新高考英语二轮语法回顾与训练学案---动词的时态语态（含答案）

这是一份新高考英语二轮语法回顾与训练学案---动词的时态语态（含答案），共11页。试卷主要包含了动词时态就是动作行为的时间状态，考点归纳等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2.考点归纳
一、一般现在时
1. 一般现在时用动词原形（d）（主语是第三人称单数用des）和be动词（is，am，are）构成。
2. 第三人称单数谓语动词变化规则是：
（1）一般情况加“-s”。
eat - eats; mve - mves; read - reads; shw - shws; spend - spends; wrk - wrks; write - writes
（2）以辅音加“y”结尾的词把“y”改成“i”，再加“-es”（但元音字母加“y”结尾的则直接加“-s”）。
bury - buries; carry - carries; clarify - clarifies; cpy - cpies; cry - cries; fly - flies; fry - fries; hurry - hurries; rely - relies; study - studies; try - tries; wrry - wrries。
（这些词是元音字母加“y”结尾）betray - betrays; cnvey - cnveys; delay - delays; destry - destrys; enjy - enjys; bey - beys; pay - pays; play - plays; pray - prays; stay - stays。
（3）以“, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的词加“-es”。
d - des; g - ges; pass - passes; guess - guesses; fix - fixes; apprach - appraches; catch - catches; teach - teaches; watch - watches; wash - washes
brush - brushes; finish - finishes; push - pushes; punish - punishes; publish - publishes; rush – rushes
（注意：以“th”结尾的词只加“s”。如：mnth - mnths）
3、一般现在时的用法。
（1）一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，常和always, ften, usually, smetimes, every day等时间状语连用。
On Mnday mrnings it usually takes me an hur t drive t wrk althugh the actual distance is nly 20 miles.
（2）一般现在时表示客观事实、客观规律或客观真理。
“Life is like walking in the snw,” Granny used t say, “because every step shws.”
（3）在时间或条件状语从句中，须用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态，而不用一般将来时。
Whenever yu buy a present, yu shuld think abut it frm the receiver’s pint f view.
（4）一般现在时常可表示计划或安排好的将来的动作，多用于g, cme, arrive, leave, start, pen, clse等动词，通常与表示将来的时间状语连用。
We leave Lndn n 15th July, and we’ll be flying t Mrcc, in nrthern Africa.
二、一般过去时
1、一般过去时用动词过去式（did）（be动词用was; were）构成。
2、行为动词加-ed的规则：
（1）一般情况下动词词尾加 ed。
ask - asked; destry - destryed; exist - existed; finish - finished; happen - happened; played - played; remain - remained; want - wanted; wrk - wrked
（2）以不发音的e结尾动词，动词词尾加d。
advise - advised; change - changed; decide - decided; decline - declined; desire - desired; face -
faced; frce - frced; judge - judged; like - liked; live - lived; require - required; urge - urged; wipe - wiped
（3）以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-ed。
bury - buried; carry - carried; cpy - cpied; cry - cried; empty - emptied; hurry - hurried; justify - justified; rely - relied; study - studied; try - tried; try - tried; wrry - wrried
（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed。
admit – admitted; ban - banned; drag - dragged; drp - drpped; grab - grabbed; ccur - ccurred;
permit – permitted; plan - planned; stp - stpped; scan - scanned; shp - shpped; sb - sbbed; swap - swapped; trap - trapped
（5）不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。
3、一般过去时的用法。
（1）一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，常和a mment ag, half an hur ag, just nw, yesterday, last week, in 2005, in thse days, at that time, in the past, the ther day等表示过去的时间状语连用。
Last year, hwever, nearly twenty billin tns f rice was prduced.
（2）表示过去时间内连续发生的几个动作。
He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it n t the cpy-editr.
（3）表示过去时间内经常的或习惯性的动作或状态。
I lived in Lndn fr many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decisin t mve back t China.
三、一般将来时
１. 一般将来时一般由“shall / will + 动词原形”构成，表示将来要发生的事。
Next mnth we will have ur schl pen day, which makes everyne excited.
2. “be ging t + 动词原形”结构表示打算做某事或即将发生某事。
The speech is ging t be at 3 p.m. n 9th Octber.
3. “be t + 动词原形”结构表示即将发生某事，或按计划安排要发生的事。
We are t finish this experiment in tw mnths at mst.
四、过去将来时
过去将来时一般由“shuld / wuld + 动词原形”构成，表示从过去某一时间看，即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
They always tld us that ne day we wuld mve int a huse, a real huse that wuld belng t us.
五、现在进行时
1. 现在进行时由“am / is / are + v.ing”构成。
2. 行为动词加-ing的规则：
（1）一般情况直接加-ing。
enjy - enjying; paint - painting; pass - passing; read - reading; watch - watching; wrk - wrking
（2）以不发音的e结尾的要去e加-ing。
hpe - hping; intrduce - intrducing; mve - mving; shave - shaving; taste - tasting; write - writing
（3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，要双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ing。
begin - beginning; cntrl - cntrlled; cut - cutting; drp - drpping; equip - equipping; get - getting; hit - hitting; plan - planning; prefer - preferring; put - putting; refer - referring; run - running; sit - sitting; set - setting; stp - stpping
（4）以ie结尾的动词要改ie为y，再加-ing。
die - dying; lie - lying; tie - tying
3. 现在进行时的用法：
（1）现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的事情。
Because my brther is filling in an applicatin frm fr a new jb, we dn’t bther him with these simple questins.
（2）现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。
Tday the number f peple learning English in China is increasing sharply.
（3）现在进行时常与always, frever, cnstantly等副词连用，带有厌恶、赞扬等感情色彩。
That she is always changing her mind ften annys thers.
六、过去进行时
1. 现在进行时由“was / were + 动词-ing”(v.-ing)构成。
2. 过去进行时表示过去某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作，常与at this / that time yesterday, the whle evening, all day yesterday等时间状语连用。
Jim was watching a late night film at hme when, right in the middle f a thrilling scene, the televisin went blank.
七、将来进行时
1. 将来进行时由“shall / will be + 现在分词”构成。
2. 将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般与表示将来的时间状语连用，如sn, tmrrw, this evening, n Sunday, at this time tmrrw, in tw days, tmrrw evening等。
Daniel’s family will be enjying their hliday in Huangshan this time next week.
八、现在完成时
1. 现在完成时由“have / has + 过去分词”构成。
现在完成时表示：
（1）它表示动作发生在过去，但其结果影响到现在。
（2）表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，还可能持续下去。
现在完成时的标志词有以下一些：since; since then; already; yet; lately; recently; f late; s far; till nw; up t nw; in / ver / fr / during the past days / weeks / mnths / years
The marathn has been an Olympic even since the mdern games started in 1896.
2. 现在完成时的特殊句型：
（1）It is the first / secnd time that sb + have / has + 过去分词。
It is the secnd time that Jhn has held an art exhibitin.
（2）It / This is the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 +（that）… have / has + 过去分词。
This is the mst interesting bk that I have read.
九、过去完成时
1、过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成。
过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”，常与by, befre, when, until等引导的时间状语连用。
Mst f the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
2、过去完成时的特殊用法：
（1）It was the first / secnd time that sb + had + 过去分词。
It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face t face.
（2）It / That was the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 +（that）sb had + 过去分词。
He said it was the mst expensive meal that he had had.
（3）hpe, expect, mean, intend, plan, suppse, think, want等动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的愿望、计划或打算。
I had meant t accmpany my sn last Saturday, but I had t wrk extra hurs t prepare the examinatin paper. （= I meant t have accmpanied my sn…）
（4）过去完成时还用于两个常用句型的主句中：hardly / scarcely…when和n sner…than （一…就…）。
Hardly had we left the drmitry the next mrning when we realized we had left ur map in the rm.
（5）主语 + 过去完成时 + by +（过去时间）。
I had finished reading the nvel by nine ’clck last night.
（6）主句（过去完成时）+ by the time + 从句（过去时）。
Steve Jbs had earned millins f dllars by the time he was fifteen.
十、现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时由“have / has been + 现在分词”构成。它表示动作从过去发生，持续进行到现在，可能还要进行下去。
Jack appears exhausted. He alng with his tw thirteen-year-ld twin brthers has been painting the huse, and he must finish the wrk tmrrw.
I’m tired.I’ve been painting the living rm all day.
十一、主动形式表被动意义
1. 英语中有很多动词（如break, catch, clean, drive, lk, pen, sell, read, write, wash等），当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物；在这种情况下，常常和easily, well等副词连用。
特别提醒：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
This kind f clth washes easily and sells well.
2. 表示感受、感官的系动词feel, sund, taste, lk等后跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，无被动形式。
The water felt cl when I jumped int the pl fr mrning exercise.
3. 在need, want, require, deserve等动词、wrth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The huse which needs repairing/t be repaired belngs t his grandfather.
4. 在某些“主语（人 / 物）/ It + be + 形容词 + 不定式”中不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, pleasant等。
She is hard t please. Everything has t be perfect.
This English sng is easy t learn.
5. “介词in、n、under等 + 名词”构成介词短语表被动意义。
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之意，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。常考的有：
under cntrl受控制
under treatment在治疗中
under repair在修理中
under discussin在讨论中
under cnstructin在施工中
The prblem which is under discussin draws everyne’s attentin.
注意：不及物动词是没有被动语态的。常考的有以下一些，请同学们用心记住。
happen, ccur, rise, arise, die, fail, appear, survive, remain, break ut, cme abut, take place, run ut, break ut, cme up, cme ut, belng t, date back t, date frm
十二、常考的一些被动句型
1. I’m fully / greatly cnvinced that… 我深信…
2. It is generally acknwledged that… 人们普遍认为…
3. As is knwn t us all, … 众所周知…
4. It is said / believed / reprted that… 据说/人们相信/据报道…
= sb / sth is said t d sth / t be ding sth / t have dne sth
强化训练
一、语法填空：在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Finally the slave trade ________ (ablish) in 1807.
2. It was the first time that Astn ________ (admit) t stealing a vehicle.
3. S far all flights and high speed trains ________ (cancel) because f the typhn.
4. An amusement park is under ________ (cnstruct).
5. At present, lts f fd with medicines ________ (transprt )frm all ver China t the earthquake-
stricken areas.
6. He’s a respnsible writer, and he deserves ________ (respect).
7. A ck ________ (fire) if he is caught ________ (smke)in the kitchen.
8. I________ (try) t phne Tm all evening, ________ I can’t seem t get ________ There must be smething wrng with the netwrk.
9. He glanced quickly ________ his shulder t see if he ________ (fllw)
10. The thief glanced at the newspaper headline, ________ (realize) that he ________ (want) by the plice, and then he ________ (immediate) escaped.
11.Hardly had it________(strike)0 ’clck n Nvember 11________ the shpahlics（购物狂）began t shp nline ________ (crazy).
12. Hnestly, I ________ (hurt) because I had n idea why yu tk n ntice f what we ________ (value) befre.
13. Weather ________ (permit), the party ________ (hld) in the garden as scheduled.
14. The plice ________ (search) fr the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
15. The Grammy Awards ________ (present) every year t thse wh have made great ________ (achieve) in the music industry in the United States.
二、单句改错：每句错误最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改。
1. Scientists had explred the cure f AIDS in the last 20 years.
2. Last week a tennis ball hits me n the head, but I tried t neglect the pain, believed that it wuld g away sner r later.
3. Funding in 1852, it was ne f the first and mst ambitius US department stre.
4. A fire brke ut in the market yesterday, but frtunately n ne hurt.
5. Large quantities f infrmatins as well as sme timely help have ffered since the rganizatin was built.
6. One-third f the cuntry are cvered with tree and the majrity f the citizens are black peple.
7. N sner had she said it when she burst ut tears.
8. Within ten years, she had a new leg which freed her frm the pain that has trubled her fr 16 years.
9. One day I saw an advertisement in a lcal newspaper. I ring up the cmpany, and I given the jb
immediately.
10. Frtunately, by the time I gt back, they have finished the tugh task.
三、翻译。
1. 我本打算拜访你的，但是我正要离开的时候有人来看我。
2. 这是第三次他被告知会议的变化。
3. 他刚一开始说话观众就打断了他。
4. 过去三年来，我一直忙于照顾我的小孩以致于我没有时间参加一些社会活动。
5. 他的评论和正在讨论的主题没有关系。
6. 下周一这部新电影将在新建的电影院上映
7. 我们不能使用阅览室，因为它正在维修。
8. 三年前，我的父亲出了一场严重的车祸。
9. 高三的学生每天都是6点起床。
10. 人们普遍认为，阅读能增长我们的知识，拓宽我们的视野。
参考答案：
一、语法填空
1. was ablished 2. had admitted 3. have been cancelled 4. cnstructin 5. is being transprted 6. respecting / t be respected 7. will be fired; smking 8. have been trying; but; thrugh 9. ver; was being fllwed 10. realizing; was wanted; immediately 11. struck; when; crazily 12. was hurt; had valued 13. permitting; will be held 14. were searching 15. are presented; achievements
二、单句改错
1. had - have; f - fr
2. hits - hit; believed - believing
3. Funding - Funded; stre – stres
4. hurt前加was
5. infrmatins - infrmatin; ffered前加been
6. are - is; tree - trees
7. when - than; ut – int
8. has - had
9. ring - rang; given前was
10. have - had
三、翻译
1. I had meant t visit yu, but I was abut t leave when smene came t see me.
2. This/It was the third time that he had been infrmed f the changes f the meeting.
3. Hardly had he begun t speak when the audience interrupted him.
N sner had he begun t speak than the audience interrupted him.
4. Over the past three years, I have been ccupied in attending t my baby s that I haven’t had time t jin in sme scial activities.
5. His remarks aren’t related t the tpic under discussin.
6. The new film will be put n at the newly-built cinema next Mnday.
7. We can’t use the reading-rm, because it is being repaired/under repair.
8. Three years ag, my father came acrss a serius accident.
Three years ag, a serius accident happened t my father.
9. Senir three students get up at 6 ’clck every day.
10. It is generally acknwledged that reading can increase ur knwledge and braden ur hrizns.