新高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题11：阅读理解微技能之主旨大意（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题11：阅读理解微技能之主旨大意（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题11阅读理解微技能之主旨大意解析版doc、新高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题11阅读理解微技能之主旨大意原题版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共41页， 欢迎下载使用。

【思维导图】
【主旨大意题微技能】
一、文章大意题
每一篇文章都有其大意，获取大意的方法是找主题句。主题句通常在文章的首段或尾段，但是有时候也出现在文章中间段落。阅读的过程中应该对每段的主题句给予特别的关注。“主题句定位法”是解答主旨大意题的一种行之有效的方法。有些文章有明确的主题句，对于这类文章，寻找主题句多采用浏览法。浏览时，一般不用逐句细看，只要选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句等，重点搜索与主题相关的信息。主题句的位置一般有以下几种：
(1)主题句出现在文首。文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。
(2)主题句出现在文末。文章先表述细节，之后在文末归纳概括出主题。
(3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次升华主题。
(4)主题句出现在文章的中间。文章首先提出问题，对问题进行描述，讨论之后在文章的中间部分给出主题句，而后又做进一步的解释。
【典例剖析】
Fr sme peple, music is n fun at all. Abut fur percent f the ppulatin is what scientists call “amusic.” Peple wh are amusic are brn withut the ability t recgnize r reprduce musical ntes (音调). Amusic peple ften cannt tell the difference between tw sngs. Amusics can nly hear the difference between tw ntes if they are very far apart n the musical scale.
As a result, sngs sund like nise t an amusic. Many amusics cmpare the sund f music t pieces f metal hitting each ther. Life can be hard fr amusics. Their inability t enjy music set them apart frm thers. It can be difficult fr ther peple t identify with their cnditin. In fact, mst peple cannt begin t grasp what it feels like t be amusic. Just ging t a restaurant r a shpping mall can be uncmfrtable r even painful. That is why many amusics intentinally stay away frm places where there is music. Hwever, this can result in withdrawal and scial islatin. “I used t hate parties,” says Margaret, a seventy-year-ld wman wh nly recently discvered that she was amusic. By studying peple like Margaret, scientists are finally learning hw t identify this unusual cnditin.
Scientists say that the brains f amusics are different frm the brains f peple wh can appreciate music. The difference is cmplex, and it desn’t invlve defective hearing. Amusics can understand ther nnmusical sunds well. They als have n prblems understanding rdinary speech. Scientists cmpare amusics t peple wh just can’t see certain clrs.
Many amusics are happy when their cnditin is finally diagnsed (诊断). Fr years, Margaret felt embarrassed abut her prblem with music. Nw she knws that she is nt alne. There is a name fr her cnditin. That makes it easier fr her t explain. “When peple invite me t a cncert, I just say, “N thanks, I’m ‘amusic,’” says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned t say that when I was seventeen and nt seventy.”
What is the passage mainly cncerned with?
A. Amusics’ strange behaviurs.B. Sme peple’s inability t enjy music.
C. Musical talent and brain structure.D. Identificatin and treatment f amusics.
答案 B
[解析] 主旨大意。整篇文章主要讲述―一些人没有欣赏音乐的能力.要准确深刻地理解一篇文章，则必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉。文章的第一段告诉读者：大约4%的人音乐对于他们而言，没有任何乐趣可言，他们没有辨别与再现音调的能力；第二段讲述歌曲对于没有乐感的人来说听起来像噪音，以及由此给他们的生活带来的不便；第三段分析了原因，是因为他们的大脑与能欣赏音乐的人的大脑不同造成的，但这又不同于有听力障碍的人；最后一段以Margaret为例，说明他们的这种状况最终得以诊断。因此，可以排除A项―没有乐感的人奇怪行为C项―音乐才能与大脑结构以及D项―没乐感的人的区别与治疗，锁定答案B项。
二、标题归纳题
标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些贯穿整篇文章始终的关键词。干扰项特点：以偏概全；.断章取义；主题扩大；张冠李戴；无中生有。
【典例剖析】
Much infrmatin can be clearly cnveyed，purely thrugh ur eyes，s the expressin “eyes als talk” is ften heard.
Can yu recall any experience that further prves this statement？On a bus yu may quickly glance at a stranger, but nt make eye cntact. If he senses that he is being stared at, he may feel uncmfrtable.
It is the same in daily life. If yu are lked at fr mre than necessary, yu will lk at yurself up and dwn t see if there is anything wrng with yu. If nthing ges wrng, yu will feel angry abut ther's stare at yu that way. Eyes d speak, right?
Lking t lng at smene may seem t be rude and aggressive. But things are different when it cmes t staring at the ppsite sex. If a man lks at a wman fr mre than 10 secnds and refuses t avert his gaze, his intentins are bvius. That is, he wishes t attract her attentin, t make her understand that he is admiring her.
Hwever, the nrmal eye cntact fr tw peple engaged in cnversatin is that the speaker will nly lk at the listener frm time t time, in rder t make sure that the listener des pay attentin t what the frmer is speaking, t tell him that he is attentive.
If a speaker lks at yu cntinuusly when speaking, as if he tries t dminate yu，yu will feel discncerted. A pr liar usually expses himself by lking t lng at the victim，since he believes the false idea that t lk straight in the eye is a sign f hnest cmmunicatin.
In fact，cntinuus eye cntact is cnfined t lvers nly，wh will enjy lking at each ther tenderly fr a lng time, t shw affectin that wrds cannt express.
Evidently, eye cntact shuld be dne accrding t the relatinship between tw peple and specific situatin.
What may be the best title fr the text?
A．Eyes Can Speak.
B．Eye Cntact Matters.
C．Dn't Stare at Others.
D．Use Yur Eye Cntact.
答案 A
[解析] 标题归纳题。根据文中第一段的相关内容再结合下文对“眼睛会说话”这一观点进行举例说明可知，文章的标题就是“眼睛会说话”，故选A项。
三、段落大意题
每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落主题句通常会出现在段落的首句或尾句，有时也会在中间。在阅读中应尽量利用有关信息确定主题句的位置。一般说来，采用归纳法写的段落主题句出现在段尾；采用演绎法写的段落主题句出现在段首；若文章按照“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式来写，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，文章中没有出现主题句，要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。主题句的把握：开门见山：提出主题——细节论述——阐明主题；段末点睛：细节描述——归纳要点——概括主题；段中点旨：细节描述——归纳主题——解释说明。
【典例剖析】
Viewing childhd develpment as a scientific investigatin thrws light n hw children learn，but it als ffers an inspiring lk at science and scientists.Why d yung children and scientists seem t be s much alike? Psychlgists have suggested that science as an effrt—the desire t explre, explain, and understand ur wrld—is simply smething that cmes frm ur babyhd.Perhaps evlutin prvided human babies with curisity and a natural drive t explain their wrlds, and adult scientists simply make use f the same drive that served them as children.The same cgnitive(认知的) systems that make yung children feel gd abut figuring smething ut may have been adpted by adult scientists.As sme psychlgists put it, “It is nt that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”
What is the main idea f the last paragraph?
A．The wrld may be mre clearly explained thrugh children’s play.
B．Studying babies’ play may lead t a better understanding f science.
C．Children may have greater ability t figure ut things than scientists.
D．One’s drive fr scientific research may becme strnger as he grws.
答案 B
[解析] 段落大意题。根据本段内容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要讲“研究孩子的游戏可以让人们更好地理解科学”，故选B。
四、写作意图题
一般来说，写作意图题也是主旨大意题的一种(也有人把它归为推理判断题)，写作目的可以是段落的写作目的，也可以是文章的写作目的，对于文章写作目的而言，主要有以下几种：
广告推销某种产品或某种服务，或是通过影片、图书、电视节目、旅游景点等的介绍以吸引更多的观众、读者或游客等
说明文向人们展示某物的用途或制作过程
议论文论述一个道理或表达一个观点
记叙文向人们分享经历、叙述一件事情或表达情感等
【典例剖析】
In 1812，the year Charles Dickens was brn，there were 66 nvels published in Britain.Peple had been writing nvels fr a century—mst experts date the first nvel t Rbinsn Cruse in 1719—but nbdy wanted t d it prfessinally.The steam-pwered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字)rate in England was under 50%.Many wrks f fictin appeared withut the names f the authrs，ften with smething like “By a lady”.Nvels，fr the mst part，were lked upn as silly，immral r just plain bad.
Hw did Dickens get t the tp? Fr all the feelings readers attach t stries，literature is a numbers game，and the test f time is extremely difficult t pass.Sme 60，000 nvels were published during the Victrian age，frm 1837 t 1901; tday a casual reader might be able t name a half-dzen f them.It’s partly true that Dickens’style f writing attracted audiences frm all walks f life.It’s partly that his writings rde a wave f scial，plitical and scientific prgress.But it’s als that he rewrte the culture f literature and put himself at the center.N ne will ever knw what mix f talent，ambitin，energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.But as the 200th anniversary f his birth appraches，it is pssible—and imprtant fr ur wn culture—t understand hw he made himself a lasting ne.
What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A.T remember a great writer.
B.T intrduce an English nvel.
C.T encurage studies n culture.
D.T prmte values f the Victrian age.
答案 A
[解析] 本题为写作意图题。本文为夹叙夹议文，根据文中对查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的介绍，和文章最后一句可知，本文写于查尔斯·狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念查尔斯·狄更斯这位伟大的作家。
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真题演练

1. 标题归纳类
【例】(2021·全国乙卷·C篇)Yu've heard that plastic is plluting the ceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re­examine their relatinship t single­use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse，” a pair f 10­ft­tall plastic waves, frzen mid­crash. Made f 168，000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce (来源) f plastic pllutin, but they've recently cme under fire because mst peple dn't need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that's part f Vn Wng's artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad's wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic，” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10，000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they'd been dumped (倾倒) frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
31．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Artists' Opinins n Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Cntemprary Art
C．Respnsibility Demanded f Big Cmpanies
D．Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
【答案】D
【解析】标题判断题。通读全文可知，作者讲述了艺术家Benjamin Vn Wng(本杰明·冯·王)用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑以期望唤起人们对环保问题的关注的事迹，因此D项(海洋塑料变雕塑)适合作文章标题。故选D。
2. 文章大意类
【例】(2020·全国卷Ⅲ·C篇)With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin (孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther­in­law, she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three­strey Victrian huse in Bristl—ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing a huse，” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it's a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther­in­law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It's hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325，000 in 2001 t 419，000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25­34­year­lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband's family when they get married.
31．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Lifestyles in different cuntries.
B．Cnflicts between generatins.
C．A husing prblem in Britain.
D．A rising trend f living in the UK.
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着孤独的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。由此可知，文章主要讲述了聚居在英国是一种呈上升趋势的生活方式。故选D。
3. 段落大意类
【例】(2020·全国卷Ⅲ·B篇)The creative team behind “Apes” used mtin­capture (动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that recrds an actr's perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (图像). In this case, ne f a realistic­lking ape.
25．What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A．The cst f making “Apes.”
B．The creatin f digitalized apes.
C．The publicity abut “Apes.”
D．The perfrmance f real apes.
【答案】B
【解析】段落大意题。 根据本段第一句可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术来创造数字化动物，在记录演员表演和后期加工处理上花费了上千万美元，最后创造出了猿的图像。由此可知，本段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B。
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好题必测
2022年6月新高考I卷D篇
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
【答案】 A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the s Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。
2021年6月新高考2卷C篇
A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (变革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl, her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness,that has been ur strength fr centuries."
11. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bring Artists t SchlsB. When Histrians Meet Artists
C. Arts Educatin in BritainD. The Wrld's Best Arts Teacher
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafiraku, a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin. “We are ging t make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafiraku)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafiraku用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A。
2021年6月全国甲卷D篇
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender（性别）are "really, really smart." Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are "really, really smart." Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs（因素） like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance（毅力）, and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld."
4.What is the best title fr the text?
A.Geniuses Think Alike
B.Genius Takes Many Frms
C.Genius and Intelligence
D.Genius and Luck
【解析】主旨大意题。A项（天才的想法相同）文章没有涉及；C项（天才和智力）只是文章的一个细节不能作为文章的主旨； D项（天才和运气）也只是在文章的最后稍微提起，也只是文章的一个小细节。根据文章的最后一句As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with "intelligence, creativity, perseverance（毅力）, and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有 "智慧、创造力和毅力" 的人和简单的好运，那些能改变世界的人。纵观全文可知，天成具有多样性，故选B项。
2021年6月全国乙卷C篇
Yu've heard that plastic is plluting the cean—between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called "Strawpcalypse, " a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168, 000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce（来源）f plastic pllutin, but they've recently cme under fire because mst peple dn't need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that's part f Vn Wng's artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad's wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled "Trucklad f Plastic, " Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10, 000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they'd been dumped（倾倒） frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
4.Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A.Artists' Opinins n Plastic Safety
B.Media Interest in Cntemprary Art
C.Respnsibility Demanded f Big Cmpanies
D.Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
【解析】主旨大意题。本文围绕环保话题，介绍了一位叫本杰明的艺术家，试图用塑料垃圾创作雕塑作品，唤起公众对塑料垃圾的重视。故选D。
2021年6月浙江卷B篇
We live in a twn with three beaches. There are tw parks less than 10 minutes' walk frm hme where neighburhd children gather t play. Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it fr hurs. They are nt alne. Tday's children spend an average f fur and a half hurs a day lking at screens, split between watching televisin and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag, film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say "chclate" int his three-year-ld sn's ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself "marketing directr fr Nature". He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
"Just five mre minutes utdrs can make a difference, " David Bnd says. "There is a lt f really interesting evidence which seems t be suggesting that if children are inspired up t the age f seven, then being utdrs will be a habit fr life." His wn children have gt int the habit f playing utside nw: "We just send them ut int the garden and tell them nt t cme back in fr a while."
Summer is upn us. There is an amazing wrld ut there, and it needs ur children as much as they need it. Let us get them ut and let them play.
4.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.Let Children Have Fun
B.Yung Children Need Mre Free Time
C.Market Nature t Children
D.David Bnd: A Rle Mdel fr Children
【解析】.主旨大意题。文章首段阐述现状，即孩子们花太多时间在电子屏幕上，紧接着提到了作者为呼吁孩子们走进大自然拍摄了纪录片，希望孩子们能多花些时间在户外运动上。因此本篇文章主要内容为：向孩子们 "推销" 自然，故选C。
2021年3月天津卷C篇
A trial prject by the Mntreal Children's Hspital suggested that the use f medical hypnsis （催眠）can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The prject als resulted in a reductin in the amunt f medicines used t perfrm medical-imaging （医学影像） prcedures.
"During the examinatin children dn't mve. It wrks perfectly. It's amazing," said Jhanne L'Ecuyer, a medical-imaging technlgist at the hspital.
The prject was inspired by a French team frm Ruen University Hspital Centre where examinatins are dne under hypnsis instead f general anesthesia （麻醉）.
A French medical-imaging technlgist—als a hypntist—was invited t train a few members in the medical-imaging department f the children's hspital. In all, 80 examinatins were cnducted fr the prject between January and September, 2019, fcusing n the imaging prcedures that wuld cause anxiety.
Hypnsis is nt a state f sleep: It is rather a mdified （改变的）state f cnsciusness. The technlgist will guide the patient t this mdified state—an imaginary wrld that will disassciate itself mre and mre frm the prcedure that fllws.
"The technlgist must build up a stry with the patient," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "The patient is left with the pwer t chse what he wants t talk abut. D yu play sprts? D yu like ging t the beach? We establish a subject that we will discuss thrughut the prcedure."
Everything that happens next during the prcedure must be related t this stry—an injectin （注射）becmes the bite f an insect; the heat n the skin becmes the sensatin f the sun and a machine that rings becmes a plice car passing nearby.
"The imprtant thing is that the technlgist assciates what is happening utside the patient's bdy with what the patient sees in his head," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. "It requires creativity n the part f the technlgist, imaginatin, a lt f patience and kindness."
The prcedure appealed t the staff a lt when it was intrduced in January. "It spread like wildfire that smene frm France was here t train the technlgists," Ms. L'Ecuyer said. She added that she had a line f staff at her dr wanting t take the training
6.What is the passage mainly abut?
A.An easy way t cmmunicate with patients.
B.The standard methd f cnducting hypnsis.
C.An intrductin f medical-imaging technlgy.
D.The use f hypnsis in medical-imaging prcedures.
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段 "A trial prject by the Mntreal Children's Hspital…and anxiety in patients. The prject als resulted in a reductin in the amunt f medicines used t perfrm medical-imaging （医学影像） prcedures.(蒙特利尔儿童医院的一个试验项目表明催眠技术的使用可以减轻病人的痛苦和焦虑。一位法国医学影像技术专家——也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工)" 可知，全文主要讲述催眠技术在医学影像程序中的应用。故选：D。
2021年3月天津卷D篇
There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist. Knwing a little abut a lt f things that interest yu can add t the richness f a whle, well-lived life.
Sciety pushes us t specialize, t becme experts. This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. There is a great deal f pressure t master ne's field. Yu may pursue training, degrees, r increasing levels f respnsibility at wrk. Then yu discver the pressure f having t keep up.
Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. But such cmmitment can als weaken a sense f freedm. These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night, then lk back and realize they wuld have lved t have gne hme and enjyed the sweetness f their family and friends, r traveled t exciting places, meeting interesting peple. Mastering ne thing t the exclusin （排除）f thers can hld back yur true spirit.
Generalists, n the ther hand, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins. They are peple f ability, talent, and enthusiasm wh can bring their brad perspective （视角）int specific fields f expertise（专长）. The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.
Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are. My editr Tni, wh is als a writer, has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy. "I dn't knw where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm n this pursuit."
These expansins int new wrlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin t see the intercnnectedness f ne thing t anther in all aspects f ur life, f urselves and the universe. Develp brad, general knwledge and experience. The universe is all yurs t explre and enjy.
5.What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A.Be Mre a Generalist Than a Specialist
B.Specialist r Generalist: Hard t Decide
C.Turn a Generalist int a Specialist
D.Ways t Becme a Generalist
【解析】主旨题。文章第一段第一句提出观点 "There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist. （作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才）" 。根据文章第二段第三句 "The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less." 可知，成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深。根据文章第四段第一句 "Generalists, n the ther hand, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins." 可知，当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。根据上述内容可知，作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为 "Be Mre a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）" 。故选A。
2021年1月浙江卷C篇
Researchers say they have translated the meaning f gestures that wild chimpanzees（黑猩猩）use t cmmunicate. They say wild chimps cmmunicate 19 specific messages t ne anther with a "vcabulary" f 66 gestures. The scientists discvered this by fllwing and filming grups f chimps in Uganda, and examining mre than 5, 000 incidents f these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hbaiter, wh led the research, said that this was the nly frm f intentinal cmmunicatin t be recrded in the animal kingdm. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system f cmmunicatin where they deliberately sent a message t anther grup member.
"That's what's s amazing abut chimp gestures, " she said. "They're the nly thing that lks like human language in that respect."
Althugh previus research has shwn that apes and mnkeys can understand cmplex infrmatin frm anther animal's call, the animals d nt appear t use their vices intentinally t cmmunicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hbaiter said.
Chimps will check t see if they have the attentin f the animal with which they wish t cmmunicate. In ne case, a mther presents her ft t her crying baby, signaling: "Climb n me." The yungster immediately jumps n t its mther's back and they travel ff tgether. "The big message frm this study is that there is anther species（物种）ut there that is meaningful in its cmmunicatin, s that's nt unique t humans, " said Dr Hbaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evlutinary bilgist frm the University f Manchester, said the study was praisewrthy in seeking t enrich ur knwledge f the evlutin f human language. But, she added, the results were "a little disappinting".
"The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins, " she said. "Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains."
4.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A.Chimpanzee behaviur study achieved a breakthrugh
B.Chimpanzees develped specific cmmunicatin skills
C.Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdm
D.Chimpanzee language: cmmunicatin gestures translated
【解析】主旨题。 通读全文可以判断出这篇文章主要介绍了黑猩猩可以使用手势去传递信息的相关研究以及一些研究人员的看法。对应的就是选项D。 选项A犯了主旨大意题典型的易错选项特征：以偏概全。文章中只有前半部分在将这个新研究的突破性，但是后半部分介绍了其局限性。选项BC都是与原文相关性不大。故答案为D。
2021年1月浙江卷C篇
Researchers say they have translated the meaning f gestures that wild chimpanzees（黑猩猩）use t cmmunicate. They say wild chimps cmmunicate 19 specific messages t ne anther with a "vcabulary" f 66 gestures. The scientists discvered this by fllwing and filming grups f chimps in Uganda, and examining mre than 5, 000 incidents f these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hbaiter, wh led the research, said that this was the nly frm f intentinal cmmunicatin t be recrded in the animal kingdm. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system f cmmunicatin where they deliberately sent a message t anther grup member.
"That's what's s amazing abut chimp gestures, " she said. "They're the nly thing that lks like human language in that respect."
Althugh previus research has shwn that apes and mnkeys can understand cmplex infrmatin frm anther animal's call, the animals d nt appear t use their vices intentinally t cmmunicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hbaiter said.
Chimps will check t see if they have the attentin f the animal with which they wish t cmmunicate. In ne case, a mther presents her ft t her crying baby, signaling: "Climb n me." The yungster immediately jumps n t its mther's back and they travel ff tgether. "The big message frm this study is that there is anther species（物种）ut there that is meaningful in its cmmunicatin, s that's nt unique t humans, " said Dr Hbaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evlutinary bilgist frm the University f Manchester, said the study was praisewrthy in seeking t enrich ur knwledge f the evlutin f human language. But, she added, the results were "a little disappinting".
"The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins, " she said. "Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains."
4.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A.Chimpanzee behaviur study achieved a breakthrugh
B.Chimpanzees develped specific cmmunicatin skills
C.Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdm
D.Chimpanzee language: cmmunicatin gestures translated
【解析】.主旨题。 通读全文可以判断出这篇文章主要介绍了黑猩猩可以使用手势去传递信息的相关研究以及一些研究人员的看法。对应的就是选项D。 选项A犯了主旨大意题典型的易错选项特征：以偏概全。文章中只有前半部分在将这个新研究的突破性，但是后半部分介绍了其局限性。选项BC都是与原文相关性不大。故答案为D。
_____
题型组合练
1.【安徽省皖江名校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学摸底考】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why d peple find it s hard t cncentrate while studying r wrking? Perhaps it’s because the distractins (干扰) arund are t much t resist. I remember thse days befre my schl exams, when I shwed n interest in lessns r assignments. This is because we feel that ur wrk r studies are bring. ____36____
Make the wrk exciting. Nw the general assumptin is that the ne wrk in hand is wrth a lt less than tw ther in the bush. ____37____ Psychlgists believe that if yu are really interested in what yu are ding, yu will refuse t see the distractins arund yu! S, t learn t cncentrate n wrk, yu first need t make the wrld exciting.
____38____ The target might be pretty lng sht. S try t set a shrt-term gals, and yu get a feeling f achievement each time. Effective gal-setting is a gd way t break up yur target int shrter gals and ensure that the prgress is accrding t the plan. The drive t achieve the targets and gals set fr yurself will keep yu fcused.
Keep all the distractins away. When yu’re wrking, anything can distract yu. S, keep them all away. Tell yur friends t call later, and keep the phne away. ____39____ Turn the TV and music player ff, and stay as far away frm them as pssible. Namely, keep all the distracting stuff ut f sight.
Reward yurself. Rewards are just as imprtant as anything else! If yu have cmpleted yur gals, give yurself mre than just a pat n the back. Treat yurself t smething yu feel yu deserve. ____40____
A. Pay attentin t yur future.
B. Set lng and shrt-term gals.
C. But why dn’t yu make it exciting?
D. Tell the peple arund yu t talk sftly.
E. Hence, it’s time t get rid f this idea altgether.
F. It is essential that yu maintain yur fcus, s that it gives yu an edge ver them!
G. This will help yu feel cmpensated fr yur effrts and push yu t realize yur gals.
【答案】36. E 37. C 38. B 39. D 40. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何在学习或工作时集中注意力。
【36题详解】
空前说“This is because we feel that ur wrk r studies are bring.(这是因为我们觉得我们的工作或学习很无聊。)”，空后讲了一些在学习或工作时集中注意力的方法，E选项“Hence, it’s time t get rid f this idea altgether.(因此，是时候彻底摆脱这种想法了。)”中的“this idea”指的是前面的“we feel that ur wrk r studies are bring(我们觉得我们的工作或学习很无聊)”，说明了我们不该有前面的想法，而应该按照下文的方法做，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
【37题详解】
本段主题句是“Make the wrk exciting.(让工作令人兴奋。)”，C选项“But why dn’t yu make it exciting?(但你为什么不让它更令人兴奋呢？)”和主题句一致，且和后文的“S, t learn t cncentrate n wrk, yu first need t make the wrld exciting.(所以，要学会专注于工作，你首先需要让世界变得令人兴奋。)”中的“make the wrld exciting(让世界变得令人兴奋)”相一致，因此说明了要让工作变得令人兴奋，因此C选项承上启下，符合语境，故选C。
【38题详解】
空格处是本段的主题句，根据空后的“The target might be pretty lng sht. S try t set a shrt-term gals, and yu get a feeling f achievement each time.(目标可能是长远的。所以试着设定一个短期目标，每次你都会有成就感。)”可知，B选项“Set lng and shrt-term gals.(设定长期和短期目标。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选B。
【39题详解】
空前说“When yu’re wrking, anything can distract yu. S, keep them all away. Tell yur friends t call later, and keep the phne away.(当你工作的时候，任何事情都可能让你分心。所以，把它们都赶走。告诉你的朋友待会再打来，把电话放远。)”，这是远离干扰的方法，D选项“Tell the peple arund yu t talk sftly.(告诉你周围的人轻声说话。)”也是远离干扰的方法，因此D选项承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
【40题详解】
空前说“If yu have cmpleted yur gals, give yurself mre than just a pat n the back. Treat yurself t smething yu feel yu deserve.(如果你已经完成了你的目标，不要只给自己一些鼓励。用你觉得你值得的东西犒劳一下自己。)”，G选项“This will help yu feel cmpensated fr yur effrts and push yu t realize yur gals.(这会让你觉得自己的努力得到了补偿，并推动你实现目标。)”说的是犒劳自己的好处，因此G选项承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
2.【河南省豫东名校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学摸底联考】
Clr can affect mds, emtins and even actins. This includes sleep and health. In ancient cultures, clr therapy is even used as a methd f healing.
The clr blue has been thught t stimulate (促进) a sleep state. Expsure t blue light can help lwer bdy temperature and bld pressure. A decrease in bld pressure and bdy temperature is the preparatin that signals t the bdy that it’s time t sleep. Therefre, seeing the clr blue when yu are ready t rest may cause the respnse and help yu fall asleep mre easily.
While there is much evidence that blue is the best chice fr yur bedrm walls, it’s really the tne that influences yur sleep, nt the clr itself. Deep blue r ther neutral (中性的) tnes will even make a small bedrm seem mre spacius.
While sft clrs and earth tnes are the mst calming and restful bedrm clrs fr sleep, bright clrs prevent yur brain activity. These clrs stimulate brain activity and stp yu frm falling asleep. While many parents paint their children’s rms with bright clrs, it’s better t chse fun, playful clrs in gentle tnes t encurage their kids t g t sleep. Light yellw, green and blue are all amazing chices t paint yur children’s bedrm.
What yu shuld remember is that never paint yur bedrm walls purple! Purple stimulates creative thught and can lead t extremely vivid nightmares. Other bad chices fr bedrm clrs include bright reds and bright ranges. These clrs stimulate the brain and increase energy. Fr example, red causes passin, increases energy and may even help yu mve mre quickly. It may be a better chice fr yur hme gym than fr yur sleep space.
Regardless f the size f yur rm, there are a few tnes that we suggest fr creating a healthy space fr deep sleep. The mst imprtant factr is that yu feel relaxed, calm and restful in the rm. Yu shuld als keep yur bedrm free frm mess as much as pssible and keep it clean. In yur bedrm, sleep shuld be yur main fcus.
8. What is the effect the clr blue has n peple?
A. It can cause high bld pressure.B. It can keep the brain active.
C. It can adjust the sleep state.D. It can cl the bdy dwn.
9. Which clr can help make the rm lk larger?
A. Light grey.B. Deep pink.C. Deep red.D. Orange.
10. What’s Paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Ways t make sure f gd sleep. B. Bad clrs fr the bedrm.
C. Clr and brain activities.D. The advice n health.
11. What plays a key rle in sleep?
A. The rm is decrated well.B. The rm is free frm rubbish.
C. The rm makes yu feel at ease.D. The rm shws different tnes.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了房间颜色对睡眠的影响，以及如何选择房间的颜色。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Expsure t blue light can help lwer bdy temperature and bld pressure.(接触蓝色光有助于降低体温和血压)”可知，蓝色可以帮助降低体温和血压。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Deep blue r ther neutral tnes will even make a small bedrm seem mre spacius.(深蓝色或其他中性色调甚至会让小卧室看起来更宽敞)”可知，中性色调能够让房间看起来更加宽敞。再结合选项所给颜色可知，浅灰色属于中性色调，由此推知，这种颜色可以让房间看起来更大。故选A。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段“What yu shuld remember is that never paint yur bedrm walls purple! Purple stimulates creative thught and can lead t extremely vivid nightmares. Other bad chices fr bedrm clrs include bright reds and bright ranges. These clrs stimulate the brain and increase energy. Fr example, red causes passin, increases energy and may even help yu mve mre quickly. It may be a better chice fr yur hme gym than fr yur sleep space.(你应该记住的是永远不要把卧室的墙壁漆成紫色！紫色能激发创造性思维，并能导致极其生动的噩梦。卧室颜色的其他不好选择包括亮红色和亮橙色。这些颜色刺激大脑，增加能量。例如，红色可以激发激情，增加能量，甚至可以帮助你更快地行动。这可能是一个更好的选择，为您的家庭健身房，而不是为您的睡眠空间)”可知，本段要介绍了一些不利于睡眠的颜色。故选B。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The mst imprtant factr is that yu feel relaxed, calm and restful in the rm.(最重要的因素是你在房间里感到放松、平静和宁静)”可知，一个让人感到轻松自在的房间是保持良好睡眠的最重要的因素。故选C。
3【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研宄联盟）2022-2023学年髙三第一次联考】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词括号内单词的正确形式。
The first dmestic chickens we have fund lived n earlier than 3,670 years ag, suggesting they have a far shrter histry than we thught. These birds dn’t seem t have been raised fr their meat, ____56____ (make) it unclear what drve dmesticatin. The chickens alive tday descend frm a wild bird native t Suth-East Asia ____57____ (call) the red jungle fwl, but exactly ____58____ dmesticatin ccurred was unclear. Sme researchers have estimated that the first dmestic chicken lived mre than 6000 years ag, while thers claim ____59____ (find) chicken bnes at 10,000-year-ld sites. ____60____ analysis by Ophelie Lebrasseur at the Centre fr Anthrpbilgy and Genmics f Tuluse in France and her team cncludes that the ____61____ (early) clear evidence f dmestic chickens appeared between 1,650 BC and 1,250 BC at a site called Ban Nn Wat in central Thailand. Nt nly ____62____ (be) chicken bnes superabundant at the site, but there are signs that peple were buried with the birds, ____63____ Lebrasseur says makes a dmestic relatinship clear. Lebrasseur and her team suspect chicken dmesticatin might have been triggered by the ____64____ (appear) f cereal fanning in Suth-East Asia. “This created a mre pen, less tree-cvered envirnment, which is actually an envirnment where red jungle fwl thrive,” she says, “And they culd have fed ____65____ the waste frm human scieties.”
【答案】56. making 57. called 58. when 59. t have fund 60. An
61. earliest 62. are 63. which 64. appearance 65. n
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了家养鸡的历史。
【详解】1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些鸟似乎不是为了吃肉而饲养的，不清楚是什么驱动了驯化。分析可知，空处及之后的内容在句中为结果状语，所以此处用现在分词。故填making。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：今天活着的这些鸡是一种原产于东南亚的野生鸟类——红色丛林鸡的后代，但是确切的驯化时间还不清楚。分析可知，句中已有谓语动词descend，此处为过去分词作后置定语修饰名词a wild bird，意为“被叫做red jungle fwl的野鸟”，故填called。
3. 考查连词。句意同上。空处引导主语从句，从句成分完整，此处指究竟什么时候开始驯养鸡的还不明确，连接副词when“什么时候”，符合题意，故填when。
4. 考查非谓语。句意：一些研究人员估计，第一只家鸡生活在6000多年前，而其他人声称发现鸡骨头在10,000年前的遗址。claim t d sth“声称做某事”，是固定短语，且“发现”发生在“声称”之前，应用不定式的完成式，故填t have fund。
5. 考查冠词。句意：法国图卢兹人类生物学和基因组学中心的奥菲利·勒布拉瑟和她的研究小组的一项分析得出结论，最早明确的家鸡证据出现在公元前1650年至公元前1250年之间的泰国中部一个叫 Ban Nn Wat 的地方。analysis“研究”为可数名词，结合句中“analysis by Ophelie at the Centre fr Anthrpbilgy and Genmics f Tuluse in France and her team ”可知，此处指法国图卢兹人类生物学和基因组学中心的奥菲利·勒布拉瑟和她的研究小组的一项分析，所以表示泛指，因analysis的首个音素为元音音素，所以用不定冠词an，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填An。
6. 考查形容词最高级。句意同上。定冠词the用在形容词的最高级前面，此处指最早的证据出现在1,650 BC and 1,250 BC之间，故填earliest。
7. 考查主谓一致。句意：现场不仅有大量的鸡骨头，而且有迹象表明人们和这些鸟一起被埋葬，勒布拉塞尔说，这清楚地表明了家庭关系。主语为chicken bnes，且陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；故填are。
8. 考查定语从句。句意同上。分析可知，空处及其后内容为非限制定语从句，空处指代前面整句话，从句缺少主语，所以用关系代词which，故填which。
9. 考查名词。句意：勒布拉瑟和她的团队怀疑，东南亚谷物种植的出现可能引发了鸡的驯化。结合空前定冠词可知，此处要用名词。故填appearance。
10. 考查介词。句意：它们可以以人类社会的垃圾为食。固定短语：feed n以……为食。故填n。