新高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题09 阅读理解之推断题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题09 阅读理解之推断题（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题09阅读理解之推断题原卷版doc、新高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题09阅读理解之推断题解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共165页， 欢迎下载使用。
推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。解答该类型题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。
推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势。推理判断能力是阅读理解能力的重要组成部分，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。每年每套题通常会有 4～6 题。
一、思维导图
推断隐含意义思维导图
二、方法点拨
(一)推理判断题题干常用词
一般来说，推理判断题题干中主要包括下面的词语：knw abut, learn frm, infer, imply, suggest, cnclude, purpse, attitude, prbably, mst likely等。
(二)推理判断题正确选项特征
推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或证据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，正确选项一般具有以下特征：
1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。
2．选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念。如nly, never, all, abslutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如ften, usually, smetimes, sme, may, might, can, culd, pssibly, prbably等。
(三)推理判断题干扰选项特征
1．曲解文意：即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别。推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解。
2．张冠李戴：即把文章中作者的观点与其他人的观点混淆在一起。题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点；题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。
3．偷梁换柱：干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变。
4．无中生有：这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。
5．鱼目混珠：鱼目混珠类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在文章特定语境中的具体含义。
6．扩缩范围：为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定，有时通过加上almst, all, nearly, mre than, nrmally, usually等词语对文意加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。
Part4：推断题解题技巧（思维导图+真题演练）
例子1
We may think we're a culture that gets rid f ur wrn technlgy at the first sight f smething shiny and new, but a new study shws that we keep using ur ld devices (装置) well after they g ut f style. That's bad news fr the envirnment — and ur wallets — as these utdated devices cnsume much mre energy than the newer nes that d the same things.
…
32．What des the authr think f new devices?
A．They are envirnment­friendly.
B．They are n better than the ld.
C．They cst mre t use at hme.
D．They g ut f style quickly.
[解题示范]
例子2
We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank r n an airplane, surrunded by peple wh are, like us, deeply fcused n their smartphnes r, wrse, struggling with the uncmfrtable silence.
…
32．What phenmenn is described in the first paragraph?
A．Addictin t smartphnes.
B．Inapprpriate behaviurs in public places.
C．Absence f cmmunicatin between strangers.
D．Impatience with slw service.
[解题示范]
例子3
[1]Many f us lve July because it's the mnth when nature's berries and stne fruits are in abundance. These clurful and sweet jewels frm British Clumbia's fields are little pwerhuses f nutritinal prtectin.
[2]Of the cmmn berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, althugh, because f their seeds, raspberries cntain a little mre prtein (蛋白质), irn and zinc (nt that fruits have much prtein). Blueberries are particularly high in antixidants (抗氧化物质). The yellw and range stne fruits such as peaches are high in the cartenids we turn int vitamin A and which are antixidants. As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
[3]When cmbined with berries r slices f ther fruits, frzen bananas make an excellent base fr thick, cling fruit shakes and lw fat “ice cream”. Fr this purpse, select ripe bananas fr freezing as they are much sweeter. Remve the skin and place them in plastic bags r cntainers and freeze. If yu like, a squeeze f fresh lemn juice n the bananas will prevent them turning brwn. Frzen bananas will last several weeks, depending n their ripeness and the temperature f the freezer.
[4]If yu have a_juicer,_yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a “sft­serve” creamy dessert, t be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity fr a children's party; they lve feeding the fruit and frzen bananas int the tp f the machine and watching the ice cream cme ut belw.
27．Frm which is the text prbably taken?
A．A bilgy textbk. B．A health magazine.
C．A research paper. D．A travel brchure.
[解题示范]
三、高考真题
2022年6月新高考1卷B篇
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
24. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
【答案】24. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
2022年6月新高考1卷C篇
The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing, It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ”
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpse f the prject?
A. T ensure harmny in care hmes. B. T prvide part-time jbs fr the aged.
C. T raise mney fr medical research. D. T prmte the elderly peple’s welfare.
29. Hw has the prject affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills.B. She has gained a sense f achievement.
C. She has recvered her memry.D. She has develped a strng persnality.
31. What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. It is well received.B. It needs t be mre creative.
C. It is highly prfitable.D. It takes ages t see the results.
【答案】28. D 29. B 31. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段““It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。
2022年6月新高考1卷D篇
years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,“ said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.（研究小组成员Steven Mran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven Mran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
2022年6月全国甲卷 B篇
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
26. What des the fllw-up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?
A. Hw far they are able t see.B. Hw they track mving bjects.
C. Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.D. Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.
【26题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues, r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
2022年6月全国甲卷D篇
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there — brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口号), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving (解决).”
On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
34. What des Shirley Fitzgerald think f Sydney?
A. It is lsing its traditins.B. It shuld speed up its prgress.
C. It shuld expand its ppulatin.D. It is becming mre internatinal.
35. Which statement will the authr prbably agree with?
A. A city can be yung and ld at the same time.
B. A city built n ancient cultures is mre dynamic.
C. Mdernity is usually achieved at the cst f elegance.
D. Cmprmise shuld be made between the lcal and the freign.
【答案】34. A 35. A
【解析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. (悉尼的官方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑)”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A项。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. (另一方面，同时既年轻又古老也有它的魅力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻商人Anthny时，我考虑到了这一点)”以及最后一段“He is right (他说得没错)”可推知，作者赞同Anthny的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A项。
2022年6月全国乙卷B篇
They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning. Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children weeping frm the cld. In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.
In Wickenden’s bk, she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism, which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead. A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms. The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.
Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism (坚忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing. Here is a picture f Drthy Wdruff, n her hrse, lking dwn frm a hill tp: “When the sun slipped behind the muntains, it shed a rsy glw all arund them. Then a full mn rse. The snw was marked nly by small animals: fxes, cytes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
25. What can we learn abut the girls frm paragraph 3?
A. They enjyed much respect.B. They had a rm with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the lcal kids.D. They suffered severe hardships.
27. What is the text?
A. A news reprt.B. A bk review.C. A children’s stry.D. A diary entry.
【答案】 25. D 27. B
【解析】
这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Drthy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.(这本书以Rsamnd和Drthy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。
2022年6月全国乙卷C篇
Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient (高效) acrss the bard.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
28. What makes the applicatin f drnes t rail lines pssible?
A. The use f drnes in checking n pwer lines.B. Drnes’ ability t wrk at high altitudes.
C. The reductin f cst in designing drnes.D. Drnes’ reliable perfrmance in remte areas.
30. What functin is expected f the rail drnes?
A. T prvide early warning.B. T make trains run autmatically.
C T earn prfits fr the crews.D. T accelerate transprtatin.
【答案】28. B 30. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可推知，无人机在高空工作的能力使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.(带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。 凭借他们的预见能力，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应。)”可知对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题。故选A。
2022年6月全国乙卷D篇
Tday’s figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schls. Helping the next generatin t have a healthy and active childhd is f great imprtance, and the industry is playing its part.
35. What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?
A. It is a shrt-sighted decisin.B. It is a success stry.
C. It benefits manufacturers.D. It upsets custmers.
【答案】35. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Tday’s figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities and healthier eating in schls.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。
2022年6月北京卷B篇
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was trubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability t d anything. I felt like a strm clud hung ver me. Fr almst a year I struggled n, cnstantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectinist tendencies were the main rt f this: I wanted t be perfect at whatever I did, which bviusly in life is nt pssible, but it cnsumed me.
One day, I attended a presentatin by wildlife cnservatinist Grant Brwn at my high schl. His presentatin nt nly awed and inspired me, but als helped emerge an inner desire t make a difference in the wrld. I jined a pre-presentatin dinner with him and that smaller setting allwed me t slwly build up my curage t speak ne-n-ne with him—an idea that had seemed cmpletely impssible. This first cntact was where my stry began.
A mnth later, Brwn invited me t attend the Wrld Yuth Wildlife Cnference. Lking back, I nw see that this wuld be the first in a series f timely pprtunities that my ld self wuld have let pass, but that this new and mre cnfident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shrtly after I received his invitatin, applicatins t jin the Yuth fr Nature and the Yuth fr Planet grups were sent arund thrugh my high schl. I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins, and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. Each f these new steps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Practice makes perfect.B. Patience is a cure f anxiety.
C. Actin is wrry’s wrst enemy.D. Everything cmes t thse wh wait.
【答案】27. C
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。
27.【解析】
推理判断题。由第一段“ Early last year, I was trubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability t d anything. I felt like a strm clud hung ver me.”（去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情的能力。）由文章第三段“I decided t cmmit t cmpleting the applicatins, and sn I was a part f a grwing glbal team f yung peple wrking t prtect nature. Each f these new steps cntinued t grw my cnfidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)可知，文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。所以从文章中我们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人。故选C项。
2022年6月北京卷C篇
“What wuld the wrld be if there were n hunger?” It’s a questin that Prfessr Crystal wuld ask her students. They fund it hard t answer, she wrte later, because imagining smething that isn’t part f real life—and learning hw t make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught t artists and engineers, but much less ften t scientists. Crystal set ut t change that, and helped t create a glbal mvement. The result—an apprach knwn as systems thinking—is nw seen as essential in meeting glbal challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial t achieving targets such as zer hunger and better nutritin because it requires cnsidering the way in which fd is prduced, prcessed, delivered and cnsumed, and lking at hw thse things intersect (交叉 ) with human health, the envirnment, ecnmics and sciety. Accrding t systems thinking, changing the fd system—r any ther netwrk—requires three things t happen. First, researchers need t identify all the players in that system; secnd, they must wrk ut hw they relate t each ther; and third, they need t understand and quantify the impact f thse relatinships n each ther and n thse utside the system.
Take nutritin. In the latest UN reprt n glbal fd security, the number f undernurished (营养不良 )peple in the wrld has been rising, despite great advances in nutritin science. Tracking f 150 bichemicals in fd has been imprtant in revealing the relatinships between calries, sugar, fat and the ccurrence f cmmn diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, sme scientists prpse that human diets cnsist f at least 26,000 bichemicals—and that the vast majrity are nt knwn.This shws that we have sme way t travel befre achieving the first bjective f systems thinking - which,in this example, is t identify mre cnstituent parts f the nutritin system.
A systems apprach t creating change is als built n the assumptin that everyne in the system has equal pwer. But as sme researchers find, the fd system is nt an equal ne. A gd way t redress (修正 ) such pwer imbalance is fr mre universities t d what Crystal did and teach students hw t think using a systems apprach.
Mre researchers, plicymakers and representatives frm the fd industry must learn t lk beynd their direct lines f respnsibility and adpt a systems apprach. Crystal knew that visins alne dn’t prduce results, but cncluded that “we’ll never prduce results that we can’t envisin”.
28. The authr uses the questin underlined in Paragraph 1 t ________.
A. illustrate an argumentB. highlight an pinin
C. intrduce the tpicD. predict the ending
30. As fr systems thinking, which wuld the authr agree with?
A. It may be used t justify pwer imbalance.B. It can be applied t tackle challenges.
C. It helps t prve why hunger exists.D. It ges beynd human imaginatin.
【答案】28. C 30. B
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解决全球挑战的重要方法——系统思维。
28.【解析】
推理判断题。由文章第一段““What wuld the wrld be if there were n hunger?” It’s a questin that Prfessr Crystal wuld ask her students. They fund it hard t answer, she wrte later, because imagining smething that isn’t part f real life—and learning hw t make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught t artists and engineers, but much less ften t scientists. Crystal set ut t change that, and helped t create a glbal mvement. The result—an apprach knwn as systems thinking—is nw seen as essential in meeting glbal challenges. (“如果没有饥饿，世界会是什么样子？”这是 Crystal教授会问学生的问题。她后来写道，他们发现很难回答这个问题，因为想象一些不属于现实生活的东西，并学习如何将其变成现实是一项罕见的技能。它被教授给艺术家和工程师，但很少教授给科学家。Crystal着手改变这种状况，并帮助创建了一个全球运动。结果，一种被称为系统思维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的关键。)”可知，文章开头提出问题是为了引出话题-系统思维的方法被视为应对全球挑战的关键。故选C项。
30.【解析】
推理判断题。由文章第一段“Crystal set ut t change that, and helped t create a glbal mvement. The result—an apprach knwn as systems thinking—is nw seen as essential in meeting glbal challenges.(Crystal着手改变这种状况，并帮助创建了一个全球运动。结果，一种被称为系统思维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的关键。)”可知，作者认为该系统能应用于解决挑战。故选B项。
2022年6月北京卷D篇
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
31. Regarding Jhnsn’s cncerns, the authr feels ________.
A. sympatheticB. uncncernedC. dubtfulD. excited
【答案】31A
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
31.【解析】
推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. （随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. uncncerned不关心的；C. dubtful怀疑的；D. excited激动的。故选A。
2022年6月浙江卷 A篇
Pasta and pizza were n everyne’s lunch menu in my native land f Italy. Everyne wh had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spke Italian. A few years later, as I std in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a schl in Brklyn, I realized things were n lnger that simple. My classmates ranged frm thse kids with pale skin and large blue eyes t thse with rich brwn skin and dark hair. The fd chices were almst as diverse as the students. In frnt f me was an array f fds I culdn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I wuld pick ut smething awful, I desperately tried t ask the by ahead f me fr a recmmendatin. Unfrtunately, between us std the barrier f language.
Althugh my kindergarten experience feels like a century ag, the lessns I learned will stick in my mind frever. Fr the past three summers, I have wrked in a gvernment agency in New Yrk. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flded ur ffice seeking help. I ften had t be an interpreter fr the Italian-speaking nes. As I served the rle f vital cmmunicatin link, I was reminded f my desperate struggle t cnverse befre I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried t hld a cnversatin in Italian with peple wh did nt speak the language. It suddenly became very clear t me hw lucky I was t be fluent in tw languages.
In New Yrk, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance t wrk with a diverse ppulatin. In my English t Italian translatins, I’ve learned abut scial prgrams that I didn’t knw existed. This wrk expanded my mind in ways that are impssible inside the fur walls f a classrm. Walking thrugh the streets f Brklyn tday, I am n lnger cnfused by this city’s sunds and smells. Instead, enjy its diversity.
2. Wh des “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A An Italian teacher.B. A gvernment fficial.
C. The authr herself.D. The authr’s classmate.
3. Hw did the summer jb benefit the authr?
A. It strengthened her lve fr schl.B. It helped sharpen her sense f directin.
C. It pened her eyes t the real wrld.D. It made her childhd dream cme true.
【答案】 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过三个夏天的工作，开阔了视野，接受真实世界的多样性，不再是幼儿园里那个害怕的小女孩了。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第二三句“Fr the past three summers, I have wrked in a gvernment agency in New Yrk. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flded ur ffice seeking help. (过去的三个夏天，我一直在纽约的一家政府机构工作。新移民涌入我们的办公室寻求帮助，就像排队吃午餐的小女孩一样)”以及第一段第三句“A few years later, as I std in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a schl in Brklyn, I realized things were n lnger that simple. (几年后，当我站在布鲁克林一所幼儿园的午餐队伍里时，我意识到事情不再那么简单了)”可知，当年的小女孩长大了，在纽约的一家政府机构工作，工作环境让她想到当年自己在幼儿园的午餐队伍排队的情境。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第三四五句“This wrk expanded my mind in ways that are impssible inside the fur walls f a classrm. Walking thrugh the streets f Brklyn tday, I am n lnger cnfused by this city’s sunds and smells. Instead, enjy its diversity. (这项工作拓展了我的思维，这是在四面墙的教室里不可能做到的。今天走在布鲁克林的街道上，我不再对这座城市的声音和气味感到困惑。 相反，我会享受它的多样性)”可知，作者三个夏天的工作拓展了思维，开始接受真实世界的多样性。故选C。
2022年6月浙江卷 B篇
All arund the wrld, there are small changes taking place. At the side f rads, behind schl playgrunds and n all kinds f unlved pieces f land acrss twns and cities, tiny frests barely the size f tennis curts are appearing, making a great place fr bth wildlife and lcal peple wh may nt nrmally have easy access t nature. This is the Tiny Frest mvement, which aims t prve that the best things in life really d cme in small packages.
Tiny frests were first pineered as a cncept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese btanist. As he went n t share his cncept with thers, the idea sn tk ff in India and ther cuntries befre eventually reaching Eurpe, where it became ppular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
S hw des it wrk? Luise Hartley, wh is leading the Tiny Frest prject in the UK, explains that the prcess begins by identifying areas in which a tiny frest culd have the biggest influence. “We fcus n urban areas where access t nature is ften nt that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance t try t break the grwing discnnect between peple and nature.”
In a Tiny Frest, there must be a minimum f 600 trees, and the trees are planted much clser tgether and withut chemicals r fertilisers (肥料). There are usually arund 30 different kinds f all-native tree species (物种). This variety, cupled with the fact that tiny frests grw up t ten times faster than standard frests, means they attract a rich abundance f wildlife. It’s als thught that these places culd help reduce the risk f flding, remve carbn frm the atmsphere and fight climate change, as well as imprving the mental health f thse living lcally.
4. What d we knw abut the Tiny Frest mvement?
A. It has achieved ntable success.B. It is led by number f schls.
C. It began in Eurpe in the 1970s.D. It will spread t the cuntryside.
5. What is the purpse f the prject led by Hartley in the UK?
A. T prmte ec-turism.B. T imprve frestry research.
C. T ppularise gardening.D. T get peple clse t nature.
【答案】4. A 5. D
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是世界各地的“小森林”的兴起。
【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“As he went n t share his cncept with thers, the idea sn tk ff in India and ther cuntries befre eventually reaching Eurpe, where it became ppular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.(随着他继续与他人分享他的概念，这个想法很快在印度和其他国家流行起来，最终传到了欧洲，在法国、比利时和荷兰等地流行起来。)”可知，“小森林”运动取得了显著的成功。故选A。
【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的““We fcus n urban areas where access t nature is ften nt that easy”, says Hartley. “We see it as a chance t try t break the grwing discnnect between peple and nature.”(哈特利说:“我们关注的是城市地区，在那里接触自然往往不那么容易。我们认为这是一个尝试打破人与自然之间日益疏远的机会。”)”可知，Hartley在英国领导的这个项目的目的是让人们接近自然，故选D。
2022年6月浙江卷 C篇
Many peple believe that wrking t the maximum is the secret t success, but research has fund that mderatin(适度) als gets results n the jb.
In a study led by Ellen Langer f Harvard University, researchers asked peple t translate sentences int a new a made-up language. Subjects wh practiced the language mderately befrehand made fewer errrs than thse wh practiced extensively r nt at all. High levels f knwledge can make peple t attached t traditinal ways f viewing prblems acrss fields the arts, sciences, and plitics. High cnscientiusness is related t lwer jb perfrmance, especially in simple jbs where it desn’t pay t be a perfectinist.
Hw lng we stay n the clck and hw we spend that time are under careful examinatin in many wrkplaces. The yung banker wh eats lunch at his desk is prbably seen as a g-getter, while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice. “Peple frm cultures that value relatinships mre than urs des are shcked by the thught f eating alne in frnt f a cmputer”, says Art Markman, a prfessr f psychlgy at the University f Texas, Austin. Scial interactin has been shwn t lift md(情绪) and get peple thinking in new directins and in ways that culd help imprve any pst-lunch effrt.
Markman als prmtes ff-task time. “Part f being a gd thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated t what yu are wrking n at the mment but give yu fresh ideas abut yur wrk,” he says. “Als, there is a lt f research shwing that a psitive md leads t higher levels f prductivity and creativity. S, when peple d things t increase their life satisfactin, they als make themselves mre effective at wrk.”
7. What des Ellen Langer’s study shw?
A. It is wrthwhile t be a perfectinistB. Translatin makes peple knwledgeable.
C. Simpler jbs require greater cautin.D. Mderate effrt prduces the best result.
9. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. A gd thinker is able t inspire ther peple.B. Experience unrelated t yur jb is useless.
C. A cheerful md helps make a creative mind.D. Fcusing n what yu d raises prductivity.
10. What des the text seem t advcate?
A. Middle-f-the-rad wrk habits.B. Balance between wrk and family.
C. Lng-standing cultural traditins.D. Harmny in the wrk envirnment.
【答案】7. D 9. C 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。
【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Many peple believe that wrking t the maximum is the secret t success, but research has fund that mderatin(适度) als gets results n the jb.(许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。)”和第二段中“In a study led by Ellen Langer f Harvard University, researchers asked peple t translate sentences int a new a made-up language. Subjects wh practiced the language mderately befrehand made fewer errrs than thse wh practiced extensively r nt at all.(在哈佛大学Ellen Langer领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构的语言。那些事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要少。)”可知，第一段提出主题，即适度的工作也会带来成果，接着第二段作者用Ellen Langer的研究来证明这一点，由此可推知，Ellen Langer的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果。故选D。
【9题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Als, there is a lt f research shwing that a psitive md leads t higher levels f prductivity and creativity.(此外，许多研究表明，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力。 )”可知，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于创造性思维。故选C。
【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“but research has fund that mderatin(适度) als gets results n the jb.(但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果)”和第二段中“High cnscientiusness is related t lwer jb perfrmance, especially in simple jbs where it desn’t pay t be a perfectinist.(高尽责性与低工作表现有关，尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果，所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯。故选A。
2022年1月浙江卷 B篇
Mst imprtantly,Edisn realized that success depended n mass electrificatin,which he shwed in New Yrk City.With help frm Tesla,Westinghuse's firm develped a system using alternating current（交流电）,which sn became the majr frm f pwer delivery.
T frame his stry,Klein creates the character f Ned,a fictinal witness t the prgress brught abut by the steam and electric revlutins in America during ne man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a lng narrative int an interesting ne.
25.What can be inferred abut Ned?
A.He was brn in New Yrk City. B.He wrte many interesting stries,
C.He created an electricity cmpany. D.He lived mainly in the 19th century.
【答案】 25.D
第25题 推理判断题。根据最后一段Klein creates the character f Ned-a fictinal witness the prgress...可知Ned是虚构的人物，作者创造这个角色用以见证电气工业革命的发展，故选项ABC 错误，又根据第三、四段的第一句可判断见证工业革命是在19 世纪，故选D。
2021年6月北京卷 B篇
I remember the day during ur first week f class when we were infrmed abut ur semester（学期）prject f vlunteering at a nn-prfit rganizatin. When the teacher intrduced us t the different rganizatins that needed ur help, my last chice was Operatin Iraqi Children (OIC). My first impressin f the rganizatin was that it was nt ging t make enugh f a difference with the plans I had in mind.
Then, an OIC representative gave us sme details, which smewhat interested me. After ding sme research, I believed that we culd really d smething fr thse kids. When I went nline t the OIC website, I saw pictures f the Iraqi children. Their faces were s pwerful in sending a message f their despair（绝望）and need that I jined this prject withut hesitatin. We decided t cllect as many schl supplies as pssible, and make them int kits—ne kit, ne child.
The mst rewarding day fr ur grup was prject day, when all the effrts we put int cllecting the items finally came tgether. When I saw the varius supplies we had cllected, it hit me that every kit we were t build that day wuld eventually be in the hands f an Iraqi child. Over the past fur mnths, I had never imagined hw I wuld feel nce ur prject was cmpleted. While making the kits, I realized that I had lst sight f the true meaning behind it. I had nly fcused n the fact that it was anther schl prject and ne I wanted t get a gd grade n. When the kits were cmpleted, and ready t be sent verseas, the warm feeling I had was ne I wuld never frget.
In the beginning, I dared myself t make a difference in the life f anther persn. Nw that ur prject is ver, I realize that I have affected nt nly ne life, but ten. With ur effrts, ten yung bys and girls will nw be able t further their educatin.
2.What mainly helped the authr change his/her attitude tward the prject?
A.Images f Iraqi children. B.Research by his/her classmates.
C.A teacher's intrductin. D.A representative's cmments.
4.What can we cnclude frm this passage?
A.One's ptential cannt always be underrated.
B.First impressin cannt always be trusted.
C.Actins speak luder than wrds.
D.He wh hesitates is lst.
【答案】2.A 4.B
【解析】本文是一篇故事类记叙文，主要讲的是作者加入了一个帮助伊拉克儿童的组织(OIC)，开始感到不会达到他/她的期望，后来看到伊拉克儿童的照片，作者毫不犹豫地加入这个项目，并且为这些孩子收集尽可能多的学习用品，帮助他们继续接受教育。
2推理判断题。结合第二段中的When I went nline t the OIC website, I saw pictures f the Iraqi children. Their faces were s pwerful in sending a message f their despair（绝望）and need that I jined this prject withut hesitatin. We decided t cllect as many schl supplies as pssible, and make them int kits—ne kit, ne child.（当我上网访问伊斯兰会议组织的网站时，我看到了伊拉克儿童的照片。他们的脸是如此有力地传达了他们的绝望和需要，所以我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目。我们决定收集尽可能多的学习用品，把它们做成套件，—个套件，一个孩子。）可推出伊拉克儿童的形象主要帮助作者改变了对这个项目的态度，结合选项，故选A。
4推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是作者加入了一个帮助伊拉克儿童的组织 (OIC)，开始感到不会达到他/她的期望，后来看到伊拉克儿童的照片，作者毫不犹豫地加入这个项目，并且为这些孩子收集尽可能多的学习用品，帮助他们继续接受教育，由此可推断第一印象不能总是可信的。结合选项，故选B。
2021年6月北京卷 C篇
Only if we discuss the cnsequences f ur biphysical limits, the December warning letter says, can we have the hpe t reduce their "speed, severity and harm". And yet messengers f the cming disturbance are likely t be ignred. We all want t hpe things will turn ut fine. As a pet wrte,
Man is a victim f dpe（麻醉品）
In the incurable frm f hpe.
The hundreds f schlars wh signed the letter are intent（执着）n quieting hpe that ignres preparedness. "Let's lk directly int the issue f cllapse, " they say, "and deal with the terrible pssibilities f what we see there t make the best f a trubling future."
3.What can we learn frm this passage?
A.The signatries may change the biphysical limits.
B.The authr agrees with the message f the pem.
C.The issue f cllapse is being priritized.
D.The glbal cllapse is well underway.
【答案】 3B
【解析】：本文介绍了在这个世界上技术最先进的国家仍然无法控制的流行病和经济危机的时刻，呼吁公众参与不可思议的事情显得尤为密切相关。作者同时也表达了对全球崩溃的认识的担忧。
3推理判断题。根据原文第五段 "Only if we discuss the cnsequences f ur biphysical limits, the December warning letter says, can we have the hpe t reduce their "speed, severity and harm". "12月的警告信说，只有我们讨论生物物理极限的后果，我们才有希望降低它们的速度、严重程度和危害。作者在本段表达了对于December warning letter内容的赞同，又通过"As a pet wrte", 举例诗歌内容来印证 "We all want t hpe things will turn ut fine." 这个观点。故选B。
2021年6月北京卷 D篇
Early fifth-century philspher St. Augustine famusly wrte that he knew what time was unless smene asked him. Albert Einstein added anther wrinkle when he therized that time varies depending n where yu measure it. Tday's state-f-the-art atmic（原子的）clcks have prven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends n the questin yu're asking.
Frget abut time as an abslute. What if, instead f cnsidering time in terms f astrnmy, we related time t eclgy? What if we allwed envirnmental cnditins t set the temp（节奏）f human life? We're increasingly aware f the fact that we can't cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne, and realizing that we need t mderate（调节）ur actins if we hpe t live in balance. What if ur definitin f time reflected that?
Recently, I cnceptualized a new apprach t timekeeping that's cnnected t circumstances n ur planet, cnditins that might change as a result f glbal warming. We're nw building a clck at the Anchrage Museum that reflects the ttal flw f several majr Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive t lcal and glbal envirnmental changes. We've prgrammed it t match an atmic clck if the waterways cntinue t flw at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future n average, the clck will get ahead f standard time. If they run slwer, yu'll see the ppsite effect.
The clck registers bth shrt-term irregularities and lng-term trends in river dynamics. It's a srt f bservatry that reveals hw the rivers are behaving frm their wn tempral frame（时间框架）, and allws us t witness thse changes n ur smartwatches r phnes. Anyne wh pts t g n Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmny with the planet. Anyne wh cnsiders river time in relatin t atmic time will encunter a majr imbalance and may be mtivated t cunteract it by cnsuming less fuel r supprting greener plicies.
Even if this methd f timekeeping is nvel in its particulars, early agricultural scieties als cnnected time t natural phenmena. In pre-Classical Greece, fr instance, peple "crrected" fficial calendars by shifting dates frward r backward t reflect the change f seasn. Tempral cnnectin t the envirnment was vital t their survival. Likewise, river time and ther timekeeping systems we're develping may encurage envirnmental awareness.
When St. Augustine admitted his inability t define time, he highlighted ne f time's mst nticeable qualities: Time becmes meaningful nly in a defined cntext. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praisewrthy as its purpse.
3.What can we learn frm this passage?
A.Thse wh d nt g n river time will live an imbalanced life.
B.New ways f measuring time can help t cntrl Earth systems.
C.Atmic time will get ahead f river time if the rivers run slwer.
D.Mdern technlgy may help t shape the rivers' tempral frame.
4.What can we infer frm this passage?
A.It is crucial t imprve the definitin f time.
B.A fixed frame will make time meaningless.
C.We shuld live in harmny with nature.
D.Histry is a mirrr reflecting reality.
【答案 3C 4C
【解析】3推理判断题。根据原文第三段 "If the rivers run faster in the future n average, the clck will get ahead f standard time. If they run slwer, yu'll see the ppsite effect." 如果河流在未来平均运行得更快，则时钟将超过标准时间。如果河流运行得较慢，则会看到相反的效果。可知我们能从这篇文章得知如果河流流速变慢，原子时将超过河流时间。故选C。
4推理判断题。根据原文倒数第二段 "Tempral cnnectin t the envirnment was vital t their survival. Likewise, river time and ther timekeeping systems we're develping may encurage envirnmental awareness." 与环境的时间联系对他们的生存至关重要。同样，我们正在开发的河流时间和其他计时系统可能会鼓励环保意识。可知从这篇文章中我们能推断出我们应该与自然和谐相处。故选C。
2021年6月天津卷B 篇
Since that first mrning in 1978, I have been fllwing the habit t this day, nt making r accepting many excuses fr nt writing. I wrte my pems in this manner fr nearly ten years befre my first bk was published. When I decided t write a nvel, I divided my tw hurs: the first fr petry, the secnd fr fictin. Well r badly, I wrte at least tw pages a day. This is hw my nvel, The Line f the Sun. was finished. If I had waited t have the time, I wuld still be waiting t write my nvel.
What I gt ut f getting up in the dark t wrk is the feeling that I am in cntrl. Fr many peple, the initial sense f urgency t create easily dies away because it requires making the tugh decisin: taking the time t create, stealing it frm yurself if ifs the nly way.
44．Hw did the authr manage t finish her nvel?
A．By sticking t writing every mrning.
B.By writing when her mind was mst active.
C.By drawing inspiratins frm classic nvels.
D.By reducing her teaching hurs at schl.
45．What can we learn frm the authr's success in her writing career?
A．It is never t late t change yur jb.
B.Imaginative ideas die away if nt taken in time.
C.A tight schedule is n excuse fr lack f actin.
D.Daily life prvides ideas fr creative writing.
【答案】41．B 42．A 43．C 44．A 45．C
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者喜爱写作并制定计划一直坚持下来。
44．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Since that first mrning in 1978, I have been fllwing the habit t this day, nt making r accepting many excuses fr nt writing.”从1978年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个习惯，直到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，作者能够写小说的原因是坚持每天早上写作。故选A项。
45．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What I gt ut f getting up in the dark t wrk is the feeling that I am in cntrl.”我从摸黑起床工作中得到的是一种掌控一切的感觉。以及文章第四段“Since that first mrning in 1978, I have been fllwing the habit t this day, nt making r accepting many excuses fr nt writing.”从1978年的第一个早晨开始，我一直遵循这个习惯，直到今天，不为不写作找任何借口。可知，紧凑的日程并不是不采取行动的借口。故选C项。
2021年6月天津卷C 篇
Shiwali Mhan, an Al scientist at the Pal Research Center, is skeptical f these digital beings. "They're humanlike in their lks and the way they sund, but that in itself is nt being human," she says. "Human qualities als invlve hw yu think, hw yu apprach prblems, and hw yu break them dwn; and that takes a lt f algrithmic (算 法)design. Designing fr human-level intelligence is a different attempt than designing images that behave like humans." She then cntinues, “If smething lks like a human, we have high expectatins f them, but they might behave differently in ways that humans just instinctively (直觉地)knw hw ther humans react.
Yet the demand is there, with UneeQ seeing high adptin f its digital emplyees acrss the financial, health care, and cmmercial sectrs （行业）. "Unless these sectrs make their business mdels much mre efficient digitally, they might be left behind," says Chetan Dube, UneeQ9s CEO.
Sme ther cmpanies are taking their digital beings a step further, enabling rganizatins and individuals t create digital humans themselves using free-access platfrms they prvide. "The biggest mtivatin fr such platfrms is t ppularize Al," Dube says.
Mhan is cautius abut this apprach, yet she supprts the purpse behind these digital beings and is ptimistic abut where they are headed. "As we develp mre advanced Al technlgy, we wuld then have t use new ways f cmmunicating with that technlgy,she says. "'Hpefully, all f that is designed t supprt humans in their gals."
48．In Mhan's pinin, what human quality is lacking in digital beings?
A．Calculating brain. B.Language skills.
C.Instinctive judgments. D.Prblem-slving ability.
50．What des Mhan think f the future f digital beings?
A．It's well planned. B.It is prmising. C.It is uncertain. D.It's quite hpeless.
【答案】 48．C 50．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍许多科技公司正在推进、研发“数字人类”，并被很多部门使用。但一些科学家对此表示怀疑，并指出了“数字人类”并不是真正的人类，有很多缺陷。但前景还是很有希望的。48．推理判断题。根据第四段“"They're humanlike in their lks and the way they sund, but that in itself is nt being human," she says. "Human qualities als invlve hw yu think, hw yu apprach prblems, and hw yu break them dwn; and that takes a lt f algrithmic (算 法)design, but they might behave differently in ways that humans just instinctively (直觉地)knw hw ther humans react.”（“他们的外表和声音都像人类，但这本身不是人类，”她说。“人类的品质还包括你如何思考、如何处理问题以及如何分解问题；这需要大量的算法设计。但他们的行为方式可能不同，人类只是本能地知道其他人的反应。”）由此判断出，在Mhan看来，数字人缺少本能的判断。故选C项。
50．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mhan is cautius abut this apprach, yet she supprts the purpse behind these digital beings and is ptimistic abut where they are headed.”（ Mhan对这种方法持谨慎态度，但她支持这些数字生物背后的目的，并对他们的未来持乐观态度）由此判断出，Mhan数字人的未来是有希望的。故选B项。
2021年6月新高考I卷（B篇）
By day, Rbert Tittertn is a lawyer. In his spare time thugh he ges n stage beside pianist Maria Rasppva—nt as a musician but as her page turner. "I'm nt a trained musician, but I've learnt t read music s I can help Maria in her perfrmance."
Mr Tittertn is chairman f the Omega Ensemble but has been the grup's fficial page turner fr the past fur years. His jb is t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre s the musician desn't have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves. He said he became just as nervus as thse playing instruments n stage.
"A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn't turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt, " Mr Tittertn explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty f practice. Sme pieces f music can g fr 40 minutes and require up t 50 page turns, including back turns fr repeat passages. Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f "ndding" t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.
But like all perfrmances, there are mments when things g wrng. "I was turning the page t get ready fr the next page, but the draft wind frm the turn caused the spare pages t fall ff the stand, " Mr Tittertn said. "Luckily I was able t catch them and put them back."
2.Which f the fllwing best describes Tittertn's jb n stage?
A.Bring. B.Well-paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerus.
【答案】 2C
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了律师Rbert Tittertn在空闲时间担任乐谱翻页者，配合钢琴家演出的故事。
2推理判断题。根据题干选项定位到第五段。分析语境可知，他在工作中有时还要处理突发事件，例如会有翻开一页乐谱的风导致其他的乐谱掉落的情况。因此，可以形容这份工作是让人费神费力的。故选C。
2021年6月新高考I卷（C篇）
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry（迁徙的）waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. "Ding" Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
3.What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A.The stamp price has gne dwn.
B.The migratry birds have flwn away.
C.The hunters have stpped hunting.
D.The gvernment has cllected mney.
【答案】3.D
【文章大意】本文为说明文，讲述了美国为了保护“水禽”颁布了一项政策，狩猎者需要购买相关水禽类邮票，然后政府把售卖所得款拨给候鸟保护基金组织。
3推理判断题。根据题干信息in 1934定位到第二、三段。分析可知，第二段是在说明在颁布了这个法令之后，16岁或者超过16岁以上的水禽捕猎者必须每年购买并携带联邦鸭票，而第三段则提及了大约98%的鸭子邮票的钱都是直接被用于购买保护湿地。 因此D选项, 政府可以筹集钱，符合题意。故选D。
2021年6月新高考I卷（D篇）
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal （情感的） intelligence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and "peple skills." Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis （重视）n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives （视角） frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
2. Why des the authr mentin "dctr" and "cheater" in paragraph 2?
A.T explain a rule.
B.T clarify a cncept.
C.T present a fact.
D.T make a predictin.
3.What is the authr's attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A.Favrable. B.Intlerant. C.Dubtful. D.Unclear.
【答案】2B 3A
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了什么是情商，以及情商普及的优势，同时作者提出了对情商研究是未来期望。
2推理判断题。根据题干信息的paragraph 2，定位到第二段We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as…；分析可知，我们更喜欢把情商称作是一套特定的技能，它既可以用于好的目的，也可以用于坏的目的。而后作者便分别列举了dctr和cheater用于解释说明 "好目的" 和 "坏目的" 。由此我们可以推测，作者提及dctr和cheater是为了阐明前句所提到的关于情商的概念。故选B。
3推理判断题。根据题干信息ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence定位到第三段：Althugh ppular beliefs regarding… the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. 分析可知，虽然大众对于情商的普遍认知远远超过了目前研究可以支持的观点，但是宣传的总体效果（对于情商的发展研究） 是利大于弊的。而后作者便进一步列举了好处体现在哪些方面（the mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin…）。可知，作者对此态度是正向的、支持的。故选A。
2021年6月新高考二卷B篇
Things quickly gt very intense due t the huge amunt f energy required t lk after them. There were sme tugh times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there t help. We had t have a bit f a prductin line ging, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bttles, and cleaning the flrs.
6. What did the authr think f raising the tiger cubs at hme?
A. Bring. B. Tiring. C. Cstly. D. Risky.
【答案】 6. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。介绍了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Things quickly gt very intense due t the huge amunt f energy required t lk after them. There were sme tugh times and I just felt extremely tired.(由于需要大量的精力来照顾它们，事情很快变得非常紧张。有一段艰难的日子，我只是觉得非常累)”可推知，作者认为在家里养小老虎累人。故选B。
2021年6月新高考二卷C篇
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl, her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls."
9. What des Craig-Martin think f the teaching f the arts in UK schls?
A. It is particularly difficult.B. It increases artists' incme.
C. It pens children's mind.D. It deserves greater attentin.
【答案 9. A
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.（许多学校很难让任何类型的艺术家——无论是当地崭露头角的音乐家还是主要的电影明星——进入学校，与孩子们一起工作并激励他们，因此才有了这个项目。）”可知，Craig-Martin认为，英国学校的艺术教学尤其困难。故选A。
2021年6月全国甲卷（B篇）
Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding（繁育） prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf （犀牛幼崽）. When the tiny creature arrived n January 31. she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity（圈养）.
Paul Beer, head f rhin sectin at Prt Lympne, said: "Obviusly we're all abslutely delighted t welcme anther calf t ur black rhin family. She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. Her mther, Sli, is a first-time mum and she is ding a fantastic jb. It's still a little t cld fr them t g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt that the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day."
The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild. The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there.
Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, the glbal black rhin ppulatin has drpped as lw as 5500, giving the rhins a "critically endangered" status.
3.What similar experience d Sli and Kisima have?
A.They had their first brn in January. B.They enjyed explring new places.
C.They lived with their grandmthers. D.They were brught t the reserve yung.
4.What can be inferred abut Prt Lympne Reserve?
A.The rhin sectin will be pen t the public.
B.It aims t cntrl the number f the animals.
C.It will cntinue t wrk with the Wrld Wildlife Fund.
D.Sme f its rhins may be sent t the prtected wild areas.
【答案】 3A 4D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述肯特野生动物园庆祝一只可爱的稀有动物黑犀牛幼崽的到来。
3推理判断题。根据题干关键词 "similar experience ，Sli and Kisima" 定位在原文第二段 "Her mther, Sli, is a first-time mum and she is ding a fantastic jb. 她的母亲，索里奥，是第一次当妈妈，她做得很好。" 和第三段 "The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. 1月5日，在林普恩港出生的第一头犀牛来到了它的第一位母亲基西马身边，体重约32公斤。" 可知Sli 和Kisima相似点都是第一次当妈妈。故选A项。
4推理判断题。根据题干关键词 "PrtLympne Reserve" 定位在原文第一段 "Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding （繁育） prgramme" 和第三段 "His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there. 他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里。" 可知林普恩港保护区是负责一项繁殖计划的项目，它的一些犀牛一直住在保护区，所以一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
2021年6月全国甲卷（C篇）
When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing. I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（橫杆）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: "Safe! Safe! Safe!" And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I'd given it up.
When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I've traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear; turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭） amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded（滑） up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances."I was a lcal here 20 years ag, " I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head."Safe, man. Safe.”
"Yeah, " I said.“Safe."
1.What can we learn abut the authr sn after he mved t Lndn?
A.He felt disappinted. B.He gave up his hbby.
C.He liked the weather there. D.He had disagreements with his family.
4.What message des the authr seem t cnvey in the text?
A.Children shuld learn a secnd language. B.Sprt is necessary fr children's health.
C.Children need a sense f belnging. D.Seeing the wrld is must fr children.
【答案】1.A 4C
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，作者会议小时候在英国南岸这个伦敦滑板手们段圣地以及和他们一块度过的美好时光。
1.推理判断题。根据题干关键词 "after he mved t Lndn" 定位在原文第一段“Withut my belved beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. 没有我心爱的海滩和无尽的蓝天，我感到不知所措和格格不入。所以，作者是失望的。故选A项。
4写作意图题。根据题干关键词 "seem t cnvey" 定位可以判断题目是总结作者写作意图。根据选项关键词，A，a secnd language B，Sprt children's health C，Children ，sense f belnging（归属感） D，Seeing the wrld可以得知本文是怀念童年时光，所以C项最合适。故选C项。
2021年6月全国甲卷（D篇）
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender（性别）are "really, really smart." Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are "really, really smart." Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs（因素） like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance（毅力）, and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld."
1.What des the authr think f victrs' standards fr jining the genius club?
A.They're unfair. B.They're cnservative.
C.They're bjective. D.They're strict.
2.What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A.They think themselves smart.
B.They lk up t great thinkers.
C.They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D.They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs.
【主旨概要】：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了天才的实质，批评了天才种族轮和性别轮，并指出其危害。
1.推理判断题。根据题干 "victrs' standards fr jining the genius club" 定位到第二段It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers. 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而这些胜利者为天才俱乐部设定了准入标准。当俱乐部外的天才——女性、不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们得不到认可，也会被其他人拒绝），据此可以推断出作者认为胜利者的标准是不公平的，所以选A项。
2推理判断题。根据题干girls frm the study in Science定位到第三段A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender（性别）are "really, really smart." Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are "really, really smart." 《科学》杂志最近发表的一项研究发现，在6岁时，女孩比男孩更不可能说出自己性别的成员，更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们的行为都是基于这样的信念：在六岁左右，她们开始避免从事那些所谓 "非常聪明" 的孩子们的活动）。据此可推知女孩有可能被社会错误信念所影响，故选D项。
2021 全国乙卷 B篇
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne (using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it).
Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
4.What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
A.It remains a family necessity. B.It will fall ut f use sme day.
C.It may increase daily expenses. D.It is as imprtant as the gas light.
【答案】4B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。当今世界上几乎所有人都有手机，但一半以上澳大利亚家庭仍然拥有座机，本文说明了出现这一现象的原因。
【解析】4推理判断题。根据题干信息last paragraph，定位到原文最后一段Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries? 。分析可知，煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶服务都离我们现在的生活比较久远，它们基本已经消失了。作者发出疑问：多久以后座机会走上煤气路灯、早晨送牛奶服务的老路呢？因此可以推测，座机有一天也会消失。选项B中的fall ut f use意为开始不用、渐渐废弃，符合文意。故选B。
2021 全国乙卷 C篇
Yu've heard that plastic is plluting the cean—between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called "Strawpcalypse, " a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168, 000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce（来源）f plastic pllutin, but they've recently cme under fire because mst peple dn't need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that's part f Vn Wng's artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
2.Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A.T shw the difficulty f their recycling. B.T explain why they are useful.
C.T vice his views n mdern art. D.T find a substitute fr them.
3.What effect wuld "Trucklad f Plastic" have n viewers?
A.Calming. B.Disturbing.
C.Refreshing. D.Challenging.
【答案】2A 3B
【文章大意】本文为说明文。讲述了艺术家Benjamin Vn Wng用回收到的废旧吸管创作艺术作品“吸管末日”，目的是提醒人们警惕所生产、消费的塑料垃圾，以及提高人们对改善环境问题的参与意识。
【解析】
2推理判断题。第三段作者阐述了吸管由于体积小，重量轻，很难回收。故选A。
3推理判断题。根据首段… frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t… 及尾段… will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint… 可知，原文中的Vn Wng希望让人们可以重新审视他们对于塑料制品的处理方式。B选项Disturbing的意思为 "令人不安的, 引起恐慌的" ，符合文意。故选B。
2021 全国乙卷 D篇
During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin（干扰）in his pen ffice, he said, "That's why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street—s I can fcus." His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut（布局）. But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can't stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers' cnversatins while we're trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
3.What makes an pen ffice unwelcme t many peple?
A.Persnal privacy unprtected. B.Limited wrking space.
C.Restrictins n grup discussin. D.Cnstant interruptins.
4.What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A.He's a news reprter. B.He's an ffice manager.
C.He's a prfessinal designer. D.He's a published writer.
【答案】3.D 4.D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，通过实验数据分析了过分办公室噪音对于办公效率的影响，但合伙办公有利于集中注意力，适量的声音有利于创新思维。
【解析】
3推理判断题。由最后一段第二句"… can't stp urselves frm getting drawn int ther's cnversatins while we're trying t fcus"可知，开放式办公环境中，经常有其他事情分散人们的注意力。故选D。
4推理判断题。由第一段第一句可知，作者在为自己的书接受采访，可推断他是作家。故选D。
2021年3月天津卷B篇
The pignancy（酸楚）f Jrdan retiring frm his belved basketball t play baseball and what had pushed him t make such a tugh decisin tk me by surprise. As I watched him take ff his basketball unifrm and replace it with a baseball unifrm, I saw him leaving behind the layer that n lnger served him, just as ur lizard had. Neither f them chse the mment that had transfrmed them. But they had t live with wh they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have t learn t leave the past behind.
Humans d nt shed skin（蜕皮）as easily as ther animals. The beginning f change is upsetting. The prcess is tiring. Damage changes us befre we are ready. I see ur lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jrdan said that n matter hw it ends, it starts with hpe. With ur tender, hpeful skin, that is where we begin.
5.What des the authr mst likely want t tell us?
A.Lve f family helps us survive great hardships.
B.It's nt the end f the wrld if we break things.
C.We shuld mve n n matter what happens.
D.Past experiences shuld be treasured.
【答案】5C
文章大意：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael Jrdan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后，像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。
5推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 "Humans d nt shed skin（蜕皮）as easily as ther animals…I see ur lizard, raw and nearly new.（人类不像其他动物那样容易蜕皮。变革的开始令人不安。这个过程很累人。伤害在我们准备好之前就改变了我们。我看到了我们生嫩的、几乎是全新的蜥蜴）" 以及最后一段 "Jrdan said that n matter hw it ends, it starts with hpe. With ur tender, hpeful skin, that is where we begin.（Jrdan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点）" 可推知，作者最有可能想告诉我们无论发生什么，我们都应该继续前进。故选：C。
2021年3月天津卷C篇
Everything that happens next during the prcedure must be related t this stry—an injectin （注射）becmes the bite f an insect; the heat n the skin becmes the sensatin f the sun and a machine that rings becmes a plice car passing nearby.
"The imprtant thing is that the technlgist assciates what is happening utside the patient's bdy with what the patient sees in his head," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "It requires creativity n the part f the technlgist, imaginatin, a lt f patience and kindness."
The prcedure appealed t the staff a lt when it was intrduced in January. "It spread like wildfire that smene frm France was here t train the technlgists," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. She added that she had a line f staff at her dr wanting t take the training
4.What can we learn abut the stry used in the prcedure?
A.It shuld keep pace with the prcedure. B.It reflects the patient's creativity.
C.It is selected by the technlgist. D.It tells what dctrs are ding t the patient,
【答案】4.A
【解析】1.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蒙特利尔儿童医院的一个试验项目表明催眠技术的使用可以减轻病人的痛苦和焦虑。一位法国医学影像技术专家——也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工。
4.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中 "Everything that happens next during the prcedure must be related t this stry（催眠过程中接下来发生的一切都必须和这个故事有关）" 以及倒数第二段第一句 "The imprtant thing is that the technlgist assciates what is happening utside the patient's bdy with what the patient sees in his head, （重要的是技术专家把病人身体外发生的事情和他在大脑里看到的联系起来）" 可知，故事必须跟整个催眠过程同步。故选：A。
2021年3月天津卷D篇
There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist. Knwing a little abut a lt f things that interest yu can add t the richness f a whle, well-lived life.
Sciety pushes us t specialize, t becme experts. This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. There is a great deal f pressure t master ne's field. Yu may pursue training, degrees, r increasing levels f respnsibility at wrk. Then yu discver the pressure f having t keep up.
Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. But such cmmitment can als weaken a sense f freedm. These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night, then lk back and realize they wuld have lved t have gne hme and enjyed the sweetness f their family and friends, r traveled t exciting places, meeting interesting peple. Mastering ne thing t the exclusin （排除）f thers can hld back yur true spirit.
Generalists, n the ther hand, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins. They are peple f ability, talent, and enthusiasm wh can bring their brad perspective （视角）int specific fields f expertise（专长）. The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.
Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are. My editr Tni, wh is als a writer, has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy. "I dn't knw where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm n this pursuit."
1.T becme a specialist, ne may have t .
A.narrw his range f knwledge B.avid respnsibilities at wrk
C.knw mre abut the sciety D.braden his perspective n life
4.What des the authr intend t shw with the example f Tni?
A.Passin alne des nt ensure a persn's success.
B.In-depth explratin makes discveries pssible.
C.Everyne has a chance t succeed in their pursuit.
D.Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way cnnected.
【答案】1.A 4.D
【解析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。
1.推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二、三句 "This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. （成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。）" 可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第五段第一、二句 "Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are. （事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）" 以及下文举出Tni的例子"My editr Tni, wh is als a writer, has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy.（我的编辑Tni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。)"可以推断，作者想通过Tni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。
2021年1月浙江卷C篇
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evlutinary bilgist frm the University f Manchester, said the study was praisewrthy in seeking t enrich ur knwledge f the evlutin f human language. But, she added, the results were "a little disappinting".
"The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins, " she said. "Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains."
2.What did Dr Shultz think f the study?
A.It was well designed but prly cnducted.
B.It was a gd try but the findings were limited.
C.It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D.It was a failure but the methds deserved praise.
【答案2.B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了黑猩猩的语言：使用手势来传递信息，以及相关研究和结论。
2.推理判断题。 根据题干的关键信息Dr. Shultz可以定位到原文的第6段，通过第6段的 "praisewrthy" 以及 "a little disappinting" 可知Shultz教授认为这个研究是有价值的，但是还是有点令人失望，接着第7段Shultz继续阐述了其观点。再结合选项内容，可以推断出B选项最符合原文的推断。故答案为B。
2020年全国1卷（B篇）
Returning t a bk yu've read many times can feel like drinks with an ld friend. There's a welcme familiarity—but als smetimes a slight suspicin that time has changed yu bth, and thus the relatinship. But bks dn't change, peple d. And that's what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.
The beauty f rereading lies in the idea that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present mental register. It's true, the lder I get, the mre I feel time has wings. But with reading, it's all abut the present. It's abut the nw and what ne cntributes t the nw, because reading is a give and take between authr and reader. Each has t pull their wn weight.
There are three bks I reread annually. The first, which I take t reading every spring, is Emest Hemingway's A Mveable Feast. Published in 1964, it's his classic memir f 1920s Paris. The language is almst intxicating（令人陶醉的）, an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time. Anther is Annie Dillard's Hly the Firm, her petic 1975 ramble（随笔） abut everything and nthing. The third bk is Juli Crtázar's Save Twilight: Selected Pems, because petry. And because Crtázar.
While I tend t buy a lt f bks, these three were given t me as gifts, which might add t the meaning I attach t them. But I imagine that, while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary, rereading an authr's wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best bks are the nes that pen further as time passes. But remember, it's yu that has t grw and read and reread in rder t better understand yur des the authr like rereading?
evaluates the writer-reader relatinship.
B.It's a windw t a whle new wrld.
C.It's a substitute fr drinking with a friend.
D.It extends the understanding f neself.
2.What d we knw abut the bk A Mveable Feast?
A.It's a brief accunt f a trip.
B.It's abut Hemingway's life as a yung man.
C.It's a recrd f a histric event.
D.It's abut Hemingway's friends in Paris.
【答案】 1.D 2.B
【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句的内容 "But bks dn't change, peple d. And… rereading s rich and transfrmative." 可知，作者认为书不会变，但是人会变，人在重读的过程中会认识到自己的变化，如此便能进一步理解自己，这就是为什么重读会如此丰富多彩和富有变革性。故选：D。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段第三句和第四句的内容 "Published in 1964, it's his classic memir f 1920s Paris… an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time." 可知，海明威的《流动的盛宴》出版于1964年，是他对20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，也是一位年老的作家回顾了一个雄心勃勃但却又简单的时代。由此可知，这本书是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选：B。
2020 全国卷I卷（C篇）
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact ( 接 触 ) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at
a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries (卡路里) per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1,000 r mre calries per hur.
Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1.4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
( 4 )Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tlerant. D. Cnservative.
【答案】4.B
【解析】根据文章第一段Race walking shares many…while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.以及下文对于竞走的分析说明可知作者客观地阐述了竞走这一体育运动。故选：B。
2020北京卷 B篇
Baggy has becme the first dg in the UK—and ptentially the wrld—t jin the fight against air pllutin by recrding pllutant levels near the grund.
Baggy wears a pllutin mnitr n her cllar s she can take data measurements clse t the grund. Her mnitr has shwn that air pllutin levels are higher clser t grund level, which has helped highlight cncerns that babies and yung kids may be at higher risk f develping lung prblems.
Cnventinal air pllutin mnitrs are nrmally fixed n lamppsts at abut nine feet in the air. Hwever, since Baggy stands at abut the same height as a child in a pushchair （婴儿车）, she frequently recrds pllutin levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Envirnment Agency.
The dggy data research was the idea f Baggy's 13-year-ld wner Tm Hunt and his dad Matt. The English yungster nticed that pllutin levels are arund tw-thirds higher clse t the grund than they are in the air at the height where they are recrded by the agency. Tm has since reprted the shcking findings t the gvernment in an attempt t emphasise that babies are at higher risk f develping asthma （哮喘）.
Matt Hunt said he was "very prud" f his sn because "when the by gets an idea, he keeps his head dwn and gets n with it, and he really des want t d sme gd and stp yung kids frm getting asthma."
"Tm built up a passin fr envirnmental prtectin at a very early age, " Matt added. "He became very interested in gadgets （小装置）. Abut ne year ag, he gt this new piece f tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternn, we went ut t d sme mnitring, and he said, 'why dn't we put it n Baggy's cllar and let her mnitr the pllutin? 'S we did it."
Tm said, "Mst f the time, Baggy is just like any ther dg. But fr the rest f the time she is a super dg, and we are all really prud f her."
3.What is Tm's purpse f ding the research?
A.T warn f a health risk. B.T find ut pllutin surces.
C.T test his new mnitr. D.T prve Baggy's abilities.
4.Accrding t the passage, which wrd can best describe Tm Hunt?
A.Mdest. B.Generus. C.Creative. D.Outging.
【答案】3.A 4.C
【解析】（文章大意）这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国一只名叫Baggy的小狗，被主人在项圈上安上了污染监测器，以此来记录地面附近的污染物水平。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中最后一句话"Tm … in anattempt t emphasise that babies are at higher risk f develping asthma （哮喘）."及第五段中"he really des want t d sme gd and stp yung kids frm getting asthma"可知，地面空气污染严重导致孩子易患上疾病，汤姆想要做点什么来阻止孩子患上哮喘。由此可推测，他通过在自己的宠物狗身上安装污染检测器，以此来记录地面附近的污染物水平是为了对儿童的健康风险提出警告，引起政府重视。故答案选：A。
4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中" he said, 'why dn't we put it n Baggy's cllar and let her mnitr the pllutin? '"可知，汤姆想出了在自己的宠物狗身上安装污染检测器来记录地面附近的污染物水平的方法。由此可推测，他是一个富有创造力的人。故答案选：C。
2020北京卷 C篇
Fr the past five years, Paula Smith, a histrian f science, has devted herself t re-creating lng-frgtten techniques. While ding research fr her new bk, she came acrss a 16th-century French manuscript（手稿）cnsisting f nearly 1, 000 sets f instructins, cvering subjects frm tl making t finding the best sand.
The authr's intentin remains as mysterius（神秘）as his name; he may have been simply taking ntes fr his wn recrds. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any f the skills the authr described. "Yu simply can't get an understanding f that handwrk by reading abut it, " she says.
Thugh Smith did get her hands n the best sand, ding things the ld-fashined way isn't just abut playing arund with French mud. Recnstructing the wrk f the craftsmen（工匠）wh lived centuries ag can reveal hw they viewed the wrld, what bjects filled their hmes, and what went n in the wrkshps that prduced them. It can even help slve present-day prblems: In 2015, scientists discvered that a 10th-century English medicine fr eye prblems culd kill a drug-resistant virus.
The wrk has als brught insights fr museums, Smith says. One must knw hw an bject was made in rder t preserve it. What's mre, recnstructins might be the nly way t knw what treasures lked like befre time wre them dwn. Schlars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Rman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbw f striking clurs. We can't appreciate these kinds f details withut seeing wrks f art as they riginally appeared—smething Smith believes yu can d nly when yu have a rad map.
2.Accrding t Smith, the recnstructin wrk is dne mainly t .
A.restre ld wrkshps B.understand the craftsmen
C.imprve visual effects D.inspire the philsphers
3.Why des the authr mentin museums?
A.T reveal the beauty f ancient bjects. B.T present the findings f ld science.
C.T highlight the imprtance f antiques. D.T emphasise the values f hand skills.
【答案】2.B 3.D
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了在过去的五年里，科学历史学家葆拉·史密斯一直致力于重新创造被遗忘已久的技术并强调了手工技艺的重要性。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中第二句话 "Recnstructing the wrk f the craftsmen（工匠） … can reveal hw they viewed the wrld, …, and what went n in the wrkshps that prduced them." 可知，通过重建作品可以展示当时的工匠如何看待世界，他们家里有什么物品，以及生产这些物品的车间里发生了什么。由此推知，重建作品是为了了解创造这些作品的工匠。故答案选：B。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中第二句话 "One must knw hw an bject was made in rder t preserve it. " 可知，作者认为要想保护好一件东西，必须先知道它是怎么制作的。博物馆的主要职责正是保护文物，由此可推测，作者在此处提到博物馆是想强调手工技艺的重要性。故答案选：D。
2020北京卷D篇
Fears abut the appearance f bad, pwerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinfrced（强化）by many wrks f fictin—Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the Terminatr film series, fr example. But if AI des eventually prve t be ur dwnfall, it is unlikely t be at the hands f human-shaped frms like these, with recgnisably human mtivatins such as aggressin（敌对行为）. Instead, I agree with Oxfrd University philspher Nick Bstrm, wh believes that the heaviest risks frm AGI d nt cme frm a decisin t turn against mankind but rather frm a dgged pursuit f set bjectives at the expense f everything else.
The prmise and danger f true AGI are great. But all f tday's excited discussin abut these pssibilities presuppses the fact that we will be able t build these systems. And, having spken t many f the wrld's fremst AI researchers, I believe there is gd reasn t dubt that we will see AGI any time sn, if ever.
3.As fr Irving Gd's pinin n ultra-intelligent machines, the authr is .
A.supprtive B.disapprving C.fearful D.uncertain
4.What can be inferred abut AGI frm the passage?
A.It may be nly a dream. B.It will cme int being sn.
C.It will be cntrlled by humans. D.It may be mre dangerus than ever.
【答案】3.B 4.A
【解析】（文章大意）这是一篇说明文。人工智能虽然正在变得无处不在，但是仍然存在着一些局限性。本文主要围绕着AGI，即通用人工智能进行了介绍。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中"Instead, I agree with Oxfrd University philspher Nick Bstrm"可知，作者同意牛津大学哲学家尼克·博斯特罗姆的观点。Insead表示 "相反" ，由此可推测，他不同意前面提到的Irving Gd的观点。A. supprtive 支持的；B. disapprving 不赞成的；C. fearful 担心的；D. uncertain 不确定的。故答案选：B。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中最后一句话"And, … , I believe there is gd reasn t dubt that we will see AGI any time sn, if ever."可知，在与世界上许多顶尖的人工智能研究人员交谈后，作者怀疑我们是否会很快看到AGI。由此可推测，AGI的实现还没有现实基础，可能仅仅只是一个梦。故答案选：A。
2020全国2. C篇
Then there's Righteus Fur and its unusual fashins. Mdel Paige Mrgan says, "T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—I think that's ging t be a massive thing, at least here in New Yrk." Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable. She's trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec-friendly.
4.What can we infer abut wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?
A.It's frmal. B.It's risky. C.It's harmful. D.It's traditinal.
【答案】4.B
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要讲述了海狸鼠这种动物对环境造成了破坏，因此环保主义者和时尚爱好者正在试图把海狸鼠的皮毛投入市场中。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句"…they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—I think that's ging t be a massive thing, at least here in New Yrk"可知，根据摩根的话可以推断，在美国纽约穿皮毛大衣会被人泼颜料，这是一个比较严重的事情，因此推断出这是一个危险性的行为。故选B。
2020全国2. D篇
I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.
My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld. It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce（来源） f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.
I always read, using different vices, as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it! It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks.
Nw I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I've fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can't affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven（避风港） fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy（盗版行为） and I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
1.Which wrd best deseribes the authr's relatinship with bks as a child?
A.Cperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.
2.What des the underlined phrase "an added meaning" in paragaph 3 refer t?
A.Pleasure frm wrking in the library.
B.Jy f reading passed n in the family.
C.Wnderment frm acting ut the stries.
D.A clser bnd develped with the readers.
【答案】 1.C 2.B
【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句的内容 "Stries were like air t me… I checked ut frm the library" 可知，小时候故事对于作者来说就像空气，当其他孩子打球或参加聚会时，她通过从图书馆借来的书来体验冒险。由此可知，作者小时候和书形影不离。A. cperative 合作的；B. uneasy 担心的；C. inseparable 形影不离的；D. casual 随便的，偶然的。故选：C。
2.推理判断题。根据第一段至第三段的内容可知，作者自己还是孩子的时候就很喜欢去图书馆看书，后来成了几个孩子的母亲后，她把对图书馆的热爱又通过在图书馆进行亲子阅读的方式传递给了孩子。根据第五段的内容 "I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin" 可知，去图书馆的那种兴奋感代代相传，对此作者很喜欢。由此可知，作者成为母亲后，图书馆给她的生活增添的意义在于读书的乐趣在家里传了下来。故选：B。
2020全国3. B篇
In sme cases, it's nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it's the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the States.
4.What can we infer frm the last paragraph abut animal actrs?
A.They may be badly treated. B.They shuld take further training.
C.They culd be traded illegally. D.They wuld lse ppularity.
【答案】4.A
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影 "猩球崛起" 上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段In sme cases, it's nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that … which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the States.（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
2020全国3. C篇
And what des Nick think? "Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld."
It's hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325, 000 in 2002 t 419, 000 in 2013.
2.What is Nick's attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther-in-law?
A.Psitive. B.Carefree. C.Tlerant. D.Unwilling.
【答案】2.A
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
2.推理判断题。根据第五段"And what des Nick think? 'Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.'"可知：尼克是怎么想的？"从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗？是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。"由此判断出，尼克对和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A。
2020.7浙江卷（B篇）
In Bellevue, the switch t adaptive signals has been a lessn in the value f welcming new appraches. In the past, there was ften an autmatic reactin t increased traffic: just widen the rads, says Mark Pch, the Bellevue Transprtatin Department's traffic engineering manager. Nw he hpes that ther cities will cnsider making their streets run smarter instead f just making them bigger.
3.What can we learn frm Bellevue's success?
A.It is rewarding t try new things. B.The ld methds still wrk tday.
C.It pays t put thery int practice. D.The simplest way is the best way.
【答案】 3.A
【解析】文章大意：本文主要讲了华盛顿Bellevue信号灯时间调整的原因以及研究过程。
3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句"the switch t adaptive signals has been a lessn in the value f welcming new appraches."可知尝试新事物是会带来收获的。故选A。
2020.7浙江卷（C篇）
"This wrks just like physical exercise, " says Francisca Then, wh led the study. "After a lng run, yu may feel like yu're in pain, yu may feel tired. But it makes yu fit. After a lng day at wrk—sure, yu will feel tired, but it can help yur brain stay healthy. "
It's nt just crprate jbs, r even paid wrk that can help keep yur brain fit, Then pints ut. A waiter's jb, fr example, that requires multitasking, teamwrk and decisin-making culd be just as stimulating as any high-level ffice wrk. And "running a family husehld requires high-level planning and crdinating（协调）, " she says. "Yu have t rganize the activities f the children and take care f the bills and grceries."
2.Hw des Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A.By using an expert's wrds. B.By making a cmparisn.
C.By referring t anther study. D.By intrducing a cncept.
【答案】2.B
【解析】1.文章大意：本文介绍了有挑战性的工作能够帮助大脑保持健康。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段"'This wrks just like physical exercise, ' says Francisca Then, wh led the study…'After a lng day at wrk—sure, yu will feel tired, but it can help yur brain stay healthy.'"描述可知，Francisca是将有挑战性的工作与我们的日常运动锻炼做了一个对比，发现两者之间虽然方式不太一样，但针对大脑而言，却有异曲同工之妙。故答案选B。
2020.5天津卷（B篇）
Parry quickly graduated frm his early hearts and sharks, and started t surprise families with drawings that captured yung patients' persnalities. Frm Snpy t Spider-Man and bears t butterflies, there isn't much he hasn't drawn. Mst kids want superheres sprts team lgs r princesses, while babies ften receive scenes with flwers, trees and sea creatures. During the last 30 years, Parry estimates he has left examples f his handiwrk ver the stitches（伤口缝线） f mre than 10, 000 children.
"During a time f stress fr families, it's nice t be able t help them smile and laugh, " Parry said. "This is smething psitive that I can d fr them, which is what I like mst abut it."
5.What can we learn abut Parry frm the last tw paragraphs f the passage?
A.He is eager t shw thers his new skills.
B.He enjys trying new ways t help thers.
C.He is lking frward t life after retirement.
D.He is mre interested in knitting than drawing.
【答案】5.B
【解析】1.本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了医护工作者Parry在岗位上发光发彩，助人为乐的事迹。
5推理判断题。根据文章第六段第一句Parry quickly graduated frm his early … that captured yung patients' persnalities.可知，Parry喜欢尝试新的方式来帮助别人。故答案为：B。
2020.5天津卷（C篇）
While there has been real prgress in the e-plane industry, the technical challenges that remain are keeping everyne's feet firmly n the grund. A battery, even a lithium ne, nly prvides 250 watt-hurs per kilgram; cmpare this t liquid fuel, which has a specific energy f 11, 890 watt-hurs per kilgram. Carrying adequate batteries, hwever, wuld make the plane t heavy t get ff the grund. In aircraft, where every bit f weight cunts, this can't just be ignred.
4.What might be the biggest challenge f electric flying?
A.T imprve the grund service fr e-planes.
B.T find qualified technicians fr e-plane industry.
C.T calculate the energy needed t pwer e-planes.
D.T balance pwer and weight f batteries ine-planes.
【答案】4.D
【解析】1.本文是一篇说明文。主要谈及了绿色航空的现状并展望了未来。
4.推理判断题。根据文章第四段第三句"Carrying adequate batteries, hwever, wuld make the plane t heavy t get ff the grund."可知携带足够的电池会使飞机太重而无法从地面上下来。在飞机上，每一个重量都很重要，这不能被忽略。故平衡电子飞机中电池的功率和重量是一大挑战。故答案为：D。
2020.5天津卷（D篇）
Histry makes us mre empathetic（具有共情能力的）. Studying histry can give us insight（洞察力） int why ur culture des certain things, and hw the past has shaped it int what we knw nw. It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures. Fear and hate fr thers is usually caused by ignrance（无知）. We're scared f the things that we dn't understand. Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.
3.What can be cncluded frm Para.4?
A.It is difficult t get rid f cultural barriers.
B.Peple are willing t accept freign cultures.
C.Cultural cnflicts in histry are difficult t ignre.
D.Histry helps us imprve ur crss-cultural awareness.
【答案】3.D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了历史是人类文明的重要组成部分，从5个方面说明了学习历史的重要性。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段第三句"It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures."历史为跨文化的同理心提供了一个相当坚实的基础，可以推知历史能帮助我们提高跨文化意识。故答案为：D。
2020.7天津卷（B篇）
Vinnie's face turned red. She realized she lked like a child, with her tiny figure. "Small des nt mean weak, sir, " she defended herself. "I was brn in the cuntry f Wiscnsin. I've driven hrses and carried water. Making a full-length clay（粘土） figure wuld nt exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend t d!"
The President's eyes, brightened at her shw f spirit. "Srry, madam, I have underestimated yu as I didn't knw yur backgrund."
3.Vinnie cnfirmed her ability t make a full-length statue by highlighting .
A.her experience frm ther prjects B.her inncent childhd in the cuntry
C.the heavy labr she had dne befre D.the skill she picked up in Wiscnsin
【答案】3.C
【解析】3.推理判断题。根据文章第六段中"I have driven teams f hrses and…clay（粘土） figure wuld nt exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend t d."可知，温妮说自己驾驶着马队并随身携带水，制作全长泥塑人物并不能减轻她的力量。这就是温妮打算做的。因此通过这句话表明温妮曾经做过很繁重的工作。故选：C。
2020.7天津卷（C篇）
Fr peple wh are interested in sund, the field f sund technlgy is definitely making nise. In the past, sund engineers wrked in the back rms f recrding studis, but many f tday's sund prfessinals are sharing their knwledge and experience with prfessinals in ther fields t create new prducts based n the phenmenn we call sund.
Sund can be used as a weapn. Imagine that a plice fficer is chasing a thief. The thief tries t escape. And the fficer can't let him get away. He pulls ut a special device, pints it at the suspect, and switches it n. The thief drps t the grund. This new weapn is called a Lng Range Acustic Device（LRAD，远程定向声波发射器）. It prduces a deafening sund s painful that it temprarily disables a persn. The nise frm the LRAD is directed like a ray f light and travels nly int the ears f that persn, but it is nt deadly.
1.What culd be inferred frm Paragraph 2 abut the effect f the LRAD?
A.It causes temprary hearing lss. B.It slws dwn a running man.
C.It makes it easy t identify a suspect. D.It keeps the suspect frm hurting thers.
【答案】 1.A
【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第二段中"It prduces a defeating sund s painful that it temprarily disables a persn."可知，LRAD会发出一种击垮人的声音，这种声音会让人痛苦得暂时丧失能力。因此可以推断出LRAD会暂时的使某个人听力受到损害。故选A。
2020.7天津卷（D篇）
After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curiusly and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.
Tgether, these deep human urges（驱策力） cunt fr much mre than ambitin. Galile was nt merely ambitius when he drpped bjects f varying weights frm the Leaning Twer at Pisa and timed their fall t the grund. Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, "Why? Why? Why? "
Frtunately, curisity and discntent dn't have t be learned. We are brn with them and need nly recapture them.
"The great man, " said Mencius（孟子）, "Is he wh des nt lse his child's heart." Yet mst f us d lse it. We stp asking questins. We stp challenging custm. We just fllw the crwd. And the crwd desires nly the calm and restful average. It encurages us t ccupy ur wn little crner, t avid flish leaps int the dark, t be satisfied.
Mst f us meet new peple, and new ideas, with hesitatin. But nce having met and liked them, we think hw terrible it wuld have been, had we missed the chance. We will prbably have t frce urselves t waken ur curisity and discntent and keep them awake.
Hw shuld yu start? Mdestly, s as nt t becme discuraged. I think f ne friend wh culdn't arrange flwers t satisfy herself. She was curius abut hw the experts did it. Hw she is ne f the experts, writing bks n flwer arrangement.
One way t begin is t answer yur wn excuses. Yu haven't any special ability? Mst peple dn't; there are nly a few geniuses. Yu haven't any time? That's gd, because it's always the peple with n time wh get things dne. Harriet Stwe, mther f six, wrte parts f Uncle Tm's Cabin while cking. Yu're t ld? Remember that Thmas Cstain was 57 when he published his first nvel, and that Grandma Mses shwed her first pictures when she was 78.
Hwever yu start, remember there is n better time t start than right nw, fr yu'll never be mre alive than yu are at this mment.
4.What can we learn frm Paragraphs 6 and 7?
A.Gaining success helps yu becme an expert.
B.The genius tends t get things dne creatively.
C.Lack f talent and time is n reasn fr taking n actin.
D.Yu shuld remain mdest when appraching perfectin.
【答案】4.C
4.推理判断题。根据文章第六段可知主要讲述了遇到问题不必沮丧，要保有好奇心，第七段重点提到了"t answer yur wn excuses"，即不要给自己找借口，分别列举了包括"ability"、"time"和"t ld"这三个借口。选项中C明确提到了缺少天赋和时间不应该是不采取行动的借口。故选：C。
2020.1浙江卷（A篇）
I never knew anyne wh'd grwn up in Jacksn withut being afraid f Mrs. Callway, ur librarian. She ran Jacksn's Carnegie Library abslutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was n signs hung everywhere. If she thught yu were dressed imprperly, she sent yu straight back hme t change yur clthes. I was willing; I wuld d anything t read.
My mther was nt afraid f Mrs. Callway. She wished me t have my wn library card t check ut bks fr myself. She tk me in t intrduce me. "Eudra is nine years ld and has my permissin t read any bk she wants frm the shelves, children r adults." Mther said.
Mrs. Callway made her wn rules abut bks. Yu culd nt take back a bk t the library n the same day yu'd taken it ut; it made n difference t her that yu'd read every wrd in it and needed anther t start. Yu culd take ut tw bks at a time and tw nly. S tw by tw, I read library bks as fast as I culd g, rushing them hme in the basket f my bicycle. Frm the minute I reached ur huse, I started t read. I knew this was extreme happiness, knew it at the time.
My mther shared this feeling f mine. Nw, I think f her as reading s much f the time while ding smething else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part f the Wlf in a game f "Little Red Riding Hd" with my brther's tw daughters. She'd just lk up at the right time, lng enugh t answer—in character—"The better t eat yu with, my dear, " and g back t her place in the magazine article.
1.Which f the fllwing best described Mrs. Callway?
A.Quiet. B.Strict C.Humrus. D.Cnsiderate.
2.What d the underlined wrds "this feeling" refer t in the last paragraph?
A.Desire t read. B.Lve fr Mrs. Callway.
C.Interest in games. D.Fear f the library rules.
【答案】 1.B 2.A
【解析】
1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段I never knew anyne wh'd grwn up in Jacksn withut being afraid f Mrs. Callway, ur librarian. 及第三段第一句话Mrs. Callway made her wn rules abut bks. 可知，作为图书管理员的Mrs. Callway制定自己的规则，包括 "Silence" 、穿的衣服、以及借书规则，因此Mrs. Callway很严格，【答案】为B。quiet安静的，humrus幽默的，cnsiderate考虑周到的。
2.推理判断题。由第三段Frm the minute I reached ur huse, I started t read. I knew this was extreme happiness, knew it at the time.可知， "我" 一到家就阅读并且认为阅读是极其快乐的时光，所以 "我" 是非常 "渴望阅读" ，【答案】为A。
2020.1浙江卷（B篇）
Milwaukee, Wiscnsin, is rad testing a new way t keep winter rads ice-free-by spreading n them cheese bring, the salty liquid used t make sft cheeses, like mzzarella.
Wiscnsin. als called "America's Dairyland, " is famus fr its cheese. The state prduced 2.8 billin punds f cheese last year! As a result, there was a lt f leftver cheese bring. Dispsing f（处置）the bring can be expensive. S what shuld cheese makers d with the waste?
Nrmally, twns use rck salt t de-ice streets. The salt lwers water's freezing pint, causing ice t melt（融化）. But using cheese bring culd help bth cheese prducers and cities save mney, while keeping rads safe. Cheese bring has salt in it, which, like the rck salt, helps lwer water's freezing pint.
In additin t saving mney, cheese bring culd als be a mre ec-friendly ptin. Many peple suspect that all the rck salt used every winter is harming the envirnment.
Rck salt is made f sdium chlride, the same cmpund（化合物）in rdinary table salt. Sunds harmless, right? But while yu prbably add nly a small amunt f salt t yur fd, rad crews spread abut 20 millin tns f salt n U. S. rads every year!
The chemical washes ff rads and ges int the grund. There it can pllute drinking water, harm plants, and eat away sil. By spreading cheese bring n streets befre adding a layer f rck salt, Milwaukee may be able t cut its rck salt use by 30 percent.
Cheese bring has a dwnside t—a smell similar t that f bad milk. "I dn't really mind it, " Email Nrby tld Mdern Farmer magazine. He wrks fr ne f Wiscnsin's cunty highway cmmissins and came up with the idea f using cheese bring. "Our rads smell like Wiscnsin!" he said.
3.Milwaukee's new way t de-ice streets may be an example f .
A.barking up the wrng tree B.putting the cart befre the hrse
C.rbbing Peter t pay Paul D.killing tw birds with ne stne
【答案】 3.D
【解析】3.推理判断题。根据全文可知，新的路面除冰方法不仅可以省钱，对于环境也有好处，所以满足D选项的 "一石二鸟" 。A选项表示精力用在不该有的地方，B选项表示本末倒置，C选项表示借东还西。故选D。
2020.1浙江卷（B篇）
Tday's wrld is nt an easy adjustment fr yung adults. A key skill set fr success is persistence（毅力）, a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers frm Brigham Yung University discvered that fathers are in a unique psitin t help their adlescent children learn persistence.
BYU prfessrs Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after fllwing 325 American families ver several years. And ver time, the persistence gained thrugh fathers led t higher achievement in schl.
"There are relatively few studies that stress the unique rle f fathers." Padilla-Walker said. "This research als helps t prve that characteristics such as persistence-which can he taught-are key t a child's life success."
Researchers determined that dads need t practice an "authritative" parenting style. Authritative parenting is nt authritarian: rigid, demanding r cntrlling. Rather, an authritative parenting style includes sme f the fllwing characteristics: children feel warmth and lve frm their father; respnsibility and the reasns behind rules are stressed; children are given an apprpriate level f autnmy（自主权）.
In the study, abut 52 percent f the dads exhibited abve-average levels f authritative parenting. A key finding is that ver time, children raised by an authritative father were significantly mre likely t develp persistence, which leads t better utcmes in schl.
This particular study examined la t 14-year-lds living in tw-parent hmes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a rle in teaching the benefits f persistence, which is an avenue f future research.
2.What wuld an authritative father d when raising his children?
A.Ignre their demands. B.Make decisins fr them.
C.Cntrl their behavirs. D.Explain the rules t them.
【答案】2.D
【解析】 2.推理判断题。根据第4段第2句话 "Authritative parenting is nt authritarian: rigid, demanding r cntrlling.“权威型父母不是专制主义者：死板的、要求高的或者有掌控欲的" ，所以当权威型父亲抚养孩子时，他肯定不会忽视他们的需求、为他们做决定或者控制他们的行为，所以排除ABC，D选项 "给他们解释规则" 符合题意，故选D。
2020年全国III卷（D篇）
We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes ( 基因 ), they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin — nt t air r t fd, but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in the hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally lived n husebats; in recent times, they’ve als built huses n stilts (支柱) in castal waters. “They are simply a stranger t the land,” said Rdney C. Jubilad, a University f Hawaii researcher wh studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish. “We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders,” Dr. Jubilad said. “I culd see them actually walking under the sea.”
In 2015, Melissa Ilard, then a graduate student in genetics at the University f Cpenhagen, heard abut the Bajau. She wndered if centuries f diving culd have led t the evlutin f physical characteristics that made the task easier fr them. “It seemed like the perfect chance fr natural selectin t act n a ppulatin,” said Dr. Ilard. She als said there were likely a number f ther genes that help the Bajau dive.
( )What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Envirnmental adaptatin f cattle raisers. B. Recent findings f human rigin.
C. New knwledge f human evlutin. D. Significance f fd selectin.
最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。判断题。根据第一段的We are the prducts f evlutin, … they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years.（我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子）可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。C. New knwledge f human evlutin.（人类进化的新知识）符合以上说法，故选C项。
2020江苏卷B篇
As Inglis and, later ther businessmen, gt t wrk, repurpsed phne bxes began reappearing in cities and villages as peple fund new uses fr them. Tday, they are nce again a familiar sight, playing rles that are ften just as imprtant fr the cmmunity as their riginal purpse.
In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively lng time t arrive, the phne bxes have taken n a lifesaving rle. Lcal rganizatins can adpt them fr 1 pund, and install defibrillatrs t help in emergencies.
Others als lked at the phne bxes and saw business pprtunities. LveFne, a cmpany that advcates repairing cellphnes rather than abandning them, pened a mini wrkshp in a Lndn phne bx in 2016.
The tiny shps made ecnmic sense, accrding t Rbert Kerr, a funder f LveFne. He said that ne f the bxes generated arund 400 t rent.
Inglis said phne bxes called t mind an age when things were built t last. "I like what they are t peple, and I enjy bringing things back," he said.
3.The phne bxes are becming ppular mainly because f .
A.their new appearance and lwer prices B.the push f the lcal rganizatins
C.their changed rles and functins D.the big funding f the businessmen
【答案】 3.C
【解析】
3.推理判断题。根据第五段As Inglis and, later ther businessmen, gt t wrk, repurpsed phne bxes began reappearing in cities and villages as peple fund new uses fr them. Tday, they are nce again a familiar sight, playing rles that are ften just as imprtant fr the cmmunity as their riginal purpse.（随着英格利斯和后来的其他商人开始工作，重新利用的电话亭开始在城市和乡村重新出现，人们发现了它们的新用途。今天，它们再次成为人们熟悉的景象，扮演着与它们最初的目的同样重要的角色）和第六段中In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively lng time t arrive, the phne bxes have taken n a lifesaving rle.（在农村地区，救护车要花相当长的时间才能到达，电话亭就起到了拯救生命的作用）以及第七段中Others als lked at the phne bxes and saw business pprtunities.（其他人也在电话亭寻找商机）可知，电话亭之所以变得流行，主要是因为它们的角色和功能发生了变化。故选C。
2020江苏卷C篇
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the mst significant, the researchers fund. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending n whether smene had eaten r nt befre walking. Many f these genes prduce prteins (蛋白质) that can imprve bld sugar regulatin and insulin (胰岛素) levels thrughut the bdy and s are assciated with imprved metablic health. These genes were much mre active when the men had fasted befre exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implicatin f these results is that t gain the greatest health benefits frm exercise, it may be wise t skip eating first.
4.What culd be learned frm the research?
A.A wrkut after breakfast imprves gene perfrmances.
B.T much wrkut ften slws metablic rates.
C.Lifestyle is nt as imprtant as mrning exercise.
D.Physical exercise befre breakfast is better fr health.
【答案】4.D
【解析】4.推理判断题。根据最后一段The implicatin f these results is that t gain the greatest health benefits frm exercise, it may be wise t skip eating first.可知，这些结果的含义是，为了从运动中获得最大的健康益处，先不吃东西可能更明智。因此推断早饭前的体育锻炼对健康更有益。故选D。
2020江苏卷 D 篇
I was in the middle f the Amazn (亚马逊) with my wife, wh was there as a medical researcher. We flew n a small plane t a faraway village. We did nt speak the lcal language, did nt knw the custms, and mre ften than nt, did nt entirely recgnize the fd. We culd nt have felt mre freign.
We were raised n bks and cmputers, highways and cell phnes, but nw we were living in a village withut running water r electricity. It was easy fr us t g t sleep at the end f the day feeling a little misunderstd.
Then ne perfect Amaznian evening, with mnkeys calling frm beynd the village green, we played sccer. I am nt gd at sccer, but that evening it was wnderful. Everyne knew the rules. We all spke the same language f passes and shts. We understd ne anther perfectly. As darkness came ver the field and the match ended, the gal keeper, Juan, walked ver t me and said in a matter-f-fact way, "In yur hme, d yu have a mn t?" I was surprised.
After I explained t Juan that yes, we did have a mn and yes, it was very similar t his, I felt a srt f awe (敬畏) at the pssibilities that existed in his wrld, In Juan's wrld, each village culd have its wn mn. In Juan's wrld, the unknwn and undiscvered was vast and marvelus. Anything was pssible.
In ur sciety, we knw that Earth has nly ne mn. We have lked at ur planet frm every angle and fund all f the wildest things left t find. I can, frm my cmputer at hme, pull up satellite images f Juan's village. There are n mre cntinents and n mre mns t search fr, little left t discver. At least it seems that way.
Yet, as I thught abut Juan's questin, I was nt sure hw much mre we culd really rule ut. I am, in part, an ant bilgist, s my thughts turned t what we knw abut insect life and I knew that much in the wrld f insects remains unknwn. Hw much, thugh? Hw ignrant (无知的) are we? The questin f what we knw and d nt knw cnstantly bthered me.
I began cllecting newspaper articles abut new species, new mnkey, new spider…, and n and n they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a secnd drawer fr mre general discveries: new cave system discvered with dzens f nameless species, fur hundred species f bacteria fund in the human stmach. The secnd drawer began t fill and as it did, I wndered whether there were bigger discveries ut there, nt just species, but life that depends n things thught t be useless, life even withut DNA. I started a third drawer fr these big discveries. It fills mre slwly, but all the same, it fills.
1.Hw did the authr feel n his arrival in the Amazn?
A.Out f place. B.Full f jy. C.Sleepy. D.Regretful.
3.Why was the authr surprised at Juan's questin abut the mn?
A.The questin was t straightfrward. B.Juan knew s little abut the wrld.
C.The authr didn't knw hw t answer. D.The authr didn't think Juan was sincere.
4.What was the authr's initial purpse f cllecting newspaper articles?
A.T srt ut what we have knwn. B.T deepen his research int Amaznians.
C.T imprve his reputatin as a bilgist. D.T learn mre abut lcal cultures.
【答案】 1.A 3.B 4.A
【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段中“We did nt speak the lcal language, did nt knw the custms, and mre ften than nt, did nt entirely recgnize the fd. We culd nt have felt mre freign.”可知，我们不会说当地的语言，不了解当地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可知，作者一到达亚马逊感觉格格不入。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中“In Juan's wrld, the unknwn and undiscvered was vast and marvelus.”在Juan的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。可知，Juan对这个世界知之甚少。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据第七段中“I began cllecting newspaper articles abut new species, new mnkey, new spider..., and n and n they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a secnd drawer fr mre general discveries: new cave system discvered with dzens f nameless species... I started a third drawer fr these big discveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新猴子、新蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现：在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。可知，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A。
2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）B篇
Thrugh it all, she remained in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs. Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲) t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study. ''Sme nights my heart was breaking t have t pick between my kids and studying fr exams r papers,'' she says. Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family — and that's pretty pwerful.
4.What can we learn frm Jennifer's stry?
A.Time is mney. B.Lve breaks dwn barriers.
C.Hard wrk pays ff. D.Educatin is the key t success.
【答案】4.C
【解析】
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中Thrugh it all, she remained in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs.（虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业）和Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family — and that's pretty pwerful.（然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中学到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励——这是非常强大的。）可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到：努力总会有回报。C. Hard wrk pays ff.（努力会得到回报）符合以上说法，故选C。
2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）C篇
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral (葬礼) fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
3.Which f the fllwing best describes Mr Bissell's rad trip in Uzbekistan?
A.Rmantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerus.
4.What is the purpse f this text?
A.T intrduce a bk. B.T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C.T remember a writer. D.T recmmend a travel destinatin.
【答案】3.B 4.A
【解析】
3.推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr. Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr. Bissell欣赏到了建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项可知，B选项（充满事件的，多事的）可以表达此意。故选B。
4.推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海：迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。可知，本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）C篇
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral (葬礼) fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
( )What is the purpse f this text?
A. T intrduce a bk. B. T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C. T remember a writer. D. T recmmend a travel destinatin.
推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海：迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。可知，本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）D篇
Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins (份), it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate wmen were individually invited int a lab t stensibly (表面上) participate in a study abut mvie viewership. Befre the film began, each wman was asked t help herself t a snack. An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first. In her natural state, the actr weighed 105 punds. But in half the cases she wre a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t 180 punds.
Bth the fat and thin versins f the actr tk a large amunt f fd. The participants fllwed suit, taking mre fd than they nrmally wuld have. Hwever, they tk significantly mre when the actr was thin.
Fr the secnd test, in ne case the thin actr tk tw pieces f candy frm the snack bwls. In the ther case, she tk 30 pieces. The results were similar t the first test: the participants fllwed suit but tk significantly mre candy when the thin actr tk 30 pieces.
The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely influential when we're making decisins. If this fellw participant is ging t eat mre, s will I. Call it the "I'll have what she's having" effect. Hwever, we'll adjust the influence. If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I'll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I'll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
3.Why did the researchers hire the actr?
A.T see hw she wuld affect the participants.
B.T test if the participants culd recgnize her.
C.T find ut what she wuld d in the tw tests.
D.T study why she culd keep her weight dwn.
4.On what basis d we "adjust the influence" accrding t the last paragraph?
A.Hw hungry we are. B.Hw slim we want t be.
C.Hw we perceive thers. D.Hw we feel abut the fd.
【答案】 1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C
【解析】
3.推理判断题。根据第二段中T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments.可知，为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，当演员瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I'll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I'll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?”如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多并且保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 可知，我们是根据我们对他人的看法来调整影响的。故选C。
2020海南（B篇）
The end f the schl year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence f 15 years, dealing with the varius kinds f "frbidden fruit" that cme ut f bk bags. Nw was the spring f the water pistl（手枪）.
I decided t think up a methd f dealing with frbidden fruit.
"Please bring that pistl t me, " I said. "I'm ging t put it in my Grandma's Bx."
"What's that? " they asked.
"It's a large wden chest full f tys fr my grandchildren, " replied.
"Yu dn't have grandchildren, " smene said.
"I dn't knw, " I replied. "But smeday I will. When I d, my bx will be full f wnderful things fr them."
My imaginary Grandma's Bx wrked like magic that spring, and later. Smetimes students wuld ask me t describe all the things I had in it. Then I wuld try t remember the different pssessins I suppsedly had taken away-since I seldm actually kept them. Usually the ffender wuld appear at the end f the day, and I wuld return the belnging.
The years went by, and my first grandchild Grdn was brn. I shared my jy with that year's class. Then smene said, "Nw yu can use yur Grandma's Bx." Frm then n, instead f cming t ask their pssessins back, the students wuld say, "That's kay. Put it in yur Grandma's Bx fr Grdn."
I lved talking abut the imaginary bx, nt nly with my students but als with my wn children. They enjyed hearing abut all the frbidden fruit I had cllected. Then ne Christmas l received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully made wden chest. My sn Bruce had made my Grandma's Bx a reality.
4.What can we infer abut the authr?
A.She enjys telling jkes. B.She is a strict and smart teacher.
C.She lves ding wdwrk. is a respnsible grandmther.
【答案】4.B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个 "奶奶的盒子" 的办法。到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一年圣诞节收到了儿子制作的大木箱，将 "奶奶的盒子" 变成了现实。
4.推理判断题。根据文章中作者要收集学生们从书包里掏出的各种各样的 "禁果" ，说明作者对待学生很严格；同时作者又想出了 "奶奶的盒子" 这个的方法来收集学生们的玩具，说明作者很聪明，由此可推知，作者是一个严格而聪明的老师。故选：B。
2020海南（C篇）
Thugh he acknwledges that engineering wrks can fail because the persn wh thught them up r engineered them simply gt things wrng, in this bk Dr. Petrski widens his view t cnsider the larger cntext in which such failures ccur. Smetimes devices fail because a gd design is cnstructed with lw quality materials incmpetently applied. Or perhaps a design wrks s well it is adpted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless imprvements, until, suddenly, it des nt wrk at all anymre.
2.Which f the fllwing is Dr. Petrski's idea accrding t paragraph 3?
A.N design is well received everywhere
B.Cnstructin is mre imprtant than design.
C.Nt all disasters are caused by engineering design.
n engineering wrks are necessary.
【答案】 2C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：理解失败》的评论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。
2推理判断题。根据文章第三段 "Thugh he acknwledges that engineering wrks can fail because the persn wh thught them up r engineered them simply gt things wrng, in this bk Dr. Petrski widens his view t cnsider the larger cntext in which such failures ccur…suddenly, it des nt wrk at all anymre." 可知，虽然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书中，彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选：C。
2020海南（D篇）
Amazingly, the trees grw in such a way that their leaves and branches, althugh clse tgether, never actually tuch thse f anther tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way t prevent the spread f any tree diseases and make life mre difficult fr leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. T survive in the frest, animals must climb, jump r fly acrss the gaps. The grund flr f the frest is nt all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn int fd fr the trees and ther frest life.
3.Why d the leaves and branches f different trees avid tuching each ther?
A.Fr mre sunlight. B.Fr mre grwing space.
C.Fr self-prtectin. the detectin f insects.
【【答案】】3.C
【解析】本文是说明文。热带雨林被称为 "世界上最大的药房"，因为超过25%的现代药物是由其植物提炼。热带雨林也享有 "地球之肺" 的美誉，因其植物的光合作用净化地球空气的能力尤为强大。仅亚马逊热带雨林产生的氧气就占全球氧气总量的1/3。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段 "Scientists think this is the plants' way t prevent the spread f any tree diseases and make life mre difficult fr leaf-eating insects like caterpillars." 得知，科学家们认为，这是植物防止树木疾病传播的一种方式，也会让毛毛虫等食叶昆虫的生活更加困难。可以判断出不同树木的树叶和树枝避免彼此触碰是为了自我保护，故选：C。
四、实战演练
1.
A build-it-yurself slar still（蒸馏器） is ne f the best ways t btain drinking water in areas where the liquid is nt readily available. Develped by tw dctrs in the U.S. Department f Agriculture, it’s an excellent water cllectr. Unfrtunately, yu must carry the necessary equipment with yu, since it’s all but impssible t find natural substitutes. The nly cmpnents required, thugh, are a 5＇5＇ sheet f clear r slightly milky plastic, six feet f plastic tube, and a cntainer— perhaps just a drinking cup — t catch the water. These pieces can be flded int a neat little pack and fastened n yur belt.
T cnstruct a wrking still, use a sharp stick r rck t dig a hle fur feet acrss and three feet deep. Try t make the hle in a damp area t increase the water catcher’s prductivity. Place yur cup in the deepest part f the hle. Then lay the tube in place s that ne end rests all the way in the cup and the rest f the line runs up — and ut — the side f the hle.
Next, cver the hle with the plastic sheet, securing the edges f the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center dwn with a rck. The plastic shuld nw frm a cne(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The lw pint f the sheet must be centered directly ver, and n mre than three inches abve, the cup.
The slar still wrks by creating a greenhuse under the plastic. Grund water evaprates (蒸发) and cllects n the sheet until small drps f water frm, run dwn the material and fall ff int the cup. When the cntainer is full, yu can suck the refreshment ut thrugh the tube, and wn’t have t break dwn the still every time yu need a drink.
32. What d we knw abut the slar still equipment frm the first paragraph?
A. It’s delicate. B. It’s expensive.
C. It’s cmplex. D. It’s prtable.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话可知制作蒸馏器的东西可以叠放在一个小包，系在腰间。说明制作蒸馏器的设备和轻便，prtable表示轻便的，手提的，故选D。
35. When a slar still wrks, drps f water cme int the cup frm.
A. the plastic tube B. utside the hle
C. the pen air D. beneath the sheet
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。结合第四段中的Grund water evaprates (蒸发) and cllects n the sheet until small drps f water frm, run dwn the material and fall ff int the cup可知地下水蒸发，在覆盖膜上聚集起来直到形成小水滴落在杯子里。覆盖膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里。所以水滴是凝聚在覆盖膜的下面。故选D。
2.
When a leafy plant is under attack，it desn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983,tw scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reprted that yung maple trees getting bitten by insects send ut a particular smell that neighbring plants can get. These chemicals cme frm the injured parts f the plant and seem t be an alarm. What the plants pump thrugh the air is a mixture f chemicals knwn as vlatile rganic cmpunds, VOCs fr shrt.
Scientists have fund that all kinds f plants give ut VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way f crying ut. But is anyne listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighburs react.
Sme plants pump ut smelly chemicals t keep insects away. But thers d duble duty .They pump ut perfumes designed t attract different insects wh are natural enemies t the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned .The attacker wh are natural enemies t the attackers . Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker wh was lunching nw becmes lunch.
In study after study, it appears that these chemical cnversatins help the neighbrs .The damage is usually mre serius n the first plant, but the neighbrs ,relatively speaking ,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what t d.
Des this mean that plants talk t each ther? Scientists dn’t knw. Maybe the first plant just made a cry f pain r was sending a message t its wn branches, and s, in effect, was talking t itself. Perhaps the neighbrs just happened t “verhear” the cry. S infrmatin was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentinal back and frth.
Charles Darwin, ver 150 years ag, imagined a wrld far busier, nisier and mre intimate(亲密的) than the wrld we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whle lt ging n.
35.what can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. The wrd is changing faster than ever.
B. Peple have strnger senses than befre
C. The wrld is mre cmplex than it seems
D. Peple in Darwin’s time were imaginative.
【答案】 C
【解析】推理判断题。根据imagined a wrld far busier, nisier and mre intimate(亲密的) than the wrld we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whle lt ging n. 可知，这个世界远比我们看到或听到的更热闹，更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。故选C。
3.
Minutes after the last mvie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, emplyees were busy sweeping up ppcrns and gathering cke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year histry. This time, hwever, the cleanup was a little different. As ne grup f wrkers carried ut the rubbish, anther grup began remving seats and ther theater equipment in preparatin fr the building’s end.
The film classic The Last Picture Shw was the last mvie shwn in the ld theater. Thugh the mvie is 30 years ld, mst f the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting t say gd-be t the ld building. Theater wner Ed Bradfrd said he chse the mvie because it seemed apprpriate. The mvie is set in a small twn where the nly mvie theater is preparing t clse dwn.
Bradfrd said that large mdern theaters in the city made it impssible fr the Plaza t cmpete. He added that the theater’s lcatin(位置) was als a reasn. “This used t be the center f twn,” he said. “Nw the area is mstly ffice buildings and warehuses.”
Last week sme city fficials suggested the city might be interested in turning the ld theater int a museum and public meeting place. Hwever, these plans were abandned because f financial prblems. Bradfrd sld the building and land t a lcal develpment firm, which plans t build a shpping cmplex n the land where the theater is lcated.
The theater audience said gd-by as Bradfrd lcked the drs fr the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater has shwn its last mvie. The theater will be missed.
25. Why was The Last Picture Shw put n?
A. It was an all-time classic. B. It was abut the histry f the twn.
C. The audience requested it. D. The theater wner fund it suitable.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，剧院老板选择这部戏剧的因为是这部戏剧本身讲述的就是小镇上唯一的电影院准备关门停业的故事，恰好能反映出the Plaza Theater的现状。
27. What can we infer abut the audience?
A. They are disappinted with Bradfrd.
B. They are sad t part with the ld theater.
C. They are supprtive f the city fficials.
D. They are eager t have a shpping center.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“mst f the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting t say gd-bye t the ld building.”可知，人们非常难过，不愿意看到老剧院被拆掉。
4.
After years f heated debate, gray wlves were reintrduced t Yellwstne Natinal Park. Furteen wlves were caught in Canada and transprted t the park. By last year, the Yellwstne wlf ppulatin had grwn t mre than 170 wlves.
Gray wlves nce were seen here and there in the Yellwstne area and much f the cntinental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human develpment. By the 1920s, wlves had practically disappeared frm the Yellwstne area. They went farther nrth int the deep frests f Canada, where there were fewer humans arund.
The disappearance f the wlves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk ppulatins — majr fd surces (来源) fr the wlf – grew rapidly. These animals cnsumed large amunts f vegetatin (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence f wlves, cyte ppulatins als grew quickly. The cytes killed a large percentage f the park’ s red fxes, and cmpletely drve away the park’ s beavers.
As early as 1966,bilgists asked the gvernment t cnsider reintrducing wlves t Yellwstne Park. They hped that wlves wuld be able t cntrl the elk and cyte prblems. Many farmers ppsed the plan because they feared that wlves wuld kill their farm animals r pets.
The gvernment spent nearly 30 years cming up with a plan t reintrduce the wlvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully mnitrs and manages the wlf packs in Yellwstne. Tday, the debate cntinues ver hw well the gray wlf is fitting in at Yellwstne.Elk, deer, and cyte ppulatins are dwn, while beavers and red fres have made a cmeback. The Yellwstne wlf prject has been a valuable experiment t help bilgists decide whether t reintrduce wlves t ther parts f the cuntry as well.
31.What is the authr’s attitude twards the Yellwstne wlf prject？
A. Dubtful. B. Psitive. C. Disapprving. D. Uncaring.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章末段末句可知，作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实验，是很值得推广的。
5.
The Intelligent Transprt team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car int a mbile labratry named “DriveLAB” in rder t understand the challenges faced by lder drivers and t discver where the key stress pints are.
Research shws that giving up driving is ne f the key reasns fr a fall in health and well-being amng lder peple, leading t them becming mre islated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Prfessr Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are develping in-vehicle technlgies fr lder drivers which they hpe culd help them t cntinue driving int later life.
These include custm-made navigatin(导航) tls, night visin systems and intelligent speed adaptatins. Phil Blythe explains: “Fr many lder peple, particularly thse living alne r in the cuntry, driving is imprtant fr preserving their independence, giving them the freedm t get ut and abut withut having t rely n thers.”
“But we all have t accept that as we get lder ur reactins slw dwn and this ften results in peple aviding any ptentially challenging driving cnditins and lsing cnfidence in their driving skills. The result is that peple stp driving befre they really need t.”
Dr Amy Gu, the leading researcher n the lder driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us t understand what the key pints and difficulties are fr lder drivers and hw we might use technlgy t address these prblems.
“Fr example, mst f us wuld expect lder drivers always g slwer than everyne else but surprisingly, we fund that in 30mph znes they struggled t keep at a cnstant speed and s were mre likely t break the speed limit and be at risk f getting fined. We’re lking at the benefits f systems which cntrl their speed as a way f preventing that.
“We hpe that ur wrk will help with technlgical slutins(解决方案) t ensure that lder drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
33.Why is driving imprtant fr lder peple accrding t Phil Blythe?
A. It keeps them independent.
B. It helps them save time.
C. It builds up their strength.
D. It cures their mental illnesses.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中 Phil Blythe所说的内容 “driving is imprtant fr preserving their independence, giving them the freedm t get ut and abut withut having t rely n thers”可知，在Phil Blythe看来，能够开车是老年人能够保持独立生活的重要条件。
34.What d researchers hpe t d fr lder drivers?
A. Imprve their driving skills.
B. Develp driver-assist technlgies.
C. Prvide tips n repairing their cars.
D. Organize regular physical checkups.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后三段内容可知，研究人员希望能够通过研制一些司机辅助技术来帮助老年司机延长驾龄、享受更多独立的生活。
6.
It was a cld March day in High Pint, Nrth Carlina. The girls n the Wesleyan Academy sftball were waiting fr their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet t stay warm, Eighth-grader Taylr Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The tw didn’t knw each ther well — Taylr had just mved t twn a mnth r s befre.
Suddenly, Paris fell t the grund, “Paris’s eye rlled back,” Taylr says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”
It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Withut immediate medical care, Paris wuld die. At first n ne mved. The girls were in shck. Then the sftball cach shuted ut, “Des anyne knw CPR?”
CPR is a life-saving technique. T d CPR, yu press n the sick persn’s chest s that bld mves thrugh the bdy and takes xygen t rgans. Withut xygen the brain is damaging quickly.
Amazingly, Taylr had just taken a CPR curse the day befre. Still, she hesitated. She didn’t think she knew it well enugh. But when n ne else came frward, Taylr ran t Paris and began ding CPR, “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,” says Taylr.
Taylr’s swift actin helped her teammates calm dwn. One girl called 911. Tw mre ran t get the schl nurse, wh brught a defibrillatr, an electrnic devices(器械) that can shck the heart back int wrk. Luck stayed with them: Paris’ heartbeat returned.
“I knw I was really lucky,” Paris says nw. “Mst peple dn’t survive this. My team saved my life.”
Experts say Paris is right: Fr a sudden heart failure, the single best chance fr survival is having smene nearby step in and d CPR quickly.
Tday, Paris is back n the sftball team. Taylr will apply t cllege sn. She wants t be a nurse. “I feel mre cnfident in my actins nw,” Taylr says. “I knw I can act under pressure in a scary situatin.”
57.Why des Paris say she was lucky?
A. She made a wrthy friend.
B. She recvered frm shck.
C. She received immediate CPR.
D. She came back n the sftball team.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Mst peple dn’t survive this. My team saved my life.”可知大多数人都没有这样的疾病中活过来，她的队友们给她进行及时的心脏复苏，以及一系列的救治，把她救了回来，因此她觉得自己很幸运，故选C。
58.Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Taylr?
A. Enthusiastic and kind.
B. Curageus and calm.
C. Cperative and generus.
D. Ambitius and prfessinal.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。Taylr根据自己所学的CPR知识及时的挽救了 Paris的生命，虽然犹豫了，但是很快地进行CPR抢救，说明她很勇敢，很镇静，不慌不忙，不像其他孩子那样陷入惊慌之中，故选B。
7.
Measles(麻疹), which nce killed 450 children each year and disabled even mre, was nearly wiped ut in the United States 14 years ag by the universal use f the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a cmeback, caused by a grwing anti-vaccine mvement and misinfrmatin that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reprted in the USA, cmpared with 189 fr all f last year.
The numbers might sund small, but they are the leading edge f a dangerus trend. When vaccinatin rates are very high, as they still are in the natin as a whle, everyne is prtected. This is called “herd immunity”, which prtects the peple wh get hurt easily, including thse wh can’t be vaccinated fr medical reasns, babies t yung t get vaccinated and peple n whm the vaccine desn’t wrk.
But herd immunity wrks nly when nearly the whle herd jins in. When sme refuse vaccinatin and seek a free ride, immunity breaks dwn and everyne is in even bigger danger.
That’s exactly what is happening in small neighbrhds arund the cuntry frm Orange Cunty, Califrnia, where 22 measles cases were reprted this mnth, t Brklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-ld caused an utbreak last year.
The resistance t vaccine has cntinued fr decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Thse wh refuse t take that risk selfishly make thers suffer.
Making things wrse are state laws that make it t easy t pt ut(决定不参加) f what are suppsed t be required vaccines fr all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allw parents t get an exemptin（豁免), smetimes just by signing a paper saying they persnally bject t a vaccine.
Nw, several states are mving t tighten laws by adding new regulatins fr pting ut. But n ne des enugh t limit exemptins.
Parents ught t be able t pt ut nly fr limited medical r religius reasns. But persnal pinins? Nt gd enugh. Everyne enjys the life-saving benefits vaccines prvide, but they’ll exist nly as lng as everyne shares in the risks.
65. What is the main reasn fr the cmeback f measles?
A．The veruse f vaccine.
B．The lack f medical care.
C．The features f measles itself.
D．The vaccine pt-uts f sme peple.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段But the disease is making a cmeback, caused by a grwing anti-vaccine mvement and misinfrmatin that is spreading quickly.可知，那些反对注射疫苗的运动和迅速传播的错误信息导致了麻疹疾病的复发，故选D。
8.
Hllywd’s thery that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies f killer rbts is just silly. The real prblem relates t the pssibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may becme extremely gd at achieving smething ther than what we really want. In 1960 a well-knwn mathematician Nrbert Wiener, wh funded the field f cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, t achieve ur purpses, a mechanical agency with whse peratin we cannt effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpse put int the machine is the purpse which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpse has anther quality, ne that we usually assciate with living things: a wish t preserve its wn existence. Fr the machine, this quality is nt in-brn, nr is it smething intrduced by humans; it is a lgical cnsequence f the simple fact that the machine cannt achieve its riginal purpse if it is dead. S if we send ut a rbt with the single instructin f fetching cffee, it will have a strng desire t secure success by disabling its wn ff switch r even killing anyne wh might interfere with its task. If we are nt careful, then, we culd face a kind f glbal chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whse bjectives cnflict with ur wn, with the real wrld as the chessbard.
The pssibility f entering int and lsing such a match shuld cncentrate the minds f cmputer scientists. Sme researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind f firewall, using them t answer difficult questins but never allwing them t affect the real wrld. Unfrtunately, that plan seems unlikely t wrk: we have yet t invent a firewall that is secure against rdinary humans, let alne super intelligent machines.
Slving the safety prblem well enugh t mve frward in AI seems t be pssible but nt easy. There are prbably decades in which t plan fr the arrival f super intelligent machines. But the prblem shuld nt be dismissed ut f hand, as it has been by sme AI researchers. Sme argue that humans and machines can cexist as lng as they wrk in teams—yet that is nt pssible unless machines share the gals f humans. Others say we can just “switch them ff” as if super intelligent machines are t stupid t think f that pssibility. Still thers think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famus physicist Ernest Rutherfrd stated, with cnfidence, “Anyne wh expects a surce f pwer in the transfrmatin f these atms is talking mnshine.” Hwever, n September 12, 1933, physicist Le Szilard invented the neutrn-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reactin.
67. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .
A. run ut f human cntrl
B. satisfy human’s real desires
C. cmmand armies f killer rbts
D. wrk faster than a mathematician
【答案】 A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段The real prblem relates t the pssibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may becme extremely gd at achieving smething ther than what we really want.可知人工智能可能会出现的真正问题是AI会非常擅长取得某个成就而不是我们真正想要的东西，也就是说AI可能会超出人的控制去做一些事情，故选A。
68. Machines with specific purpses are assciated with living things partly because they might be able t .
A. prevent themselves frm being destryed
B achieve their riginal gals independently
C. d anything successfully with given rders
D. beat humans in internatinal chess matches
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句A machine with a specific purpse has anther quality, ne that we usually assciate with living things: a wish t preserve its wn existence.可知，原因是保护它自己的存在的一种愿望，也就是说，它具有有生命的物体的一种品质是因为它要保护自己不被破坏，继续存在下去，故选A。
69. Accrding t sme researchers, we can use firewalls t .
A. help super intelligent machines wrk better
B. be secure against evil human beings
C. keep machines frm being harmed
D. avid rbts’ affecting the wrld
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段using them t answer difficult questins but never allwing them t affect the real wrld.可知可以用防火墙来回答那些困难的问题但是却永远不要让他们影响这个真正的现实世界，故选D。
70. What des the authr think f the safety prblem f super intelligent machines?
A. It will disappear with the develpment f AI.
B. It will get wrse with human interference.
C. It will be slved but with difficulty.
D. It will stay fr a decade.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段可知作者认为解决人工智能机器的安全问题是可能的，但是并不容易，也就是很困难。故选C。
9.
Fifteen years ag, I tk a summer vacatin in Lecce in suthern Italy. After climbing up a hill fr a panramic(全景的) view f the blue sea, white buildings and green live trees, I paused t catch my breath and then psitined myself t take the best pht f this panrama.
Unfrtunately, just as I tk ut my camera, a wman apprached frm behind, and planted herself right in frnt f my view. Like me, this wman was here t stp, sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was, after abut 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the sht I wuld eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it t much t ask her t mve s I culd take just ne picture f the landscape? Sure, I culd have asked her, but smething prevented me frm ding s. She seemed s cntent in her bservatin. I didn’t want t mess with that.
Anther 15 minutes passed and I grew bred. The wman was still there. I decided t take the pht anyway. And nw when I lk at it, I think her presence in the pht is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful n its wn, smehw cmes t life and breathes because this wman is engaging with it.
This pht, with the unique beauty that unflded befre me and that wman wh “ruined” it, nw hangs n a wall in my bedrm. What wuld she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frzen n sme stranger’s bedrm wall? A bedrm, after all, is a very private space, in which sme wman I dn’t even knw has been immrtalized(使……永存). In sme ways, she lives in my huse.
Perhaps we all live in each thers’ space. Perhaps this is what phts are fr: t remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a cmmn desire fr pleasure, fr cnnectin, fr smething that is greater than us.
That pht is a reminder, a captured mment, an unspken cnversatin between tw wmen, separated nly by a thin square f glass.
44. The pht n the bedrm wall enables the authr t better understand ________.
A. the need t be clse t nature
B. the imprtance f private space
C. the jy f the vacatin in Italy
D. the shared passin fr beauty
【答案】D
【解析】根据倒数第二段中Perhaps this is what phts are fr: t remind us that we all appreciate beauty,可以判断出：挂在卧室墙上的照片使作者更好的理解了人们共有的欣赏追求美的激情。故选D。
10.
This mnth, Germany’s transprt minister, Alexander Dbrindt, prpsed the first set f rules fr autnmus vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They wuld define the driver’s rle in such cars and gvern hw such cars perfrm in crashes where lives might be lst.
The prpsal attempts t deal with what sme call the “death valley” f autnmus vehicles: the grey area between semi-autnmus and fully driverless cars that culd delay the driverless future.
Dbrindt wants three things: that a car always chses prperty(财产) damage ver persnal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based n age r race; and that if a human remves his r her hands frm the driving wheel — t check email, say — the car’s maker is respnsible if there is a crash.
“The change t the rad traffic law will permit fully autmatic driving,” says Dbrindt. It will put fully driverless cars n an equal legal fting t human drivers, he says.
Wh is respnsible fr the peratin f such vehicles is nt clear amng car makers, cnsumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest ne f them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University f Leeds, UK.
An assumptin behind UK insurance fr driverless cars, intrduces earlier this year, insists that a human “ be watchful and mnitring the rad” at every mment.
But that is nt what many peple have in mind when thinking f driverless cars. “When yu say ‘driverless cars’, peple expect driverless cars.”Merat says. “Yu knw — n driver.”
Because f the cnfusin, Merat thinks sme car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully autmated withut peratin.
Driverless cars may end up being a frm f public transprt rather than vehicles yu wn, says Ryan Cal at Stanfrd University, Califrnia. That is happening in the UK and Singapre, where gvernment-prvided driverless vehicles are being launched.
That wuld g dwn prly in the US, hwever. “The idea that the gvernment wuld take ver driverless cars and treat them as a public gd wuld get abslutely nwhere here,” says Cal.
47. The prpsal put frward by Dbrindt aims t __________.
A. stp peple frm breaking traffic rules
B. help prmte fully autmatic driving
C. prtect drivers f all ages and races
D. prevent serius prperty damage
【答案】B
【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段的句子The prpsal attempts t deal with what sme call the “death valley” f autnmus vehicles:和第四段内容The change t the rad traffic law will permit fully autmatic driving,” says Dbrindt. It will put fully driverless cars n an equal legal fting t human drivers, he says.可以判断出这个提议被提出是为了推动完全自动化的驾驶。故选B。
题干信息
What des the authr think f：作者态度
new devices：新设备
文体特点
科技说明文：一项研究新旧设备耗能的报告。
原文查找
That's bad news fr the envirnment — and ur wallets — as these utdated devices cnsume much mre energy than the newer nes that d the same things.
信息整合
①做同样的事情旧设备耗能高(cnsume much mre energy)
②旧设备不利于环境保护(bad news fr the envirnment)
③旧设备更浪费钱财(ur wallets)
信息推断
上面旧设备的缺点是在和新设备相比较(than the newer nes)得出的结论，故新设备可以克服以上缺点。
选项分析
A．新设备是环保的(They are envirnment­friendly)；属于正确信息推断。
B．新设备并不比旧设备好(They are n better than the ld)；属于“无中生有”型错误。
C．新设备在家中使用的费用更高(They cst mre t use at hme)；属于“无中生有”型错误。
D．新设备很快就过时了(They g ut f style quickly)；属于“曲解文意”型错误。
得出结论
由以上信息分析可知，A项正确。
细研题干定题型
由题干可知本题是对文章局部(第一段)进行深层理解的考查。
细读语段明大意
地点
公共场合：①电梯中；②在银行排队中；③飞机上
人物
①专注地盯着自己的手机；②苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默中
甄别选项定答案
细研干扰项
A项为原文中的事实，不是推断出的内容。
B项，文中提及的这些行为是否“合适”原文中没有提及，属于“无中生有”型错误。
D项在原文中没有提及，属于“无中生有”型错误。
断定
答案
该段提到在公共场合中，周围都是人的情况下，人们只是专注地盯着自己的手机，或者苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默中，从中可以推断出文章首段描述了陌生人之间缺少交流的现象。故选择C项。
细研题干定题型
文章出处题。
文章内容
本文介绍了丰收的七月给我们带来的多种浆果和核果，并告诉我们这些果实富含的营养成分和可以制作成各种美食。
文章语气
第一段介绍了七月是水果丰富的季节；第二段介绍了各种莓类所含的营养成分；第三、四段介绍各种水果搭配的食用方法。在这一过程中作者使用了客观的语气，通俗易懂的方法，形象地说明了水果搭配的技巧。
确定答案
本文是向大众介绍饮食方法，跟健康有关，应该出自健康杂志。所以B项正确。