新高考英语二轮复习试题阅读理解 02 推理判断（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

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Then there was the ld apple tree. It sits n an undevelped lt in my neighbrhd. It belngs t n ne and therefre t everyne. The tree’s dark branches stretch ut in unpruned (未经修剪的) abandn.
Until last year, I thught I was the nly ne aware f this tree. And then ne day, in a bit f spring madness, I set ut t prune (修剪) a few disrderly branches. N sner had I arrived under the tree than neighbrs pened their windws and stepped nt their prches (门廊). These were peple I barely knew, but it was as if I had cme uninvited int their persnal gardens. My mbile-hme neighbr was the first t speak. “Yu’re nt ging t cut it dwn, are yu?” she asked anxiusly.
Sn, half the neighbrhd jined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there fr five years and nly nw was learning these peple’s names, what they did fr a living and hw they passed the winter. It was as if the ld apple tree was gathering us under its branches fr the purpse f bth acquaintanceship and shared wnder.
Just the ther day, I saw ne neighbr at the lcal stre. He remarked hw this recent winter had been especially lng and cmplained f nt having seen r spken at length t anyne in ur neighbrhd. And then, he lked at me and said, “We need t prune that apple tree again.”
1．Hw did the authr feel abut the sudden change f the view?
A．Frightened.B．Depressed.C．Surprised.D．Annyed.
2．Why did the neighbrs pen their windws and step ut?
A．They intended t greet the authr.
B．They felt astnished t ntice a stranger.
C．They meant t prtect their persnal gardens.
D．They wndered what might happen t the tree.
3．What can be inferred abut the apple tree in the neighbrhd’?
A．It served as a bnd.B．It was left unattended.
C．It stayed in a pr cnditin.D．It prved t be unappealing.
4．What did the neighbr value mst accrding t the last paragraph?
A．The arrival f spring.B．The neighbrhd gathering.
C．The pruning f the apple tree.D．Entertainment in the lng winter.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者居住在缅因州，这儿的冬天总是很长，作者和邻居们总是盼着春天到来。作者修剪苹果枝的行为，引来了很多的邻居聚在一起的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“On May 3, I awke t a green s amazing as t be almst electric, as if spring were simply a matter f pressing a switch.( 5月3日，当我醒来时，我看到了一片令人惊叹的绿色，仿佛春天只是按下一个开关。)”可知，作者对风景的突然改变感到很惊讶。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“N sner had I arrived under the tree than neighbrs pened their windws and stepped nt their prches (门廊). These were peple I barely knew, but it was as if I had cme uninvited int their persnal gardens. My mbile-hme neighbr was the first t speak. “Yu’re nt ging t cut it dwn, are yu?” she asked anxiusly. (我刚到树下，邻居们就打开窗户，走出门廊。这些人我几乎不认识，但就好像我不请自来地进入了他们的私人花园。我的活动房屋邻居是第一个开口的。“你不会把它砍倒吧?”她焦急地问。)”可知，邻居们打开窗户并走出来，是因为他们想知道这棵树会发生什么事。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“It was as if the ld apple tree was gathering us under its branches fr the purpse f bth acquaintanceship and shared wnder. (就好像那棵老苹果树把我们聚集在它的树枝下，目的是为了认识我们，分享我们的惊奇。)”可推断，那棵苹果树成为邻居们之间是一种纽带。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He remarked hw this recent winter had been especially lng and cmplained f nt having seen r spken at length t anyne in ur neighbrhd. (他说最近这个冬天特别漫长，抱怨说没有长时间地和我们附近的任何人见面或说话。)”可推断，邻居最看重邻里聚会。故选B。
2.【四川省内江市重点中学2022-2023学年高三上学期一诊】
“Yu will be in my heart frever. Withut yu, there are nly emptiness and desert in my life...” This is a line frm a heartfelt pem Feng Duan wrte t his fiancee Chen Lianfang in 1955.
Feng is nw 94 and Chen 90, and they have been married fr mre than half a century. Feng, an academic at the Chinese Academy f Sciences, may nt be a prfessinal pet but fr 64 years, Feng has written cuntless lve pems t his wife. On every imprtant anniversary r festival, Feng wuld send a pem t Chen. In 1978, when Chen’s cancer surgery succeeded, Feng created mre than ten pems t celebrate his wife’s recvery. Chen used a red suitcase t stre these lve pems. The academic has als translated many English, French and German pems int classical Chinese.
The cuple was intrduced t each ther by a cmmn friend in 1953 and Feng sent tw paper cpies f pems t Chen as a gift.
“As lng as I think f yu, a beam f sunshine lights up my heart,” Feng wrte.
Chen recalled the first time Feng invited her t his drmitry t have a cup f tea and she thught the cup was made f frsted glass. As the tw became clser, Chen ften visited the academic’s drm. She realized that the cup was the nly ne pr Feng wned. The paque (不透明的) cup was nt frsted glass but cmmn glass stained with tthpaste.
Later she bught many clthes and even a stve fr Feng, making a nice change frm the single man s life. Feng’s marriage t Chen brught mre happiness and nw Chen still lks after Feng’s daily needs.
1．When Feng first met Chen, he was .
A．32B．30
C．28D．26
2．What change did Chen bring t Feng?
A．Chen made a great difference t Feng’s daily life.
B．Chen changed Feng’s academic life greatly.
C．Chen wrte a lt f pems t Feng.
D．Chen intrduced a lt f friends t Feng.
3．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Chen and Feng happened t meet each ther n the campus.
B．Feng wrte many pems in different languages.
C．Chen cherished the pems Feng wrte t her.
D．Feng liked his paque cup s much.
4．The writer wrte the passage t shw .
A．hw a famus pet writes lve pems t his wife
B．hw the lve pems jin tw hearts tgether
C．hw imprtant lve pems are in the marriage
D．hw the lve pems make the cuple famus
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了两位九旬老人的浪漫爱情故事。作为一名中科院学者，Feng却给Chen写了64年的爱情诗，给Chen带来了幸福，而Chen也一直照料着他的日常生活。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Feng is nw 94 and Chen 90, and they have been married fr mre than half a century. Feng, an academic at the Chinese Academy f Sciences, may nt be a prfessinal pet but fr 64 years, Feng has written cuntless lve pems t his wife. ( Feng今年94岁，Chen 90岁，他们已经结婚半个多世纪了。Feng是中国科学院的一名学者，他可能不是职业诗人，但64年来，Feng给妻子写了无数首情诗。)”及第三段“The cuple was intrduced t each ther by a cmmn friend in 1953 and Feng sent tw paper cpies f pems t Chen as a gift. (1953年，Feng和Chen通过一个共同的朋友介绍认识，Feng送给Chen两本纸质诗歌作为礼物。)”,可知Feng和Chen第一见面时，是94-64=30，应该是30岁，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Later she bught many clthes and even a stve fr Feng, making a nice change frm the single man s life. Feng’s marriage t Chen brught mre happiness and nw Chen still lks after Feng’s daily needs. (后来，她给Feng买了很多衣服，甚至给他买了一个炉子，这是一个很好的改变。Feng和Chen的婚姻给她带来了更多的幸福，现在Chen仍然照顾Feng的日常需要。)”可知，Chen一直照顾Feng的日常生活，Chen对Feng的日常生活产生了很大的影响。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段“Chen used a red suitcase t stre these lve pems. (Chen用一个红色行李箱来存放这些情诗。)”可知，Chen珍视Feng给她的情诗。故选C。
4．推理判断题。通篇理解，本文主要介绍了两位九旬老人的浪漫爱情故事，而情诗是串联其64年爱情的事物，作者写这篇文章是为了展示情诗如何把两颗心连在一起的，故选B。
3.【陕西省宝鸡教育联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量检测（四）】
What d yu d with yur clthes that yu dn’t want t wear anymre? Thrugh cutting, stitching(缝)and redesigning. Baxter Salzwedel has fund a fashinable way t be sustainnble(可持续的).
In March, recycling clthes earned the 17-year-ld frm Elkhart Lake-Glenbeulah High Schl in Wiscnsin, US, a finalist spt in the Yung Entrepreneurs cmpetitin. The cmpetitin was hsted by Junir Achievement f Wiscnsin, a nn-prfit rganizatin. He wn a schlarship f $10, 000 fr his sustainable clthing brand The Mad Patcher.
In the beginning. Salzwedel just wrked with clthes fr fun. He learned his sewing skills at a yung age frm his grandmther. He then started t tear up his ld jeans t try and create cl new designs. The fun hbby quickly turned int a business fr Salzwedel when his friends and classmates started asking him t make custmized clthing fr them.
“S many peple wanted them that I wasn’t ging t make 150 pairs f pants fr free, s that was when 1 had t start making a business ut f it, ” Salzwedel tld the Shebygan Press.
In 2021, Salzwedel started his clthing brand. He uses clurful and patterned fabrics(布 料) frm ther clthes t create his patchwrk(拼接) designs, like jeans, shirts and jackets. He nly uses dnated r recycled materials t ensure maximum sustainability.
Salzwedel has earned thusands f dllars thrugh selling his clthes, and he dnated 25 percent f his prfits t nn-prfit rganizatins.
Talking abut the cmpetitin, Salzwedel said, “It was exciting t d that and meet all srts f yung peple with similar ideas. ” The teenager planned t use the prize t attend the Fashin Institute f Technlgy in New Yrk. The cllege is ne f the mst famus fashin schls in the wrld. Meanwhile, he will cntinue ding his business even after he graduates. Fr Salzwedel, The Mad Patcher is a lifelng prject wrth wrking n.
1．What inspired Salzwedel t d business?
A．His interest in fashin design.
B．The ppularity f his pants.
C．His grandmther’s encuragement.
D．The grwing prblem f fashin waste.
2．What des the text tell us abut The Mad Patcher?
A．It aims t prmte secnd-hand clthes.
B．It uses dnated materials t reduce csts.
C．It prduces sustainable fashin prducts.
D．It cpies designs frm well-established brands.
3．What des Salzwedel plan t d with the schlarship?
A．Grw his clthing brand.
B．Earn a degree in fashin.
C．Dnate it t a fashin schl.
D．Cperate with like-minded peple.
4．Which f the fllwing can best describe Salzwedel?
A．Strng but selfish.
B．Brave and determined.
C．Talented but negative.
D．Creative and generus.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了今年3月，一位来自美国威斯康辛州埃尔克哈特湖-格伦比拉高中的17岁学生凭借回收衣物入围了青年企业家大赛的决赛。比赛由非营利组织“威斯康星青年成就”主办。他的可持续服装品牌The Mad Patcher赢得了1万美元的奖学金。
1．细节理解题。根据第四段““S many peple wanted them that I wasn’t ging t make 150 pairs f pants fr free, s that was when 1 had t start making a business ut f it, ” Salzwedel tld the Shebygan Press.”（萨尔兹韦德尔在接受希博伊根出版社采访时表示：“有这么多人想要它们，所以我不打算免费制作150条裤子，所以我不得不开始做生意。”）可知，他的裤子很受欢迎促使萨尔兹韦德尔经商的。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He wn a schlarship f $10, 000 fr his sustainable clthing brand The Mad Patcher.”（他的可持续服装品牌The Mad Patcher赢得了1万美元的奖学金。）以及第五段中“He nly uses dnated r recycled materials t ensure maximum sustainability.”（他只使用捐赠或回收的材料，以确保最大限度的可持续性。）可知，这篇文章告诉了我们关于The Mad Patcher，它生产可持续时尚产品。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The teenager planned t use the prize t attend the Fashin Institute f Technlgy in New Yrk. The cllege is ne f the mst famus fashin schls in the wrld.”（这位少年计划用奖金去纽约的时装技术学院学习。该学院是世界上最著名的时装学院之一。）可知，萨尔兹韦德尔打算用奖学金去学习，获得时尚专业的学位。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第五段“In 2021, Salzwedel started his clthing brand. He uses clurful and patterned fabrics frm ther clthes t create his patchwrk designs, like jeans, shirts and jackets. He nly uses dnated r recycled materials t ensure maximum sustainability.”（2021年，萨尔兹韦德尔创立了自己的服装品牌。他使用其他衣服上色彩鲜艳、有图案的面料来创作他的拼接设计，比如牛仔裤、衬衫和夹克。他只使用捐赠或回收的材料，以确保最大限度的可持续性。）和第六段“Salzwedel has earned thusands f dllars thrugh selling his clthes, and he dnated 25 percent f his prfits t nn-prfit rganizatins.”（萨尔兹韦德尔通过卖衣服赚了数千美元，他把25%的利润捐给了非营利组织。）故可推知，富有创造力和慷慨大方是最能描述萨尔茨维德尔的。故选D项。
4.【江苏省苏州高新区第一中学2021-2022学年高三一模】
Stargazers can visit famus dark-sky parks in the wrld and enjy unplluted views f night skies. Let's take a deeper dive int what yu'll see at the dark-sky parks.
Jshua Tree Natinal Park, Califrnia
Jshua Tree Natinal Park is a ppular attractin fr stargazers living n the west cast. Despite being influenced by light pllutin n its western brders frm Cachella Valley cities, its relative islatin frm majr cities in the east(with Phenix being the clsest city area sme 300 miles away), prvides it with sme f the darkest skies in Califrnia.
Elqui Valley, Chile
A ppular wine regin centered n the Elqui River in nrthern Chile, the Elqui Valley als ffers ideal cnditins(high-altitude, lw-ppulatin, limited clud cver) fr uncrking a bttle and tasting the heavens abve. Spanning sme 90,000 acres, the regin has the distinctin f being named the first-ever Dark Sky Sanctuary by the Internatinal Astrnmical Unin in 2015.
It's als hme t nearly a dzen bservatries, butique stargazing htels and a large variety f turs that cver bth csmic and daytime spectacles.
Wadi Rum, Jrdan
One f Jrdan's mst valuable turist destinatins, Wadi Rum is an therwrldly muntain desert featuring dramatic rck frmatins and wind-swept rust-clred dunes. Wadi Rum is an incredible landscape t (used fr a lt f sci-fi mvies like Rgue One, Prmetheus and The Martian) and it's ne f the dark places where yu can just sit and lk up at the wnder f the night sky with very little interruptin.
Great Sand Dunes Natinal Park and Preserve, America
It's n surprise that Great Sand Dunes Natinal Park and Preserve has been building a reputatin fr gd night sky viewing. The dry air, high elevatin, and lack f light pllutin all make the park an ideal dark-sky destinatin.
The Sangre de Crist Muntains blck much f the sky glw cming frm nearby cities, shruding(遮蔽，笼罩)the park-with its 149,164 acres f dunes, wetlands, grasslands, frests and alpine tundra-in darkness.
1．What d we knw abut Jshua Tree Natinal Park?
A．It is relatively separated frm majr cities.
B．It is the first dark sky park in the wrld.
C．It is affected by n light pllutin.
D．It is named as the darkest sky in the wrld.
2．What helps prevent Great Sand Dunes frm light?
A．The wetlands.B．The sand dune.
C．The frests.D．The muntains.
3．Wh are the intended readers f the text?
A．Park gers.B．Space explrers.
C．Star bservers.D．Adventurus campers.
【答案】1．A2．D3．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个适合观星爱好者的景点。
1．细节理解题。根据Jshua Tree Natinal Park, Califrnia部分第二句“Despite being influenced by light pllutin n its western brders frm Cachella Valley cities, its relative islatin frm majr cities in the east(with Phenix being the clsest city area sme 300 miles away), prvides it with sme f the darkest skies in Califrnia.”（尽管它的西部边界受到科切拉山谷城市的光污染的影响，但它与东部主要城市的相对隔绝(凤凰城是最近的城市地区，约300英里外)，使它拥有加州最黑暗的天空。）可知，Jshua Tree Natinal Park与主要城市相对隔离。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Great Sand Dunes Natinal Park and Preserve, America部分第二段第一句“The Sangre de Crist Muntains blck much f the sky glw cming frm nearby cities, shruding(遮蔽，笼罩)the park-with its 149,164 acres f dunes, wetlands, grasslands, frests and alpine tundra-in darkness.”（Sangre de Crist山阻挡了来自附近城市的大部分天空辉光，将公园笼罩在黑暗中，公园里有149,164英亩的沙丘、湿地、草原、森林和高山苔原。）可知，群山让Great Sand Dunes免受阳光照射。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Stargazers can visit famus dark-sky parks in the wrld and enjy unplluted views f night skies. Let's take a deeper dive int what yu'll see at the dark-sky parks.”（观星者可以参观世界上著名的暗天公园，欣赏未受污染的夜空美景。让我们来深入了解一下在黑暗天空的公园里你会看到什么。）可知，这篇文章的目标读者是观星爱好者。故选C。
5. 【 “皖江名校”高三决战高考最后一卷】
The stmach is an extremely strng rgan, full f acid t break dwn each meal. In rder t prevent this acid frm burning a hle in ur stmachs and damaging ther rgans, ur stmach lining is specially adapted t cntain the acid safely.
H. pylri are able t live in the stmach by living in the lining, safe frm harsh stmach acid. These bacteria are actually pretty cmmn in peple, apprximately a third f Australians have H. pylri in their bdies, but nt all have symptms.
The bacteria can eventually create infectin in stmach lining, a cnditin knwn as gastritis (胃炎）, by wearing away the lining and allwing stmach acid t burn away stmach tissue, causing painful ulcers (溃疡）。
Up until the 1980s, it was thught that bacteria culd nt survive in stmach acid. The cause f stmach ulcers was due t lifestyle chices: stress, smking, spicy fds; the stmach acid was breaking thrugh the lining n its wn.
This belief was first questined in 1979 by Rbin Warren, an Australian pathlgist, wh fund bacteria n a micrscpe slide cntaining the stmach lining f a patient with gastritis. In the years that fllwed Warren cntinued his research.
Warren then teamed up with Barry Marshall in 1981 and the tw cntinued with the research, trying t separate the mystery bacteria and find a cure. Over the next three years, they tested their theries with sme psitive results, hwever the idea that bacteria culd be the cause f gastritis was nt widely accepted r even acknwledged.
Finally, fed up with being ignred and cnfident in his findings, Barry Marshall decided t test n himself. He infected himself with H. pylri and sn develped gastritis and terrible stmach ulcers. Marshall then began t cure himself by taking a dse f antibitics (抗生素）. This nce and fr all prved nt nly that bacteria culd grw in stmach acid, but it culd als cause gastritis and stmach ulcers.
Eventually, the wrld fully acknwledged Warren and Marshall's huge cntributin t science and medicine and the tw were awarded the Nbel prize in Medicine in 2005. Twenty-six years after Rbin Warren first began his research.
1．Why did the academics initially refuse t accept that H. pylri caused gastritis?
A．Lifestyle chices caused stmach ulcers.
B．Stmach acid culd break thrugh the lining n its wn.
C．They thught that bacteria culdn't survive in the stmach.
D．The Australian pathlgist Rbin Warren prvided n evidence.
2．Hw did Barry Marshall prve that H. pylri caused gastritis?
A．Chsing unhealthy lifestyles.B．Intrducing H. pylri t his wn stmach.
C．Finding the bacteria n stmach lining.D．Grwing H. pylri in the lab.
3．What can we infer frm the text?
A．Scientific prgress takes time.B．Science guides medical practices.
C．Warren is nt a prductive scientist.D．Only Marshall deserves the prize.
4．The text is mst likely written t .
A．ChemistsB．PatientsC．ResearchersD．The general public
【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．D
【解析】
1．细节理解题。根据第四段的Up until the 1980s, it was thught that bacteria culd nt survive in stmach acid.(直到20世纪80年代，人们一直认为细菌在胃酸中无法生存。)可知，学者们最初拒绝接受幽门螺杆菌引起胃炎是因为他们认为细菌在胃酸里无法生存。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的Finally, fed up with being ignred and cnfident in his findings, Barry Marshall decided t test n himself.He infected himself with H. pylri and sn develped gastritis and terrible stmach ulcers.和下文内容可知，受够了被忽视和对他的发现充满信心，巴里·马歇尔决定亲自进行测试，他感染了幽门螺杆菌，很快就发展成胃炎和可怕的胃溃疡。因此可知，巴里·马歇尔让幽门螺杆菌进入了自己的胃，最后患了胃炎和胃溃疡，来证明幽门螺杆菌引起胃炎。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，最终，世界完全承认沃伦和马歇尔对科学和医学的巨大贡献，两人于2005年被授予诺贝尔医学奖。罗宾首次开始他的研究后26年。因此推断科学发展需要时间。故选A。
4．推理判断题。文章介绍了两位科学家对幽门螺旋杆菌的研究历程以及结论,是一篇科普文章。科普文章的受众是 the general public(普通大众)，故选D。
分层练B
1.【江苏省南通市如皋市2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量调研（三）】
Get stuck int chemistry with these fascinating guides.
An Elementary Guide t the Peridic Table
by Gill Arbuthntt(Blmsbury Children’s Bks)
There are lts f funny stries, fascinating facts and interesting explanatins packed int this bk, which aims t prvide a gd intrductin t the peridic table. As well as plenty f infrmatin, there are lts f eye-catching diagrams and illustratins.
Explring the Elements
by Isabel Thmas. Illustrated by Sara Gillingham(Phaidn Press)
This beautifully designed bk prvides an intrductry guide t the chemical elements — where they are fund, their prperties and the remark able ways we’ve learned t use them. Smart and stylish, the bk even cmes with an illustrated peridic table.
The Elements in the Rm
by Mike Barfield. Illustrated by Lauren Humphrey(Laurence King)
As the candidate fr lts f awards, this entertaining bk invites yu t jin detective Sherlck Ohms as he tries t slve the mystery f hw abslutely everything came t exist. This is a fun way t learn abut the basics f chemical elements, frm aluminum t zinc.
The Peridic Table Bk
by Darling Kindersley, Ltd
If yu are just starting yur chemistry learning, lk n further than this cmprehensive visual encyclpedia, which is packed with stunning phtgraphs. It cvers all the basics f chemistry, with infrmatin abut the different elements, and yu’ll als learn abut sme f the famus scientists wh discvered them.
1．Which bk can explain the applicatin f the elements?
A．An Elementary Guide t the Peridic TableB．Explring the Elements
C．The Elements in the RmD．The Peridic Table Bk
2．Hw is Mike Barfield’s bk different frm the ther bks?
A．It cntains an illustrated peridic table.B．It includes interesting stries and facts.
C．It intrduces sme f the famus chemists.D．It has the ptential fr winning prizes.
3．Wh are the fur bks especially intended fr?
A．Chemistry researchers.B．Chemistry majrs.
C．Chemistry beginners.D．Chemistry teachers.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了四本关于化学的书。
1．细节理解题。根据第二本书Explring the Elements的介绍中“This beautifully designed bk prvides an intrductry guide t the chemical elements —where they are fund, their prperties and the remark able ways we’ve learned t use them.(这本设计精美的书提供了化学元素的介绍性指南——它们在哪里被发现，它们的特性和我们已经学会的使用它们的值得注意的方法)”可知，Explring the Elements这本书可以解释化学元素的应用。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三本书The Elements in the Rm的介绍中“As the candidate fr lts f awards, this entertaining bk invites yu t jin detective Sherlck Ohms as he tries t slve the mystery f hw abslutely everything came t exist.(作为众多奖项的候选，这本有趣的书邀请你加入侦探Sherlck Ohms，因为他试图解决绝对的一切是如何存在的谜)”可知，Mike Barfield的书与众不同之处在于它有可能获奖。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Get stuck int chemistry with these fascinating guides.(跟着这些有吸引力的指南进入化学)”可知，四本书是为化学的初学者而写的。故选C。
2.【江苏省新高考基地学校2022-2023学年高三12月第三次大联考】
Carpenter is the lead authr f a paper in Nature Reviews Psychlgy that examined mre than 100 years f research n learning.
“The benefits f spacing and retrieval practice have been cnfirmed ver and ver in studies in labs, classrms, wrkplaces, but the reasn why we’re presenting this research is that these tw techniques haven’t fully caught n. If they were emplyed all the time, we’d see big increases in learning,” said Carpenter.
In the paper, Carpenter and her c-authrs describe spacing as a strategy t learn in small amunts ver time. It’s the ppsite f cramming (塞满) the night befre an exam. In ne study, medical students wh received repeated surgery training ver three weeks perfrmed better and faster n tests 2 weeks and 1 year later cmpared t medical students wh had the same training all n ne day.
Carpenter says there isn’t a universal rule abut hw much time t schedule between practice sessins. But research shws returning t the material after frgetting sme—but nt all—f the cntent is effective.
Retrieval practice is a strategy that invlves recalling what was learned previusly. It can take many frms, including flash cards, practice tests and pen-ended writing prmpts, and helps learners recgnize what they d and dn’t knw. The paper’s authrs emphasize that peple wh check their respnses fr errrs r get feedback right away learn even better. Mre than 200 studies shw peple generally maintain mre infrmatin fr lnger perids f time with retrieval practice cmpared t strategies that d nt invlve retrieval (e.g., re-reading a textbk.)
The authrs argue peple wh cmbine spacing and retrieval practice have the best chance f remembering infrmatin.
“Frgetting is a very natural thing; yu can’t stp frgetting even if yu try, but yu can slw dwn frgetting by using retrieval practice and spacing,” said Carpenter.
Carpenter says she uses digital tls (e.g., nline practice quizzes, clicker questins) t incrprate retrieval practice and spacing int her university curses, but there are ther ways t bring these strategies int the classrm.
1．Why d the authr and his grup present this research?
A．Because peple dn’t accept the tw techniques.
B．Because the tw techniques haven’t ppularized.
C．Because peple have much difficulty in learning.
D．Because the tw techniques are taking little effect.
2．Hw des Carpenter prve spacing is superir t cramming?
A．By studying sme cases.B．By receiving sme training.
C．By applying sme rules.D．By scheduling sme time.
3．What can retrieval practice help peple t get?
A．Self assessment.B．Wide recgnitin.
C．Psitive respnse.D．General strategies.
4．What might Carpenter talk abut in the fllwing paragraphs?
A．The benefits f spacing and retrieval practice.
B．Ptential ways used t slw dwn frgetting.
C．Arguments abut what t d t stp frgetting.
D．Other university curses wrth remembering.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种有效延缓遗忘的方法——唤醒练习。同时，将间隔练习和唤醒练习结合使用能够延缓遗忘。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The benefits f spacing and retrieval practice have been cnfirmed ver and ver in studies in labs, classrms, wrkplaces, but the reasn why we’re presenting this research is that these tw techniques haven’t fully caught n. (间隔练习和唤醒练习的好处已经在实验室、教室和工作场所的研究中得到了一次又一次的证实，但我们提出这项研究的原因是这两种技术还没有完全流行起来。)”可知，作者和他的团队之所以提出这项研究是因为这两种技术还没有普及。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In ne study, medical students wh received repeated surgery training ver three weeks perfrmed better and faster n tests 2 weeks and 1 year later cmpared t medical students wh had the same training all n ne day.(在一项研究中，与在一天内接受相同训练的医学生相比，接受为期三周的反复手术训练的医学生在两周和一年后的测试中表现得更好更快。)”可知，Carpenter通过对一些案例的研究，来证明间隔法优于填鸭式的方法。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“It can take many frms, including flash cards, practice tests and pen-ended writing prmpts, and helps learners recgnize what they d and dn’t knw. The paper’s authrs emphasize that peple wh check their respnses fr errrs r get feedback right away learn even better. (它可以采取多种形式，包括闪存卡、练习测试和开放式写作提示，帮助学习者认识到他们知道什么和不知道什么。该论文的作者强调，那些检查自己回答错误或立即得到反馈的人学得更好。)”可知，使用唤醒练习的方法能够让人对信息的学习更好，掌握的更好，由此推断，该方法能够促进人自身的提升，即形成良好的自我评估。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““Frgetting is a very natural thing; yu can’t stp frgetting even if yu try, but yu can slw dwn frgetting by using retrieval practice and spacing,” said Carpenter.(“遗忘是很自然的事情；即使你尝试，你也无法停止遗忘，但你可以通过检索练习和间隔来减慢遗忘的速度，”Carpenter说。)”以及最后一段中“but there are ther ways t bring these strategies int the classrm.(但还有其他方法可以将这些策略引入课堂。)”可知，遗忘是自然的事情，人类可以通过采用各种方法来减慢遗忘的速度, Carpenter也在课堂中使用了一些方法延缓遗忘。由此可以推断在下文中Carpenter将讲述她采用的其他的有效的方法来延缓遗忘。故选B。
3.【江苏省南通市如皋市2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量调研（三）】
Scientists researching climate change in Antarctica are studying penguins in an effrt t better understand the area’s envirnmental health. The scientists are measuring the grwth and develpment f the penguin ppulatin n the eastern side f the Antarctic Peninsula. “We are cunting penguin nests t understand hw many penguins are in a clny, prducing yung every year, and whether that number is ging up r dwn with the envirnmental cnditins,” said Alex Brwicz. He is an eclgy researcher at New Yrk’s Stny Brk University.
The wrk is nt easy fr climate researchers in the icy, faraway reaches f Antarctica. But penguins are easier t fllw than sme ther kinds f animals because they nest n land. Their black bdies and waste drppings can als be identified against the area’s white backgrund.
Michael Wethingtn, anther researcher frm Stny Brk, tld Reuters the penguin ppulatin can represent verall climate cnditins and the health f the area’s whle ecsystem. The researchers say cunts f individual penguins can be cmbined with data frm satellite images t get a mre cmplete picture f hw the animals are prgressing.
Gent penguins—with bright range beaks and white markings n their heads—prefer pen water withut brken pieces f ice flating arund. S when temperatures n the Antarctic Peninsula began rising during the latter half f the 20th century, Gent ppulatins mved suth. Gent penguins dn’t like sea ice. They mstly frage (觅食) ver the cntinental shelf and dn’t g far ut t sea. As sea ice has decreased alng the western side f the peninsula, Gents seem t have gtten used t the changed cnditins. But thse same cnditins have been wrse fr the Adelie penguin species. This is because the Adelies depend n sea ice fr feeding and reprductin.
“When we find Adelie penguins, we typically knw that sea ice is nearby,” Stny Brk’s Wethingtn said. He added that whenever researchers see sea ice decreasing r disappearing, they als see Adelie penguin ppulatins plunge. Even thugh Adelie penguins are increasing in number verall, sme ppulatins have fallen by mre than 65 percent, researchers say.
8．Why d scientists studying climate change in Antarctica study penguins?
A．T ffer them better prtectin.
B．T find ut abut the penguin ppulatin.
C．T have a clearer idea f their living habits.
D．T learn mre abut the cnditins f Antarctica.
9．What makes penguins easier t fllw than ther kinds f animals?
A．Their varius kinds f species.B．Their unique eating habits.
C．Their nesting habit and bdy clr.D．Their unusual hunting ways.
10．What can be inferred abut Gent penguins frm paragraph 4?
A．They are quite adaptive.B．They are in great danger.
C．They tend t hunt far ut t sea.D．They have a preference fr sea ice.
11．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．Adelie penguin has been affected by climate change.
B．Adelie penguin has gt used t the changing envirnment.
C．Adelie penguin ppulatin has fallen by mre than 65 percent.
D．Adelie pepenguin ppulatin represents the area’s whle ecsystem.
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．A 11．A
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。研究人员通过观察企鹅的数量来观测气候变化。
8．细节理解题。根据首句“Scientists researching climate change in Antarctica are studying penguins in an effrt t better understand the area’s envirnmental health.”（研究南极洲气候变化的科学家们在研究企鹅，努力更好了解该地区的环境健康状态）可知，目的是为了解当地的环境条件，故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“But penguins are easier t fllw than sme ther kinds f animals because they nest n land.”（但是企鹅较之其他动物们易于跟踪的原因是因为他们居住在陆地上）和最后一句“Their black bdies and waste drppings can als be identified against the area’s white backgrund.”（在该地区白色背景的映衬下，它们黑色的身体和排出的废物易于识别）可知，企鹅易于跟踪的原因是它们的定居习惯和体色，故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句“As sea ice has decreased alng the western side f the peninsula, Gents seem t have gtten used t the changed cnditins.”（随着沿半岛两边的海里的冰减少，巴布亚企鹅似乎已经习惯了改变了的环境条件）可知，这种企鹅的适应性强，故选A.
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“He added that whenever researchers see sea ice decreasing r disappearing, they als see Adelie penguin ppulatins plunge.”（他补充说不论何时研究人员看见海里的冰在减少或者消失时，他们也看见Adelie企鹅的数量暴跌）可知，这种企鹅受气候改变的影响，故选A。
4.【浙江省诸暨市2022-2023学年高三12月诊断性考试】
Ender’s Game by Orsn Sctt Card
Aliens have attacked Earth twice and almst destryed human beings. Humans culdn’t lse anymre. Therefre, the wrld gvernment has started t train military geniuses in the arts f war. Ender Wiggin is taking part in this training. He wins all the games. He knws time is running ut, but can he save the planet?It’s gd science fictin fr bys.
The Brken Earth Trilgy (三部曲) by N.K. Jemisin
Mving int mre mdern territry, each entry f N.K. Jemisin’s The Brken Earth Trilgy wn a Hug Award when it was first published. It’s a science-fictin stry married t fantasy elements that is ne f the mst famus pieces f literature.
The Expanse series by James S.A．Crey
This spectacular series cnsists f nine bks. I knw that lks like a lt f nvels, but trust me, they are abslutely wrth reading. The Expanse is easily ne f the best sci-fi series in histry, and nw the TV adaptatin has becme ne f the best sci-fi shws in histry. The first bk starts in ur slar system and expands beynd it with a grwing cast f characters that will feel like family after a dive int this fantastic series.
Snw Crash by Neal Stephensn
This is the nly stand-alne bk n this list, s if yu dn’t feel like investing in 300,000 pages f cntent, Neal Stephensn’s Snw Crash is fr yu. This authr f the bk uses virtual reality as the setting, and the main character is a pizza deliveryman in ne wrld and a warrir prince in anther.
1．Which bk is suitable fr yu if yu favr award-winning nes?
A．The Brken Earth TrilgyB．Ender’s Game
C．Snw CrashD．The Expanse
2．What d the fur bks have in cmmn?
A．They all have TV adaptatins.
B．They are based n true stries.
C．They are best-sellers n shelf.
D．They are fictin wrth reading.
3．What is the authr’s main purpse by listing the bks?
A．T advertise.B．T intrduce.
C．T recmmend.D．T instruct.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C
【导语】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了四部优秀的小说内容并向阅读爱好者进行推荐。
1．细节理解题。根据The Brken Earth Trilgy by N.K. Jemisin中关键句“Mving int mre mdern territry, each entry f N.K. Jemisin’s The Brken Earth Trilgy wn a Hug Award when it was first published.(进入更现代的领域，N.K. Jemisin的《破碎的土地》三部曲的每一部在首次出版时都获得了雨果奖)”可知，如果你喜欢获奖作品，你可以选择The Brken Earth Trilgy。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据Ender’s Game by Orsn Sctt Card中“It’s gd science fictin fr bys.(这是很适合男孩的科幻小说)”；The Brken Earth Trilgy by N.K. Jemisin中“It’s a science-fictin stry married t fantasy elements that is ne f the mst famus pieces f literature.(这是一个结合了奇幻元素的科幻故事，是最著名的文学作品之一)”；The Expanse series by James 中“The Expanse is easily ne f the best sci-fi series in histry(《浩瀚无垠》无疑是史上最好的科幻系列之一)”和Snw Crash by Neal Stephensn中“This authr f the bk uses virtual reality as the setting, and the main character is a pizza deliveryman in ne wrld and a warrir prince in anther.(作者以虚拟现实为背景，主人公在一个世界是送披萨的人，在另一个世界是战士王子)”可知，四本书共同之处在于它们都是值得一读的小说。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。本文介绍了四本小说相关内容和信息，目的是为了向读者推荐这四本不错的优质读本。因此，“T recmmend(为了推荐).”是作者列出这些书本的目的。故选C项。
5.【浙江省强基联盟2023届高三上学期12月统测】
It takes a lt f hard wrk and determinatin t achieve big gals. Many times, peple must persevere in spite f bstacles t realize their dreams. Cllette Divitt is a talented baker wh managed t d just that. She used her bright persnality, determinatin, and talent t becme an entrepreneur.
Cllette Divitt was brn in Bstn. Like many thers, after graduating frm cllege, she wanted t get a jb. She went t many jb interviews, but she kept getting rejected. Many emplyers said she was “nt the right fit”. Divitt believed she was being rejected s ften in that she was brn with Dwn syndrme, which is a genetic disrder related t a persn’s chrmsmes. Peple with Dwn syndrme ften have intellectual r physical disabilities.
Facing many jb rejectins, Divitt felt discuraged and hurt. She felt she wanted t pen her wn business and be her wn bss. She thught abut her hbbies and passins. Divitt knew she lved baking. She wuld always create delicius recipes t share with her family and friends. One f these recipes was fr a chclate chip ckie rlled in cinnamn sugar. Her mm tasted the ckies and urged her t write dwn the recipe t make them again. Divitt began baking and selling her chclate ckies lcally, calling her business “Cllettey’s Ckies”. She tk her ckies t a lcal grcery stre named Glden Gse Market. Immediately after tasting the ckies, the market decided t sell Devitt’s ckies. Glden Gse Market became Divitt’s first client. Eventually, a televisin statin shared the stry f Divitt’s cckie business. Her stry went viral!
Divitt didn’t just create Cllectey’s Ckies t sell delicius baked gds. She has a great ambitin t expand her business s that she can hire as many peple as pssible. Currently, many f her emplyees have disabilities. Divitt als wants nn-disabled business wners t see the strengths and talents f peple with disabilities. The majrity f disabled peple wh can wrk cannt find paying jbs. Even when they d get jbs, they are ften paid less than the minimum wage. Divitt wants t change these statistics. She wants t make sure peple with disabilities get jbs that pay fairly.
1．What did Cllette think was the prbable reasn fr her jb rejectins?
A．She wanted t run her wn business.
B．She was nt equal t these jbs.
C．She was nt perseverant enugh t face bstacles.
D．She was prejudiced fr her disability.
2．Which f the fllwing best describe hw she made “Cllettey’s Ckies” a success?
A．She fully tk advantage f scial cnnectins.
B．She turned her passin fr baking int a thriving business.
C．She had her ckies prmted n televisin.
D．She emplyed a team f disabled peple.
3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Divitt’s attitude t the disabled.
B．Divitt’s strategy f expanding the business.
C．Divitt’s quality f being an entrepreneur.
D．Divitt’s missin t empwer the disabled with jb pprtunities.
4．What des the authr want t shw by telling the stry?
A．Nthing seeks, nthing finds.
B．Success and rest dn’t sleep tgether.
C．Sharp tls make gd wrk.
D．Birth is much, but breeding (养育) is mre.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了科丽特·迪威托参加了许多求职面试，但总是被拒绝，后来她用自己聪明的性格、决心和才能成为了一名企业家，她的许多员工都有残疾，她希望确保残疾人能得到待遇公平的工作。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Divitt believed she was being rejected s ften in that she was brn with Dwn syndrme, which is a genetic disrder related t a persn’s chrmsmes. Peple with Dwn syndrme ften have intellectual r physical disabilities.(迪威托认为，她被拒绝的次数太多了，因为她生来就患有唐氏综合症，这是一种与人的染色体有关的遗传疾病。唐氏综合症患者通常有智力或身体残疾)”可知，科丽特认为她被拒的可能原因是她因残疾而受到歧视。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She thught abut her hbbies and passins. Divitt knew she lved baking.(她想了想自己的爱好和激情。迪威托知道她喜欢烘焙)”和“Her mm tasted the ckies and urged her t write dwn the recipe t make them again. Divitt began baking and selling her chclate ckies lcally, calling her business “Cllettey’s Ckies”.(她的妈妈品尝了饼干，并敦促她写下食谱，再次制作。迪威托开始在当地烘焙和销售她的巧克力饼干，称她的业务为“Cllettey’s ckies”)”可知，迪威托将自己对烘焙的热情转化为一项蓬勃发展的事业。故选B。
3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Currently, many f her emplyees have disabilities. Divitt als wants nn-disabled business wners t see the strengths and talents f peple with disabilities. The majrity f disabled peple wh can wrk cannt find paying jbs. Even when they d get jbs, they are ften paid less than the minimum wage. Divitt wants t change these statistics. She wants t make sure peple with disabilities get jbs that pay fairly.(目前，她的许多员工都有残疾。迪威托还希望非残疾人企业主看到残疾人的优势和才能。大多数能工作的残疾人找不到有报酬的工作。即使他们找到了工作，他们的工资也往往低于最低工资。迪威托希望改变这些统计数据。她希望确保残疾人能得到待遇公平的工作)”可知，第四段主要讲述了迪威托想为残疾人提供更多的就业机会。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Like many thers, after graduating frm cllege, she wanted t get a jb. She went t many jb interviews, but she kept getting rejected.(和其他许多人一样，大学毕业后，她想找份工作。她参加了许多求职面试，但总是被拒绝)”，第三段中的“Divitt began baking and selling her chclate ckies lcally, calling her business “Cllettey’s Ckies”.(迪威托开始在当地烘焙和销售她的巧克力饼干，称她的业务为“Cllettey’s ckies”)”及第四段中的“Divitt didn’t just create Cllectey’s Ckies t sell delicius baked gds. She has a great ambitin t expand her business s that she can hire as many peple as pssible.(迪威托不仅仅是为了销售美味的烘焙食品而制作Cllecey’s Ckies。她有一个很大的野心，就是要扩大自己的业务，以便能够雇佣尽可能多的人)”可推知，作者想通过讲述故事来展示“无所求则无所获”的道理。故选A。
6.【山东省济宁市2022-2023学年高三统考】
Emplyers tday tend t hire students wh truly made the mst f their time n campus. Getting invlved in an extracurricular club culd be ne f yur highlights.
Media & Publicatin Club
It fcuses n publishing a campus newspaper, creating a website, r writing ads. The skill sets required t successfully create media tday are incredibly varied. Yu may have a passin fr the written wrd r lve graphic design. Whatever the case, yu are likely t find yur place within the club.
Academic Club
This club is amng the mst ppular n campus, which can be a great benefit t a degree-seeker, because they allw yu t cnnect with ther students in the same majr and ften even t netwrk with prfessinals frm industries in which yu plan t seek emplyment after graduatin.
Cmmunity Service Club
If yu are eager t make a difference t the wrld, the club fcusing n serving thers might be the perfect match fr yu. This club is intended fr children, senirs, underserved ppulatins, animals, the envirnment, and s n. If yu have a desire t help, the pprtunity t serve likely exists n yur campus.
Sprts & Recreatin Club
If yu are passinate abut the sprt yu’re pursuing, it des nt matter if yu aren’t playing at the Natinal Cllegiate Athletic Assciatin (NCAA) level. Club sprts are usually nt regulated by the rules f the NCAA, but yu have chances t travel t ther clleges in rder t cmpete. The level f cmpetitin is generally nt quite as intense, which makes club sprts an extremely ppular ptin if yu’re just lking t play fr fun.
1．Which club ffers a chance t wrk with yur ptential clleagues?
A．Media & Publicatin Grup.B．Academic Club.
C．Cmmunity Service Club.D．Sprts & Recreatin Club.
2．What d we knw abut the Sprts & Recreatin Club?
A．It must fllw the NCAA rules.
B．It can hld interschl cmpetitins.
C．It ffers intense training frm time t time.
D．It nly admits members with NCAA levels.
3．Wh is the text targeted at?
A．Emplyers.B．Prfessrs.
C．Undergraduates.D．Children.
【答案】1．B2．B3．C
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是四个课外俱乐部的相关信息。
1．细节理解题。根据Academic Club部分的“because they allw yu t cnnect with ther students in the same majr and ften even t netwrk with prfessinals frm industries in which yu plan t seek emplyment after graduatin.（因为它们可以让你和其他同专业的学生建立联系，甚至经常可以和你毕业后打算找工作的行业的专业人士建立联系。）”可知，学术俱乐部为你提供了一个与未来同事一起工作的机会，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Sprts & Recreatin Club部分的“Club sprts are usually nt regulated by the rules f the NCAA, but yu have chances t travel t ther clleges in rder t cmpete.（俱乐部运动通常不受NCAA规则的约束，但你有机会去其他大学参加比赛）”可知，Sprts & Recreatin Club可以举办校际比赛。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Emplyers tday tend t hire students wh truly made the mst f their time n campus. Getting invlved in an extracurricular club culd be ne f yur highlights.（现在的雇主倾向于雇佣那些真正充分利用了在校时间的学生。参加课外俱乐部可能是你的亮点之一）”推知，这篇文章针对的是大学生，故选C。