新高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题13 议论文体类阅读理解（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题13 议论文体类阅读理解（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题13议论文体类阅读理解原卷版doc、新高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题13议论文体类阅读理解解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共85页， 欢迎下载使用。

一、解题策略
1. 议论文特点分析
议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。议论文的写法通常有以下三种形式：
写法一：正方(甲方)，反方(乙方)，我认为……
写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。
写法三：论点，理由(证据)，重申论点。
议论文的内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。在这类体裁的文章中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多，这也是得分比较难的题型。在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。
2. 能力培养
1. 避免读得太快，做题靠印象和直觉。(要求每一道题回到原文去找答案)
2. 要先看题目，后读文章。(与先读文章，后看题目的比较)
高考材料阅读方法：先通读全文，重点读首段、各段的段首段尾句，然后其他部分可以略读，再审题定位，比较选项，选出答案。要有把握文章的宏观结构、中心句的能力。
3. 阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有：
(1)标志类、指示类的信息。
①表示并列关系：and, als, cupled with等；
②表示转折关系：but, yet, hwever, by cntrast等；
③表示因果关系：therefre, thereby, cnsequently, as a result等；
④表示递进关系：in additin t, even, what’s mre, furthermre等；
⑤表示重要性的词：prime, abve all, first等。
以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握。
具有感情色彩、显示作者态度的词：blind盲目的(贬), excessively过分的(贬), bjective(客观)等。
4. 常见问题：
(1)读不懂怎么？
问题本身太空泛，应该仔细分析问题到底在哪儿。首先要能意识到自身问题所在。
uncnscius incmpetent (无意识无能力)属于问题认知的第一阶段；
cnscius incmpetent (有意识无能力)属于问题认知的第二阶段；
cnscius cmpetent (有意识有能力)属于问题认知的第三阶段；
uncnscius cmpetent (无意识有能力)属于问题认知的第四阶段。
从认知的第三阶段达到第四阶段，是一个反复熟练的过程。
(2)读懂了文章之后还做错题怎么办？
(3)做完了一遍不愿意看第二遍怎么办？
(4)做题技巧用不上怎么办？
能够不由自主地按照正确的思路解题了，才表明我们正确掌握了这些技巧。
在课堂听明白之后，还需要回去自己思考，针对自己的实际进行分析，从而对症下药。
3. 得分要点
解答议论类阅读理解试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：
作者在开始叙述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释，阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以又被称为原因—结果(Cause & Effect)型。还有一种比较常见的是问题—答案型，作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题(相当于一个现象)，然后给出该问题的答案(相当于解释)。针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。
这里强调一点，答题时优先考虑正面答题(直接从文章内容得出答案)，然后从中心、态度或利用解答特征等其他角度对选项进行检验；如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，则从中心和态度方面考虑；次之，从解答特征方面考虑。
考生往往最怕此类体裁。山穷水尽时，记住：首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是答案。
4. 解题方法
1. 把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。
2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。
3. 推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。
二、高考真题
一、2022年高考真题
2022年6月全国乙卷B篇
In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, N. Y. — Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd — traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. The girls had gne t Smith Cllege. They wre expensive clthes. S fr them t mve t Elkhead, Cl. t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted: The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden, wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they g then? Well, they wanted t d smething useful. Sn, hwever, they realized what they had undertaken.
They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning. Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children weeping frm the cld. In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.
In Wickenden’s bk, she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism, which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead. A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms. The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.
Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism (坚忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing. Here is a picture f Drthy Wdruff, n her hrse, lking dwn frm a hill tp: “When the sun slipped behind the muntains, it shed a rsy glw all arund them. Then a full mn rse. The snw was marked nly by small animals: fxes, cytes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
24. Why did Drthy and Rsamnd g t the Rcky Muntains?
A. T teach in a schl.B. T study American histry.
C. T write a bk.D. T d sightseeing.
25. What can we learn abut the girls frm paragraph 3?
A. They enjyed much respect.B. They had a rm with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the lcal kids.D. They suffered severe hardships.
26. Which part f Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate f Auburn.B. The living cnditins in Elkhead.
C. The railrad building in the Rckies.D. The natural beauty f the West.
27. What is the text?
A. A news reprt.B. A bk review.C. A children’s stry.D. A diary entry.
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B
【解析】
这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Drthy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd -traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Drthy Wdruff和Rsamnd Underwd——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Drthy和Rsamnd去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.(这本书以Rsamnd和Drthy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。
2022年6月北京卷D篇
Quantum ( 量子 ) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
31. Regarding Jhnsn’s cncerns, the authr feels ________.
A. sympatheticB. uncncernedC. dubtfulD. excited
32. What leads t Taylr’s ptimism abut quantum cmputing?
A. His dminance in physics.B. The cmpetitin in the field.
C. His cnfidence in PyQuantum.D. The investment f tech cmpanies.
33. What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Open. B. Cl. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B. Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C. Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D. Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
【答案】31 A 32. C 33. A 34. D
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
31.【解析】
推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. （随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. uncncerned不关心的；C. dubtful怀疑的；D. excited激动的。故选A。
32.【解析】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”（ 他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
33.【解析】
词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.”（ 但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prne被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prne意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cl. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
34.【解析】
主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin. This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn.”（ 现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
二、2021年高考真题
1.【2021新高考1卷 D篇】
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal （情感的） intelligence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and "peple skills." Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis （重视）n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives （视角） frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
1.What is a cmmn misunderstanding f emtinal intelligence?
A.It can be measured by an IQ test.B.It helps t exercise a persn's mind.
C.It includes a set f emtinal skills.D.It refers t a persn's psitive qualities.
2. Why des the authr mentin "dctr" and "cheater" in paragraph 2?
A.T explain a rule.B.T clarify a cncept.
C.T present a fact.D.T make a predictin.
3.What is the authr's attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A.Favrable. B.Intlerant. C.Dubtful. D.Unclear.
4.What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning emtinal intelligence?
A.Its appeal t the public.B.Expectatins fr future studies.
C.Its practical applicatin.D.Scientists with new perspectives.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了什么是情商，以及情商普及的优势，同时作者提出了对情商研究是未来期望。
【解析】1..D【解析】细节理解题。根据题干信息misunderstanding定位到第一段：Many peple nw misunderstand… as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup… 分析可知，大多数人认为情商就是构成人性格中几乎所有可取的部分，而后跟的句子such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence… 则是作者在列举一些情商中具体的优良品质。选项D：它指的是一个人的优良品质，是该句的同义替换。故选D。
2.B【解析】推理判断题。根据题干信息的paragraph 2，定位到第二段We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as…；分析可知，我们更喜欢把情商称作是一套特定的技能，它既可以用于好的目的，也可以用于坏的目的。而后作者便分别列举了dctr和cheater用于解释说明 "好目的" 和 "坏目的" 。由此我们可以推测，作者提及dctr和cheater是为了阐明前句所提到的关于情商的概念。故选B。
3.A【解析】推理判断题。根据题干信息ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence定位到第三段：Althugh ppular beliefs regarding… the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. 分析可知，虽然大众对于情商的普遍认知远远超过了目前研究可以支持的观点，但是宣传的总体效果（对于情商的发展研究） 是利大于弊的。而后作者便进一步列举了好处体现在哪些方面（the mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin…）。可知，作者对此态度是正向的、支持的。故选A。
4B【解析】主旨大意题。根据题干信息last paragraph定位到最后一段It is ur hpe that… advances in science will ffer new perspectives frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence… may serve t pint us in the right directin. 分析可知，我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供一个新的视角。而情商也许会给我们指明一个正确的方向。因此可以得知，最后一段作者是在提出对于未来研究的期待和方向。B项中的Expectatins fr future studies.符合题意。故选B。
2.【2021.6 浙江卷 B篇】
We live in a twn with three beaches. There are tw parks less than 10 minutes' walk frm hme where neighburhd children gather t play. Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it fr hurs. They are nt alne. Tday's children spend an average f fur and a half hurs a day lking at screens, split between watching televisin and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag, film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say "chclate" int his three-year-ld sn's ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself "marketing directr fr Nature". He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
"Just five mre minutes utdrs can make a difference, " David Bnd says. "There is a lt f really interesting evidence which seems t be suggesting that if children are inspired up t the age f seven, then being utdrs will be a habit fr life." His wn children have gt int the habit f playing utside nw: "We just send them ut int the garden and tell them nt t cme back in fr a while."
Summer is upn us. There is an amazing wrld ut there, and it needs ur children as much as they need it. Let us get them ut and let them play.
1.What is the prblem with the authr's children?
A.They ften anny the neighburs.
B.They are tired f ding their hmewrk.
C.They have n friends t play with.
D.They stay in frnt f sereens fr t lng.
2.Hw did David Bnd advcate his idea?
A.By making a dcumentary film.
B.By rganizing utdr activities.
C.By advertising in Lndn media.
D.By creating a netwrk f friends.
3.Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd "charts" in paragraph 2?
A.recrds B.predicts C.delays D.cnfirms
4.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.Let Children Have Fun
B.Yung Children Need Mre Free Time
C.Market Nature t Children
D.David Bnd: A Rle Mdel fr Children
【文章大意】本文作者以自己的孩子为例存在着长时间盯着电子屏幕的问题，从而引出了电影导演 David Bnd怎样激励自己的孩子们养成户外活动、锻炼身体的习惯的做法。
1..D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句 "Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it fr hurs." 可知，作者的孩子们放学之后只想看电子屏幕，并盯着看好几个小时，故选D。
2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.“可知，作者记录了自己的旅程，并制作成电影，故选A。
3.A【解析】猜词题。根据第二段最后一句话句意”结果是 Prject Wild Thing，一部描绘了 Wild Netwrk 诞生的电影，Wild Netwrk 是一组以让孩子们融入大自然为共同目标的组织。“可知，本句主要阐述作者拍摄的纪录片Prject Wild Thing记录下了组织Wild Netwrk的诞生，因此recrd（记录、记载）与所猜词汇最为接近，故选A。
4.C【解析】主旨大意题。文章首段阐述现状，即孩子们花太多时间在电子屏幕上，紧接着提到了作者为呼吁孩子们走进大自然拍摄了纪录片，希望孩子们能多花些时间在户外运动上。因此本篇文章主要内容为：向孩子们 "推销" 自然，故选C。
3.【2021.3天津卷B篇】
Abut five weeks ag, I nticed the skin f ur pet lizard（蜥蜴）was grwing dusty. It wrried me. I reprted the strange surface n the skin f the lizard t my husband and children the next mrning. Secnds later, ur lizard emerged frm its tank with its ld skin flwing behind it.
I didn't think abut it much until a mrning last week when I kncked my favrite teapt ff the table. It burst int hundreds f pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wndered why we had been breaking s many things ver the mnths.
The destructin started three mnths ag. It was my husband's birthday. He had just lst his jb. The uncertainty was starting t wear n us, s I wanted t d smething special.
"Let's make a cake fr Dad!" I cried.
My kids screamed with jy. We baked, iced and sprinkled fr mst f the day. Candles n the cake! Ballns n the walls! Flwers n the table!
Tw hurs befre my husband came back hme frm anther jb interview, my daughter climbed up t grab a glass vase frm a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces f glass were everywhere. She sbbed ludly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding fr his birthday.
Three days ag, the light in ur living rm suddenly went ut. After several frustrating hurs f unsuccessful attempts t fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jrdan dcumentary（纪录片）series The Last Dance.
The pignancy（酸楚）f Jrdan retiring frm his belved basketball t play baseball and what had pushed him t make such a tugh decisin tk me by surprise. As I watched him take ff his basketball unifrm and replace it with a baseball unifrm, I saw him leaving behind the layer that n lnger served him, just as ur lizard had. Neither f them chse the mment that had transfrmed them. But they had t live with wh they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have t learn t leave the past behind.
Humans d nt shed skin（蜕皮）as easily as ther animals. The beginning f change is upsetting. The prcess is tiring. Damage changes us befre we are ready. I see ur lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jrdan said that n matter hw it ends, it starts with hpe. With ur tender, hpeful skin, that is where we begin.
1.What can we learn abut the pet lizard frm Paragraph 1?
A.Its tank grew dirty.
B.Its ld skin came ff.
C.It gt a skin disease.
D.It went missing.
2.Why did the authr's husband have banana pudding fr his birthday?
A.The birthday cake was ruined.
B.The authr made gd puddings.
C.Pudding was his favrite dessert.
D.They culdn't affrd a birthday cake.
3.Why des the authr mentin The Last Dance in the passage?
A.T prve a thery.
B.T define a cncept.
C.T develp the theme.
D.T prvide the backgrund.
4.The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understd as .
A.letting g f the past
B.lking fr a new jb
C.getting rid f a bad habit
D.giving up an pprtunity
5.What des the authr mst likely want t tell us?
A.Lve f family helps us survive great hardships.
B.It's nt the end f the wrld if we break things.
C.We shuld mve n n matter what happens.
D.Past experiences shuld be treasured.
1.文章大意：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael Jrdan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后，像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。
1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句 "I reprted the strange surface n the skin f the lizard t my husband and children the next mrning. Secnds later, ur lizard emerged frm its tank with its ld skin flwing behind it.（第二天早上，我向丈夫和孩子们报告了蜥蜴皮肤上奇怪的表面。几秒钟后，我们的蜥蜴从水箱里出来，旧皮肤蜕了下来）" 可知，宠物蜥蜴旧的皮肤脱落了。故选：B。
2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第六段 "Tw hurs befre my husband came back hme frm anther jb interview, my daughter climbed up t grab a glass vase frm a high shelf…My husband had banana pudding fr his birthday.（就在我丈夫参加另一场工作面试回家前两个小时，我女儿爬到一个高高的架子上，抓起一个玻璃花瓶。它掉下来摔碎在蛋糕旁边。到处都是细小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉时，她大声抽泣。我丈夫生日吃了香蕉布丁）" 可知，作者的丈夫过生日吃了香蕉布丁是因为生日蛋糕毁了。故选：A。
3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段 "The pignancy（酸楚）f Jrdan retiring frm his belved basketball t play baseball and what had pushed him t make such a tugh decisin tk me by surprise. …Neither f them chse the mment that had transfrmed them. …Just like us. I realized that we have t learn t leave the past behind.（Jrdan从心爱的篮球退役，转而打棒球，这是多么令人痛心的事情，是什么促使他做出如此艰难的决定，让我感到惊讶。当我看着他脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后）" 以及最后一段 "Jrdan said that n matter hw it ends, it starts with hpe. With ur tender, hpeful skin, that is where we begin.（ Jrdan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点）" 可推知，作者在文章中提到The Last Dance是为了展开文章关于放手过去，重新开始的主题。故选：C。
4.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文 "Neither f them chse the mment that had transfrmed them…Just like us. I realized that we have t learn t leave the past behind.（他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后）" 可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意识到看到他放开了过去，把过去抛在脑后了。即画线词意思是 "放开过去"。故选：A。
5.C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 "Humans d nt shed skin（蜕皮）as easily as ther animals…I see ur lizard, raw and nearly new.（人类不像其他动物那样容易蜕皮。变革的开始令人不安。这个过程很累人。伤害在我们准备好之前就改变了我们。我看到了我们生嫩的、几乎是全新的蜥蜴）" 以及最后一段 "Jrdan said that n matter hw it ends, it starts with hpe. With ur tender, hpeful skin, that is where we begin.（Jrdan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点）" 可推知，作者最有可能想告诉我们无论发生什么，我们都应该继续前进。故选：C。
4.【2021.3天津卷D篇】
There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist. Knwing a little abut a lt f things that interest yu can add t the richness f a whle, well-lived life.
Sciety pushes us t specialize, t becme experts. This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. There is a great deal f pressure t master ne's field. Yu may pursue training, degrees, r increasing levels f respnsibility at wrk. Then yu discver the pressure f having t keep up.
Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. But such cmmitment can als weaken a sense f freedm. These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night, then lk back and realize they wuld have lved t have gne hme and enjyed the sweetness f their family and friends, r traveled t exciting places, meeting interesting peple. Mastering ne thing t the exclusin （排除）f thers can hld back yur true spirit.
Generalists, n the ther hand, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins. They are peple f ability, talent, and enthusiasm wh can bring their brad perspective （视角）int specific fields f expertise（专长）. The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.
Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are. My editr Tni, wh is als a writer, has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy. "I dn't knw where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm n this pursuit."
These expansins int new wrlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin t see the intercnnectedness f ne thing t anther in all aspects f ur life, f urselves and the universe. Develp brad, general knwledge and experience. The universe is all yurs t explre and enjy.
1.T becme a specialist, ne may have t .
A.narrw his range f knwledge
B.avid respnsibilities at wrk
C.knw mre abut the sciety
D.braden his perspective n life
2.The specialists mentined in Paragraph 3 tend t .
A.treasure their freedm
B.travel arund the wrld
C.spend mst time wrking
D.enjy meeting funny peple
3.Accrding t the authr, a superir dctr is ne wh .
A.is fully aware f his talent and ability
B.is a pure specialist in medicine
C.shuld lve petry and philsphy
D.brings knwledge f ther fields t wrk
4.What des the authr intend t shw with the example f Tni?
A.Passin alne des nt ensure a persn's success.
B.In-depth explratin makes discveries pssible.
C.Everyne has a chance t succeed in their pursuit.
D.Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way cnnected.
5.What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A.Be Mre a Generalist Than a Specialist
B.Specialist r Generalist: Hard t Decide
C.Turn a Generalist int a Specialist
D.Ways t Becme a Generalist
本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。
A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二、三句 "This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. （成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。）" 可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。
2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中提到 "Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty…These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night, …(有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。…..这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)" 可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。
3.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句 "The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.（这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。）" 可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。
4.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第五段第一、二句 "Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are. （事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）" 以及下文举出Tni的例子"My editr Tni, wh is als a writer, has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy.（我的编辑Tni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。)"可以推断，作者想通过Tni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。
5A【解析】最佳标题题。文章第一段第一句提出观点 "There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist. （作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才）" 。根据文章第二段第三句 "The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less." 可知，成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深。根据文章第四段第一句 "Generalists, n the ther hand, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins." 可知，当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。根据上述内容可知，作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为 "Be Mre a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）" 。故选A。
三、2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷B篇）
Returning t a bk yu’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an ld friend. There’s a welcme familiarity - but als smetimes a slight suspicin that time has changed yu bth, and thus the relatinship. But bks dn’t change, peple d. And that’s what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.
The beauty f rereading lies in the idea that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present mental register. It’s true, the lder I get, the mre I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all abut the present. It’s abut the nw and what ne cntributes t the nw, because reading is a give and take between authr and reader. Each has t pull their wn weight.
There are three bks I reread annually .The first, which I take t reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Mveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris. The language is almst intxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time. Anther is Annie Dillard’s Hly the Firm, her petic 1975 ramble (随笔) abut everything and nthing. The third bk is Juli Crtazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Pems, because petry. And because Crtazar.
While I tend t buy a lt f bks, these three were given t me as gifs, which might add t the meaning I attach t them. But I imagine that, while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary, rereading an authr’s wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best bks are the nes that pen further as time passes. But remember, it’s yu that has t grw and read and reread in rder t better understand yur friends.
24．Why des the authr like rereading?
A．It evaluates the writer-reader relatinship.
B．It’s a windw t a whle new wrld.
C．It’s a substitute fr drinking with a friend.
D．It extends the understanding f neself.
25．What d we knw abut the bk A Mveable Feast?
A．It’s a brief accunt f a trip.
B．It’s abut Hemingway’s life as a yung man.
C．It’s a recrd f a histric event.
D．It’s abut Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26．What des the underlined wrd ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．Debt
B．Reward.
C．Allwance.
D．Face value.
27．What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A．He lves petry.
B．He’s an editr.
C．He’s very ambitius.
D．He teaches reading.
【答案】24．D25．B26．B27．A
【文章大意】这是一篇社会生活类文章。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But bks dn’t change, peple d. And that’s what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty f rereading lies in that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present register. It is true, the lder I get, the mre I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。
25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Mvable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。
26．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an authr’s wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third bk is Juli Crtázar’s Save Twilight: selected pems, because petry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。
2.（2020·新课标II卷D篇）
I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.
My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld .It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.
I always read ,using different vices ,as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it !It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks .
Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
32．Which wrd best describes the authr’s relatinship with bks as a child?
A．Cperative.B．Uneasy.C．Inseparable.D．Casual.
33．What des the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Pleasure frm wrking in the library.
B．Jy f reading passed n in the family.
C．Wnderment frm acting ut the stries.
D．A clser bnd develped with the readers.
34．What des the authr call n ther writers t d?
A．Spnsr bk fairs.B．Write fr scial media.
C．Supprt libraries.D．Purchase her nvels.
35．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Reading: A Surce f Knwledge
B．My Idea abut writing
C．Library: A Haven fr the Yung
D．My Lve f the Library
【答案】
32．C33．B34．C35．D
【文章大意】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties. I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
33．词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew lder and became a mther可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and bks were ur main surce (来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
35．主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。
3.（2020·新课标III卷C篇）
With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law, she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl - ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing at a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2001t 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.
28．Wh mainly uses the grund flr in the Victrian huse in Bristl?
A．Nick.B．Rita.C．KathrynD．The daughters.
29．What is Nick’s attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther-in -law?
A．Psitive.B．Carefree.C．Tlerant.D．Unwilling.
30．What is the authr’s statement abut multigeneratinal family based n?
A．Family traditins.B．Financial reprts.C．Published statistics.D．Public pinins.
31．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Lifestyles in different cuntries.B．Cnflicts between generatins.
C．A husing prblem in Britain.D．A rising trend f living in the UK.
【答案】28．B 29．A 30．C 31．D
【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。
29．推理判断题。根据第五段“And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。
30．细节理解题。根据第六段“ Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。
4. 【2020·江苏卷，D】
I was in the middle f the Amazn (亚马逊) with my wife, wh was there as a medical researcher. We flew n a small plane t a faraway village. We did nt speak the lcal language, did nt knw the custms, and mre ften than nt, did nt entirely recgnize the fd. We culd nt have felt mre freign.
We were raised n bks and cmputers, highways and cell phnes, but nw we were living in a village withut running water r electricity It was easy fr us t g t sleep at the end f the day feeling a little misunderstd.
Then ne perfect Amaznian evening, with mnkeys calling frm beynd the village green, we played sccer. I am nt gd at sccer, but that evening it was wnderful. Everyne knew the rules. We all spke the same language f passes and shts. We understd ne anther perfectly. As darkness came ver the field and the match ended, the gal keeper, Juan, walked ver t me and said in a matter-f-fact way, “In yur hme, d yu have a mn t?” I was surprised.
After I explained t Juan that yes, we did have a mn and yes, it was very similar t his, I felt a srt f awe (敬畏) at the pssibilities that existed in his wrld. In Juan’s wrld, each village culd have its wn mn. In Juan’s wrld. the unknwn and undiscvered was vast and marvelus. Anything was pssible.
In ur sciety, we knw that Earth has nly ne mn. We have lked at ur planet frm every angle and fund all f the wildest things left t find. I can, frm my cmputer at hme, pull up satellite images f Juan’s village. There are n mre cntinents and n mre mns t search fr, little left t discver. At least it seems that way.
Yet, as I thught abut Juan’s questin, I was nt sure hw much mre we culd really rule ut. I am, in part, an ant bilgist, s my thughts turned t what we knw abut insect life and I knew that much in the wrld f insects remains unknwn. Hw much, thugh? Hw ignrant (无知的) are we? The questin f what we knw and d nt knw cnstantly bthered me.
I began cllecting newspaper articles abut new species, new mnkey, new spider…, and n and n they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a secnd drawer fr mre general discveries: new cave system discvered with dzens f nameless species, fur hundred species f bacteria fund in the human stmach. The secnd drawer began t fill and as it did I wndered whether there were bigger discveries ut there, nt just species, but life that depends n things thught t be useless, life even withut DNA. I started a third drawer fr these big discveries. It fills mre slwly, but all the same, it fills.
In lking int the stries f bilgical discvery, I als began t find smething else, a cllectin f scientists, usually brilliant ccasinally half-mad, wh made the discveries. Thse scientists very ften see the same things that ther scientists see, but they pay mre attentin t them, and they fcus n them t the pint f exhaustin (穷尽), and at the risk f the ridicule f their peers. In lking fr the stries f discvery, I fund the stries f these peple and hw their lives changed ur view f the wrld.
We are repeatedly willing t imagine we have fund mst f what is left t discver. We used t think that insects were the smallest rganisms (生物), and that nthing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when smething new turns up, mre ften than nt, we d nt even knw its name.
65. Hw did the authr feel n his arrival in the Amazn?
A. Out f place.B. Full f jy.C. Sleepy.D. Regretful.
66. What made that Amaznian evening wnderful?
A. He learned mre abut the lcal language.
B. They had a nice cnversatin with each ther.
C. They understd each ther while playing.
D. He wn the sccer game with the gal keeper.
67. Why was the authr surprised at Juan’s questin abut the mn?
A. The questin was t straightfrward.
B. Juan knew s little abut the wrld.
C. The authr didn’t knw hw t answer.
D. The authr didn’t think Juan was sincere.
68. What was the authr’s initial purpse f cllecting newspaper articles?
A. T srt ut what we have knwn.
B. T deepen his research int Amaznians.
C. T imprve his reputatin as a bilgist.
D. T learn mre abut lcal cultures.
69. Hw did thse brilliant scientists make great discveries?
A. They shifted their viewpints frequently.
B. They fllwed ther scientists clsely.
C. They ften criticized their fellw scientists.
D. They cnducted in-depth and clse studies.
70. What culd be the mst suitable title fr the passage?
A. The Pssible and the Impssible .
B. The Knwn and the Unknwn .
C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized .
D. The Ignrant and the Intelligent.
【答案】65. A 66. C67. B68. A69. D70. B
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程中，作者意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。
65. 推理判断题。根据第一段“We didn’t speak the lcal language, did nt knw the custms and mre ften than nt, didn’t entirely recgnize the fd. We culdn’t have felt mre freign.”可知，我们不会说当地的语言，不了解当地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可知，作者一到达亚马逊感觉格格不入。故选A项。
66. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Everyne knew the rules. We all spke the same language f passes and shts. We understd ne anther perfectly.”可知，每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方面，我们说着同样的语言，彼此非常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C项。
67. 推理判断题。根据第四段“In Juan’s wrld, the unknwn and undiscvered was vast and marvelus.”可知，在胡安的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。由此判断，胡安对这个世界知之甚少。故选B项。
68. 推理判断题。根据第七段“I began cllecting newspaper articles abut new species, new spider...,and n and n they appear, my drawer quickly filled, I began a secnd drawer fr mre general discveries: new cave system discvered with dzens f nameless species started a third drawer fr these big discveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。
69. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“but they pay mre attentin t them ,and they fcus n them t the pint f exhaustin ,and at the risk f the ridicule f their peers.”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现，他们把注意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家进行深入细致的研究，做出重大的发现。故选D项。
70. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者和妻子来到了亚马逊。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解到一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在对这里的风土人情和多样化生物的研究过程中，作者提高了认识，意识到很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。所以短文的最佳标题为“已知和未知的事物”。故选B项。
5. 【2020·天津卷，D】
After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.
Tgether, these deep human urges (驱策力) cunt fr much mre that ambitin. Galile was nt merely ambitius when he drpped bjects f varying weights frm the Leaning Twer at Pisa and timed their fall t the grund. Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”
Frtunately, curisity and discntent dn’t have t be learned. We are brn with them and need nly recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he wh des nt lse his child’s heart.” Yet mst f us d lse it. We stp asking questins. We stp challenging custm. We just fllw the crwd. And the crwd desires restful average. It encurages us t ccupy ur wn little crner, t avid flish leaps int the dark, t be satisfied.
Mst f us meet new peple, and new ideas, with hesitatin. But nce having met and liked them, we think hw terrible it wuld have been, had we missed the chance. We will prbably have t frce urselves t waken ur curisity and discntent and keep them awake.
Hw shuld yu start? Mdestly, s as nt t becme discuraged. I think f ne friend wh culdn’t arrange flwers t satisfy herself. She was curius abut hw the experts did it. Hw she is ne f the experts, writing bks n flwer arrangement.
One way t begin is t answer yur wn excuses. Yu haven’t any special ability? Mst peple dn’t; there are nly a few geniuses. Yu haven’t any time? That’s gd, because it’s always the peple with n time wh get things dne. Harriet Stwe, mther f six, wrte parts f Uncle Tm’s Cabin while cking. Yu’re t ld? Remember that Thmas Cstain was 57 when he published his first nvel, and that Grandma Mses shwed her first pictures when she was 78.
Hwever yu start, remember there is n better time t start than right nw, fr yu’ll never be mre alive than yu are at this mment.
51. In writing Paragraph 1, the authr aims t ________.
A. prpse a definitin
B. make a cmparisn
C. reach a cnclusin
D. present an argument
52. What des the example f Galile tell us?
A. Trial and errr leads t the finding f truth.
B. Scientists tend t be curius and ambitius.
C. Creativity results frm challenging authrity.
D. Greatness cmes frm a lasting desire t explre.
53. What can yu d t recapture curisity and discntent?
A. Observe the unknwn arund yu.
B. Develp a questining mind.
C. Lead a life f adventure.
D. Fllw the fashin.
54. What can we learn frm Paragraphs 6 and 7?
A. Gaining success helps yu becme an expert.
B. The genius tends t get things dne creatively.
C. Lack f talent and time is n reasn fr taking n actin.
D. Yu shuld remain mdest when appraching perfectin.
55. What culd be the best tile r the passage?
A. Curius Minds Never Feel Cntented
B. Reflectins n Human Nature
C. The Keys t Achievement
D. Never T Late t Learn
【答案】51. D52. D53. B54. C55. C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
51. 推理判断题。根据第一段内容After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。
52. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。
53. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”及第四段中的“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he wh des nt lse his child’s heart.” Yet mst f us d lse it. We stp asking questins. We stp challenging custm. We just fllw the crwd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。
54. 推理判断题。根据第六段中的Hw she is ne f the experts, writing bks n flwer arrangement.及第七段中的Yu haven’t any special ability? Mst peple dn’t; there are nly a few geniuses. Yu haven’t any time? That’s gd, because it’s always the peple with n time wh get things dne.以及列举了Thmas Cstain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Mses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。
55. 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项The Keys t Achievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。
三、模拟演练
1、
Vlunteering means wrking fr free t help smene else. Mrs. Obama says vlunteering is very imprtant. "It shuld be part f everyne's life,"she says.
Many teens agree. They say that helping thers feels great and makes a difference. These days, mre teensvlunteer than wrk fr pay. Teens clean up parks, walk dgs at animal shelters, visit the elderly, and mre.
Sme cities— including Seattle, Chicag, and Washingtn, D．C．— require high schl students t vlunteer. Students must vlunteer in rder t graduate. The student vlunteers learn new skills and help their cmmunities( 社区).
Many parents subscribe t the idea they say vlunteering helps teens build jb skills. But mst teens dn't want t be frced t vlunteer. They say they are busy. And they say vlunteering is nly fun if it's a chice.
Read bth sides f the debate and decide.
Yes
Vlunteering can help teens get int cllege r get a jb.
Many cities and twns need help. Vlunteers can help keep imprtant prgrams ging.
Nt all teens will vlunteer if it isn't required. Schls shuld require students t d all they can t get ready fr adult life.
N
Mst teens are already very busy with classes, hmewrk, jbs, and sprts. Frcing them t d mre isn't fair.
It shuld be up t each persn. Helping desn't feel gd if yu must d it.
Finding a vlunteer jb isn't always easy. Students shuldn't be kept frm graduating because f smething they can't cntrl.
12．It is knwn frm the text that in Washingtn.D．C．___________.
A．everyne wuld like t vlunteer
B．finding a vlunteer jb is nt difficult
C．vlunteering is a must fr cllege students
D．high schl students wn't graduate if they dn't vlunteer
13．What des the underlined phrase "subscribe t" in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Crrect.B．Like.C．Stress.D．Review.
14．Hw des the "N" side feel abut vlunteer jbs?
A．Vlunteer jbs waste students' precius(宝贵的) time.
B．Vlunteer jbs wn't help teens prepare fr their adult life.
C．Vlunteer jbs are nt as imprtant as students' hmewrk.
D．Students shuldn't be stpped frm graduatin because f nt vlunteering.
15．What des the text mainly talk abut?
A．Wh are best t d vlunteer jbs.
B．Whether vlunteering is gd fr students.
C．What kind f vlunteer jbs students shuld d.
D．Whether students shuld be required t vlunteer.
【答案】
12．D
13．B
14．D
15．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文通过米歇尔·奥巴马引出自愿者这个话题，进而介绍了自愿者工作的情况，并且讨论了学生是否应该被要求做自愿者。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Sme cities—including Seattle, Chicag, and Washingtn, D.C.—require high schl students t vlunteer. Students must vlunteer in rder t graduate.(一些城市——包括西雅图，芝加哥和华盛顿特区——需要高中生做志愿者。为了毕业学生必须要做志愿工作)”可知，在华盛顿特区，志愿者是高中生必须做的，否则不准毕业。故选D项。
13．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句中“they say vlunteering helps teens build jb skills”可知，许多父母认为志愿者活动帮助青少年提高工作技能，由此可知，许多父母应是同意这个想法，画线短语“ subscribe t”意为 “赞成，同意”，与选项中Like(喜欢)意思接近，故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Students shuldn't be kept frm graduating because f smething they can't cntrl.(学生不应该因为一些他们无法控制的事情而被阻止毕业)”可知，反对方认为学生们不应该因为不参加志愿者活动而被阻止毕业，故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，本文通过米歇尔·奥巴马引出自愿者这个话题，进而介绍了自愿者工作的情况，并结合第五段“Read bth sides f the debate and decide.(读一读双方的辩论再决定)”可知，这篇文章主要讨论学生们是否应该被要求做志愿者，故选D项。
2、
Despite being used by 1.34 billin peple each year, traveling n the Tube in Lndn can actually be quite lnely. An unwritten rule encuraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve, means that even thugh yu’re packed int enclsed space wit hundreds f ther peple, the mrning trip can leave yu feeling smewhat lnely.
One Lndn resident, hwever, is trying t change this. “Yu get n the Tube here and it’s cmpletely silent and it’s strange,” says Jnathan Dunne, an American living in Lndn, wh has started a campaign f giving ut badges (徽章) with the slgan “Tube Chat?” last mnth, encuraging travelers in Lndn t get talking t ne anther.
Althugh Dunne says he’s received mstly psitive respnses, there are always exceptins.
Lndner Brian Wilsn respnded with a campaign f his wn, handing ut 500 badges with the wrds “Dn’t even think abut it” n them. “ I can’t stand the idea f having t talk t strangers n the Tube n my way t wrk,” he said.
Michael Rbinsn, a student frm Lndn, agrees. “Being n the Tube is the nly peace and quiet sme peple get n their jurneys t and frm wrk. It desn’t need t be spiled by peple cming up and chatting t yu,” he says.
“Peple assume that I just walk up and talk t strangers, which I dn’t, but it’s been a great way t meet peple yu wuld never have nrmally spken t,” Dunne says.S if yu ever end up using public transprt in Lndn, why nt say hell t the persn next t yu? Just make sure t check fr a badge first.
12．Which partly leads t the silence n the Tube in Lndn?
A．The gvernment’s rule.B．Peple’s desire fr quiet.
C．British peple’s persnality.D．Awareness f persnal privacy.
13．What can the badge with “Tube Chat?” be seen as?
A．A request fr keeping silent.B．A special way f greeting smene.
C．A signal f aviding being disturbed.D．An encuragement t start a cnversatin.
14．Why des the authr mentin Brian and Micheal?
A．T stress the imprtance f cmmunicatin.
B．T shw nt everyne agrees with Dunne’s idea.
C．T prve Lndners are speechless n the Tube.
D．T state the disadvantages f chatting with strangers.
15．What’s the best tile fr the passage?
A．Silence n the Tube!
B．Tube Chat r Nt
C．Lnely Travel in the Lndn Tube
D．Tube Passengers Wearing Badges
【答案】
12．C
13．D
14．B
15．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章首先指出了伦敦地铁上因为人们相互间并不交流而显得安静、孤独，因此一个本地人Jnathan Dunne提出一项倡导在地铁上聊天的运动，此举受到人们积极的回应，但也有人提出反对。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“An unwritten rule encuraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve, means that even thugh yu’re packed int enclsed space wit hundreds f ther peple, the mrning trip can leave yu feeling smewhat lnely.”（英国有一条不成文的规定，鼓励人们保持沉默，并带有典型的英式矜持。这意味着，即使你和成百上千的人挤在一个封闭的空间里，早晨的旅行也会让你感到有些孤独）可知，地铁上气氛沉闷的原因，是与英国人内向、寡言少语的性格有关。故选C项。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“wh has started a campaign f giving ut badges with the slgan"Tube Chat"last mnth, encuraging travelers in Lndn t get talking t ne anther（上个月他开始了一项运动，发放带有“Tube Chat?”标语的徽章，以此鼓励伦敦的游人们与别人聊天）”可知，试图改变地铁上气氛沉闷这一现状的伦敦居民Dunne提出了倡议人们在地铁上主动发起聊天的运动，徽章上的标语“要在地铁上聊天吗？”就是鼓励游客们与他人聊天。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段“Althugh Dunne says he’s received mstly psitive respnses, there are always exceptins.”可知，尽管Dunne的倡议受到很多人的肯定，但也有反对的声音，紧接着就给出了Brian和Michael的反对意见，提到他们就是为了佐证这一点，与B选项“并不是每个人都同意Dunne的想法”说法一致。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。总览全文可知，文章从伦敦地铁上人们寡言少语、缺乏交流的现象出发，围绕着是否应该改变这种现状给出了不同的看法、意见，B选项“地铁是否聊天”中包含话题中心词Tube chat一词，也表达出了议论的话题，适合作为标题。故选B项。
3、
The playing field is never even r equal. Yur skills and attitude play a majr rle in the utcme. Knwing what yu can d t have an advantage can make the difference between success and failure.
My kids tell me it's unfair t play with the big children. I tell them that's right. Unfairness is a gd thing. There is mre t be gained by the effrt when things seem unfair. It is true that many things in the wrld are unfair. But unfair things usually can be a bn t yu. Fr example, the early bird catches the wrm. It is unfair that the bird that sleeps in misses ut n breakfast but it is nice t knw that if it gets up early it is sure t get the wrm.
I always try t explain t my kids that cmplaining abut hw unfair smething is will get them nwhere. Instead, make the mst ut f it and get n the ther side f it. Once yu d that yu are in the advantage. Abve all, yu have t fcus n gaining that unfair advantage and in rder t d that, build yur inner strength, When yu empwer （武装） yurself, yu are gaining skills r abilities， cnfidence and self-esteem （自尊）.
Yu shuld lk at yur place in the wrld. Where d yu want t be financially, spiritually, emtinally, and physically ? Yu are creating yur wn stry when yu empwer yurself.
Yu can build all the advantages that yu need t live the life that yu want. If yu haven't yet, yu need t make a list f all the things yu want t experience in yur new life. This will help yu fcus n building advantages s that yu never have t say that it's Nt Fair. When yu d this then yu will be able t realize that unfairness is a gd thing and yu will want t teach thse arund yu t see unfairness in this way t.
12．What dcs the underlined wrd "bn" in Paragraph 2 prbably mean ?
A．Smething that is very terrible.B．Smething that is very helpful
C．Smething that is very kindD．Smething that is very scared
13．What can we infer frm the example f the playing field used by the authr?
A．The authr wants t intrduce his tpic
B．The authr wants t supprt his pinin
C．He wants tell us that having an advantage is needed
D．He wants t shw skills and attitudes are imprtant in playing games
14．What is the best way t deal with unfairness accrding t the authr?
A．Just accept it.B．Thy t change it.
C．Simply ignre it.D．Make gd use f it.
15．Yu are tld t lk at yur place in the wrld in rder t ________.
A．make yurself betterB．be prud f yurself
C．have mre cnfidenceD．knw thers' advantages
【答案】
12．B
13．A
14．D
15．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为不公平是普遍存在的现象，但不公平是有益处的。在竞争中，你的技能和态度对结果起着重要作用。知道你可以做什么来获得优势可以决定成功和失败。
12．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Fr example, the early bird catches the wrm. It is unfair that the bird that sleeps in misses ut n breakfast but it is nice t knw that if it gets up early it is sure t get the wrm.”（例如，早起的鸟有虫吃。睡懒觉的鸟错过了早餐是不公平的，但很高兴知道，如果它起得早，肯定会吃到虫子。）由此可知，公平的事情通常会给你带来益处。由此可知，划线词的意思是“有益处的东西”。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“The playing field is never even r equal. Yur skills and attitude play a majr rle in the utcme. Knwing what yu can d t have an advantage can make the difference between success and failure”（竞技场从来就不是平等的。你的技能和态度对结果起着重要作用。知道你可以做什么来获得优势可以决定成功和失败。）根据第二段“Unfairness is a gd thing. There is mre t be gained by the effrt when things seem unfair. It is true that many things in the wrld are unfair.”（ 不公平是件好事。当事情看起来不公平的时候，努力会得到更多。的确，世界上很多事情都是不公平的。）由此判断出，竞技场的例子是为了介绍主题。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“I always try t explain t my kids that cmplaining abut hw unfair smething is will get them nwhere. Instead, make the mst ut f it and get n the ther side f it.” （我总是向我的孩子们解释，抱怨不公平的事情会让他们一事无成。相反，充分利用它。）由此可知，根据作者的观点，处理不公平的最好方法是充分利用它。故选D项。
15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Yu shuld lk at yur place in the wrld. Where d yu want t be financially, spiritually, emtinally, and physically ? Yu are creating yur wn stry when yu empwer yurself.”（ 你应该看看你在世界上的位置。你想在经济上、精神上、情感上和身体上处于什么位置?当你赋予自己力量时，你正在创造自己的故事。）由此判断出，你被告知要看看你在这个世界上的位置，以便使自己更好。故选A项。
4、
Nwadays medical technlgy seems t be advanced enugh fr dctrs t perfrm brain transplants (移植). Thugh this prcedure has nly been successfully perfrmed n animals s far, dctrs are still hping t perfrm this prcedure n humans. Hwever, in my pinin, brain transplants shuld nt be perfrmed at all, especially nt n humans because f the large number f prblems and side effects that culd cme alng with. Hpefully these dangerus side effects will cnvince dctrs nt t perfrm this prcedure n humans.
Despite many benefits technlgy brings, I d nt think this medical technlgy f brain transplants will help. We were all brn with ne brain and thrugh childhd t adlescence ur mind develped int wh we are, s if with a different brain we wuld n lnger be unique. A persn with a different brain wuld seem t be a ttal stranger and in many ways they wuld be. N ne shuld steal ur identity frm us, even if we are seriusly injured, and change it t a cmpletely new ne. Als fr the peple wh have died with healthy brains, that was their identity and it shuld nt be given t anyne else.
Anther prblem with brain transplants is hw dctrs can chse what are “healthy” r “nrmal” brains. An elderly persn wh has died wuld have an aged brain that wuld nt be as efficient as a yunger persn’s brain. Then wuld dctrs have t find healthy brains f the same age as the persn wh needs it? This culd als bring up ther factrs such as intelligence, gender, r physical prblems that a persn might have had befre death. Als anther prblem might be hw lng a brain can be kept “alive” after death and hw it can be kept “alive” withut damage.
Overall, my feelings abut this surgery are that it shuld nt be dne n humans until dctrs have vercme all the prblems and bstacles (障碍) that stand in their way f making human brain transplants successful.
12．Why des the authr think brain transplants shuld nt be perfrmed at all?
A．The cst f the surgery is extremely high.
B．Dctrs are nt able t perfrm brain transplants.
C．A gd many prblems and side effects may arise.
D．This prcedure has nly been successful n animals.
13．What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．Peple shuldn’t give their healthy brains t thers.
B．Having a brain transplant means lsing ne’s identity.
C．Transplanting brains is changing ld brains int new nes.
D．Having brain transplants indicates stealing identity frm thers.
14．What d we knw abut “healthy” brains?
A．Aged brains aren’t healthy brains.B．Yung brains are always healthy.
C．Healthy brains cannt be kept “alive”.D．It’s very difficult t tell healthy brains.
15．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the passage?
A．T encurage brain dnatin.
B．T stress the imprtance f brain peratin.
C．T argue against brain transplants n humans.
D．T intrduce the technlgy f brain transplants.
【答案】
12．C
13．B
14．D
15．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。虽然医疗技术越来越发达，在动物身上已经成功实施了脑部移植，但是作者认为不应该进行脑部移植，尤其是人类脑部移植。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hwever, in my pinin, brain transplants shuld nt be perfrmed at all, especially nt n humans because f the large number f prblems and side effects that culd cme alng with.”可知，作者认为完全不应该做脑部移植手术，尤其是在人类身上，因为可能会随之而来大量的问题和副作用。故选C项。
13．段落大意题。根据第二段内容，尤其是“We were all brn with ne brain and thrugh childhd t adlescence ur mind develped int wh we are, s if with a different brain we wuld n lnger be unique.(我们生来都只有一个大脑，从童年到青年，我们的思想逐渐形成现在的自己，所以如果我们有个不同的大脑，我们将不再独特)”及“Als fr the peple wh have died with healthy brains, that was their identity and it shuld nt be given t anyne else.(同样，对于有健康大脑而去世的人，那是他们的身份，不应该给其他任何人)”可知，第二段主要讲做脑部移植意味着失去自己的身份，故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Anther prblem with brain transplants is hw dctrs can chse what are “healthy” r “nrmal” brains.(脑部移植的另一个问题是，医生如何选择什么是“健康的”或者“正常的”大脑)可知，很难辨别“健康的”大脑。故选D项。
15．推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段中作者提出自己的观点“in my pinin, brain transplants shuld nt be perfrmed at all, especially nt n humans(我认为，完全不应该做脑部移植手术，尤其是在人类身上)”，接下来具体分析为什么不赞成脑部移植，最后一段作者再次强调“it shuld nt be dne n humans…(它不应该在人类身上实施……)”，所以本文的目的是反对人类脑部移植。故选C项。
5、
Thirteen-year-ld Kaylee has a lt f friends—532, actually, if yu cunt up her nline friends. And she spends a lt f time with them.
But is it pssible that Kaylee’s nline friendships culd be making her lnely? That’s what sme experts believe. Cnnecting nline is a great way t stay in tuch, they say. Hwever, sme experts wrry that many kids are s busy cnnecting nline that they might be missing ut n true friendships.
Culd this be true? During yur parents’ childhds, cnnecting with friends usually meant spending time with them in the flesh. Kids played Scrabble arund a table, nt Wrds With Friends n their phnes. When friends missed each ther, they picked up the telephne. Friends might even write letters t each ther.
Tday, mst cmmunicatin takes place nline. A typical teen sends 2,000 texts a mnth and spends mre than 44 hurs per week in frnt f a screen. Much f this time is spent n scial media platfrms(平台).
In fact, in many ways, nline cmmunicatin can make friendships strnger, “There’s definitely a psitive influence. Kids can stay in cnstant cntact, which means they can share mre f their feelings with each ther,” says Katie Davis, c-authr f The App Generatin.
Other experts, hwever, warn that t much nline cmmunicatin can get in the way f frming deep friendships. “If we are cnstantly checking in with ur virtual wrds, we will have little time fr ur real-wrld friendships.” says Larry Rsen, a prfessr at Califrnia State University. Rsen als wrries that tday’s kids might mistake the “friends” n the scial media fr true friends in life. Hwever, in tugh times, yu dn’t need smene t like yur picture r share yur blgs. Yu need smene wh will keep yur secrets and hld yur hand. Yu wuld like t talk face t face.
12．What is the purpse f the first paragraph?
A．T summarize the text.
B．T tell abut true friends.
C．T bring up a discussin.
D．T encurage nline friendship.
13．What des the underlined part “in the flesh” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．In any case.B．In persn.
C．In full measure.D．In advance.
14．What is Katie’s attitude twards nline cmmunicatin?
A．Wrried.B．Uncncerned.C．Cnfused.D．Psitive.
15．What view des Rsen hld?
A．It’s wise t turn t friends nline.
B．It’s easier t develp friendships in reality.
C．Teenagers need fcus n real-wrld friendships.
D．Scial media help peple stay clsely cnnected.
【答案】
12．C
13．B
14．D
15．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。现在的青少年把更多的时间用于网上交友，这样的现象让专家很担忧。专家认为青少年如果不断地关注虚拟世界，他们将几乎没有时间在现实世界建立真正的友谊。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Thirteen-year-ld Kaylee has a lt f friends — 532, actually, if yu cunt up her nline friends. And she spends a lt f time with them.(13岁的凯莉有很多朋友——事实上，如果你把她的网上朋友加起来，有532个。她花了很多时间和他们在一起。)”和第二段的“But is it pssible that Kaylee’s nline friendships culd be making her lnely?（但有没有可能她网络上的朋友让她感到孤独呢？）”可知，第一段阐述了在网络上有很多朋友的现象，而第二段就此现象提出了一个疑问。由此推知，第一段目的是提出一个讨论的话题，从而引出下文对于这个话题的讨论。故选C项。
13．词义猜测题。根据画线短语前的“During yur parent’s childhds(在你们父母的童年时期)”和画线短语后的“Kids played Scrabble arund a table, nt Wrds With Friends n their phnes.(孩子们围着桌子玩拼字游戏，而不是和朋友们用手机玩文字游戏。)”可知，在你父母的童年时期，与朋友相处通常意味着亲自花时间与他们在一起。孩子们围着桌子玩拼字游戏，而不是在手机上玩Wrds With Friends。由此推知，in the flesh意为“亲自”，故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“In fact, in many ways, nline cmmunicatin can make friendships strnger, ‘There’s definitely a psitive influence. Kids can stay in cnstant cntact, which means they can share mre f their feelings with each ther’ (事实上，在很多方面，网上交流可以让友谊更加牢固。‘这绝对有积极的影响。孩子们可以经常联系，这意味着他们可以更多地分享彼此的感受。’)” 可推知，Katie对网络交流持乐观态度。故选D项。
15．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Other experts, hwever, warn that t much nline cmmunicatin can get in the way f frming deep friendships. “If we are cnstantly checking in with ur virtual wrds, we will have little time fr ur real-wrld friendships.” says Larry Rsen, a prfessr at Califrnia State University. Rsen als wrries that tday’s kids might mistake the “friends” n the scial media fr true friends in life. (然而，其他专家警告说，过多的网上交流可能会妨碍建立深厚的友谊。如果我们不断地使用虚拟世界的语言，我们就没有多少时间来处理现实世界中的友谊了。加州州立大学教授拉里·罗森说。罗森还担心，现在的孩子可能会把社交媒体上的“朋友”误认为生活中真正的朋友。)”可知，如果我们不断关注我们的虚拟世界，我们将几乎没有时间留给现实世界的友谊。Rsen担心孩子们可能会把社交媒体上的朋友错当成生活中真正的朋友。由此推知，Rsen认为青少年需要关注现实世界的友谊。故选C项。
6、
Psychlgical stress is likely t surface during a human missin t Mars. Prf Jeff Jhnsn thinks an n-bard “cmedian” culd keep spirits up during the lng jurney. He is drawing n his research n the differing teambuilding appraches f cmpeting plar explrers Rald Amundsen and Rbert Falcn Sctt t prve his pint. Amundsen’s team made it t the Suth Ple and back while Sctt’s died n the return jurney.
Well, Rald Amundsen actually put peple thrugh tests befre they set ff t make sure that they wuld take rders and, in particular, whether they wuld challenge any f them. Amundsen wuld set up situatins where there wuld be an ambiguus cntext t see what their respnses wuld be, and if smebdy questined him, they were ut. Hwever, if yu read Amundsen’s diary, he writes that Lindstrøm, the ck, was basically the mst imprtant persn n the expeditin.
Lindstrøm was the cmedian. He didn’t actually g t the Suth Ple, but yu’ve gt t remember that the walking expeditin was a small cmpnent f the verall time that they were n the ice. They were there fr well ver a year, waiting t walk t the Ple. They had t wait during the winter and it’s a very tense time when peple are idle (懒散的). Lindstrøm played an essential rle in keeping the peace in the grup when there were tense mments, and he wuld d smething funny t get everybdy t laugh, which wuld break the tensin.
There are individuals wh have these certain natural abilities that yu want t be able t recgnize and include when yu’re putting tgether grups that are ging t be islated, such as thse ging int space. There are a number f different rles that we’ve discvered are imprtant, but ne f them is smebdy wh has humur. That’s clearly imprtant. S, yu’d want t have smebdy like Lindstrøm, smebdy wh is nt nly gd at what they have t d (he was a very gd ck) but wh als has anther skillset beynd what’s in the jb descriptin.
We can put peple tgether thinking that they’re ging t wrk tgether in a certain way, but ver the curse f time a crisis is bund t happen. There are the kinds f things that make grups mre adaptable and help them functin better. Yu can think abut it in terms f atms: when yu put different elements tgether, they prduce different kinds f things. It’s the same with peple. They may have their wn characteristics, but when yu put them tgether, they’re ging t create a different kind f situatin and we want t have a better idea f what that might be.
4．By cmparing Amundsen with Sctt, the authr intends t __________.
A．cntradict his previus statementsB．intrduce the tpic f the passage
C．illustrate the imprtance f a cmedianD．emphasize the necessity f team spirits
5．What was the very quality Amundsen was valuing in his interview?
A．Willingness t take rders.B．Optimism abut success.
C．Eagerness t make prgress.D．Curisity abut mysteries.
6．Fr what reasn was Lindstrøm regarded as a key figure n the expeditin?
A．He went against the cmmand f the Amundsen in every circumstance.
B．He culd make up many jkes abut ther team members t ease tensin.
C．Besides cking tasty dishes, he was capable f easing tensin when it arse.
D．When a vacancy appeared, he was always ready t fill it in and made it wrk.
7．Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A．Cmedians, keys t landing n MarsB．Atms, rles f members in a team
C．Teamwrk, secret t verall successD．Amundsen, example fr grup leaders
【答案】
4．C
5．A
6．C
7．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是在人类的火星任务中，杰夫•约翰逊教授认为，一名机上的“喜剧演员”可以在长途旅行中保持精神抖擞。“喜剧演员”成为了登陆火星的关键。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段的Prf Jeff Jhnsn thinks an n-bard “cmedian” culd keep spirits up during the lng jurney. He is drawing n his research n the differing team building appraches f cmpeting plar explrers Rald Amundsen and Rbert Falcn Sctt t prve his pint. 杰夫•约翰逊教授认为，一个在船（或飞机、车）上的“喜剧演员”可以在长途旅行中保持精神抖擞。他利用自己对极地探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森(Rald Amundsen)和罗伯特·法尔肯·斯科特(Rbert Falcn Sctt)不同团队建设方法的研究来证明自己的观点。由此可以推知，通过比较阿蒙森和斯科特，作者试图说明“喜剧演员”的重要性。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段的Well, Rald Amundsen actually put peple thrugh tests befre they set ff t make sure that they wuld take rders罗尔德·阿蒙森(Rald Amundsen)让人们在出发前进行测试，以确保他们会接受命令，由此可知，阿蒙森在面试中看重的品质是愿意接受命令，故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段的Lindstrøm, the ck, was basically the mst imprtant persn n the expeditin.可知Lindstrøm是一个厨师，以及第三段的Lindstrøm played an essential rle in keeping the peace in the grup when there were tense mments, and he wuld d smething funny t get everybdy t laugh, which wuld break the tensin. Lindstrøm在团队里在保持平静这方面扮演了一个至关重要的角色，当面对紧张时刻时，他会做一些有趣的让每个人都笑，将这紧张打破。Lindstrøm被视为一个关键人物是因为除了烹饪美味佳肴，他还能在紧张情绪出现时缓解紧张情绪。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第一段的Psychlgical stress is likely t surface during a human missin t Mars. Prf Jeff Jhnsn thinks an n-bard “cmedian” culd keep spirits up during the lng jurney. 在人类的火星任务中，心理压力很可能会浮出水面。杰夫•约翰逊教授认为，一名机上的“喜剧演员”可以在长途旅行中保持精神抖擞。可知“喜剧演员”，登上火星的关键可以是文章最好的标题，故选A。
7、
Cyberspace （网络空间）is cnstantly develping and presenting new pprtunities, as the desire f businesses t quickly adpt new technlgies, such as using the Internet t pen new channels and adpting clud services, prvides vast pprtunity. But, it als brings unexpected risks and unintended cnsequences that can have a ptentially negative effect.
Hardly a day ges by withut news f a new cyber threat. Unfrtunately, businesses tend t misjudge hw much risk they face frm cyber-crimes and hw quickly this risk can develp. Fr them, the cmmercial, reputatinal and financial risks that g with cyberspace presence are real and grwing every day.
S all businesses need t d nw is establish cyber security within their rganizatin, right?
Establishing cyber security alne is nt enugh. Nwadays, it is nt very difficult fr attackers t break security and stp the verall business system. Preventive measures are nt enugh t stp them. With the advancement f technlgy, hackers （黑客）have been changing and develping. S business risk management shuld include risk resilience （复原力）s that businesses can respnd t any damaging cyberspace activity. Cyber resilience helps businesses successfully recver t their pre-attack business prcesses and business peratins.
Building cyber resilience is nt easy. A key finding f an authentic cyber-resilience reprt is that n rganisatin can respnd effectively n its wn t the threats frm cyberspace. Organisatins must wrk tgether t share intelligence and resurces. In this way, the quality, usability and authenticity f intelligence will be greatly imprved.
12．What is the purpse f the first paragraph?
A．T describe the develpment f cyberspace.
B．T shw the great cntributins frm business.
C．T explain the technlgies adpted by businesses.
D．T draw attentin t ptential dangers frm cyberspace.
13．What's the authr's cncern abut the businesses?
A．Awareness f safety.
B．Financial cnditins.
C．Cmmercial management.
D．Judgement f develpment.
14．Why is cyber resilience currently necessary?
A．It can prevent attacks.
B．Threats are always transfrming.
C．Cyber security desn't wrk nw.
D．It keeps all the hackers ff the internet.
15．What's the main idea f the last paragraph?
A．An rganizatin alne can build effective resilience.
B．True resilience requires jined effrts frm rganizatins.
C．There is a great amunt f difficulty in building resilience.
D．The cyberspace threat is nthing when cperatin is used.
【答案】
12．D
13．A
14．B
15．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。网络的迅速发展带来了机遇的同时也带来了意想不到的风险和可能产生潜在负面影响的意想不到的后果。作者认为所有企业现在需要做的就是联合起来在他们的组织内建立网络安全。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“But, it als brings unexpected risks and unintended cnsequences that can have a ptentially negative effect.”（但是，它也带来了意想不到的风险和可能产生潜在负面影响的意想不到的后果。）可知，第一段是为了吸引对网络空间的潜在危险的关注。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Unfrtunately, businesses tend t misjudge hw much risk they face frm cyber-crimes and hw quickly this risk can develp.”（不幸的是，企业往往会误判他们面临的网络犯罪风险有多大，以及这种风险发展的速度有多快。）可知，作者认为企业对网络安全的认识不足。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“With the advancement f technlgy, hackers （黑客）have been changing and develping.”（随着科技的进步，黑客也在不断变化和发展。）可知，因为威胁一直在变化，所以现在网络复原力是必要的。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后两句“Organisatins must wrk tgether t share intelligence and resurces. In this way, the quality, usability and authenticity f intelligence will be greatly imprved.”（各组织必须共同努力，共享情报和资源。这样，情报的质量、可用性和真实性将大大提高。）可知，最后一段主要是讲真正的复原力需要组织的共同努力。故选B。
8、（湖北省石首市第一中学2021-2022学年高三月考）
Mst peple think that wmen are naturally kind, cry t much and think with their hearts, instead f using their heads like men. Meanwhile, men are thught t be brn t be ratinal creatures wh naturally knw hw t lead and d math. Hwever, statistics n persnality types reprt that 75. 5% f wmen are Feelers and 56. 5% f men are Thinkers. S, right nw we see that a huge number f men abut 43%- -have Feeling preferences.
Accrding t these numbers, nly 25% f wmen are Thinkers. A majrity f wmen tested are Feelers, but are a majrity f wmen brn as Feelers? In many regards, wmen are still expected t uphld the feminine(女性的) gals f half a century ag- stay pretty, have babies, keep a tidy hme, and ck a gd nutritius meal every night. Nw, in additin t thse ld standards, mst wmen plan n wrking and having careers. But even in the wrkplace, shwing a Thinking preference can be prblematic. Wmen wh take charge r ffer criticism may be seen 88 bssy,
Of curser the questin ges t the Thinking men. Bys learn at a yung age that being emtinal r sensitive can be seen t be less strng. They have been taught nt t cry t shw that they are brave enugh t bear any sufferings. In that case, they are mre likely t be less f Feelers.
Maybe Feeler wmen and Thinker men are nt naturally 80.
There is nthing wrng with being a Feeler wman r a Thinker man. Being a Feeler des nt mean that yu're a rllercaster f emtins wh might knck ver a table at any mment, nr des being a Thinker mean that yu are an infallible rbt designed t make heartless decisins. Regardless f gender. yur persnality and preferences are cmpletely valid; neither Thinking nr Feeling is right r wrng, gd r bad. And f curse, peple, wh prefer a Thinking style still have feelings, and Feelers can be extremely intelligent.
8．What is the cmmn belief abut men accrding t paragraph 1?
A．They prefer t be math teachers.B．They tend t think with their heads.
C．They seem ruder and mre merciless.D．They are emtinal grup leaders.
9．What mainly makes wmen becme Feelers?
A．Their wrking experiences.B．The scial expectatins.
C．The brn characteristics.D．Their family backgrunds,
10．What can be learned frm the last paragraph?
A．Persnality is nt necessarily limited t a type.
B．Feelers and Thinkers can hardly live in harmny,
C．A Thinker is certain t make heartless decisins.
D．A Feeler is emtinally changeable all the time.
11．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．Des Persnality Change Over the Time?
B．Is Persnality Only Determined by Gender?
C．Are Feeler Wmen and Thinker Men Brn t Be S?
D．Can Feelers and Thinkers Get On Well With Each Other?
【答案】
8．B
9．B
10．A
11．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。人们通常认为女人天是感受者而男人天生是思考者，然而这并不是绝对的，个性并不一定局限于某一种类型。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Mst peple think that wmen are naturally kind, cry t much and think with their hearts, instead f using their heads like men. Meanwhile, men are thught t be brn t be ratinal creature wh naturally knw hw t lead and d math”（大多数人认为女人天生善良，爱哭，用心思考，而不是像男人那样动脑思考。与此同时，男人被认为是天生的理性生物，天生知道如何领导和做数学。）可知，人们通常认为男人是理性思考者。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“ In many regards, wmen are still expected t uphld the feminine(女性的) gals f half a century ag- stay pretty, have babies, keep a tidy hme, and ck a gd nutritius meal every night. Nw, in additin t thse ld standards, mst wmen plan n wrking and having careers. But even in the wrkplace, shwing a Thinking preference can be prblematic. Wmen wh take charge r ffer criticism may be seen 88 bssy,”（在许多方面，人们仍然期望女性坚持半个世纪前的女性目标——保持漂亮，生孩子，保持家庭整洁，每天晚上做一顿营养丰富的晚餐。现在，除了那些旧标准，大多数女性计划工作和事业。但即使在工作场合，表现出思维偏好也是有问题的。主事或提出批评的女性可能被认为是专横跋扈的,）可推知，主要是社会期望使女性变成了感受者。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Being a Feeler des nt mean that yu're a rllercaster f emtins wh might knck ver a table at any mment, nr des being a Thinker mean that yu are an infallible rbt designed t make heartless decisins.”（做一个感觉者并不意味着你是一个随时可能打翻桌子的情绪过山车，做一个思考者也不意味着你是一个绝对正确的机器人，被设计来做无情的决定。）及“And f curse, peple, wh prefer a Thinking style still have feelings, and Feelers can be extremely intelligent.”（当然，喜欢思考方式的人仍然有感觉，而“感觉者”可能非常聪明。）可推知，个性并不一定局限于某一种类型。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。大多数人认为女人天生善良，爱哭，用心思考，而不是像男人那样动脑思考。与此同时，男人被认为是天生的理性生物，天生知道如何领导和做数学。然而，根据性格类型的统计数据显示，75.5%的女性是“感受者”，56.5%的男性是“思考者”。可知，本文在探讨“是否女人就是天生的感受者而男人就是天生的思考者”。根据最后一段“Being a Feeler des nt mean that yu're a rllercaster f emtins wh might knck ver a table at any mment, nr des being a Thinker mean that yu are an infallible rbt designed t make heartless decisins.”做一个感觉者并不意味着你是一个随时可能打翻桌子的情绪过山车，做一个思考者也不意味着你是一个绝对正确的机器人，被设计来做无情的决定。由此可知，人们通常认为女人天是感受者而男人天生是思考者，然而这并不是绝对的，个性并不一定局限于某一种类型。所以短文的最佳标题为“是否女人就是天生的感受者而男人就是天生的思考者”。故选C。
9、（辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2021-2022学年高三月考）
I grew up in a hme with a mther wh believes that vaccines cause brain damage, and d nt cntribute t the health and safety f a sciety. The nly sht I received was fr tetanus when I was tw mnths ld. After that, nthing.
At the beginning f each schl year, I was very nervus. Delayed term paper? Mischievus behavir? Late fr schl? Nne f them. I'd be pulled ut f class and brught t the headmaster's ffice. The schl dctr wuld tell me I haven' received any f the necessary shts t attend schl. But the same thing ccurred each time: my mm wuld exempt me frm the shts and nthing wuld happen.
After ding a lt f research, I fund althugh peple wh dn't vaccinate their children make up nly a relatively small grup, they can cause majr cnsequences. Peple wh, fr health r age reasns, cannt receive vaccines are at a higher risk f catching a preventable disease.
Eventually, I turned 18. In Ohi, where I live, I had t wait until I became a legal adult t make the decisin t receive vaccine shts. A huge factr in taking the step t ensure my health was the message bard website Reddit. Last Nvember, I asked Reddit users fr advice abut what vaccines t ask fr and hw t g abut getting them frm a dctr. After my pst reeve mre than 1,000 cmments, I made an appintment with my family physician. Despite hw strngly my mther felt, I went thrugh with it anyway.
I did smething every persn shuld d. It wasn't special in any way. Vaccines prtect the health and safety f nt nly yurself but als ther peple. Vaccinatin is imprtant because smene culd die if yu dn' t get vaccinated. This was the biggest reasn I gt vaccinated despite the ppsitin.
8．What d we knw abut the authr frm Paragraph 1?
A．He was brn disabled.B．He was hardly ever vaccinated.
C．He suffered a lt frm tetanus.D．He grew up with his single mther.
9．What made the authr nervus at the beginning f each schl year?
A．He was late fr schl.
B．He didn't behave himself.
C．He culdn't hand in his term paper n time.
D．He wuld be called t the headmaster's ffice.
10．Hw might the authr's mther have felt abut his appintment with the family physician?
A．AnnyedB．GratefulC．ExcitedD．Guilty
11．What des the authr mainly want t tell us thrugh his stry?
A．Listening t yur mther pays ff.B．Ding the right thing matters.
C．Keeping fit is the best plicy.D．Asking fr advice helps.
【答案】
8．B
9．D
10．A
11．B
【解析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己接种疫苗的经历告诉读者：疫苗不仅保护你自己，而且保护其他人的健康和安全。接种疫苗很重要，因为如果你不接种，有人可能会死。这也是作者不顾反对接种疫苗的最大原因。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The schl dctr wuld tell me I hadn’t received any f the necessary shts t attend schl.(学校的医生会告诉我，我没有接受过任何必要的上学必须要进行的接种)”可知，学期初作者被叫到校长办公室是因为他几乎从来没有接种过疫苗。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“At the beginning f each schl year, I was very nervus. Delayed term paper? Mischievus behavir? Late fr schl? Nne f them. I'd be pulled ut f class and brught t the headmaster's ffice.(每学年开始的时候，我都很紧张。推迟了学期论文吗？淘气的行为？上学迟到吗？一个都不是。我会被拉出教室，带到校长办公室)”可知，作者将被叫到校长办公室，让作者在每学年开始时感到紧张。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Despite hw strngly my mther felt, I went thrugh with it anyway.(不管我妈妈强烈反对，我还是坚持了下来)”可推知，妈妈对于作者与家庭医生的约会感动恼怒。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I did smething every persn shuld d.(我做了每个人都应该做的事情)”和以及下文“Vaccines prtect the health and safety f nt nly yurself but als ther peple. Vaccinatin is imprtant because smene culd die if yu dn’t get vaccinated.(疫苗不仅保护你自己，而且保护其他人的健康和安全。接种疫苗很重要，因为如果你不接种，有人可能会死)”可推断，作者通过他的经历告诉我们做正确的事情，对己对人都有好处。故选B。
10、（辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2021-2022学年高三月考）
Have yu ever nticed that sme difficult situatins tend t repeat themselves? Des it seem as if yu married r dated the same kind f persn several times in different bdies with different names? Have yu run int the same type f bss ver and ver again? If yu dn't deal well with authrity figures at hme, then yu will have an pprtunity t deal with them ut in the wrld.
Yu may try desperately t avid these repeated difficult situatins, which seem t have becme yur set patterns, but they will eventually catch up with yu. The nly way yu can free yurself f them is t shift yur perspective n them seriusly and persistently. T face the challenge means yu need t bravely accept the fact that smething within yu keeps drawing yu t the same kind f persn r issue repeatedly in yur life. This is n easy task, since it means yu have t change, and t change is nt always easy. Staying just as yu certainly is cmfrtable in its familiarity, but des nt help yu advance spiritually.
Rising t the challenge f identifying and releasing yur patterns frces yu t admit that the way yu have been ding things isn't wrking. Hwever, the gd news is that by identifying and releasing yur patterns, yu actually learn hw t change. In rder t facilitate yur prcess f change, yu will need willingness and patience.
When struggling t make a change, ask yurself, "Hw willing am I, really, t make this change?" If yu truly want t change, yu will make a cmmitment t the prcess f it. If yu abslutely hate getting stuck in traffic, chances are that yu need a little wrk in the area f patience. And, chances are, yu will prbably get stuck in mre traffic jams than smene wh has patience. It is nt because the universe has a sense f humr. Yu just ntice and care abut the traffic mre than smene wh has patience. Remember, yu just need willingness and a little patience. Once yu master these, yu will mst likely find the challenge f identifying and releasing yur patterns far less frightening.
12．Hw can yu get rid f repeated difficult situatins in yur life?
A．By trying yur best t avid thse disappinting situatins.
B．By taking a different attitude twards previus life.
C．By gathering up the curage t change yur identity.
D．By changing yur viewpint n them with great determinatin.
13．What's the authr's attitude twards the idea f staying just as yu are?
A．Disapprving.B．SkepticalC．Supprtive.D．Casual
14．What des the underlined wrd "facilitate" in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．PrmteB．PstpneC．InfluenceD．Overlk
15．What is the effect f mastering willingness and patience accrding t the passage?
A．Guiding yu t identify yur ld patterns.
B．Making yur changes becme easier.
C．Challenging yu with difficult patterns.
D．Arusing yur inner desire t challenge yurself.
【答案】
12．D
13．A
14．A
15．B
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章认为面对生活中反复出现的困境，我们应该通过下定决心改变观点来摆脱，通过坚定的耐心和意愿来促进改变。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The nly way yu can free yurself f them is t shift yur perspective n them seriusly and persistently.”(唯一能让你摆脱它们的方法就是认真而持久地改变你对它们的看法。)可知，你可以通过下定决心改变你的观点来摆脱生活中反复出现的困境。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“This is n easy task, since it means yu have t change, and t change is nt always easy. Staying just as yu certainly is cmfrtable in its familiarity, but des nt help yu advance spiritually. ”(这不是一项容易的任务，因为这意味着你必须改变，而改变并不总是容易的。待在熟悉的环境中，你当然感到舒适，但这并不能帮助你在精神上进步。)可知，作者对保持原样的态度是不赞同的。故选A。
14．词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“yu will need willingness and patience”(你需要意愿和耐心)可知，此处是指需要用意愿和耐心来促进改变。所以facilitate意为“促进”。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Once yu master these, yu will mst likely find the challenge f identifying and releasing yur patterns far less frightening.”(一旦你掌握了这些，你很可能会发现识别和释放你的模式的挑战就不再那么可怕了。)和第二句 “If yu truly want t change, yu will make a cmmitment t the prcess f it.”(如果你真的想要改变，你就要对改变的过程做出承诺。)可知，根据文章，掌握意愿和耐心的效果是使你的改变变得更容易。故选B。