.
C．Replacing the jbs f cheap labr.D．Prducing enugh prtective gear.
【参考答案】
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“And lng-lasting wrries abut jb lsses r a brad unease abut having machines cntrl vital aspects f daily life culd disappear as sciety sees the benefits f restructuring wrkplaces in ways that minimize clse human cntact.(随着社会意识到以减少人类密切接触的方式重组工作场所的好处，对失业的长期担忧或对机器控制日常生活重要方面的普遍不安可能会消失)”可推断，疫情过后人们在看待机器人代替人工处理工作这件事的态度发生了改变，即人们对自动化是赞赏的。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But wrkers in recycling facilities ften wrk side by side srting material, making scial distancing difficult.(但回收设施的工作人员经常肩并肩地整理材料，这使得保持社交距离变得困难)”以及最后一段“At AMP Rbtics, executives like Mr. Hrwitz say their rbts will enable recycling facilities t space ut their emplyees, wh stand at cnveyr belts weeding thrugh the used plastic and paper.(在AMP Rbtics公司，霍洛维茨等高管表示，他们的机器人将帮助回收机构将站在传送带上清理用过的塑料和纸张的员工分隔开来)”可知，机器人保证了工人之间的社交距离，极大地降低了感染病毒的风险。由此可推断，回收产业的机器人在减少人与人之间的密切接触方面的帮助最大。故选B。
（2022·河北张家口·一模）
A hungry badger (獾) searching fr fd seems t have uncvered what turned ut t be hundreds f Rman cins in a Spanish cave, accrding t a new study.
Archaelgists (考古学家) first discvered several cins laying n the grund at the entrance t a small cave in the wdlands utside Grad in nrthern Spain in April 2021. The researchers suspect that the cins were unearthed by a badger frm a nearby den (兽窝) after a heavy snw which made it harder fr animals t find fd. The hungry badger prbably gt int the cave lking fr fd but came acrss the cins instead.
After fully explring the cave, researchers cllected 209 cins dating t between the third and fifth centuries A．D．“T date, this is the largest amunt f Rman cins fund in n cave in nrthern Spain,” the researchers wrte in their paper. They described the discvery as an “exceptinal find”.
10．What d the researchers think f the discvery in 2021?
A．It’s dangerus.B．It’s timely.C．It’s meaningless.D．It’s unusual.
【参考答案】
10．推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句“‘T date, this is the largest amunt f Rman cins fund in a cave in nrthern Spain,’ the researchers wrte in their paper. They described the discvery as an ‘exceptinal find’.(研究人员在论文中写道：‘到目前为止，这是在西班牙北部的一个洞穴中发现的数量最大的罗马硬币。’他们把这一发现描述为‘非凡的发现’。)”可知，此处exceptinal意为“不寻常的，罕见的”，与D项unusual(不寻常的，罕见的)语意相同。故选D项。
（2022·山东泰安·一模）
Imagine that ne day yu live in a highly immersive (身临其境) virtual wrld. Yu can g t a virtual cncert, take a trip nline, view r create artwrks and try n r buy digital clthing. Amid a pandemic like COVID-19, instead f seeing teachers and classmates n a vide call screen, yu culd jin them in a virtual classrm. This may help yu understand the cncept, metaverse.
The term metaverse refers t a shared virtual 3D wrld in which peple can access via the Internet. Currently, mst virtual spaces lk mre like the inside f a vide game than real life. Hwever, metaverse’s made the digital spaces mre realistic by the use f virtual reality (VR) r augmented reality (AR, 增强现实).
Metaverse was first used in Neal Stephensn’s nvel Snw Crash in 1992. The nvel is abut Hir, a pizza delivery man by day and a VR superher by night wh lives in an nline universe called The Metaverse. “He is in a cmputer-generated universe that his cmputer is drawing nt his glasses and pulling int his earphnes,” the nvel says f the city that everyne pps int in VR. The idea rings in many ther wrks, fr example, in Ready Player One directed by Steven Spielberg.
In recent years, metaverse has becme the latest ppular wrd t capture the tech industry’s imaginatin s much that ne f the best-knwn Internet platfrms is renamed t embrace the futuristic idea-Facebk CEO Mark Zuckerberg recently annunced that he changed his cmpany’s name t Meta.
Tech cmpanies are als dedicated t explring metaverse-related prducts. Facebk has launched meeting sftware fr cmpanies, called Hrizn Wrkrms, t use with VR headsets. The headsets cst $300 r mre, putting the metaverse’s mst cutting-edge (尖端的) experiences ut f reach fr many. Fr users wh can affrd it, they can enter the virtual wrlds created by different cmpanies. Fans f metaverse see it as the next stage in the develpment f the Internet.
S, d yu expect the cming f metaverse?
17．What can be inferred abut metaverse?
A．It is a vide game like real life.
B．It is a parallel universe imagined by scientists.
C．It gives us a real life in a virtual wrld.
D．It can prtect yurself frm a pandemic.
19．Why did Facebk CEO use Meta as his cmpany’s name?
A．Metaverse has becme mre ppular.B．He lives in a virtual wrld every day.
C．Facebk is the best-knwn Internet platfrm.
D．He has accepted the idea f metaverse.
本文为一篇说明文，介绍了什么是虚拟空间（metaverse）、其产生的由来及运用。
【参考答案】
17．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Amid a pandemic like COVID-19, instead f seeing teachers and classmates n a vide call screen, yu culd jin them in a virtual classrm. This may help yu understand the cncept, metaverse.(在像COVID-19这样的大流行中，你可以在虚拟教室中与他们一起，而不是在视频通话屏幕上看到老师和同学。这可能会帮助你理解“虚拟空间”这个概念)”可推知，虚拟空间能与视频通话一样，同样保护自己免受流行病的侵害。故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“In recent years, metaverse has becme the latest ppular wrd t capture the tech industry’s imaginatin s much that ne f the best-knwn Internet platfrms is renamed t embrace the futuristic idea-Facebk CEO Mark Zuckerberg recently annunced that he changed his cmpany’s name t Meta.(近年来，虚拟空间已经成为吸引科技行业想象力的最新流行词汇，以至于最知名的互联网平台之一被重新命名——Facebk首席执行官马克·扎克伯格最近宣布，他将公司的名字改为Meta——以接受未来主义的想法)”可知，Facebk首席执行官使用Meta作为其公司名字是因为他接受了虚拟空间以接受未来主义的想法。故选D项。
（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模）
I wanted t share the stry f smene in my cmmunity. Alex and I have been pretty gd friends fr years. He was raised in a pretty abusive hme, and grew up with majr depressin and anxiety. He talks abut his stry all the time t help ther teens. Alex has truly changed his life arund t help ther peple and we are all s glad fr that.
He started an rganizatin t help hmeless peple. He has teens frm acrss the wrld mail him stries f hpe r funny pictures that they drew and he ges arund and gives hmeless peple thse things alng with fd r smething. They lve receiving drawings and letters because they feel great knwing that smene tk time t d that fr them.
Alex als wrte a bk t inspire teens. He wants ther teenagers t see what he’s gne thrugh s they feel inspired t make a change in their lives. Alex is an extremely inspiratinal persn and this bk will help teens in similar situatins as Alex was in.
Alex has wn three awards fr everything he did. He wn an inspiratinal peple’s award thrugh a lcal rganizatin; he wn the Yuth Service America’s everyday her award and he wn a Canadian awesme award. He’s changing lives and he really deserves these awards. Alex’s latest accmplishment is the start f the Natinal Yuth Internet Safety and Cyber Bullying Task Frce. I can’t believe hw many families he’s affected. It’s s much wrk just t help peple he desn’t knw but Alex lves it.
I believe that yung stars are nt just singers and actrs. I believe they are als the yuth changing ur wrld. There are nt many teens that chse t change the wrld arund, but Alex is definitely ne f them.
25．What can we learn abut Alex’s childhd?
27．Which f the fllwing best describes Alex?
A．Ambitius and successful.B．Patient and amazing.
C．Encuraging and selfless.D．Outging and generus.
28．In which sectin f a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Yur Vice.B．Campus Life.
C．News Express.D．Magic Wrld.
【参考答案】
27．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“He talks abut his stry all the time t help ther teens.( 他总是谈论他的故事来帮助其他青少年)”、文章第二段“He started an rganizatin t help hmeless peple.( 他成立了一个组织来帮助无家可归的人)”可知，他积极帮助别人，因此是无私的；根据文章第三段“Alex als wrte a bk t inspire teens. He wants ther teenagers t see what he's gne thrugh s they feel inspired t make a change in their lives. Alex is an extremely inspiratinal persn …(亚历克斯还写了一本书来激励青少年。他想让其他青少年看到他的经历，这样他们就会受到鼓舞，改变自己的生活。亚历克斯是一个非常鼓舞人心的人……)”可知，他是一个鼓舞人心的人。故选C。
28．推理判断题。文章讲述了一位自身患有精神疾病但能够改变生活，帮助急需帮助的人，自己也能被他人认可的英雄——Alex的故事。由此可推知，文章主要是讲述的一个励志故事，最有可能来自报纸Yur Vice这个板块。故选A。
（2022·河南·模拟预测）
The ygurt that’ s past its sell-by date. The banana in yur lunch that turned brwn. The leftvers in the fridge that yu frgt t eat. Fr mst peple, all that fd ges right int the garbage can.
Eight t ten percent f glbal greenhuse gas emissins (放) are related t fd waste, accrding t a reprt by the U. N.’s Intergvernmental Panel n Climate Change. “When yu thrw away an egg r a sandwich,” says Yvette Cabrera, fd waste vice directr at the Natural Resurces Defense Cuncil ( N. R. D．C．) ,“yu’ re als thrwing away all the resurces that went int prducing thse things.”
That includes nt nly all the water, land, and fertilizer (化肥) that went int prducing that fd, but als the massive amunts f fssil fuels used t pwer the farms, transprt the fd, and create the packaging.
Then there’s the issue f what happens t fd after it’s thrwn ut. Mre fd ends up in U.S. landfills than any ther type f trash. Fd rtting in landfills prduces methane (甲烷), a greenhuse gas that’s rughly 25 times mre pwerful at trapping heat in the atmsphere than carbn dixide, which is prduced by burning fssil fuels.
31．What des the authr intend t d in Paragraph 4?
A．Prvide a persuasive example.B．Add mre backgrund infrmatin.
C．Discuss a mre serius cnsequence.D．Summarize the previus paragraphs.
【参考答案】
推理判断题。根据第四段首句“Then there’s the issue f what happens t fd after it’s thrwn ut.（然后就是关于这些食物被扔掉，食物会发生什么事情的问题了。）”可知，本段围绕着这件事展开来讲食物被扔掉后所带来的的结果，故选C。